SNP46：回顾今年对话中的六大关键洞见

你好，欢迎收听Sigma营养电台。

Hello, and welcome to Sigma Nutrition Radio.

你现在收听的是本播客的公开频道，今天你将听到的是我们一集付费专属节目的预览内容。

As you are currently listening on the public feed of the podcast, what you're gonna listen to today is a preview of one of our premium exclusive episodes.

这些完整版节目会发布在我们的Sigma Nutrition付费播客频道上。

These are episodes that we publish in their entirety on our Sigma Nutrition premium podcast feed.

因此，要收听完整内容，你需要成为Sigma Nutrition的付费订阅用户。

And, therefore, to listen to that in its entirety, you need to be a Sigma Nutrition premium subscriber.

成为付费用户还能享受诸多其他权益，包括详细的播客学习笔记、完整节目文字稿以及其他能帮助你从播客收听中获得更多收获的资料。

Being a premium subscriber also gives you a host of other benefits, including detailed study notes to our podcast episodes and full episode transcripts as well as other materials that help you get more from your podcast listening.

今天就请先试听这个预览版吧。

So take a listen to this preview today.

希望你喜欢。

I hope you enjoy it.

如果你想获取这些额外的完整版播客节目以及其他权益，请查看Sigma Nutrition Premium服务，你当前收听平台的信息栏或sigmanutrition.com/premium上都有相关链接。

And if you want to get these extra bonus podcast episodes in their entirety as well as those other benefits, then take a look at Sigma Nutrition Premium, which is linked in the description box wherever you're currently listening or over on sigmanutrition.com/premium.

看看是否适合你。

See if it's for you.

不妨试试看，我相信这能大大提升你从这些播客中学到并记住的内容。

Maybe give it a try, and I think it's really gonna enhance how much you learn and retain from these podcast episodes.

那么闲话少说，请享受今天这期节目的预览吧。

So without further ado, please enjoy this preview of today's episode.

你好，欢迎收听Sigma Nutrition Radio。

Hello, and welcome to Sigma Nutrition Radio.

我是Danny Lennon。

My name is Danny Lennon.

非常欢迎你收听这期播客。

You are very welcome to the podcast.

这是我们特别的高级会员专属节目之一。

This is one of our special premium exclusive episodes.

随着我们进入今年的最后一个月，我想回顾一下那些我们有幸从播客中杰出嘉宾身上学到的精彩内容，或许能快速重温其中至少几期节目。

And as we enter the final month of the year, I thought it might be useful to take a look back on some of the episodes that we've been lucky enough to learn from some of the incredible guests that have been on the podcast this year and maybe do a a quick review of at least a few of those episodes.

当然，由于单期节目的时间限制，我们无法全面回顾今年涵盖的所有内容。

Now, of course, for the time constraints of one particular episode, we won't have the ability to go through everything that was covered throughout the course of this year.

这个选择绝非意味着只有这些精选集值得回顾，而是出于时间考量，我特别挑选了一些话题特别有趣、当时反响热烈或被认为特别实用的节目。

And certainly, this selection isn't to be seen as some type of ranking of the only episodes that were worth having a review over, but rather for time constraints, I just picked out some that had particularly interesting topics and that at the time were well received or people pointed to as being particularly useful.

因此在我们回顾过程中，如果某个话题引起你的兴趣，或许会促使你重新完整收听那期节目——在那里你自然能获得更全面的背景和更丰富的信息。

So as we go through this, if any of the particular topics are of interest to you, maybe it might prompt a re listen to any of these episodes in their entirety where, of course, you'll get much more context and much more information.

但也可能你曾错过某些内容，或当时决定不听某期节目，而现在它可能恰好显得很有价值。

But also maybe you might have missed some of these or at the time decided not to listen to a particular episode, and it might stand out as one that is useful.

即便不是这样，这次回顾或许能帮你串联起我们已发布的其他节目——也就是今天要讨论的内容——从而尝试将这些信息联系起来。

And if not, it might just serve as something that is able to connect to other episodes that we have put out and that we're gonna discuss here today as a way to try and link some of this information together.

希望这种形式能有效帮你重温已学过的概念，或是今天初次接触的知识点。

And so, hopefully, it's a useful way to recap over some concepts that have been covered, things that you may have learned throughout your listening, or maybe are coming across for the first time today.

但无论如何，这就是本期节目的核心目标。

But nevertheless, all of that is the goal of this particular episode.

当然，如果你愿意，还可以通过文字稿以文本形式回顾这些内容。

Of course, you'll have a transcript to go back and recap over these things in text form if you wish.

对于任何特别突出的单集节目，如果你想获取详细信息，请记住你的高级仪表板中有每集的学习笔记，你可以回顾并获取我今天将在这里介绍的更多细节内容。

For any of the particular episodes that stand out, if you do wanna go and get details on them, then remember you do have the study notes to each of these episodes in your premium dashboard, and you'll be able to go back, get more of the details that I'll be covering here today.

我会把今天要讨论的节目清单放在描述框里。

So I'll put a list of the episodes that we'll talk about here today in the description box.

就像我说的，如果其中有任何一集特别吸引你，你可以查阅学习笔记快速回顾，或者甚至完整重听整集节目，如果你愿意的话。

And like I said, if any of those do stand out, you can consult either your study notes to recap quickly or maybe even you might put down the full episode to go and relisten if you wish.

不过，我们这就开始吧。

But nevertheless, let's get into it.

我想首先提到的第一集节目，是与一位总是非常受欢迎的嘉宾合作的，因为他不仅具有出色的能力来传达现有研究成果，而且在营养科学研究领域享有崇高声誉，这位嘉宾就是克里斯托弗·加德纳教授。

And the first episode that I wanted to start with is one that was with one of the guests that is always a very popular choice given his incredible ability to communicate the research that's out there, but also the high esteem he has held within nutrition science research, and that is professor Christopher Gardner.

但我认为这集节目之所以让许多听众印象深刻，是因为它揭开了膳食指南咨询委员会工作流程的部分面纱，这个委员会由加德纳博士参与其中。

But this particular episode, I think, stood out to a lot of listeners because it pulled back a bit of a veil as to some of the process that went into the dietary guidelines advisory committee that Doctor.

加德纳参与其中，并展示了制定这些建议的部分工作过程，这些建议随后会进一步提交给负责制定膳食指南的团队。

Gardner was a part of and some of the work that goes on in putting in place some of those recommendations that would then further down the line be go on and be sent to those putting together the dietary guidelines.

因为有时如果我们听多了网络上的各种说法，可能会以为这些膳食指南是由一群与世隔绝的人随意制定的，但实际上这个公开透明的过程以及公众参与互动的机会非常有趣。

Because sometimes if we listen to enough narratives online, we may just assume that these dietary guidelines are set up by a group of people in a room shut off from everywhere else and doing as they wish, whereas really that open transparent process and the ability for the public to interact with this was quite interesting.

我认为营养科学中的一个核心矛盾在于证据生成与证据转化之间的鸿沟。

So, I think one of the central tensions that we have in nutrition science is this gap between evidence generation and evidence translation.

在与加德纳教授的那期节目中，我们见证了这一点，幸运的是他在这两方面都有涉足——既是深入从事基础研究的研究者，又具备公众传播能力，还能通过膳食指南咨询委员会的职位参与政策互动，这正是我们在那期节目中所讨论的。

And in that particular episode with Professor Gardner, we saw this play out, and we were lucky enough that he has a foot in both sides of this, a researcher that's deeply engaged in doing that primary work, but also has this public communication side and also his ability then to interact with policy through his role with the dietary guidelines advisory committee that we were discussing in that episode.

因此，他对这些问题的看法对揭示公共营养政策很有价值，提出了这些政策究竟有多少证据支持的问题，以及在受政治因素、文化背景、经济约束等影响的领域中，'基于证据'这一概念本身意味着什么。

And so his perspective on much of this was useful for shining a light on public nutrition policy, asking that question of how evidence based is that, what evidence based even means in the context of something that is also shaped by political factors, cultural aspects, economic constraints and so on.

我认为讨论中特别有价值的是一个方法论观点（这点常被低估）：膳食指南主要依据的是营养流行病学研究，而非随机对照试验。

One of the things that I thought was really useful in that discussion was actually a methodological point that maybe sometimes goes a bit underappreciated, that the dietary guidelines are built primarily from nutritional epidemiology as opposed to randomized controlled trials.

这并非如某些人所说的那样是个缺陷。

Now this isn't a flaw that it's sometimes made out to be.

这实际上是出于现实考量，因为以硬终点为指标的长期饮食试验成本极高、难以持续，且涉及复杂的伦理问题。

It's rather a function of practicality because long term diet trials with hard endpoints are incredibly expensive, hard to sustain, they're very ethically complex.

对于我们面临的许多饮食与疾病关系问题，根本不可能进行某些人所鼓吹的那种随机对照试验——即必须通过RCT才能断言因果关系。

And for a number of the diet disease questions that we have, they're just basically impossible to get the types of trials that some people clamor for, that it needs to be an RCT to make any decision to be able to say something causes something else.

但正如我和艾伦在多期节目中讨论营养科学（特别是营养流行病学）时指出的：我们确实不得不严重依赖队列数据，并从中推断因果关系。

But as we've discussed in many of the episodes where Alan and I have gone into some of the aspects around nutrition science broadly and then nutrition epidemiology specifically is that we do have to lean quite heavily on cohort data and infer causality from that.

但这实际上可以非常、非常有价值且富有成效。

But that is actually can be very, very useful and can be very fruitful.

对于营养学中的许多研究问题来说，这种方法再合适不过。

And for many of the research questions in nutrition is more than appropriate.

这正是我们应该采用的方式，因此前瞻性队列研究数据显得尤为重要。

It's the way we should be going about it, hence the utility of particularly prospective cohort study data.

Gardner博士提到的关键点之一就是通过三角验证法推断因果关系，或者像我们在其他集数中讨论过的，通过多条证据线索的汇聚来确认。

And one of the things that doctor Gardner brought up was doing that and inferring causality via triangulation triangulation or, as we've talked about in other episodes, these converging lines of evidence.

因此，虽然表面上我们观察到的可能是关联性，但这些关联具有一致性、生物学合理性，得到多种机制支持，并满足所有其他评判标准。

And so whilst we are looking essentially when we look at it on the surface, we might be saying we're looking at associations here, but we're also looking at associations that are consistent, that are biologically plausible, that are supported by various mechanisms, that have all the other criteria.

感谢收听本期会员专享集的预览内容，完整版可在Sigma Nutrition会员频道收听。

Thanks for listening in to this preview of one of our premium exclusive episodes that you can listen to in their entirety over on the Sigma Nutrition premium feed.

若想成为Sigma Nutrition会员（享有多重权益，包括这些会员专享集、提问机会——我们会在'你问我答'特辑中解答），

And if you wanna become a Sigma Nutrition premium subscriber, which gives you a number of benefits, including not only these premium exclusive episodes, but also access to ask questions, which we answer on our ask me anything episodes.

最重要的是还能获得我们为所有播客节目准备的详细学习笔记：包含每集核心观点概述、提及概念的深度解析、辅助理解的图表等，既能帮助复习内容，又能深入理解知识要点。

And then most of all, our detailed study notes that we give to all our podcast episodes where you get an overview of the key ideas that were mentioned throughout the episode, more detailed explanations of certain concepts that might have been mentioned, graphs, diagrams, etcetera that help explain the content in a bit more detail, and it help you both recap over what you've heard, but also learn a bit more about it in detail so it really makes sense.

如果你想尝试这些功能并体验Sigma Nutrition高级会员服务，请点击当前收听平台描述框中的链接，或直接访问sigmanutrition.com/premium。

So if you would like to try out some of these features and give Sigma Nutrition Premium a go, then click the link that is in the description box wherever you're currently listening right now, or alternatively, just go to sigmanutrition.com/premium.

看看吧。

Take a look.

不妨试一试。

Maybe give it a try.

看看是否适合你，我真心认为这将帮助你从这些节目中学到更多。

See if it's for you, and, I really think it will help enhance the learning that you get from these episodes.

如果你通过播客学习来提升营养科学知识，那么这将是完善你收听体验的绝佳补充。

So if you do use your podcast learning as a way to enhance your education around nutrition science, then, I think this will be the perfect adjunct to your listening.

这就是Sigma Nutrition高级会员服务。

So that is Sigma Nutrition Premium.

如果你觉得可能对你有用，不妨试试看。

Give it a try if you feel it might be useful to you.

感谢收听本期节目的预览内容。

Thanks for listening to this preview of today's episode.

我们下周将带来另一期播客节目，希望你能继续收听。

We'll be back with another podcast episode next week, so I hope you rejoin us for that.

在此期间，祝你一周愉快。

And in the meantime, have a great week.

注意安全，保重身体。

Stay safe, and take care.