跛脚鸭如何运作

这是iHeart播客《保证人性》。

This is an iHeart podcast, Guaranteed Human.

在《好奇心湾》播客的冒险中，如果故事比我们被告知的更丰富呢？

On the adventures of Curiosity Cove podcast, what if there's more to the story than we've been told?

在今年的黑人历史月，《好奇心湾》邀请家庭参与一场融合历史、科学与想象力的趣味谜题。

This Black History Month, adventures of Curiosity Cove invites families into a playful mystery that blends history, science, and imagination.

当艾拉和她的朋友们调查一起花生酱失踪案时，他们揭开了杰出发明家乔治·华盛顿·卡弗的传奇遗产？

As Ella and her friends investigate a missing peanut butter case, they uncover the legacy of a brilliant innovator George Washington Carver?

并了解好奇心如何激发创造力。

And learn how curiosity fuels creativity.

在这次黑人历史月的冒险中，《好奇心湾》向孩子们展示：提出问题、创造性思考、想象可能性，可以带来惊人的发现。

In this Black History Month adventure, Adventures at Curiosity Cove shows kids that asking questions, thinking creatively, and imagining what's possible can lead to amazing discoveries.

因为历史并不无聊。

Because history isn't boring.

它充满惊喜。

It's full of surprises.

每周一在iHeartRadio应用、Apple Podcasts或您收听播客的任何平台，收听来自Black Effect Podcast Network的《Curiosity Cove的冒险》。

Listen to Adventures of Curiosity Cove every Monday from the Black Effect Podcast Network on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

当种族隔离是法律时，一位神秘的黑人俱乐部老板查理·菲茨杰拉德有自己的规矩。

When segregation was a law, one mysterious black club owner, Charlie Fitzgerald, had his own rules.

白天隔离，夜晚融合。

Segregation in the day, integration at night.

就像踏入了另一个世界。

It was like stepping in another world.

他是个商人吗？

Was he a businessman?

是个罪犯吗？

A criminal?

是个英雄吗？

A hero?

查理是力量的典范

Charlie was an example of power

这必须将他压垮。

that had to crush him.

查理的地方，来自Atlas Obscura和Visit Myrtle Beach。

Charlie's Place from Atlas Obscura and Visit Myrtle Beach.

在iHeartRadio应用、Apple Podcasts或您收听播客的任何平台收听《查理的地方》。

Listen to Charlie's Place on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

由焕然一新的2012款凯美瑞赞助。

Brought to you by the reinvented 2012 Camry.

它已经准备好了。

It's ready.

你呢？

Are you?

欢迎收听HowStuffWorks的《你该知道的事》。

Welcome to stuff you should know from howstuffworks.com.

你正在变得越来越聪明。

You're getting smarter.

嘿

Hey

大家好，欢迎收听本播客。

there, and welcome to the podcast.

我是乔什·克拉克，这里是howstuffworks.com的资深撰稿人。

I'm Josh Clark, a staff writer here @howstuffworks.com.

和往常一样，我身边的是我可靠的老编辑克里斯·波莱特。

With me as always is my trusty editor, Chris Paulette.

克里斯，今天我想聊聊‘跛脚鸭’总统。

Chris, today, I wanna talk about lame duck presidents.

同意吗？

Agreed?

当然。

Absolutely.

好的。

Okay.

让我先简单介绍一下什么是‘跛脚鸭’总统。

Let me give a little background for some what a lame duck president is.

‘跛脚鸭’总统基本上是指那些要么未能连任，要么已经完成了两个任期的总统。

A lame duck president is basically any president that has already, either not been passed over for election or has served the their both of their terms.

他们只是坐在办公室里，等待任期结束，等待下一位总统接任。

And, basically, they're just sitting around in office waiting to, finish out the the rest of their tenure before the next president takes over.

对吗？

Correct?

没错。

That is correct.

这个说法是怎么来的？

And where did this come from?

‘跛脚鸭’。

Lame duck.

你想让我解释一下这部分吗？

Do you want me to explain that part?

你来解释一下吧？

Why don't you do that?

我来吧。

Let me.

好的。

Okay.

基本上，‘跛脚鸭’最初是一个金融术语，指无力偿还债务的人。

Basically, a lame duck originally was a financial term for somebody who couldn't pay their debt.

我们如今使用这个术语时，已经和债务无关了。

Our current use of that term has nothing to do with debt anymore.

正如我所说，它指的是任期已满的总统，也可以指国会。

As I said, it's it's a president who's finished out their term, and it can also refer to congress.

但宪法中有一项修正案叫做‘跛脚鸭修正案’，也就是第二十条修正案。

But, there's, an amendment in the constitution called the lame duck amendment, and it is the Twentieth amendment.

没错。

Absolutely.

第二十修正案就是所谓的‘跛脚鸭’修正案，它于1933年胡佛执政期间颁布。

The twentieth amendment is the lame duck amendment, and it was, instituted in, I believe, 1933 during the Hoover administration.

当时的情况是，国会议员在得知自己未能连任后，还要再待十三个月才正式离任。

Basically, what was going on was members of congress had thirteen months in between the time they found out that they were not reelected and the time they actually left office.

十三个月实在太长了，足以造成巨大破坏，几乎把选民的利益榨干。

Thirteen months is a really, really long time to do a lot of damage, basically robbing their constituency blind.

对吧？

Right?

你知道，他们有机会利用职权推动各种项目。

Well, you know, they have the opportunity to use the powers of office for for all sorts of projects.

而且，一旦他们不再觉得自己对选民负有责任，就

And, you know, once they're not once they don't feel like they owe the voters anything anymore, they

他们可以随意投票了。

can they can vote any way they want to.

没错。

Exactly.

在某些情况下，他们还可以选出总统。

They could also, pick the president under certain circumstances.

比如选举人团出现平票，说实话，我都不想深入讨论这个。

Those being, you know, a a tie in the electoral college, which frankly, I don't even want to get into.

但克里斯，现在似乎有个人正处于跛脚鸭状态。

But, Chris, we it seems like there's somebody out there right now who's a lame duck.

我一时想不起他的名字了。

Their name's slipping my mind.

你能提醒我一下吗？

Can you refresh my memory?

我想你指的是乔治·W·布什总统。

I think you're thinking of, president George w Bush.

对，就是他。

Exact that's who it was.

能跟我们讲讲他的跛脚鸭状态吗？

Tell us a little bit about his lame duck status, will you?

嗯，事实上，他在过渡期内一直相当忙碌。

Well, know, he's, he's actually been fairly busy during his lame duck period.

你知道，我看到有人说，他的总统任期早在2007年就进入了过渡期。

You know, I saw that, people have been talking about his presidency being entering the lame duck phase as early as the 2007.

所以，如果真是这样，这显然是一件主观的事情。

So, you know, if if that's true, obviously, this is subjective thing.

但这样一来，他在第二个任期的将近一半时间里都处于过渡状态。

But he would have been a lame duck for, you know, almost half of his second term in office.

我听说美联社早在2004年就称他为过渡总统。

I heard that the Associated Press actually tagged him with lame duck in 2004.

哇。

Wow.

你看，一旦你赢得了第二个任期，

Well, see, you know, as soon as you get elected for your second term,

我想，从技术上讲，你确实就成了过渡总统。

I guess, technically, your your lame your lame duckness Sure.

开始了。

Starts.

但最近他其实相当活跃，推动了经济刺激计划，最近还大力敦促国会永久延长监控法案，而不是仅作临时延长。

But he's been actually pretty active as of late, with the economic stimulus package and, recently too, pushing for a permanent extension of the surveillance package, pushing congress to to extend that permanently instead of a temporary extension.

他对此一直非常直言不讳。

He's been very vocal about about doing that.

所以他并没有无所事事，只是等着任期结束。

So he's not, he's not just sitting on his on his hands and waiting for his term to end.

还有那种带浣熊尾巴、靠电池驱动、猫咪喜欢玩的小球，也很活跃。

Now, also, one of those little balls with the raccoon tail that is battery powered and cats like to play with, that's also very active too.

但我认为，那个小球推动立法成功的可能性，和现在的乔治·布什差不多。

But I think that that has just about as much of a chance of pushing legislation through as George Bush does at this point.

根据我了解并为这个播客所做的研究，我发现现在对布什的批评几乎是毫无顾忌。

From what I understand and doing some research for this podcast, I found that it's pretty much open season on Bush.

他似乎已经耗尽了所有的政治资本，突然间，狼群已经围到了他的门口。

It seems like he spent all of his political currency, and suddenly the wolves are at his door as it were.

我引用前演讲撰稿人大卫·弗罗姆的话，总统根本不可能推动任何能让民主党与共和党都接受的政策。

I quote David Fromm, who's a former speechwriter, there's no possibility at all of the president advancing anything that is acceptable to both the Democrats and the Republicans.

谈到他在任期最后阶段能做什么，看起来什么也做不了，克里斯。

Talking about what he'll be able to do in his last term, it looks like nothing, Chris.

你认为呢

What do

你觉得呢？

you think?

你知道，作为总统，他的权力本来就很有限，因为国会成员才是必须将法案送交他签署的人。

Well, you know, he's he's only so powerful anyway as president because the the members of congress are the ones who have to push the bills across his desk for him to sign.

所以，你知道，他可以说得再多，但如果国会不给他送法案来签署，他就什么也做不了，不管他是不是跛脚总统。

So, you know, there's there's only he he can talk all he wants, but if they don't give him a bill to sign into law, you know, he can't do anything whether he's a lame

还是不是跛脚总统。

duck or not.

说得太对了。

Exactly too.

我认为总统处于跛脚鸭状态的另一个迹象是，我对此感到非常惊讶：2007年7月，众议院议长南希·佩洛西竟飞往叙利亚，与当时布什总统刻意回避的叙利亚总统举行会谈，完全绕开了总统的立场。

And I think a further sign of the president's lame duck status that I was really surprised to find this out, but Nancy Pelosi, the speaker of the House of Representatives, in July 2007 flew to Syria to hold talks with the president of Syria who Bush was ignoring at the time going completely behind the president's back.

如果这还不算跛脚鸭的明证，那我真不知道什么才算。

Now if that's not a sign that you're a lame duck, I don't know what is.

你呢？

How about you?

我觉得你说得有道理。

I I do think you have a point there.

好吧。

Okay.

请务必去howstuffworks.com看看《跛脚鸭总统有多无力》这篇文章。

Well, please please read how lame is a lame duck president on howstuffworks.com.

它会改变你的人生。

It'll change your life.

如需了解更多相关内容及成千上万的其他话题，请访问howstuffworks.com。

For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit howstuffworks.com.

告诉我们你的想法。

Let us know what you think.

发送邮件至 podcast@howstuffworks.com。

Send an email to podcast@howstuffworks.com.

本节目由焕然一新的2012款凯美瑞倾情呈现。

Brought to you by the reinvented 2012 Camry.

它已经准备好了。

It's ready.

你准备好了吗？

Are you?

在《好奇心湾》播客的冒险中，如果故事的真相比我们所知的更多呢？

On the adventures of Curiosity Cove podcast, what if there's more to the story than we've been told?

今年黑人历史月，《好奇心湾》邀请家庭参与一场融合历史、科学与想象力的趣味谜题。

This Black History Month, Adventures of Curiosity Cove invites families into a playful mystery that blends history, science, and imagination.

当艾拉和她的朋友们调查一起失踪的花生酱案件时，他们揭开了杰出发明家乔治·华盛顿·卡弗的传奇遗产？

As Ella and her friends investigate a missing peanut butter case, they uncover the legacy of a brilliant innovator George Washington Carver?

并了解好奇心如何激发创造力。

And learn how curiosity fuels creativity.

在这个黑人历史月的冒险中，《好奇心湾历险记》向孩子们展示：提出问题、创造性地思考、想象可能的事物，可以带来惊人的发现。

In this Black History Month adventure, Adventures of Curiosity Cove shows kids that asking questions, thinking creatively, and imagining what's possible can lead to amazing discoveries.

因为历史并不枯燥。

Because history isn't boring.

它充满了惊喜。

It's full of surprises.

好奇心湾，每周一在iHeartRadio应用、Apple Podcasts或您收听播客的任何平台，收听来自黑人影响播客网络的《好奇心湾历险记》。

Curiosity Cove Listen to Adventures of Curiosity Cove every Monday from the Black Effect Podcast Network on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

当种族隔离是法律时，一位神秘的黑人俱乐部老板查理·菲茨杰拉德有自己的规矩。

When segregation was a law, one mysterious black club owner, Charlie Fitzgerald, had his own rules.

白天隔离，夜晚融合。

Segregation in the day, integration at night.

就像踏入了另一个世界。

It was like stepping in another world.

他是个商人、罪犯，还是英雄？

Was he a businessman, a criminal, a hero?

查理是力量的典范。

Charlie was an example of power.

他们必须摧毁他。

They had to crush him.

《查理的地盘》，来自Atlas Obscura和Visit Myrtle Beach。

Charlie's Place from Atlas Obscura and Visit Myrtle Beach.

在iHeartRadio应用、Apple Podcasts或您收听播客的任何平台收听《查理的地盘》。

Listen to Charlie's Place on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

这是iHeart播客《保证真实人性》。

This is an iHeart podcast, Guaranteed Human.