ASMR背后的柔软科学

NPR的支持及以下信息来自威廉和弗洛拉·休利特基金会，该基金会致力于投资富有创造力的思想者和问题解决者，帮助人们、社区和地球繁荣发展。

Support for NPR and the following message come from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, investing in creative thinkers and problem solvers who help people, communities, and the planet flourish.

更多信息请访问hewlett.org。

More information is available at hewlett.org.

您正在收听NPR的短波节目。

You're listening to shortwave from NPR.

我是Maddie Safia，今天与我们自己的短波记者兼有时主持人Emily Kwong一起为您带来节目。

Maddie Safia here with our very own shortwave reporter and sometimes host Emily Kwong.

你好，Emily Kwong。

Greetings, Emily Kwong.

嗨，Maddie。

Hi, Maddie.

嗨，Emily。

Hi, Emily.

你好。

Hello.

我们为什么在耳语？

Why are we whispering?

因为今天的节目是关于ASMR的。

Because today's episode is about ASMR.

我先暂时不再耳语了。

I'm gonna get out of whisper mode for a moment.

很好。

Great.

你刚才都让我起鸡皮疙瘩了。

It was creeping me out.

让我来讲个故事，来自英国一位名叫朱莉娅的科学家，我也一样。

And explain, me too, with a quick story from a scientist in The UK named Giulia.

我叫朱莉娅·波里奥。

My name is Giulia Poerio.

我是上帝。

I am god.

我从来没想过自己的年龄。

I haven't thought about my age.

我31岁。

I'm 31.

吉ulia今年冬天即将在埃塞克斯大学开始授课。

Giulia is about to start lecturing at the University of Essex this winter.

她仍然清晰地记得自己还是个小女孩的时候。

And she still remembers vividly being a little girl.

在某些特定情境下，她偶尔会感受到一种非常独特的体验。

And occasionally, she would get this very distinct feeling in certain situations.

最早的例子包括看妈妈梳头发或化妆，测量脚型以购买校鞋，老师非常耐心地向我讲解某些内容。

Really early examples would be things like watching my mom brush her hair or put her makeup on, getting my feet bit measured for school shoes, a teacher explaining something to me really carefully.

在这些情境中，她会进入一种类似恍惚的放松状态。

And, Maddie, in situations like these, she would enter this trance like state of relaxation.

这种感觉是一种温暖的刺痒感，从头顶开始，仿佛头皮下有气泡在涌动。

The feeling itself, is a warm tingling sensation that starts at the the crown of the head almost like bubbles under the scalp.

那些气泡不是往那儿去的。

That that's not where bubbles go.

并且会蔓延到身体的其他部位，沿着脊柱和四肢扩散。

And can spread throughout the rest of the body, so down the spine and through the limbs.

一些人体验到的这种大脑刺痒感被称为ASMR，即自主感觉经络反应，这是一种由特定刺激（如耳语、专注的个人关注、柔和的声音等）可靠引发的心理生理体验。

That brain tingling feeling experienced by some people is called ASMR, autonomous sensory meridian response, a psychophysiological experience reliably triggered by certain things like whispering, personal attention, soft voices, a whole host of things.

因此，今天在节目中，ASMR研究者朱莉娅·波里奥帮助我们解释这种感觉背后的科学原理。

So today on the show, ASMR researcher Giulia Poerio helps us explain the science behind this sensation.

我们还问，这与席卷互联网的黏液潮流有关吗？

And we ask, does this have anything to do with the slime trend oozing across the internet?

我不喜欢这个。

I don't like it.

它正朝你袭来，马迪·索菲亚。

It's coming for you, Maddie Sophia.

本信息由Wise提供，这是一款为全球使用货币的国际人士设计的应用程序。

This message comes from Wise, the app for international people using money around the globe.

您可以通过几次简单的点击，发送、消费和接收多达40种货币。

You can send, spend, and receive in up to 40 currencies with only a few simple taps.

聪明一点。

Be smart.

明智选择。

Get wise.

立即下载Wise应用或访问wise.com。

Download the Wise app today or visit wise.com.

条款和条件适用。

Ts and cs apply.

NPR的支持及以下信息来自威廉和弗洛拉·休利特基金会，该基金会投资于富有创造力的思想者和问题解决者，帮助人们、社区和地球繁荣发展。

Support for NPR and the following message come from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, investing in creative thinkers and problem solvers who help people, communities, and the planet flourish.

更多信息请访问hewlett.org。

More information is available at hewlett.org.

好的。

Okay.

那么，麦迪。

So, Maddie.

是的，女士。

Yes, ma'am.

我们今天穿越ASMR世界的向导是朱莉娅·波里奥。

Our tour guide through the world of ASMR is Giulia Poerio.

稍后我们会听到她的分享。

We're gonna hear from her in a bit.

她是一位真实存在的人，能够体验ASMR，真正真实的人。

She is a real life person who experiences ASMR A real life one.

并且研究它。

And researches it.

ASMR并不是一个庞大的科学研究领域，它在公众讨论中出现也不过大约十二年。

ASMR is not exactly a big field of scientific study, and it's only been a thing in public discussion for about a dozen years.

大约在2007年，人们开始在线上相互找到彼此，建立社群，并将这种感受称为ASMR。

That's about when in 2007, people began to find each other and build communities online, calling this feeling they had ASMR.

所以这些人就是单纯地因为耳语而变得特别平静吗？

So these people just, like, get really zenned out by whispering?

不同的人有不同的触发因素，种类非常多。

There's a whole host of different triggers for different people.

可能是耳语、轻柔的敲击声，或者纸张的沙沙声。

It could be whispering, soft tapping, rustling of paper.

这一切似乎还包含视觉成分，但并不总是如此。

There seems to be a visual component to all of this, but not always.

缓慢的动作、精致的手势也能引发ASMR体验。

Things like slow movements, delicate hand gestures can induce an ASMR experience.

YouTube上最受欢迎的ASMR创作者之一，也就是那些在线制作ASMR视频的人，叫ASMR darling。

One of the most popular ASMR artists on YouTube, that's what the people who make these ASMR videos online are called, is ASMR darling.

看，她正用指甲轻轻触碰一座用乐高积木搭成的小房子。

Here she is quietly touching a little house made of Legos with her fingernails.

是的。

Uh-huh.

是的

Yeah.

她正在打开一颗星爆糖。

Here she is unwrapping a starburst.

是的

Yeah.

那是一颗星爆糖被打开。

That is a starburst being unwrapped.

我最喜欢的场景是，她轻声缓慢地从一千倒数。

My personal favorite, here she is counting down slowly in a whisper from a thousand.

一千零九

One thousand nine

九百九十九，九百九十八。

hundred ninety nine nine hundred ninety eight.

这些视频997。

These videos 997.

七。

Seven.

它们在YouTube上获得数百万次观看。

They get millions of views on YouTube.

996。

996.

当你和我听到这个时，我们听到的是它。

When you and I 900 hear this, we hear it.

但对于一些人来说，

But for some people,

他们感受到它。

they feel it.

这就是Giulia和那些经历ASMR的人所经历的情况。

And that's what happens for Giulia and those who experience ASMR.

这有点像音乐引发的鸡皮疙瘩或敬畏引发的鸡皮疙瘩。

It's a little bit like music induced chills or awe inspired chills.

所以有时候，比如你听到一段精彩演讲，像马丁·路德·金的演讲，你可能会起鸡皮疙瘩，脊背发麻，这是一种相当复杂的、情感与审美交织的反应，有些人会有，有些人则没有。

So sometimes, you know, if you hear an amazing speech, like a Martin Luther King speech, you might get those kind of those goosebumps, those shivers up your spine, which is a really kind of complex emotional aesthetic response that some people experience and other people don't.

85。

85.

984。

984.

这是一个年轻女性在做这件事，你看着她的脸，她离镜头非常近。

So this is a young woman doing this, and you're, like, looking at her face, and she's really close to the camera.

感觉非常亲密。

It seems very intimate.

这是否是，像，是不是

Is this, like, is this

这是性相关的事吗，Kwong？

a sex thing, Kwong?

说实话，我最初的想法也是这样。

To be honest, that was my initial thought too.

我不会体验到ASMR。

I don't experience ASMR.

但朱莉娅说，根据她对那些有此体验者进行的研究，ASMR并不是

But Giulia said, based on studies she's done monitoring those who do, ASMR is not

一种性兴奋的感觉。

the feeling of getting turned on.

在我们的研究中，我们当然测量了人们的心率。

In our research, we, of course, measured people's heart rates.

平均而言，当人们观看ASMR视频时，心率会下降，这恰恰与如果它是一种性唤起感觉时应有的反应相反。

And on average, heart rate decreased when people watched ASMR videos, which is exactly the opposite of what you would expect if it was somehow a sexually arousing feeling.

我不知道为什么，但这让我对它感觉好多了。

I don't know why, but that makes me feel better about it.

确实是。

It is.

是别的东西。

It's something else.

所以，如果这不是一种性感觉，那它到底是什么？

So it's if it's not like this sexual feeling, what is it?

比如，在那些经历这种感觉的人的大脑中，究竟发生了什么？

Like, in the brains of people who experience it, what's going on?

我们实际上并不知道经历ASMR的人大脑中真正发生了什么，也不知道究竟有多少人会经历它。

We don't actually know what is happening truly in the brains of people who experience it nor how many people experience it at all.

这里重要的是，关于这个话题的科学研究并不多。

The important thing to know here is there isn't a ton of scientific research on this topic.

不过，有一项研究确实引起了朱莉娅的兴趣。

There is one study though that really interested Giulia.

这是一项2016年由加拿大研究人员发表的论文，研究了在休息状态（即基本不做任何事）下，经历ASMR的人的大脑活动。

It's a 2016 paper by Canadian researchers that looked at the brains of people who experience ASMR when their brains were in a restful state, basically not doing anything.

他们观察了大脑中的这个特定网络。

And they looked at this specific network within the brain.

一种被称为默认模式网络的系统，它与

Something called the default mode network, which is associated with

比如白日梦、走神以及自我参照的思考。

things like daydreaming and mind wandering and also self referential thought.

他们发现，本质上，在静息状态下，大脑网络的活动表明这些人抑制感官和情绪反应的能力较弱。

And what they found was that essentially that they they thought that the brain network activity at rest shows that they're less able to inhibit sensory and emotional responses.

基本上，他们更难将感官接收到的信息与身体感受到的体验区分开来。

Basically, they were less able to separate the link between what their senses are picking up and what they're feeling in their bodies.

情绪体验没有被那么强烈地抑制。

Emotional experiences weren't as suppressed.

好的。

Okay.

这说得通。

That makes sense

对我来说。

to me.

他们体验感官的方式，和我体验感官的方式不一样，或者类似的情况。

They experience their senses in a different way than, like, I experience my senses or something like that.

有点吧。

Kind of.

正如我所说，这只是众多早期研究之一。

Like I said, this is one of many early studies.

有趣的是，人们正在互联网上尝试新的ASMR触发方式。

And what's also interesting is how people are experimenting with new ASMR triggers on the Internet.

还记得我之前提到的渗出感吗？

Remember the oozing I mentioned earlier?

是的。

Yeah.

我记得那个。

I remember that.

那真不幸。

It was unfortunate.

我手里拿着一件能发出声音的东西，现在要向你们介绍它。

I have with me in my hand, something that produces sound, and I'm gonna introduce it to you.

哦。

Oh.

你确实有一点点炫酷的元素。

You did have a nice little bit of flare.

所以，我手里拿着的这个东西，从技术上讲是。

So what I'm holding in my hand is technically.

里面带有小泡沫颗粒的 slime（史莱姆）。

Slime with little foam pieces inside.

你听到了吗？

Do you hear that?

是的。

Yeah.

我能听到。

I can hear it.

在过去的几年里，网上出现了大量人们操作史莱姆的视频。

Well, in the last few years, there's been a boom in videos of people manipulating slime.

是的

Yeah.

它会加入颜色、亮片或小饰品。

It'll have color or glitter or charms mixed into it.

人们在制作黏土时变得非常有创意。

People gotten very creative with their slimes.

玩起来很有趣，而且还会发出声音。

It's fun to play with, and it also has a sound.

你不觉得这样吗？

Not doing it for you?

不觉得。

No.

确实不是。

It's not.

它在做些不一样的事情。

It's doing something different.

事实上，你正往座位里缩。

In fact, you are shrinking in your seat.

我尽量离得远远的。

I get as far away from me as possible.

我不喜欢它。

I don't I don't like it.

你想玩吗？

Do you wanna play with it?

我的意思是

I mean

你为什么给我这个？

Why did you give It's me you.

你为什么给我这个放屁的？

Why did you give me the fart one?

我带这个来是因为，如果你现在在Instagram上搜索标签#ASMR，猜猜会有多少条帖子？

I brought this in because if you search hashtag ASMR on Instagram right now, guess how many posts come up?

六？

Six?

七百六十万。

Seven point six million.

天哪。

Oh my god.

而且，虽然不是绝大多数，但有不少视频都是人们正在做你现在做的事情。

And the vast not vast majority, but a number of them are videos of people doing exactly what you're doing right now.

只是玩弄 slime，发出这些令人满足的咯吱声。

Just manipulating slime and making these satisfying squishy sounds.

有没有一群人会体验到反 ASMR？

Are there groups of people who experience anti ASMR?

比如，我现在不仅没有感到放松，反而很不安，肚子还疼。

Like, instead of feeling soothed right now, I feel very unsettled and my belly hurts.

这被称为恐声症。

That would be called mis ophonia.

不同的节目。

Different episode.

我们想问问我们的科学家朱莉娅，黏土是否真的是ASMR的触发因素。

We wanted to ask our scientist Giulia if slime is a bonafide trigger for ASMR.

我的意思是，我想它们之间有一些相似之处。

I mean I guess there are parallels.

可能那些会体验ASMR的人在观看黏土视频时也会感受到ASMR。

Probably people who experience ASMR would experience ASMR when they're watching things like slime videos.

不过，我想说的是，不同类型的潮流之间实际上已经出现了很多交叉融合。

However, one thing I would say is that actually there's been quite a lot of interlocking between different kinds of trends.

所以ASMR、黏土和类似McBang的东西都彼此关联在一起。

So ASMR and slime and things like McBang have all kind of

顺便说一句，McBang起源于韩国。

Side note, McBang started in South Korea.

它直播人们边吃食物边用高质量麦克风与观众交谈。

It broadcast people eating food while talking to their audience with high quality microphones.

真是个噩梦。

What a nightmare.

互联网。

The internet.

黏液和类似McBang的东西几乎搭上了ASMR的顺风车。

Slime and things like McBang have almost piggybacked onto the ASMR trend.

当然。

Sure.

互联网上那些所谓的‘奇怪地令人满足’类别里都有什么？

What under the sometimes category on the internet of oddly satisfying?

是的。

Yeah.

或者#ASMR这个标签，因为我怀疑它是在借用ASMR这个术语来吸引人们观看视频。

Or the hashtag ASMR because I suspect it is piggybacking on ASMR as a kind of term to get people to watch videos.

所以当你看到有人，比如说，切肥皂或给饼干裱花的时候，嗯。

So when you see a video of someone, let's say, cutting soap or icing their cookie Mhmm.

哦，有人在玩非常漂亮的 slime，这可能让人感到异常满足，但如果你没有那种脑部刺痛感，那就不是 ASMR 在对你产生作用。

Oh, someone playing with really pretty slime, That may be oddly satisfying, but if you don't have the brain tingles, it's not ASMR that's talking to you.

同时，朱莉娅说，当 ASMR 越来越与 slime 视频之类的内容关联时，这可能会改变互联网上人们对它的理解。

At the same time, Giulia said that the more ASMR is linked to things like slime videos, that could change what it means for people on the Internet.

不过，她专注于科学领域，并提出了许多悬而未决的问题。

She's focused though on the world of science and has a lot of outstanding questions.

为什么有些人会体验到这种感觉，而其他人却不会？

Why do some people experience it and others don't?

为什么有些人体验到的强度比其他人更高？

Why do some people experience it at a higher intensity than others?

还有，这让我特别感兴趣的是，ASMR 对睡眠有什么影响？

And also, and this is really interesting to me, what is the effect of ASMR on sleep?

我们从轶事中知道，那些体验过 ASMR 的人会使用 YouTube 上的这些视频来帮助入睡。

So we know anecdotally that people who experience ASMR use these videos on YouTube to help them go to sleep.

我想问题是，为什么 ASMR 能帮助你入睡？

And I guess a question is, well, why does ASMR help you go to sleep?

关于睡眠，另一个重要问题是，它不仅帮助你入睡，还能提升你的睡眠质量吗？

And another important question with regards to sleep is, you know, does it not only help you get to sleep, but does it also improve the quality of your sleep?

所以对一些人来说，

So for some people,

这可能是现代版的数羊。

this might be like the modern day version of counting sheep.

谁说数羊了？

Who says counting sheep?

1999。

1,999.

998。

998.

再次感谢英国的朱莉娅·波里奥，特别感谢埃马纽埃尔·约翰逊和NPR的瓦妮莎·卡斯蒂略对本集的帮助。

Again to Giulia Poerio in The UK, and special thanks to Emmanuel Johnson and NPR's Vanessa Castillo for their help on this episode.

感谢艾米莉·昆ong，NPR科学部Shortwave节目的记者，以及有时主持Shortwave的‘黏腻’主持人。

And thank you, Emily Kwong, reporter for Shortwave here at NPR's Science Desk, and sometimes slimy host of Shortwave.

不客气。

You're welcome.

我是马迪·萨菲亚。

I'm Maddie Safia.

明天回来听我讲述深入华盛顿州雨林的旅程，我们将与一位致力于研究树冠层的先锋科学家一起在树间荡来荡去。

Come back tomorrow to hear my trip into the rainforest of Washington state, where we swing from the trees with a pioneering scientist who researches the canopy.

那里是一个完全不同的世界，她希望让更多女性科学家进入这个领域。

It's a whole another world up there, and she wants to get more female scientists into it.

明天敬请关注NPR的Shortwave节目。

That's tomorrow on shortwave from NPR.

NPR及以下内容的支持来自威廉和弗洛拉·休利特基金会，该基金会致力于投资富有创造力的思想者和问题解决者，帮助人们、社区和地球繁荣发展。

Support for NPR and the following message come from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, investing in creative thinkers and problem solvers who help people, communities, and the planet flourish.

更多信息请访问hewlett.org。

More information is available at hewlett.org.