2017年《你该知道的事》精选集 第一卷

今天在《你该知道的事》节目中，让我们回顾过去一年中最有趣的时刻，包括如何让自己变得更聪明。

Today on Something You Should Know, a look back at some of the most interesting moments from the past year, including how to make yourself smarter.

变得更聪明有一个相当直接的公式，那就是培养更聪明的习惯。

There's a fairly straightforward formula to being smarter, and that formula involves developing smarter habits.

此外，如果你相信迷信，它们实际上可能有效。

Then, if you believe in superstitions, they may actually work.

有研究表明，那些认为自己使用的是幸运高尔夫球的人，进球成功率提高了35%。

There is research showing that people who thought they were using a lucky golf ball sunk 35% more golf cuts.

而且，社交媒体营销可能并没有人们想象的那么有效。

Also, social media marketing may not be all it's cracked up to be.

绝大多数的口碑传播仍然发生在现实世界中，是线下的、面对面的交流。

The overwhelming amount of word-of-mouth that takes place is still in the real world, offline, face to face.

为什么白日做梦和注意力不集中可能是解决问题的最佳方式。

And why daydreaming and being unfocused may be the best way to solve a problem.

当你注意力不集中时，实际上是在让你的专注大脑得到休息，这样当需要专注时，你就能达到最佳的专注状态。

When you are unfocused, it actually helps give your focused brain a rest so that when it's time to focus, you can focus optimally as well.

所有这些内容，尽在《你应该知道的事》。

All this today on something you should know.

《你应该知道的事》——带来精彩资讯、世界顶尖专家的见解，以及你今天就能用上的实用建议，这里是迈克·卡鲁瑟斯为您主持的《你应该知道的事》。

Something you should know, fascinating intel, the world's top experts, and practical advice you can use in your life today, something you should know with Mike Carruthers.

你好。

Hi.

圣诞快乐。

Merry Christmas.

节日快乐，你好。

Happy holidays, and hello.

随着2017年即将结束，加之假期临近，我觉得本周是时候回顾一下我们这个节目在过去一年中发现的一些精彩见解了。

As 2017 draws to a close and because of the holiday, I thought this week would be a good time to recap some of the fascinating intel that we've uncovered in this program during the past year.

因此，本期和下一期将为您精选过去一年节目中那些真正精彩的亮点，首先是关于如何变得更聪明。

So, this episode and the next one will contain highlights, you know, those real juicy nuggets from shows during the past year, beginning with how to become smarter.

这段内容来自第46期节目，医生。

This is from episode 46, Doctor.

阿尔特·马尔克曼。

Art Markman.

他是一位哲学博士。

He's a Ph.

博士。

D.

他是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学和市场营销教授，也是《聪明思维》一书的作者。

Professor of psychology and marketing at the University of Texas at Austin and author of the book, Smart Thinking.

他解释了为什么有些人比其他人更聪明，以及我们每个人如何变得更聪明。

And he explains how and why some people are smarter than others and how we can all be smarter.

人们确实拥有一些有助于获取良好知识的特质。

There are definitely characteristics that people have that enable them to acquire good knowledge.

有些人天生充满好奇心，他们会主动去阅读刚听说的故事，或向他人提出很多问题。

So there are certain people that we think of as being inherently curious, And those are people who will go out of their way to read more on some story that they've just heard about or to ask a lot of questions of people.

但即使你的天性并不倾向于主动获取这类知识，这些能力也是可以培养的，习惯也是可以养成的。

But even if your natural tendency isn't to go out of your way to pick up knowledge like this, these are skills that you can develop and habits that you can acquire.

能够进行明智思考的优势是什么？

The advantage to being able to do smart thinking is what?

你能更好地解决问题吗？

You're able to solve problems better?

我的意思是，更聪明有什么好处？尽管这个问题看起来再明显不过了。

I mean, what what's the advantage to being smarter as obvious a question as that may seem?

成为更聪明的人有许多优势。

Well, there are a number of advantages to to being smarter.

事实上，我们经常处于这样的情况：过去尝试过的解决问题的方法不再有效。

The fact is that we are often in situations in which the the the answers to problems that we've tried in the past don't work for us.

因此，商业领域的人们不断试图创新。

And so, people in in business are constantly trying to innovate.

这是当前最热门的词汇。

That's the huge buzzword.

然而，创新要求以不同于以往的方式做事，而这确实需要这种明智的思考。

And yet innovation requires doing things differently than they've been done in the past, and and that really requires this kind of smart thinking.

但这种思维模式会渗透到每一个有难题需要解决的人身上。

But this filters all the way down to anyone who has a problem to solve.

如果你在修车，那你就需要了解汽车的工作原理。

If you're trying to fix your car, then you need to know something about the way your car works.

如果你不懂汽车是怎么工作的，那你就会束手无策。

And if you don't understand the way the car works, you're sunk.

那么，有没有一条通往更聪明思考的路径呢？

So is is there a path to smarter thinking?

当然有。

Absolutely.

我在书中提到的一点是，变得更聪明有一个相当直接的公式。

One of the things that I talk about in the book is that there's a a fairly straightforward formula to to being smarter.

这个公式涉及培养更聪明的习惯。

And that formula involves developing smarter habits.

这些习惯包括更有效地学习，或者创造我所说的高质量知识，然后在需要时制定策略来运用这些知识。

And those habits are to to learn more effectively or to create what I call high quality knowledge and then to develop strategies to use that knowledge when you need it.

高质量的知识是指那些能告诉你世界如何运作的知识。

And high quality knowledge means knowledge that you have that that tells you how the world works.

这本质上是一种能让你回答‘为什么’问题的知识。

That's essentially knowledge that allows you to answer the question why.

在需要时运用这些知识，意味着能够通过真正抓住问题的本质来描述你所面临的问题。

And using that knowledge when you need it means being able to describe the problem that you are facing by really finding the essence of that problem.

也就是说，面对你要解决的问题时，不要只是沿用过去每个人的做法，而是要深入探究，试图理解这个问题核心的本质。

That is looking at the problem you're trying to solve and not just trying to solve it the way that everyone has in the past, but rather really looking deeply into it and trying to understand what is the nature of that problem at its core.

你能给我举个例子吗？

Can you give me an example?

当然可以。

Absolutely.

我在书的开篇就举了一个例子，就是詹姆斯·戴森在二十世纪七十年代注意到，他吸尘时，吸尘器的袋子会堵塞，导致吸力下降。

So one of the examples I use right at the front end of the book is is James Dyson who noticed in the nineteen seventies that when he vacuumed, that the vacuum cleaner would would the bag would clog and it would lose suction.

在此之前，几乎所有研究吸尘器的人，都会试图改进袋子，想办法做出更不容易堵塞的袋子。

And almost everyone who played around with vacuums before that would try to fix the bag, would try and make a more effective bag that wouldn't clog as as much.

戴森所做的，是问：吸尘器试图解决的核心问题是什么？

And what Dyson did was to say, what is the essence of the problem that a vacuum is trying to solve?

这个问题的核心不仅仅是制造一个更好的袋子。

The essence of the problem isn't just trying to build a better bag.

而是要将被吸入吸尘器的灰尘和空气的混合物分离开来。

It's trying to take the combination of dirt and air that gets sucked into the vacuum and separate the dirt from the air.

有很多不用袋子的方法可以实现分离。

And there are lots of ways of separating things that don't involve bags.

然后他恰好了解锯木厂的工作原理。

And then he happened to know about the way that sawmills work.

锯木厂使用工业旋风分离器，而它里面并没有袋子。

Sawmills use an industrial cyclone and that doesn't have a bag in it.

空气进入一个大型圆锥体，形成旋风，灰尘被甩到圆筒壁上，然后掉入收集容器中，他由此制造了一个微型工业旋风分离器，并将其安装在吸尘器里，这是一个相当聪明的解决方案。

Instead, the air comes in to a large cone, a cyclone gets created and the the dust gets pushed to the side of the cylinder and then falls down into a receptacle and he created a miniature industrial cyclone and stuck it in a vacuum cleaner and that was a pretty smart solution.

那我怎样才能变得更聪明呢？

So how can I become smarter?

当然。

Sure.

要变得更聪明，你首先需要每天努力提升知识的质量。

The first thing that you need to do to be to get smarter is to is to work daily to improve the quality of your knowledge.

这意味着，每当你遇到新事物时，都需要理解它的运作方式。

So that means that whenever you encounter something new, you need to understand the way it works.

而确保你理解其运作方式的最佳方法，就是在过程中尝试向自己解释它。

And the best way to make sure that you understand the way it works is to try and explain it to yourself as you go along.

所以，如果你听到别人给出了一个很好的解释，试着复述出来，或者把它写下来，或者随身携带一个小型录音设备，大声说出你刚接触到的事物的解释。

So if you hear somebody give a really good explanation, try and repeat it back or or write it down or carry one of those little digital recorders and just say out loud the explanation to something you just encountered.

如果你能一贯这样做，你的知识水平就会得到提升。

And if you do that consistently, you will improve the knowledge that you have.

其次，你可以花时间仔细观察你周围的问题，尝试找出是否有其他方式来描述这些问题，从而揭示问题的另一种本质，并引导你找到不同的解决路径或你可能拥有的其他知识来帮助你解决它。

And then the second thing that you can do is to spend time really looking at the problems that surround you and try and figure out whether there are other ways of describing that problem that might that might provide another essence to that problem and suggest a different path or different knowledge that you might have that might help you to solve it.

但即使这样，也不能保证一定成功。

But even that doesn't necessarily ensure success.

这只是解决问题的另一种方式。

It's just another way to solve a problem.

它可能并不是更好的方法。

It might might not be a better way.

它可能只是另一种方式。

It might just be another way.

没错。

Well, that's right.

但实际上，如果你仔细观察我们认为是聪明思维的许多事情，它们都涉及找到那些长期以相同方式处理问题的替代方法。

But in fact, if you look carefully at lots of the things that we think of as being smart thinking, they involve finding alternate ways of doing things that had been done in the same way for a long time.

你知道，不幸的是，如果我们看看我们的教育体系，我们会花大量时间试图告诉人们，问题都有一个正确答案。

You know, unfortunately, if you look at our education system, we spend a lot of time trying to teach people that there's a correct answer to problems.

从某种意义上说，我们从数学中得出了一个错误的类比。

In some sense, we draw a bad analogy from math.

大多数数学问题确实只有一个答案，你的任务就是找到它。

Most math problems really do have a single answer and your job is to find it.

但在几乎生活的其他领域，一个问题并没有唯一答案。

But in almost every other walk of life, there isn't one answer to a problem.

有很多答案，而每个答案都可能有一些优势和一些不足。

There are many and each answer is likely to have some strengths and some weaknesses.

你发现多种解决方案并能在新情境中运用这些方案的能力越强，从长远来看，你就越有可能做出让别人觉得你很聪明的事情。

And the better your ability to find a multiple, sort of multiple sources of solutions and and to use those solutions in in new situations, the more likely you are in the long run to do things that other people look at and think we're smart.

也许还能发明出更好的捕鼠器。

And maybe come up and build a better build a better mousetrap.

当然。

Absolutely.

也许还能靠这个赚上十亿美元。

And maybe make a bazillion dollars doing it.

正如人们所说，如果你真的造出了更好的捕鼠器，世界会主动走到你门口来。

If you build as they say, if you build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to your door.

这是来自德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的阿特·马克曼教授。

That is Professor Art Markman from the University of Texas at Austin.

他是《明智思考》一书的作者。

He is author of the book, Smart Thinking.

如果你想收听完整的访谈，只需访问我们的网站 somethingyoushouldknow.net，所有节目都在那里，按编号排列，第46期就是Art Markman参与的那一期。

And if you'd like to hear the entire interview, you just go to our website, somethingyoushouldknow.net, and all the episodes are there, they're numbered, and episode number 46 is the one Art Markman was in.

我特别喜欢的一次讨论是关于魔法思维的。

A discussion I enjoyed a lot was was the one about magical thinking.

我想是因为，是的，我一直以为可能只有我会这样，但结果发现很多人都在进行魔法思维。

I guess because, yeah, I always thought maybe I was the only one that did it, but turns out a lot of people engage in magical thinking.

比如敲木头、佩戴幸运符或者穿幸运毛衣之类的。

You know, it's it's like knocking on wood or having a lucky charm or a lucky sweater.

Matthew Hudson 研究过这种魔法思维现象。

Matthew Hudson has studied this phenomenon of magical thinking.

他写了一本叫《魔法思维的七条法则》的书，并作为我的嘉宾出现在第51期节目中，详细讨论了什么是魔法思维。

And he wrote a book called the seven laws of magical thinking and and was my guest in episode 51, where he discussed exactly what magical thinking is.

我给出的技术性定义是：将心理属性归因于非心理现象，反之亦然。

The technical definition that I give is the attribution of mental properties to nonmental phenomena and vice versa.

例如，认为自然事件具有某种目的，或者认为你的思想对世界具有某种力量。

So for instance, believing that natural events, have a purpose to them or believing that your thoughts have some sort of force over the world.

魔法思维的例子包括对运气、命运、业力、本质或意念控制物质的信仰，诸如此类。

So examples of magical thinking would include belief in luck or destiny or karma or essences or mind over matter, that sort of thing.

甚至只是幸运符。

Or even just good luck charms.

没错。

Exactly.

是的。

Yeah.

各种迷信信仰和仪式。

All kinds of superstitious beliefs and rituals.

每个人、每种文化都会以某种方式参与其中吗？

Does everybody and does every culture engage in this somehow?

是的。

Yes.

据我所知，每一种文化都有某些魔法、宗教仪式、信仰和传统。

As far as I know, every every culture has certain, magical and and religious rituals and beliefs and traditions.

而且每个人都有相信这类事物的倾向。

And every individual person has a tendency to believe in these sorts of things.

即使他们否认，即使你自称是怀疑论者，你还是会发现自己做一些小的幸运仪式，或者觉得事情的发生都有其原因。

Even if they deny it, even if you call yourself a skeptic, you'll still find yourself doing little lucky rituals or feeling like something happened for a reason.

有什么理由认为这些真的有效吗？

Is there any reason to think it works?

嗯，我不相信真正的魔法，所以我认为这些东西并不像人们有时以为的那样起作用。

Well, I I don't believe in real magic, so I don't think these things work the way that, people sometimes think they do.

但魔法思维能带来一种掌控感，也能让你感觉更幸运。

But, magical thinking can provide a sense of control, and it can and it can make you feel lucky.

例如，如果你进行一个小仪式，它可能会增强你的自信心，从而带来更好的表现，而真正的运气出现时，你会觉得仪式或幸运符确实产生了影响。

For instance, if you perform a little ritual, it can increase your self confidence, and then that might lead to better performance and actual luck, will then feel like ritual or the lucky charm had some effect.

有研究显示，那些以为自己用的是幸运高尔夫球的人，比那些以为自己用的是普通高尔夫球的人多进了35%的推杆。

And there is research showing that people who thought they were using a lucky golf ball, sunk 35% more golf putts than people who thought they were using a normal golf ball.

这太有趣了。

Now that's fascinating.

这怎么可能呢？

How how could that be?

嗯，这个

Well, the

研究者提出，这能提升自我效能感。

researcher proposed that it increases self efficacy.

所以，如果你认为自己在用一个幸运的高尔夫球，你就会预期自己表现良好，从而放松下来，实际表现也确实更好。

So if you think that you're using a golf a lucky golf ball, then you expect to perform well, and then it relaxes you, and then you actually do perform better.

即使那些人并不真正相信，也多少有点信了。

Even the people who don't necessarily believe it sort of believe it.

这就是论点，没错。

That's the argument, yes.

很多魔法思维都是潜意识的。

A lot of magical thinking is subconscious.

所以，即使你并不认为自己相信这些事情，这些期望仍可能对你的行为产生微妙的潜意识影响。

So even if you don't think that you believe in these things, these expectations can have sort of subtle subconscious effects on your behavior.

像这样谈论它会破坏它的效果吗？

Does talking about it like this ruin it?

我认为目前还没有太多研究探讨谈论认知偏差是否真的能减少它们。

I think there hasn't been a lot of research on whether talking about cognitive biases can actually reduce them.

因此，有可能当你提高警惕、意识到某些幻觉并认识到它们只是幻觉时，你就更不容易受到它们的影响。

So it's possible that if your defenses are up and you're aware of certain illusions and you realize that they're illusions, then you're less susceptible to them.

另一方面，即使你了解这些偏差并时刻留意，它们仍可能在你的生活中发挥作用。

On the other hand, it's possible that even if you know about them and you're on look lookout for them, they will still play a role in your life.

有没有人——你有没有做过这样的研究：询问那些承认自己某种程度上相信这些的人，比如他们有幸运数字、仪式或幸运符，然后问他们：你真的认为它有效吗？

Has anyone maybe you have or anyone done the research where you ask people who who admit that they believe in it to some extent, where they have lucky numbers or they have a ritual or they have a good luck charm, and then ask them, do you really think it works?

他们的回答有什么不同？

And and what's the difference in the in the answers?

我认为很多人会说：我不相信我做的这些小事真的有效。

I think that a lot a lot of people will say, I don't believe that this little thing that I do works.

我不认为这是魔法。

I don't believe that it's magic.

我觉得这全是胡扯，但我还是照做，以防万一。

I think that's that's all BS, but I do it anyway just in case.

比如，我个人会敲木头。

For instance, personally, I I knock on wood.

我知道这大概对任何事情都没有实际影响，但它仍能给我心理安慰。

I know that it it probably has no, physical effect on on anything, but it still gives me peace of mind.

所以我还是这么做，因为你知道，没什么坏处。

So I do it anyway because, you know, no harm.

如果这种现象跨越文化，而且如你所说，几乎每个文化中都有，那几乎没有地方不发生这种事。

And if this stuff crosses cultures and and as you say, it's probably in every culture, there aren't a lot of places where this doesn't happen.

这说明了什么？

What does that say?

这是人类天性需要这种东西吗？

Is it human nature to need this?

这似乎是人类的天性。

It seems that it is human nature.

魔法思维源于非常基本的认知偏见、思维中的基本机制和习惯。

Magical thinking is a is a result of very basic cognitive biases, very basic mechanisms and habits of mind.

它还受到人类基本动机的影响，比如希望对环境有所掌控，希望生活有意义，希望自己的存在有目的。

And it also is influenced by very basic human motivations, the desire to feel some sort of control over your environment, the desire to feel like life is meaningful, and that there's a purpose to your to your existence.

因此，导致魔法思维的思维习惯，以及相信魔法的渴望，两者都是如此。

So both the the habits of thinking that lead to magical thinking and the desire to believe in magic.

这两者都是普遍存在的。

Both of those are universal.

不过你说的，这不仅仅是像我有幸运数字、也许它们会中奖之类的简单情况。

You talk though I mean, it it it's more than just the, you know, I've got lucky numbers and maybe they'll win kind of thing.

我的意思是，你在书中提到约翰·列侬的钢琴，这种魔法思维会让一架钢琴或其他任何例子产生真实的金钱价值。

I mean, you talk about John Lennon's piano in the book about I mean, that kind of magical thinking attaches value to a piano or any other example you want to use that that's real dollars.

是的。

Yes.

魔法思维确实具有非常真实的经济影响。

Magical thinking does have very real, economic implications.

整个名人纪念品产业，人们为电影明星或摇滚明星拥有或接触过的物品支付巨额金钱。

The whole industry of celebrity memorabilia, people paying a lot of money for something that a movie star or a rock star owned or touched.

所以，是的，你可以看到人们多么强烈地相信这些事物，并为之标上价格。

So, yes, that you can see how you can put a dollar sign on how strongly people believe in these sorts of things.

是的。

Yeah.

因为，我们来谈谈约翰·列侬的钢琴。

Because, you know, let's talk about John Lennon's piano.

我的意思是，这架钢琴作为一架普通钢琴的价值并不特别出众。

I mean, the value of that piano just as a piano wasn't particularly spectacular.

如果约翰·列侬的钢琴没有特殊的历史，如果不是约翰·列侬的钢琴，或者人们不知道它是约翰·列侬的钢琴，它就只是一架普通的旧钢琴，上面有些凹痕，没人会在意。

If John Lennon's piano had no special history, if it were not John Lennon's piano or if people didn't know that it was John Lennon's piano, it would just be a regular old piano with some dings in it, no one would care.

但因为它有这段历史——《想象》这首歌就是在这架钢琴上创作的，它最终以数百万美元的价格售出，当人们围绕它、触摸它时，会获得极大的灵感。

But the fact that it had this history of being the the piano that the song Imagine was written on, it it sold for a couple of million dollars, and it gives people a lot of inspiration when they when they're around it and they get to touch it.

所以，从某种意义上说，相信它就会让它成真。

So believing it makes it so in a sense.

我的意思是，如果你相信这些东西，无论你是否承认，相信它就会让它成真。

I mean, if you believe this stuff, whether you admit it or not, believing in it makes it so.

既然如此，它就成了我们的一部分。

And since it is so, it's part of who we are.

这其中很多都是自我实现的预言。

A lot of this is a self fulfilling prophecy.

如果你相信某件事能提升你在特定情境下的表现，那么你的信念就会体现在你的行为中，因此你的期望在某种意义上就变成了现实。

If you believe that something will increase your performance in a certain situation, then your beliefs play out in your own behavior, And so your expectations, in a sense become real.

这来自第51期节目，我与《魔法思维的七条法则》作者马修·哈德森的对话。

And that's from episode 51, my conversation with Matthew Hudson, author of the seven laws of magical thinking.

你可以在第51期节目中收听完整的访谈。

You can hear the whole interview in episode 51.

我和我妻子刚注册了HelloFresh，它彻底改变了我们家的饮食方式。

My wife and I just signed up for HelloFresh, and it has changed the way we eat in our house.

让我告诉你我们刚开始时发生了什么。

Let me tell you what happened when we got started.

这个盒子被送到我家门口，里面装着几顿饭的所有食材。

This box got delivered to my front door with all the ingredients for several meals.

我只需要选一道菜，然后开始做就行了。

All I did was pick a meal and get started.

我选了配彩椒和菲达奶酪碎的香辣西南风味鸡肉。

I picked sizzling southwestern chicken with bell peppers and feta crumble.

这听起来可能有点吓人，但食谱卡片非常容易遵循。

Now that may sound daunting, but the recipe card was easy to follow.

我切了一些新鲜漂亮的蔬菜，烤了鸡肉，切了香草，把所有东西组合在一起，三十分钟后，我就做出了一顿美味的餐厅级餐点，大家都很喜欢，每顿饭大约只花了10美元。

I chopped some beautiful fresh produce, roasted the chicken, chopped the herbs, put it all together, and thirty minutes later I had a delicious restaurant quality meal everyone loved, all for about $10 a meal.

还有一件事你应该知道：HelloFresh 让一切都变得简单便捷。

And here's something you should know: HelloFresh makes everything simple and convenient.

你可以选择配送日期，所有食材都已预先称量好，并且有三种计划可选：经典版、素食版或家庭版。

You choose the delivery date, all the ingredients come pre measured, and there are three plans to choose from: the classic, vegetarian, or family plan.

这些餐食质量非常高，营养丰富，味道绝佳！

These are really high quality, nutritious meals that taste amazing!

你一定要试试HelloFresh！

You have got to try HelloFresh!

它会改变你的饮食方式，而且首周立减30美元。

It'll change the way you eat, and you get $30 off your first week.

请前往hellofresh.com并使用促销码something 30。

Just go to hellofresh.com and use the promo code something 30.

就是hellofresh.com，促销码something 30，首周立减30美元。

That's hellofresh.com promo code something 30 for $30 off your first week.

在第65集中，我进行了一次关于社交媒体的启发性对话。

In episode 65, I had an eye opening conversation about social media.

因为你知道，社交媒体被炒得沸沸扬扬，尤其是年轻人，似乎社交媒体才是接触他们的唯一途径。

Because, you know, there's so much hype about social media and how if you especially young people, that social media is how you reach them.

但别急着下结论。

Well, not so fast.

营销顾问埃德·凯勒对此进行了大量研究。

Marketing consultant Ed Keller has done a lot of research on this.

事实上，他写了一本名为《面对面》的书，解释了社交媒体有效和无效的地方。

In fact, he wrote a book called the face to face book, and he explains how social media does and doesn't work.

我们的基本观点是，全国乃至全球正在发生一场极其强大的社交浪潮，消费者越来越倾向于向彼此寻求建议和推荐。

Our basic premise is that there is an enormously powerful social wave taking place across the country and, in fact, around the world where consumers increasingly turn to each other for advice and recommendations.

我们信任朋友、家人，信任那些我们认识并有个人联系的人，绝大多数的口碑传播仍然发生在现实世界的线下面对面交流中。

We trust our friends, we trust our family, we trust people we know and with whom we have personal connections, that the overwhelming amount of word-of-mouth that takes place is still in the real world offline face to face.

尽管在线社交媒体现在备受关注并发挥着一定作用，但它只是口碑传播总量中的一小部分。

And while online social media is getting a lot of attention now and it plays a role, it is a small fraction of the total volume of word-of-mouth.

我们试图鼓励品牌、媒体及其代理机构采取全面的社交视角，理解消费者进行对话的所有场所，并从这些对话发生的时间、地点和方式出发来思考营销策略和执行，而这些对话仍然主要发生在线下，且最有力的方式仍是面对面交流。

And what we try to do is encourage brands and media and their agencies to understand and take a total social perspective, understand all the places where consumers engage in conversation and think about marketing strategies and marketing execution from the perspective of how, when and where those conversations take place and they still take place predominantly offline and most powerfully face to face.

但我想象这不仅适用于品牌、公司和代理机构，也适用于普通人。

But I would imagine that this applies not only to brands and corporations and agencies, but but to people too.

这同样完全适用于个人。

It absolutely applies to people as well.

当我们谈论口碑时，告诉人们大多数对话仍然发生在面对面的场合，人们通常会立刻反应说：这真有意思，因为如果我回想自己的生活，确实就是这样，但我总在媒体上看到大量关于各种在线社交网站的报道，无论是Facebook、Twitter，还是其他新兴技术，于是开始以为世界其他地方可能都是这样运作的。

And it's very interesting when we we give talks about word-of-mouth and we tell people that most conversations still take place face to face, an immediate reaction from many is, that's so interesting because if I think about my own life, that's how I live my life, but I just see so much in the press about the various online social networking sites, whether it's Facebook, whether it's Twitter, or whatever the newest technologies that come along, and I begin to think that well, maybe that's how the rest of the world operates.

因此，当他们得知我们的研究结果与自己的生活和亲身经历一致时，会感到安心。

So they find it comforting to know that the research that we've done is consistent with their own lives and their own personal experiences.

我认为每个人在某种程度上都明白，在自己的生活中，面对面交流更好，但电子邮件和短信在很多情况下确实更方便。

And I think everybody kind of knows that on some level that in their own life that face to face is better, but email and texting is kind of an easy way out in a lot of cases.

你知道，技术就是为了被使用，它确实为许多人提供了便利，但我认为，如果你想在个人生活或事业中更具说服力，那么最有效的方式仍然是面对面交流。

Well, you know, technology is there to be used, and it certainly is a it's it's a convenience for many people, but I also think if you want to be persuasive in your personal life, in your business life, then the best way to persuade people is to do it face to face.

你不仅能像通过邮件、短信或其他在线工具那样传达文字信息，还能传达各种只有在面对面交流时才能充分表达的情感。

You not only then get to communicate words as you can through email or through text or through other online tools, but you get to communicate all sorts of emotions that are best expressed when we're face to face with each other.

人们会捕捉到非语言的线索。

There's nonverbal cues that people pick up.

比如挑眉、真情流露等机会都会出现。

There's the opportunity for, you know, the raised eyebrow, for the real passion to come through.

所有这些因素都能通过面对面交流得以实现，而仅靠在线工具是无法做到的。

All of these things are are enabled through face to face communication in a way that they can't be through online tools alone.

你怎么知道这一点？你是不是只是停留在过去，觉得我们都应该面对面交流？

And how do you know this and that you're just not stuck in the past somewhere that, you know, we should just all be talking to each other?

我的意思是，你怎么能确定呢？

I mean, how do you know?

我们知道线下面对面交流占主导地位，是因为自2006年以来，我们每年每周都在进行持续研究，要求人们记录他们在24小时内参与的所有对话，并追踪这些对话是面对面进行、通过电话、发邮件、发短信，还是参与在线社交网络。

We know about the predominance of offline face to face communications because every single week out of the year, year in and year out since the 2006, we are conducting ongoing research where we ask people to keep track of conversations that they are a part of during a twenty four hour period, and we ask them to keep track of whether those conversations take place face to face, over the phone, where you emailing with people, texting with them, participating in online social networking sites.

因此，我们要求他们同时记录线下和线上的交流方式。在他们按照我们要求填写的一天日记之后，他们会基于这些日记信息参与我们的调查，向我们反馈他们的交流情况。

So, we asked them to think about the offline as well as the online, and after the one day in which they keep track of all this on a small diary that we asked them to keep, then participate in a survey with us using that diary based information as basis for their report back to us.

我们从2006年就发现，至今依然如此：他们超过90%的对话都是在线下进行的，主要是面对面交流；不到10%是在线上进行的，而线上部分又细分为发邮件、发短信和使用社交媒体。

And we saw in 2006 and we continue to see today that about 90 plus percent of their conversations take place offline, predominantly face to face, a little under 10% take place online, and that online component is broken up into emailing, texting with each other, or social media.

很多人以为社交媒体如今已主导了交流方式，但实际上它只占对话总量的约2%。

So the social media piece, many people think has now come to dominate as a communications tool, is actually just about 2% of conversation.

这就是我们如何得知的，我想我们在《面对面》这本书中的核心信息是，希望读者意识到，‘社交’和‘朋友’的原始含义，并非只是过时时代的怀旧残留，而是对人们今天的生活方式至关重要。

So that's how we know, and I guess our message in the face to face book is that we want readers to realize that the original meanings of what it means to be social and what it means to have somebody as a friend isn't just a quaint vestige of a bygone era, but it's critically important to the way that people continue to live their lives today.

那么，这些情况应该改变吗？

And so should things change?

它们应该改变吗，还是会改变？

Should they change or will they change?

嗯，这两个都是好问题。

Well, both are good questions.

至于它们是否会改变，我认为技术驱动的对话持续增长几乎是不可避免的，但我认为，要取代面对面交流，还需要几十年甚至更久，也许永远都不会实现。

Well, in terms of whether they they will change, I think it's almost inevitable that there will be a continuing rise in technology driven conversation, but I think it's going to be decades and decades if ever before that comes to replace face to face communication.

现在两者之间的差距实在太大了。

It's just such a large gap now.

它们应该改变吗？

Should it change?

很难说。

It's hard to say.

我想这很大程度上取决于人们最习惯的方式。

I guess a lot of it has to do with what people are most comfortable with.

但我认为核心信息是，通过线下口口相传所能传达的情感，是线上交流永远无法取代的。

But I think the underlying message is that there is an emotion that can be communicated through offline word-of-mouth that just will never be replaced by online conversation.

有一些学者对此进行了大量研究。

And there's some academics who have done a lot of research about this.

当他们分析人们为何倾向于沟通，特别是为何在社交媒体上发布内容时，发现最根本的驱动力是社交信号。

And when they look at the things that motivate people to communicate in particular to post things through online social media, what they found is that the number one thing that drives people is social signaling.

这反映了他们自身的某种特质。

It says something about themselves.

因此，他们会率先尝试新产品，参加非常酷的活动，并希望发布相关内容。

So they're the first to try a new product, they're attending a very cool event and they want to post something about it.

所以，这不仅关乎他们所沟通的对象，也同样关乎他们自己。

And so it's as much about them as it is about the people with whom they're communicating.

当我们转向人们线下交流的动机时，情感驱动因素成为推动线下沟通的首要原因。

When we turn to the things that motivate people to talk offline, emotional drivers turn out to be the number one thing that drive people to communicate offline.

比如对某事的兴奋、对某事的惊叹、刚刚经历的绝佳体验，或者某种让你愤怒的事情。

So excitement about something, awe about something, a fabulous experience that you've just been a part of or maybe something that you're angry about.

所有这些都属于情感，而正是这些情感因素构成了我们线下交流的核心关注点。

All of those are emotions and those emotional things are the things that we're really focused on in our offline communication.

因此，对于商业人士来说，我认为这与思考你想要传达的信息密切相关。如果你希望建立与品牌的情感联系，那么最好通过面对面的线下方式来实现。

So, for people in business, I think it has a lot to do with thinking about what's the message that you want to communicate, and if it's around emotional attachment to your brand, then that's best done offline face to face.

如果你是一个新兴且酷炫的品牌，拥有想要推广的产品，并能为用户创造一系列体验，那么在线上，尤其是社交媒体平台，在这些情况下可能会发挥重要作用，甚至是非常关键的作用。

If it is, if you're a brand that is new and cool and you've got something that you want to get out there and you've got a series of experiences that you're enabling people to have, then online, particularly social networking sites may well play a role and a very powerful role in those instances.

所以，这不是非此即彼的问题。

So, it's not either or.

我们确实认为这关乎两者的结合，但我们也认为，重要的是不要被Facebook和其他社交媒体工具与技术所获得的大量媒体关注所迷惑，而应更广泛、更全面地思考人们何时、为何参与对话。

We do think it's about both and, but we also think it's important to not confuse the amount of press attention being given to Facebook and all the other social networking tools and technologies and to think more broadly and holistically when you're when you're thinking about how, when, and why people engage in conversation.

所以，埃德，当你谈到面对面交流时，我的意思是，我从未与谷歌或可口可乐的任何人进行过面对面的交谈，我猜他们的大多数客户也从未有过。

So, Ed, when you talk about face to face, I mean, I've never had a face to face conversation with anybody from Google or Coca Cola or and I don't suppose most of their customers ever do.

这并不是关于与谷歌或可口可乐的人直接交谈。

It's not about talking to the people at Google or to the people at Coca Cola.

而是人们彼此之间关于这些品牌的讨论。

It's people having conversations with each other about those brands.

而这正是我们在这里所讨论的内容。

And that's what we're talking about here.

我们实际上已经估算过，你提到了可口可乐。

We've estimated, in fact, you bring up Coca Cola.

可口可乐是美国被谈论最多的品牌。

Coca Cola is the most talked about brand in America.

我们说的不只是人们说‘我想喝一瓶可乐’这样的话。

And we're not just talking about people saying, oh, I'd like to have a Coke please.

而是人们真正就可口可乐的产品展开讨论。

It's people actually having a conversation about Coke products.

人们在讨论可口可乐，以及它的一些促销活动。

It's people having a conversation about Coke and maybe some of its promotional activities.

人们在讨论可能即将推出的新款可乐罐。

It's people having a conversation about new Coke cans that might be coming out.

这些都是人们会谈论的事情。

These are all things that people talk about.

因此，从营销人员的角度来看，虽然很诱人地认为‘我要建一个Facebook页面，我要有数百万粉丝’，这就是我期望品牌在市场中推动销售的方式。

And so from a marketer's perspective, while it's enticing to think I'm going to have a Facebook page, I'm going to have millions of fans on Facebook, that's how I'm going to increasingly hope that my brand is going to move product in the marketplace for me.

结果发现，人们线下的品牌对话数量远不止于此，而且各种媒体和营销活动都能促进这些对话的发生。

It turns out that not only do are there multiples more conversations that people have offline about those brands, but it also turns out that all sorts of media and marketing activity can help to drive those conversations.

人们彼此谈论品牌时，有一半的时间是在讨论某种媒体或营销内容，这些内容已成为对话的一部分。

Half the time that people talk about brands with each other, they're talking about something in the form of media or marketing that become part of that conversation.

比如他们看过的广告、在零售环境中看到的东西，或者产品包装、品牌官网上的内容。

So ads that they've seen, something that they've seen in a retail environment, maybe something that they've seen on the product packaging or on the brand's website.

这些可以是品牌购买的媒体，也可以是所谓的自有媒体，比如包装、品牌官网，这些都是品牌自己拥有的媒体。

So it can be media that brands buy, it can be so called owned media, the package, the brand website, these are all media that the brands own themselves.

这些都能激发人们的讨论。

Those are all things that help to spark conversation.

因此，这不仅仅是关于社交媒体，而是所有媒体都有机会推动人们对品牌的社交参与。

And so it's not just about social media, it's about all media having the opportunity to help drive social engagement with the brand.

这是营销顾问埃德·凯勒的说法，他著有《面对面》一书。

That's marketing consultant Ed Keller, author of the face to face book.

如果你想收听完整的访谈，请访问 somethingyoushouldknow 网站，网址是 somethingyoushouldknow.net，你可以找到第65期，或者直接在搜索框中输入数字65，就会立即显示出来，你就能听到完整的访谈。

And if you'd like to hear the complete interview, go to the somethingyoushouldknow website, which is somethingyoushouldknow.net, and you will find episode 65 or you can just search if you just go to the search thing and just put in the number 65, it'll pop right up and you can hear the complete interview.

你知道吗，我一直怀疑，坐下来努力做好工作并不总是有效的。

You know, I've always suspected that sitting down and trying to do your best work doesn't always work.

有时候，至少对我来说，我知道我最好的想法和最好的工作，往往出现在我分心做其他事情，或者根本没有特别思考的时候。

That sometimes, at least for me, I know my best ideas and my best work sometimes come at times when I'm distracted doing something else or or not thinking about anything in particular.

所以，当我发现这背后真的有科学依据时，我感到非常高兴。

So I was delighted to find that there's some real science behind this.

在第66期节目中，我采访了精神科医生。

In episode 66, I spoke with psychiatrist Doctor.

斯里尼·皮拉伊。

Srini Pillai.

他是《 tinkering、 dabbling、 doodling、 trying：释放非专注思维的力量》一书的作者，书中探讨了不那么用力追求效果的力量，以及不集中注意力反而能带来出色成果的道理。

He's author of the book Tinker, Dabble, Doodle, Try, Unlock the Power of the Unfocused Mind, where he talks about, well, the power of not trying so hard, how not concentrating and focusing can produce great results.

长期以来，人们一直认为专注是最重要的能力。

For a long time, people believed that focus was the most important faculty.

而我们现在发现，不专注至少和专注一样重要，甚至可能更重要。

And what we've now found is that unfocused may be at least as important, if not more important than focus.

因为在大脑中，既有专注的神经回路，也有不专注的神经回路，它们需要协同工作才能实现最佳的生产力和创造力。

Because in the brain, there are both focus and unfocused circuits, and they need to work together for optimal productivity and creativity.

但你建议人们用来放松注意力的那些行为，恰恰是人们认为一个人偷懒、不认真做事时的表现。

And and yet the things that you recommend that people do to unfocus are exactly the kind of things that people think of when they think of someone who's not getting the job done, that's who's not who who's lazy.

它们听起来可能像那样，但其实并不完全一样。

Well, they may sound like that, but they're not exactly the same.

我来给你举个例子。

So I'll give you an example.

我绝对不是建议你只是分心，因为我认为单纯的分心或白日梦本身并不一定有帮助。

So I'm I'm I'm definitely not prescribing just distraction because I think distraction and daydreaming by itself is not necessarily helpful.

目前研究中已经识别出三种类型的白日梦。

And there are three kinds of daydreaming that have been studied.

自20世纪50年代以来一直研究这一领域的杰罗姆·辛格指出，陷入白日梦更像是从悬崖上跌落。

Jerome Singer, who studied this since the nineteen fifties, has pointed out that slipping into a daydream is more like falling off a cliff.

而反复内疚地回想某些事情也同样没有帮助。

And having some kind of guilty rehashing of something is also not helpful.

但有帮助的是积极建设性的白日梦。

But what is helpful is positive constructive daydreaming.

这种白日梦的不同之处在于，第一，你可以把它融入到你的日常生活中。

And what's different about this is number one, you can build it into your day.

第二，你用某种富有玩味或充满幻想的画面来启动它。

Number two, you initiated with some kind of playful or wishful imagery.

第三，最好在做一些低强度的活动时进行，比如编织或园艺，而不是在你精疲力尽的时候做。

And number three, it is best done with some kind of low key activity like knitting or gardening rather than doing it when you are completely wiped out.

这三件事能让你将注意力从外部转移，重新导向内在世界。

And these three things will allow you to then withdraw your attention from what's outside, reorient your attention to what's inside.

现在研究显示，它能激活大脑中的非专注回路，从而产生看似非常神奇的效果。

And what studies are now showing is that it activates the unfocused circuit in the brain, which then does what seems like something quite magical.

当你开始用积极建设性白日梦（可简称为PCD）来重新引导注意力时。

The moment you start to redirect your attention using positive constructive daydreaming, which can be abbreviated as PCD.

你实际上改变了大脑的运作方式。

You actually change the way the brain operates.

为了简化这个概念，如果你把大脑想象成一套餐具（只是比喻），当专注模式开启时，你的大脑就像一把叉子。

And to make this simpler, if you think about the brain like a silverware set just metaphorically, when focus is on, your brain acts like a fork.

它本质上是在挑起你身份中那些明确的组成部分。

It essentially picks up the solid pieces of your identity.

然而，当非专注模式被邀请上桌时，它会带来一整套其他餐具。

However, when unfocused is invited to the table, it then invites a bunch of other silverware.

有一把勺子，用来舀起你身份中那丰富多样的风味。

There's a spoon for picking up the delicious melange of flavors of your identity.

还有筷子，能在大脑的不同区域之间建立联系。

There are chopsticks which make connections across the brain.

此外，还有骨髓勺，能深入大脑的各个角落，找到专注模式永远无法触及的信息碎片。

And then there are also things like marrow spoons which go into the nooks and crannies of your brain to find pieces of information that focus would never be able to find.

因此，借助非专注回路带来的这套全新餐具，你会获得更完整的自我认知。

And so with this new set of silverware that the unfocused circuit will actually bring to the fore, you have a much fuller sense of self.

而有了这种更完整的自我认知，你就能获得更强的动机感，感到更有活力，也更具创造力——这正是研究结果所显示的。

And with this fuller sense of self you can have a greater sense of motivation, you can feel more energized and also more creative and that's exactly what the studies show.

哇。

Wow.

现在我饿了，因为

And now I'm hungry from

你的右脑。

your Right.

不过你刚才提到，当你在做编织这类事情时，这种方法效果更好，而不是只是躺着精疲力尽。

So you said something a moment ago though that this works better if you're doing something like knitting rather than just lying there being wiped out.

我理解得对吗？

Am I correct?

没错。

That's correct.

所以

So

因为这个非专注回路的整个理念是它实际上只消耗身体20%的能量。

because the whole idea about this unfocused circuit is it actually uses 20% of the body's energy.

大脑只占身体体积的2%，但在静息状态下却消耗了20%的能量来完成所需功能。

So the brain just occupies 2% of the body's volume and at rest it uses 20% of the energy to perform what's needed.

这意味着我刚才描述的所有这些活动，额外再增加5%的能耗。

Meaning all these different things that I just described And effort just adds on another 5%.

所以如果你已经精疲力尽，进行这种特定活动就不会有帮助，因为你的大脑需要这些能量才能运作。

So if you have no energy left, then doing this particular kind of activity is not gonna actually be helpful because your brain needs that energy in order to do something.

所以这有点像你在分散注意力，让大脑能自由地做它该做的事？

So is it kind of like you're distracting yourself from from something so that the brain is kind of free to do what the brain does?

因为如果你太刻意去思考，反而就做不到了。

Because if you try to think about it too much, you can't really get it.

是的，完全正确。

Yes, absolutely.

事实上，大多数专家都认为，90%到98%的心理活动都是无意识的。

In fact, the reality is that most experts would agree that between 90% to 98% of mental activities unconscious.

我认为我们在学校和组织中学习时，花了太多时间只关注那2%的有意识学习。

And I think we've spent a lot of time I think in learning at schools and organizations focusing on just the 2% of conscious learning.

而我在这本书中所描述的，正是如何真正进入那90%到98%的潜意识活动，并开始培养这些神经回路。

And essentially what I'm describing in this book is how do you actually get into this 90% to 98% of what's happening under the radar and begin to develop those circuits.

由于大脑的大部分智能工作都在潜意识中完成，我们必须学会与这些回路协同工作，才能获得我们想要的结果。

And because the brain does most of its intelligent work under the radar, we really need to be able to work with those circuits to get the results that we want.

这让我想起一件事，你告诉我这个类比是否合理：就是那些电脑生成的三维立体图，如果你太用力去看反而看不到，但当你放松视线，让眼睛自然失焦时，突然就看到了？

You know what this kind of reminds me of, and you you tell me if this is a reasonable analogy, is you know those those pictures, those computer generated three d pictures that if you try too hard you can't see it but if you kind of let your vision unfocus all of a sudden you get it?

完全正确。

That's exactly right.

没错，正是这样，我认为这种比喻非常贴切——就像使用近光灯和远光灯，你必须两者兼备才能应对各种路况；或者在舞台上，有时你需要聚光灯，有时则需要泛光灯。

You know it's exactly right and I think it's that kind of metaphor that applies you know it's like using low beams and high beams you basically need both in order to navigate any terrain or if you're on a stage you need a spotlight and sometimes you need floodlights.

我认为很多人往往只处于其中一种模式：要么极度专注，要么极度分心，却没有意识到，当你处于放松状态时，实际上是在为专注的大脑提供休息，这样当需要专注时，你才能达到最佳状态。

And I think what a lot of people do is they operate in one or the other mode either super focused or very distracted not recognizing that when you are unfocused it actually helps give your focus brain a rest so that when it's time to focus you can focus optimally as well.

你提到像编织、园艺这类事情，但你的书名听起来好像我们并不一定非得拥有某种特定的爱好。

When you talked about doing things like knitting and gardening and that kind of thing but the title of your book makes it sound as if we don't have to specifically have a hobby.

你只需要随便涂鸦，或者做任何其他事情，让思绪暂时转移一下就可以了。

You can just doodle and just anything else to kind of take your mind somewhere else.

没错。

That's correct.

事实上，研究表明，涂鸦比不涂鸦能提高29%的信息保留率。

In fact, doodling has been shown to increase retention of information 29% more than not doodling.

因此，杰基·安德拉德进行了一项研究，观察两组人在听录音时的表现，他们需要记住录音中提到的名字和地点。

So there was a study by Jackie Andrade that actually looked at two groups of people while they were listening to a tape and they had to remember names and places that were actually mentioned during that tape.

她发现，涂鸦的那一组比不涂鸦的那一组多记住了29%的内容。

And what she found was that the group that doodled remembered 29% more than the group that did not.

我认为，这在一定程度上是专注与非专注之间的平衡。

And in part I think that's a balance between focus and unfocus.

你没有过于专注到拼命捕捉每一个细节而焦虑地遗忘，但也没有完全脱离任务，因为你的思绪停留在纸上，所以你的大脑仍处于附近范围，正在接收并整合这些信息。

You're not so focused that you're going after everything and anxiously forgetting, but you're not completely off task because your mind is on the page and so your mind is somewhere in the vicinity grasping this information and then integrating this.

事实上，大脑非专注回路的主要功能之一，就是捕捉记忆并进行整合。

In fact, one of the main functions of the unfocused circuit in the brain is to actually pick up memories and to integrate them.

因此，即使是像涂鸦这样的行为也有帮助。

So even when you're doing something like doodling that's helpful.

我认为，涉猎不同领域的人们常常通过尝试获得重大发现。

And I think with dabbling, there are a lot of examples of dabbling where people have dabbled in different fields and actually had major discoveries.

例如，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾涉猎庞加莱的数学理论。

So for example, Albert Einstein dabbled in the mathematics of Poincare.

通过运用我们所说的可能性思维，他将庞加莱的理论加以延伸，最终发展出了相对论。

And by using what we call possibility thinking, he extended Poincare's theories to actually develop the theory of relativity.

庞加莱的理论是基于他所能观察到的现象建立的。

Poincare developed his theory based on what he could see.

当没有更多证据时，他就停止了。

And then when there was no more evidence he stopped.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦却问：‘如果呢？’他提出了一种可能性的问题，仅仅通过涉猎数学，就将它与自己在物理学领域的研究联系起来。

Albert Einstein said, what if, so he asked a possibility question and by just dabbling in the mathematics was able to make a connection with his own field in physics.

同样，毕加索通过研究和涉猎庞加莱的数学，也得以思考第四维度，这开启了艺术中的立体主义运动。

And similarly Picasso by studying and dabbling in the mathematics of Poincare was also able to think about the fourth dimension and this started the Cubist movement in art.

因此，尽管这些并非他们主要的兴趣领域，但仅仅通过涉猎，他们就能在自己的领域内建立联系，激发想象力，推动各自领域向前发展。

So even though these were not their primary modes of interest simply by dabbling they were able to make connections in their own fields and feed their own imaginations to move their own fields forward.

所以，是的，这并不一定涉及白日做梦。

So yes, it doesn't necessarily involve daydreaming.

整个理念是，如果我们固守自己的兴趣，固守看待事物的方式，我们不太可能快速取得进展。

The whole idea is that if we remain fixed in our interests and if we remain fixed in the way we think about things we're not likely to get anywhere fast.

顺便提一下，最近关于毅力的讨论很多。

And just as a point in question, there's been a lot of talk about grit recently.

现在有一项元分析研究了毅力，而毅力包含两个组成部分。

And there's now been a meta analysis that's looked at grit and grit has two components to it.

一个是兴趣的一致性，即坚持做一件事永不放弃；另一个是坚持，即努力尝试。

One is consistency of interest which is stay at what you do never leave it and the other is persevere which is try hard.

对超过六万人的元分析表明，毅力与成功只有微弱的相关性，尤其是关于兴趣一致性的部分，与成功完全无关。

And what the meta analyses have shown of more than 60,000 people is that grit only has a weak correlation with success And in particular the piece that has to do with consistency has no correlation with success at all.

因此，我在这本书中想鼓励人们追随自己的兴趣，记录自己的迂回探索，找到能够帮助他们那颗不专注的大脑获得真正想要成果的迂回方式。

And so what I want to do in this book is encourage people to follow their interests to measure their meanderings to find ways in which they can meander that can help their unfocused brains get them exactly what they want to get.

这来自第66期。

That's from episode 66.

这是精神病学家斯里尼·波尔博士，他的书名为《 tinkering、dabbling、doodling、try》。

It's, psychiatrist doctor Srini Pole, and his book is called Tinker Dabble Doodle Try.

你可以在《Something You Should Know》网站的第66期节目中收听完整的访谈。

You can hear the complete interview by going to episode 66 on the Something You Should Know website.

这标志着《Something You Should Know》节目最佳合集本期的结束。

And that brings us to the end of this best of episode of the Something You Should Know program.

这是过去一年的一些精彩片段，我本周晚些时候还会再推出一期最佳合集。

Some of the highlights from this past year, and I'll have another best of episode later this week.

我是迈克·卡鲁瑟斯。

I'm Mike Carruthers.

感谢收听《Something You Should Know》。

Thanks for listening to something you should know.

哦，摄政时期。

Oh, the Regency era.

你可能知道，那是《布里奇顿》的故事背景，也是简·奥斯汀创作小说的年代。

You might know it as the time when Bridgerton takes place or the time when Jane Austen wrote her books.