北京如何赢回了蓝天

讨论让世界持续运转。

Discussion keeps the world turning.

这里是圆桌论坛。

This is Roundtable.

从北京的核心到全球舞台的边缘，你正身处圆桌之中。

From the heart of Beijing to the edges of the global stage, you are at the roundtable.

我是倪合林。

I'm Niang He Lin.

曾经，北京的晴朗天空是一种惊喜，一种值得在它消失前拍下的景象。

There was a time when clear skies in Beijing felt like a surprise, something worth photographing before it disappeared.

如今，洁净的空气不再是例外，而是一种可衡量的趋势，这种转变揭示了城市在压力下如何改变方向的更深层故事。

Today, clean air is no longer an exception but a measured trend, and that shift tells a deeper story about how cities can change course even under pressure.

在本期节目中，我邀请了史蒂夫·哈瑟利和余珊。

For today's show, I'm joined by Steve Hatherley and Yu Shan.

现在，请拉把椅子，加入我们的对话。

Now pull up a chair and join the conversation.

空气污染常被视为增长不可避免的代价。

Air pollution is often framed as an unavoidable cost of growth.

过去十年北京的经验挑战了这一假设。

Beijing's experience over the past decade challenges that assumption.

北京空气质量的改善如今不仅在国内引起关注，也吸引了全球城市规划者和政策制定者的注意。

The city's improving air quality is now drawing attention not just at home, but from urban planners and policymakers around the world.

这一切都要追溯到2013年，当时中国正式宣布向空气污染宣战。

That all goes back to the year 2013 when China officially declared a war against the air pollution.

我们经常使用这个比喻，但它并不是真的在与什么进行实际的对抗。

We use that metaphor a lot, but it's not about fighting, like, real fights against anything.

它更多是展现我们赢得这场‘战争’的决心，而不是真正去打仗。

It's more about showing how determined we are to win the war instead of really fighting the war.

再快进到2025年，我们看到这种变化显而易见。

And fast forward to 2025, we see that the change is really hard to miss.

严重污染的日子几乎已被彻底消除，使首都迎来了有记录以来最好的空气质量。

Heavily polluted days have been essentially eliminated, giving the capital its best air quality on record.

这一成就让联合国称之为‘北京奇迹’。

An achievement to the UN now cause the Beijing miracle.

因此，我们现在正在解读‘北京奇迹’，因为需要讨论的因素太多了。

So now we are decoding the Beijing miracle because so many factors need to be discussed.

我们正在关注跨区域协调、重工业升级、规划并淘汰数百万辆高污染车辆以改善空气质量，涉及方方面面。

We're looking at coordinating across different regions, upgrading heavy industries, planning and phasing out millions of high polluting vehicles to improve air quality, so many different aspects to talk about.

但公平地说，圆桌讨论经常涉及气候相关话题、污染相关话题，而空气质量在这里的节目中也经常被提及。

But to be fair, roundtable talks about climate related topics, pollute related topics quite a lot, and air quality is often also very constant here on the show.

那我们今天为什么要特别讨论它呢？

So why are we talking about it specifically today?

因为北京取得了有记录以来最好的空气质量。

It's because Beijing has achieved its best air quality on record.

干得好，北京。

Oh, good job, Beijing.

这是今年年初刚刚发布的官方公告。

That's an official announcement just happened in in early January this year.

而PM2.5的年平均浓度——这种有害的细颗粒物污染——在2025年已降至每立方米27微克。

And the average annual concentration of PM 2.5, which is the hazardous fine particle particulate pollution, has already fell to 27 micrograms per cubic meter as in 2025.

这意味着，这一数值不仅比前一年降低了11.5%，而且是有监测记录以来的最低水平。

So this means that the this figure is not only 11.5% lower than that of the previous year, but also represents the lowest level since monitoring began.

所以你可能会好奇，每立方米27微克到底意味着什么。

So you might be wondering what 27 micrograms per cubic meter means.

我也有这个疑问。

I do.

事实上，根据世界卫生组织2021年发布的最新标准，最安全的水平不应超过每立方米5微克，但那只是理想标准。

Actually, according to the WHO's latest standard back released back in 2021, the safest level is no more than five microgram per cubic meter, but that's the ideal standard.

要达到这个标准非常困难。

That's very hard to to meet.

实际上，在2023至2024年的全球空气质量报告中，全球仅有七个国度达到了这一要求，包括澳大利亚、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、冰岛以及其他几个国家。

In fact, in the 2023 to 2024 world air quality report, just seven countries worldwide met that requirement, including Australia, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, and several other countries.

但各国并不会直接从当前水平一夜之间跳到5微克，而是被期望先逐步过渡到较低水平，再达成阶段性目标，比如每立方米35、25或15微克。

But instead of jumping straight from what whichever level you are just to five overnight, well, countries, they can they're kind of expected to first jump into lower level and then to interim targets like 35, 25, or 15 micrograms per cubic meter.

所以我们现在就处在这个水平。

So that's where we are right now.

我想再往前追溯一下，谈谈PM2.5。

The two I wanna go back even further and talk about PM two point five.

听起来2.5像是下午2点30分。

It sounds like 02:30 sounds like 02:30 in the afternoon.

PM指的是颗粒物，而2.5看起来像是污染程度的测量值，对吧？就是2.5个单位的污染。

So the PM refers to particulate matter, and the 2.5, it looks like a measurement of the amount of pollution, right, two and a half units of pollution.

完全不是这么回事。

It is not that at all.

这里的2.5指的是颗粒物的尺寸。

The 2.5 refers to the size of the particulate matter.

之所以叫颗粒物，是因为它只是一个形容漂浮在我们空气中微小固体物质的术语，也可能是液态液滴。

The particulate matter is called that because it's just a fancy term for the tiny solid stuff or it could be the liquid droplets too that are floating in our air.

2.5指的是2.5微米的直径。

2.5 is 2.5 micrometers in diameter.

没人知道它有多大。

Nobody knows how big that is.

它只有人类一根头发直径的三十分之一。

It's one thirtieth the width of a single human hair.

PM2.5这种颗粒物之所以对我们如此危险，是因为它看不见、漂浮在空气中，而且小到可以进入我们的肺部，深入肺部，然后进入血液，这就是为什么长期来看它与哮喘、心脏病以及其他严重的健康问题有关。

So the reason that this PM 2.5 particulate matter 2.5 is so dangerous for us is because it's invisible, it's floating in the air, and it's so small that it can enter into our lungs, deep into our lungs, and then pass into our bloodstream, and that's why it's linked over the long term to things like asthma and heart disease and other really other serious health issues.

PM2.5并不会引起我的警觉，因为我们这些住在北京的人有相关经验，对这个术语已经比较熟悉了。

PM 2.5 does not alert me because for us here living in Beijing having experience, we are kind of familiar with that term.

我们接受过这方面的教育，因为十年前空气质量极差的时候，我们被建议在户外时戴口罩，那时就是那样的情况。

We've been educated about that term because in really drastic time ten years ago when the air quality is really bad, we are advised to wear our mask if we are outdoor and we were at that stage.

我们当时正在逐渐了解这个术语。

We were understanding or gradually learning about this term.

那也说明了当时的情况确实非常糟糕。

And that also showcased at that time, it was kinda really bad.

我认为自2013年打响蓝天保卫战以来，已经经历了多个阶段，包括改造和升级重工业，不仅关注城市本身，还覆盖了周边地区。

And I think since 2013, since the start of the war against the polluted air, there were so many different phases from changing and upgrading heavy industry to working on not only the city but also adjacent areas.

而到目前为止，即最近的2025年，我认为推动空气质量创下新高、让本已不错的空气变得更好的主要因素是新能源汽车的普及。

And to till now, which is the 2000 the most recent year, 2025, at that time, I think the major factor driving the record breaking change or making the already pretty good air even better would be the adoption of new energy vehicles.

是的。

Yeah.

仅在北京，新能源汽车的数量就相当惊人。

Just just the number of NEVs in Beijing is quite impressive.

截至2025年，新能源汽车数量已超过130万辆，绿色电力占全市电力结构的36%。

Right now, it's exceeding 1,300,000 as of 2025 with green power accounting for 36% of the city's electricity mix.

由于这些举措，空气质量优良的天数首次突破80%，这一切都助力北京在2025年建成一座美丽且环保的城市——这是北京市市长殷勇在年度官方会议报告中的原话。

And days with good air quality has, thanks to that, surpassed 80% for the first time, all of which is contributing to Beijing's achievements in just building a beautiful and eco friendly city in 2025, and that's quoting from Yin Young, the mayor the city mayor when delivering the report at the annual official session.

所以如今在北京，我们到处都能看到新能源汽车。

So NEV is we see it everywhere here in Beijing nowadays too.

我记得几年前我去中国东部浙江省的杭州旅行时。

And I remember a few just a few years ago while I was traveling to Hangzhou in Eastern China's Zhejiang Province.

我当时对杭州街头新能源汽车的密集程度印象深刻。

I was so impressed by how much the density of NEV all over their streets.

那是2022年的事了，我想。

That was back in 2022, I believe.

但现在，北京也出现了类似的景象。

But now a similar view is seen in in Beijing too.

事实上，今年北京还将增设大量电动汽车充电桩，因为该市目前的新能源汽车年产能已达70万辆，并计划在2026年新建3万个公共充电桩。

And in fact, we'll see many more EV chargers across Beijing this year too because the city is currently boasts boasting an annual production cap capacity of 700,000 NEVs, and it plans to build 30,000 new public electric chargers in 2026.

这意味着北京现有的庞大新能源汽车市场将获得更好的基础设施支持。

So that's that means better infrastructure support for the massive NEV market we have now here in Beijing.

我们已经多次提到过治理空气污染的行动。

We have already mentioned the war against the polluted air several times.

这项行动有正式名称，叫做《大气污染防治行动计划》。

It has an official name, and the official name was the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.

它于2013年出台，当时人们决定：受够了。

It was adopted in 2013, and that was the time when people decided we had enough.

这样的空气质量是不可接受的。

This kind of air quality is not okay.

我记得那时候我搬到了北京。

And I do remember at that time, I moved to Beijing.

但玉山是北京本地人。

Well, but Yushan is a Beijinger.

你在这座城市生活得更久，亲身经历了并见证了这些变化。

You have even more experience living in the city and experiencing and also witnessing the change.

但我的家乡在山西省。

But my hometown is in Shanxi province.

我们当时的空气质量并不好，尤其是冬天，因为二十年前我小时候，冬天取暖用的是煤炭，那段时间空气污染特别严重。

We didn't had really good air quality, especially in winter days because when I was little, twenty years ago, we used coal for winter central heating system, and the winter days were especially bad when it comes to air pollution.

我还记得，大约十年前或十五年前，当天气好的时候，或者城市举办重大活动时，我们会称之为‘特别蓝’。

And I also remember, again, ten, fifteen years ago, when there is a good day and also when there is a major event happening in the city, we might call it a special blue.

比如‘两会’。

For example, the two sessions Oh.

这是中国每年最重要的政治会议之一。

Which is one of the most important political meeting in China annually.

当两会召开时，如果恰好是空气质量好的日子，我们会称之为‘两会蓝’，因为正值两会期间，天空湛蓝。

When the two sessions open and if it happens to be a good air quality day, we would call it the two session blue we're enjoying because it's the two session period and sky is blue.

感觉连天气和空气质量都在为这一特殊场合庆祝。

It feels like the weather and the air quality is celebrating the special occasion as well.

所以回到

So back

那时候这种情况很少见。

It was rare like that.

大约在2013年或更早的时候，北方地区气温比南方低得多，当时主要依靠煤炭为家庭乃至所有建筑供暖，这正是导致冬季空气质量差的原因。

Back at that time around 2013 or maybe before, in the northern part of the country where the temperatures are much colder than they are in the southern part of the country, Coal, it was used predominantly to heat homes or any buildings for that matter, I suppose, and that's what led to the bad air quality in in the wintertime.

至少，那是主要原因之一。

At least, that was one of the major reasons.

是的。

Mhmm.

几天前，我们在《圆桌讨论》中也提到过，从燃煤转向电能，以实现清洁供暖这一主要能源转型。

And we also covered the coal to electricity to clean air to be the more main energy source for central heating system several days ago on Roundtable.

如果你感兴趣，也去听听这个播客吧。

If you're interested, then go check that podcast out as well.

但正如史蒂夫所说，这一转变始于从煤炭转向电力。

But the transformation, like Steve said, began with the coal to electricity swap.

是的。

Yeah.

这意味着总体上放弃煤炭用于冬季供暖，改用电力供暖或更清洁的能源供暖，比如天然气。

That is that means to ditch coal for winter heating all in general and replace that with electricity heating or cleaner energy heating such as natural gas.

这对北京官员来说绝非易事。

So this was no small task for, at least, for Beijing officials.

他们必须挨家挨户升级电网和家庭炉具，帮助居民完成从煤炭到电力的全面过渡。

They had to go door to door to upgrade power grids and their home household stoves and help residents transit to for fulfill that transition and totally to from coal to electricity.

下面我以我现在居住的北京西城区为例，讲讲十年前他们是如何做到的。

So here's one example in Central West Beijing's Sicheng District where I live now of how they did it ten years ago.

北京西城区生态环境局的一位资深工程师王宇，实际上参与了煤改电项目。

So one senior engineer, Wang Yu, at the ecological environment bureau of Beijing's Sichung District actually participated in the coal to electricity conversion project.

根据他的说法，这个项目为许多公司提供了机会，他们在全区的目标社区进行了入户调查。

And according to him, the that project kind of, supplied many companies, and they conducted door to door surveys in target targeted neighborhoods all over the district.

他们必须根据居民的实际情况应对关键挑战，同时开展各种任务，包括升级外部供电设施。

And what they had to do was to address key challenges based on residents' actual conditions while carrying out various tasks, including upgrading external power supply facilities.

所以，作为在北西城长大的人，我经常听我妈妈说，那时候每个社区都有自己的小工厂，手工制作煤砖，是的。

So as someone who grows up in Central West Beijing, I used to hear my mom say that a lot that back then, each neighborhood had their own little factory of hand making a coal brick Oh, yes.

为自己家制作。

For themselves.

对吧？

Right?

大同那边也是这样吗？

You do the same in Datong?

是的。

Yes.

对。

Yeah.

所以我记得这件事。

So I remember that.

我妈妈那时候会说，那个叫什么来着？

And my mom got like what do you call it?

一氧化碳中毒？

The carbon dioxide poisoning?

中毒。

Poisoning.

她年轻时曾因为家里烧煤砖不完全而晕倒过一次。

She she fainted out once when she was much younger because of the unfully burning of the cold that they made at home.

所以，在改造之前，当地人就是这么生活的。

So that was basically how it was like for local people before the transaction.

有时候，他们指望煤砖能一整天都供暖，但下班回家后却发现整个房间还是冷的，因为他们没放够。

And sometimes, they expect the cold to supply the heat in their room for a whole day but just ended up coming home after work and find the whole room is cold because they didn't put enough.

你没让它一整天都烧着。

You didn't put it on all day.

是的。

Yeah.

所以你会把煤炉放在房子的哪个位置？

So where where would you put where would you put it in the house?

我想了解一下煤燃烧时的布局情况。

I'm trying to get an idea of of, like, the layout of where this coal is being burned.

我们家没有这种情况，但我认为在不同的社区，尤其是很多年前，二三十年前，是这样的。

It doesn't happen in my family, but I think in different neighborhoods, especially, again, so many years ago, twenty, thirty years ago.

我觉得是炉子。

Stove, I would say.

对。

Yeah.

它肯定是在炉子里的。

It definitely would be in a stove.

但那时，尤其是在城市里不太发达的地区，人们不像现在住在公寓里，而是大多住在自己的房子里，因此可以单独划分出一块区域用来放煤和炉子。

But at that time, in especially not very developed areas in the even in the city, instead of living in a apartment, most people would live in their own house, so they can separate an area for the coal and for the stove.

炉子可以通过一根管道连接到室内，用来给房子供暖。

And the stove can have a pipe that linked that goes into the house to warm up the house.

但更重要的是，管道还会通到室外，这样烟才能排出去。

But more importantly, goes also outside, so that's where the smoke escapes to.

那会是更先进的情况。

That would be the more advanced situation.

另一种情况就像玉山描述的那样，把炉子直接放在室内。

Another situation would be like Yushan described, that is having the stove directly in the house.

所以，第一，煤没有充分燃烧。

So one, the coal is not burned properly.

肯定会出问题。

Problem definitely would happen.

是的。

Yeah.

大约在2000年到2010年期间，我认为北京许多老式住宅里也使用过热水供暖系统。

And around the year 2000 and approaching 2010, I think a lot of the Beijing household, the older versions of the houses, they also have the indoor heaters that's run by hot water.

但这些热水管道都是由分布在城市各处的集中式和分散式燃煤锅炉产生的。

But the hot water tube all were all generated from the coal fired boilers that's kinda centered and scattered around in the city.

当时，这些锅炉全部使用煤炭作为能源，直到2013年左右才被更清洁的能源取代。

And back then, those boilers were all powered by coal before well, kind of until 2013 when that was all replaced by cleaner energy.

在我所在的社区，我以前住的社区，用的是天然气。

In my community, in the community where I used to stay, that was the natural gas.

他们现在仍然使用同样的系统，只是改用天然气燃烧，这一转变带来的效果非常显著。

They're still using that same system, only burning natural gas nowadays, and the outcome of that transaction was huge.

在2003年至2015年间，西城区在传统的四合院社区中实施了10项大规模的煤改电工程，近16万户家庭改用电力供暖。

Between 2003 and 2015, the district, Sicheng District, rolled out 10 large scale coal to electricity upgrades across traditional courtyard neighborhood, and nearly a 160,000 households switched to electricity heating.

到2015年底，西城区中心成为北京首个无煤区，也是实现完全无煤供暖的先锋。

And by the end of 2015, the downtown Xichen District became the first coal free zone as well as Beijing's pioneer in achieving complete coal free heating.

他们做了很多工作。

So that's a lot that they did.

当然，之后PM2.5水平的改善也非常明显，因为在北京后续的PM2.5来源研究中，我们开头提到的工程师表示，煤炭燃烧对PM2.5的贡献率从2013年的22.4%下降到了2017年的仅3%。

And, of course, the result on PM 2.5 level afterwards was quite turning out quite good too because in Beijing's follow-up PM 2.5 source studies, the engineer we mentioned at the beginning of this case said that the coal combustion's contribution to PM 2.5 dropped from 22.4% in 2013 to just 3% in 2017.

所以，这说明了很多问题。

So, yeah, that says a lot.

这在当时消除了煤炭作为主要污染源的地位。

That that eliminated coal as a major pollution source at the time.

如果你看看，我和玉山最近在对比北京现在的空气质量数据和2018年的情况，我们之前已经提过了。

And if you look at, we were looking Yushan and I were looking at the numbers for Beijing's air quality now versus back in 2018, and we mentioned it already.

现在PM2.5是每立方米27微克，对吧。

Now it's 27 for the PM 2.5, right, per cubic meter.

那时候是多少来着？

Back then, it was what was that number?

89还是89.5？

89 or 89.5?

对。

Yes.

89。

89.

现在和13年前相比，差距实在是太大了。

It's just such a huge, huge difference between now and 13 ago.

是的。

Yes.

所以第一步是针对供暖，因为冬季我们经历空气质量最差的日子最多。

So the first step was to target on heating because during winter days, we experience bad air quality days the most.

但为了实现全面的改变，还决定以整体方式审视整个产业结构。

But in order to give it a comprehensive change, also, decided to look at the entire structure of its industry in a holistic approach.

因此，工业和交通领域也经历了一些变化和改善。

So the industrial and transport sectors also experienced some changes and improvements.

对的。

Yeah.

他们总共关闭了3000多家严重污染的工厂。

They actually shut down more than 3,000 heavily polluting factories altogether.

对于另外12000家规模较小、混乱或高排放的企业，官员们介入进行了整治。

And for another 12,000 smaller, messy, or high emission businesses, the officials stepped in to clean them up.

这意味着要根据它们的污染程度进行升级、搬迁或逐步淘汰。

That means to either upgrade them or relocate them or phasing them out depending on how polluting they were.

这里有一个有趣且相当特别的例子。

Here's a funny and rather interesting example.

你们知道，我以前在北京一家主要剧院实习过。

You know, you guys know I used to do internship in one of the major theaters here in Beijing.

有一次我担任翻译，帮一位服装设计师寻找某种特定的布料，用于他设计的服装。

And there were once I was a translator, so I was translating for a a costume designer who was looking for a certain type of duo, a sign a kind of like a fabric for the costume that he was designing.

但我们需要一路前往邻近北京的河北省，才能找到生产这种布料的工厂，因为北京本地根本没有，只有那里才能实现他想要的服装效果。

But we needed to travel all the way to Hebei province, the nearby province next to Beijing in order to find the factory who make that kind of fabric for the ideal perform like, the effect he he he was aiming for because there were none in Beijing.

所有这些都搬迁到了北京之外。

It was all, like, relocated outside of Beijing.

所以，这是一点。

So and that's one point.

而在道路方面，变化更加显著，因为北京还淘汰了300万辆高污染车辆，这也是一项了不起的成就。

And then on the roads, the changes were even more drastic because Beijing also phased out 3,000,000 high pollution vehicles, which was kind of an achievement too.

那时候我们都是青少年，被教导要小心路上那些重型车辆。

And everybody back then were were we were only teenagers and we were taught that watch out those heavy vehicles on the road.

如果它们冒出黑烟，你就得绕道走。

If they emit out black smoke, you are you have you have Go the other way.

不。

No.

不。

No.

你有权利举报它们。

You have the right to report it.

是的。

Yes.

对。

Uh-huh.

关于高污染车辆和新车的区别在于，新能源车辆几乎绝对是百分之百清洁的，而路上既有普通车辆，也有高污染车辆。

The idea about high pollutant high pollution vehicles versus the new vehicles is that the new energy vehicles is almost definitely 100% clear and clean, and there's the normal vehicle on the street and the high pollution vehicles.

我们很早就淘汰了高污染车辆。

And we got rid of the high pollution vehicles really early on.

是的。

Yeah.

这是一个持续进行的过程，对吧？

And that's an ongoing process, isn't it?

对吧？

Right?

这并不是一个第一阶段结束就完事的事情。

That wasn't like a phase one and then we're done type thing.

这已经持续了多年，从第一阶段到第二阶段、第三阶段、第四阶段、第五阶段。

That's been going on for years, phase one to two to three to four to five.

我想现在应该已经到第六阶段了，如果我没记错的话。

I think it's up to phase six now, if I'm correct.

是的。

Yeah.

自2020年起，国家第六阶段排放标准就已经实施了。

Since 2020, national standard level six or the six national emission standard was already on.

是的。

Yeah.

这意味着，每进入一个新阶段，比如到了第四阶段，他们就想淘汰第三阶段及以下的车辆。

So what that means is with each new phase, you know, when they get to phase four, they wanna get rid of the phase three vehicles and below.

当进入第五阶段时，他们就想淘汰第四阶段及以下的车辆——如果我理解得没错的话。

And when they get to phase five, they wanna get rid of the phase four vehicles and and below, if I'm understanding that correctly.

所以这告诉我，第一，没错，这是持续清理道路的过程，但同时也是一种激励，我认为这推动了新能源汽车的销售，因为每过一个阶段，如果你的车是老旧车型，不符合新标准，最终都会被淘汰。

So what that tells me is that number one, yeah, it's an ongoing process to clean up the roads, but it's also an incentive, I think, for, NEV sales because if you know with each passing phase, if your car is an older one that doesn't meet the standards, it's gonna get phased out eventually anyway.

因此，这实际上可能有助于提升新能源汽车的销量。

So that might actually help boost those sales.

是的。

Yeah.

这些车辆包括2013年至2015年间在北京注册的柴油货运车辆，涵盖重型、中型、轻型和微型卡车。

And those vehicles would include diesel freight vehicles, the heavy, medium, light, and micro, trucks that's registered in Beijing since 2013 until 2015.

而且，他们取得的成果确实非常显著，因为在2013年一年内，北京就加速淘汰了这些老旧车辆，共淘汰了超过36万辆汽车和卡车。

And, yeah, that was very impressive outcome that they achieved too because in 2013 alone, Beijing accelerated the retirement of these old vehicles and phasing out over three three hundred and sixty thousand cars and trucks in a single year.

同时，他们还向车主提供补贴。

And in the meantime, they give subsidies to the car owners.

根据北京市生态环境局的数据，共向车主发放了约8亿元人民币的补贴。

About 805,000,000 yuan of subsidies was gave out to given out to the vehicle owners, and that's according to Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau.

是的。

Yeah.

这实际上意味着，我们并不是让你直接把车扔掉，然后自认倒霉。

That's basically saying we're not telling you to just throw your vehicle away and too bad for you.

我们会以某种方式激励你。

We're going to incentivize you somehow.

你提到了河北、玉山，我觉得还有一个很有趣的点，那就是北京及其周边地区，还有邻近的天津市，以及附近的河北省。

You talked about Hebei, Yushan, and I think kind of a cool point as well that Beijing and the surrounding area, you've got Tianjin, which is a neighboring city, the Tianjin municipality, and also Hebei province, which is nearby.

它紧邻北京。

It's a neighbor to Beijing.

他们一直通力合作，共同推进。

They've been working together, all working together.

这些地区在过去十一年里一直采用联合执法机制，通过检查和关停等方式，彻底关闭违规企业。

These regions going back over eleven years have used joint enforcement mechanisms, and they've been working together through inspections and shut down to shut down violators altogether.

所以不仅仅是北京市本身，还包括周边地区。

So not just the city of Beijing itself, but the surrounding areas too.

是的。

Yes.

北京为全国其他城市和地区树立了很好的榜样。

And Beijing provided a really good example for cities and places around the country to learn from.

考虑到城市的具体情况，采取了不同的措施。

That is given the situation of the city, there are different steps.

为了改善空气质量，采取了多种不同的举措。

There have been different steps to clean up the air.

各相邻地区之间进行了协调行动，其他城市也在借鉴这种模式，寻找适合自己情况的方案，以改善空气质量。

There have been coordinating actions among adjacent areas, and that is how other cities are also trying to find the kind of plant that is suitable for them so that they can improve their air quality as well.

以广东省为例，它位于国家南部，相对而言，那里已经长期保持良好的空气质量。

Take Guangdong province, for example, it's in the southern part of the country, and relatively speaking, they have already been enjoying good air quality for quite a long time.

但它们仍在追求更高的评分，

But still, they are looking at higher score in

并努力进一步改善。

the competition and trying to improve it even further.

是的。

Yeah.

我记得在它们的官方网站上看到过，它们提到，由于沙尘暴，今年非常优良的空气质量天数比去年减少了。

In the in their official government website, I remember reading that they were saying that, oh, actually, we have less year days of very good air comparing with the year before due to sandstorms.

尽管广东的平均PM2.5浓度仅为每立方米21微克，维持在非常低的水平，它们仍感到遗憾。

Like, they were they were sad despite the fact that it's maintaining a very low average PM 2.5 concentration of only 21 micrograms per cubic meter in Guangdong.

此外，像深圳、惠州和珠海这样的城市， consistently 排名中国空气质量最佳的前20个城市之列。

So and also cities like Shenzhen, Houizhou, and Zhuhai, they cons consistently ranking among the top 20 cities in China for the best overall air quality.

总的来说，中国南方的城市所遭受的空气污染远不如我们北方这么严重。

In general, just cities in Southern China, they do not suffer as much of air air pollution as we do here up in North Yeah.

中国北方。

North in China.

当然没那么严重。

Not as bad for sure.

而空气质量优良天数的百分比，某种程度上就像是城市的一种荣誉徽章。

And that that that percentage of of great air quality days is kind of like a badge of honor, I suppose, for the city in a way.

以深圳为例，它是一座沿海城市，如果你将南方的沿海城市与佛山这样的内陆工业中心相比，就能看到明显的差异。

Shenzhen, for example, is a coastal city, and we can see a divide there if you compare the coastal cities down south to the inland industrial hubs like Foshan, for for example.

是的。

Yeah.

顺便说一下，我今天看地图时才发现，深圳位于最南端，靠近澳门和香港，但我不知道它几乎正对着越南北部。

Shenzhen by the way, I was looking at a map today, and I didn't realize I knew it was way down south near Macau and Hong Kong, but I didn't realize it's basically straight across well, it's straight across from the northern part of Vietnam.

对吧？

Right?

所以如果你不熟悉地理的话，这就是深圳的位置。

So if if you're not familiar with the geography, that's where Shenzhen is.

回到2023年，我们来看看他们的数据。

Back in 2023, let's look at their numbers a little bit.

深圳的年均PM2.5浓度为16，这相当不错。

Shenzhen recorded an average annual PM 2.5 concentration of 16 and which is pretty good.

对吧？

Right?

而2019年的年均数值约为23。

And in 2019, the average annual recording was about 23.

现在，如果我们把这些数字和之前提到的世卫组织标准对比，他们希望是5。

Now if you compare those numbers we talked about the WHO numbers before, and they want five.

他们希望是5的原因是为了我们的健康。

And the reason they want five is for our health.

对吧？

Right?

这是一个非常非常严格的标准数值，你之前也提到过，玉山。

It's a very, very strict low number, which is very, you mentioned it before, Yushan.

要达到这个目标非常困难，全球很少有城市能做到。

It's very difficult to achieve, and not many cities are, around the world are able to achieve that.

深圳做得非常好。

Shenzhen's doing a great job.

如果我们把这与其他大城市比较，比如伦敦，目前的PM2.5浓度大约在7.5到10之间。

So if we compare that to other big cities, for example, London now is about seven and a half to 10PM two point five concentration.

纽约市有不同的行政区。

New York City well, New York City has the different boroughs.

对吧？

Right?

但曼哈顿本身的浓度大约在10.5左右。

But Manhattan itself is around 10 and a half.

是的。

Mhmm.

因此，如果将深圳与其他正在逐步接近五这个目标的世界大城市相比，我们可以看到一些情况。

So if you compare Shenzhen to other big world cities who are getting closer to achieving that five goal, we can see a couple of things there.

第一点，我认为这是对不住在中国生活的人的普遍误解，因为很久以前的新闻，人们可能以为中国的空气质量很差，并且对整个国家一概而论。

Number one, and I think this is a common misconception for people who don't live in China because of the news that came out a long time ago, people might think China's air quality is bad, and you just kind of paint a broad stroke over the whole country.

不是的。

No.

不同地区的情况是不同的。

It's different in different parts.

在北京，我们仍在持续改善。

In Beijing, we're still improving.

我们现在是27，离5还差得远，但27这个数字的积极之处在于，北京的方向是正确的，并且已经这样持续了很长时间。

We're at 27 now, which is not close to five, But the good thing about the numbers of 27 is that Beijing is headed in the right direction and has been for a long time.

所以我只是想强调这一点，以免有人误以为中国的空气质量 everywhere 都一样，每天都糟糕透顶。

And so I just wanted to make that point in case people kinda thought, the air quality is the same all over China, and it's just always bad every day.

它

It's

已经不再是那样了。

It's not no longer like that.

并非如此。

Not the case.

不是。

No.

不再那样了。

Not anymore.

此外，中国各地正在利用新兴技术，通过采用不同种类的技术来改善空气质量。

And also, another thing that different places in China are doing is that with the with new technology coming out, they are resulting from different types of technology to improve the air quality.

例如，通过将互联网与环境监管相结合，城市可以建立实时空气污染预测和预警系统。

For example, by combining Internet with environmental regulation, Citi can build a real time air pollution forecasting and early warning system.

我们谈论的不仅仅是工业或汽车排放到空气中的污染。

We're not only talking about the kind of pollution that comes out to the air because of industry or because of cars.

我们现在已经没有高污染的汽车了，但汽车仍然会产生污染。

We don't really have that high pollution cars anymore, but still cars can generate pollute.

这不仅仅关乎这些。

It's not only about that.

它也可能与灰尘有关。

It can also be about dust.

它也可能与玉仙提到的沙尘暴有关，那种我们经常遇到的天气状况，但这些也是可以预测和应对的。

It can be about sandstorms that Yuxian mentioned that could happen, the kind of weather condition that we see all the time, but those can also be predicted, and those can be dealt with.

有很多是的。

There's lots of yeah.

有太多不同的因素了。

There's just so many different things.

对吧？

Right?

来自建筑工地、道路、焚烧农作物废弃物或其他类似行为的灰尘。

Dust from construction sites and roads and burning of crop waste or things like that.

有太多不同的污染源了。

There's just a lot of different contributors.

甚至有时候，连续几天后会出现一段无雨期。

And even sometimes, one, there is a rain gap after several days.

这也可能导致恶劣天气。

It could also result in bad weather.

所以，是的，如果我们把这称为对抗恶劣天气或空气质量差的日子的战争，那是因为我们有需要对抗的东西。

So, yeah, if we're calling it a war against bad weather or bad air quality days, it's because there's something to fight against.

但我想，我们正在北京以及全国范围内进入下一阶段。

But we are moving on to the next stage, I think, here in Beijing and around the country.

我们不仅是因为再也无法忍受糟糕的空气质量才采取行动，而且即使我们一年中已经有很多好天气，我们仍然希望变得更好。

That is we are not only proving it because we cannot stand the bad air quality anymore, but because even though we are looking at many, many good days of the year, we we want it to be better.

我们希望达到五个基准目标。

We want to hit the five benchmark targets.

那么下一步是什么？

So what's the next step?

首先，让我们回到北京这个主要例子。

So first of all, let's get back to Beijing as a major example.

像北京这样的城市对细节的关注变得更加极致。

So cities like Beijing were getting even more obsessive about the details.

是的。

Yes.

他们就是这样说的。

That's how they put it.

所以我有

And So I have

现在全国范围内开展了一项竞赛。

a nationwide competition now.

对。

Yeah.

真的，确实很奇怪他们这么做。

Really, yeah, curious that they're doing this.

例如，北京正从一项举措转向零点一微克的举措，这意味着他们正在使用激光雷达和卫星等高科技监测手段，来发现最微小的污染源，并每次将零点一微克逐一分解减少。

So Beijing, for example, is moving from its one initiative to a naught point one microgram initiative, meaning that they're using high-tech monitoring like laser radar and satellites to find even the tiniest source of pollution and reduce that naught point one by naught point one each time.

此外，在2025年初，北京市生态环境局还与曼谷都市管理局环境部门签署了一项谅解备忘录，以加强空气质量监测与管理方面的合作。

And, also, in early twenty twenty five, the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau also signed a memorandum of understanding with the environment department of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration to boost air quality monitoring and management cooperation.

因此，与曼谷合作的目标是，在未来三年内，北京将分享其在空气污染控制方面的成熟经验，特别是如何监测PM2.5并降低其浓度，以支持泰国首都改善空气质量。

So the goal of doing this with Bangkok was that over the next three years, Beijing will share its proven expertise in air pollution control, particularly how we monitor PM 2.5 and manage to lower that level with Bangkok to support the Thai capital's air quality improvement as well.

因此，我们正看到越来越多的全球合作，探讨如何改善空气质量。

So we're seeing a lot more global cooperation regarding how to enhance the Jaco

空气质量。

Air quality.

是的。

Yeah.

这只是另一个例子。

It's just another example.

学习我们可以借鉴的经验，学习哪些做法效果好，然后也与我们的邻国分享。

Learn what we can hear, learn what works well, and then share it with our neighbors too.

对吧？

Right?

市场也在受到激励。

The market is being incentivized too.

这是下一阶段的一部分。

That's part of the next phase.

它正朝着环境税的方向发展。

It's headed towards environmental taxes.

因此，目标是让企业保持清洁在财务上更加明智。

So the goal there is to make it financially smart for companies to stay clean.

是的。

Yes.

而且，希望在未来，我们会做到。

And, hopefully, in the future, we will.

毫无疑问，未来我们会看到更多洁净的日子和更美丽的天空。

Definitely in the future, we will see more clean days and more beautiful skies.

即使现在我们并不觉得它如此珍贵，以至于每次都要拍照，但它仍然是一个美好的背景，尤其是在我们旅行、享受生活时，圆桌会议始终在这里关注着，让我们能够竞争。

And even if now we don't really find it so precious that we need to take a photo all the time, every single time, still, it's a nice background, especially when we're traveling, enjoying lives, and roundtable is always here watching so that we can compete.

从我们这里谈论竞争的角度来看，来自北京、深圳的我们，正朝着你们的空气质量数据而来。

And from us here speaking of competition, from us here in Beijing, Shenzhen, we're coming for you and your your air quality numbers.

我们要超过你。

We're gonna pass you.

真好。

Lovely.

或者

Or

或者我们可以。

or we we can.

我突然间就变成北京人了吗？

Am I becoming a Beijinger all of a sudden,

看起来是这样？

it seems?

我为你感到骄傲，史蒂夫。

I'm proud of you, Steve.

我们可以一起进步。

We can improve together.

准备好。

Get ready.

准备好。

Get ready.

为超级之夜做好准备。

Get ready for super night.

在这里，北京的灯光亮起了。

Here in Beijing lights come on.

新年的节奏强劲有力。

New Year's beat is moving strong.

一步一脚印，感受节拍，四周都是幸福的微笑。

Step by step, feel the sound, happy smiles all around.

感受节奏，感受力量，它来了，迎接新的一年。

Feel the rhythm, feel the force, here it comes, the year Celebrate