如何终结工厂化养殖 | 刘易斯·博拉德

您正在收听的是 TED 每日演讲，我们每天都会为您带来新想法，点燃您的好奇心。我是主持人 Elise Hu。肉类是全球数十亿人饮食中不可或缺的一部分，然而，这一现实与当今工厂化农场中难以想象的恐怖景象之间，很难取得平衡。在本次演讲中，农场动物福利倡导者 Louis Bollard 揭示了如何在肉类行业实现持久且可持续的变革。他分享了大数据、创新技术与基层压力的结合，如何真正推动企业与立法层面的重大改革，向我们展示只要我们决定行动，就能应对巨大的道德与环境问题。

You're listening to TED Talks Daily where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. Meat is an integral part of billions of people's diets around the world, and yet it's hard to balance this reality with the unimaginable horrors that exist in factory farms today. In his talk, farm animal welfare champion Louis Bollard reveals how it is possible to make lasting sustainable changes in the meat industry. He shares how a blend of big data, inventive tech, and grassroots pressure is actually driving major corporate and legislative reforms, showing us that we can tackle massive moral and environmental problems if we decide to act.

今天，我想和大家谈谈一个我们从未讨论过的重要道德议题——工厂化养殖。但首先，我想分享我是如何走到今天的故事。我在新西兰长大，没错，我们家有一个养羊场。它很小，只有 100 英亩起伏的山丘，羊群白天在山坡上吃草，晚上回到山顶围成一圈睡觉。这些羊最终仍会被屠宰，但我始终觉得，至少它们度过了不错的一生，死亡也来得很快。

Today, I want to talk with you about one of the most important moral issues we never talk about, and that's factory farming. But first, I want to share with you the story of how I came to be here. I grew up in New Zealand, and, yes, we had a sheep farm. It was small, a 100 acres of rolling hills, and the sheep would graze the hillsides by day and then retreat to the hilltops to circle up and fall asleep at night. The sheep ultimately went to slaughter, but I always felt like at least they'd lived good lives and had quick deaths.

坦白说，如果我下辈子投胎成一只羊——作为新西兰人，这并非不可能——我愿意过它们那样的生活。十几岁时，我们去越南旅行，在河内的一条后巷，我误打误撞走进了一个活畜市场。我至今仍记得那一幕：层层叠叠的笼子里塞满了各种动物，它们在恐惧中颤抖，痛苦地望着我。我深受震撼，但回到新西兰后，我以为情况不同。毕竟，你能看到田野里的牛羊。

Frankly, if I'm ever reincarnated as a sheep, which as a New Zealander is not unlikely, I'd like to live their life. When I was a teenager, we traveled to Vietnam, and in the back streets of Hanoi, I stumbled into a live animal market. I still remember seeing the sight, stacks upon stacks of cages crammed full of animals of every species, trembling in fear, staring out at me in distress. I was shaken, but when I returned to New Zealand, I figured things were different. I mean, you can see the cows and the sheep in the fields.

然而，我开始好奇，那些我们看不到的动物是如何被对待的？特别是猪和鸡？于是我做了当时大家都会做的事——拿起电话簿，查找了一些养猪场和养鸡场，然后一个个打电话，天真地问能不能去参观。

Still, I started to wonder how we treated the animals that you couldn't see. How, in particular, did we treat the pigs and the chickens? So I did what you did back then. I I picked up a phone book, and I looked up some pig and chicken farms. And one by one, I called, and I naively asked if I could just come visit.

结果，他们一个个都拒绝了我，不允许任何人随便参观。终于，我联系到了一家大型屠宰场，认识了一个农场长大的男孩，就叫他利亚姆吧。这家屠宰场同样不接待访客，但利亚姆和我因为羊而聊得来，他答应带我进去。

And one by one, they told me no. They don't let anyone just visit. Finally, I got hold of a major slaughterhouse and connected with a farm boy. Let's call him Liam. Now, this slaughterhouse didn't do visitors either, but Liam and I bonded over sheep, and he agreed to get me in.

说实话，屠宰场本身没有我想象中那么糟，真正让我震惊的是运来的动物状况。我记得看到猪从运输卡车上下来，有的发抖，有的尖叫，有的因疼痛一瘸一拐。我问利亚姆：‘那些猪为什么跛脚？’他回答：‘不关我的事。’

Honestly, the slaughterhouse wasn't as bad as I'd expected. It was the state of the animals arriving there that shook me. I remember seeing pigs coming down off a transport truck, some shaking, some squealing, some limping in pain. Liam, I said, why are those pigs limping? Not my problem, he replied.

于是我着手调查。在告诉你我的发现之前，我要先说，我不是来告诉你该吃什么。事实上，我认为这根本不该由你个人消费者来承担。你从未选择工厂化养殖。当工厂化农场取代传统家庭农场时，他们并没有告诉你。

So I looked into it. Before I tell you what I learned, let me say I'm not here to tell you what to eat. In fact, I don't think this should be on you as an individual consumer at all. You never chose factory farming. When the factory farms came in and replaced the old family farms, they didn't tell you they were doing it.

他们也没有把肉重新贴上标签，写成‘来自悲惨动物的肉’，而是继续标注‘纯天然’‘农场新鲜’。实际上，整个行业建立了一套体系，阻止你看到肉类是如何生产的。他们甚至在美国多个州通过了‘农业禁言法’，把记录工厂化农场内部情况定为犯罪，这更让我们有必要看清他们试图隐瞒的真相。我想和大家分享三种常见的工厂化养殖做法。

They didn't relabel the meat as now from miserable animals. They labeled it as all natural and farm fresh. In fact, the industry has created an entire system to stop you from seeing how your meat is produced. They've even passed ag gag laws in US states to make it a crime to record conditions in factory farms, which makes it all the more important that we see what they're trying to hide from us. I want to share with you three common factory farming practices.

我特意没有选择最血腥或最极端的例子，而是全球大多数猪肉和鸡蛋生产中每天都在发生的现实。首先是妊娠栏。这就是那些猪在屠宰场跛脚的原因。它们是雌性种猪，整个怀孕期间被关在栏里，无法行走，甚至无法转身。

I deliberately didn't choose the most gruesome or out there practices I could find. These are everyday realities involved in the production of most pork and eggs globally. Here we go, the gestation crate. This is why the pigs at the slaughterhouse were limping. They were female breeding pigs who had been confined to crates unable to walk or even turn around for their entire pregnancies.

分娩后，它们被移到稍大一点的分娩栏，然后又被赶回妊娠栏，再次怀孕，如此循环，年复一年。一位在养猪工厂卧底的朋友告诉我，他做过的最糟糕的事，就是把刚生完小猪的母猪强行赶回妊娠栏。它们拼命挣扎，不愿回去。蛋鸡工厂里的电池笼。全球约 80 亿只蛋鸡——几乎与地球人口一比一——此刻正被关在这样的笼子里，连拍动翅膀都做不到。

Once they gave birth, they were moved to slightly larger birthing crates and then back into these crates to get pregnant again and again and again for years on end. A friend of mine who worked undercover at a pig factory farm told me the worst thing he has ever done was to force these pigs back into their crates after they gave birth. They fought so hard not to go back in. Battery cage on an egg factory farm. Most of the world's 8,000,000,000 egg laying hens, roughly one for every person alive on earth today, are confined right now in cages like these, unable to so much as flap their wings.

这是一个装满活的小鸡的垃圾桶。我第一次听说时真的不敢相信，听起来像是漫画里的反派干的事，但这是真的。蛋鸡产业每年不需要那70亿只雄性小鸡，所以它们出生第一天就被扔进垃圾桶或巨型绞肉机里处理掉。我可以继续说，但别担心，我不会。

And this is a trash can full of live baby chicks. I honestly didn't believe this one when I first heard about it. It just sounded like comic book villain stuff, but it's real. The egg industry has no need for the 7,000,000,000 male chicks born annually, So it kills them on their first day alive in this world, typically by throwing them in the trash or into a giant meat grinder. I could go on, but don't worry, I won't.

我们不再放图片了。我猜你不喜欢刚才看到的画面，你并不孤单。88%的美国人在最近一项调查中表示，他们认为妊娠栏和层架式鸡笼不可接受。如今想找一件88%美国人都能达成共识的事可不容易。不过这也不奇怪。

We're all done with the images. I'm guessing you're not a fan of what you just saw, and you're not alone. 88% of Americans told a recent survey that they think gestation crates and battery cages are unacceptable. Try finding any other issue that 88 of Americans can agree on today. It's not surprising, though.

我们社会已经认定虐待动物是错误的。如果你像工厂化农场对待猪那样对待你的狗，在美国大多数州你会被判重罪。这不仅仅是动物的问题。工厂化农场把几十万甚至几百万只基因几乎相同、免疫力低下的个体密集圈养，是疾病滋生的完美温床。他们用抗生素来控制这些疾病，大量抗生素。

We, as a society, have already decided that animal cruelty is wrong. If you treated your dog the way that a factory farm treats their pigs, you'd be committing felony animal cruelty in most US states. And this isn't just about the animals. Factory farms, which densely crowd together hundreds of thousands, even millions of near genetically identical immune compromised individuals, are the perfect breeding grounds for disease. They control these diseases with antibiotics, tons of them.

事实上，即使人类面临抗生素耐药性危机，我们给农场动物用的抗生素仍远超人类医疗用量。但抗生素杀不死病毒，这就是为什么禽流感正在美国工厂化农场肆虐。了解这些后，我毕生致力于终结工厂化农场最残忍的虐待。好消息是，过去十年的进展超过了以往所有年代的总和。在这三种做法上，我们已接近临界点。谢谢。

In fact, even as we face an antibiotic resistance crisis in humans, we are feeding far more antibiotics to farm animals than we use in all human medicine. But antibiotics can't stop viruses, which is why we have a bird flu pandemic sweeping for America's factory farms right now. After I learned all this, I dedicated my life to ending the worst abuses on factory farms, And the good news is I've seen more progress in the last decade than in all prior decades combined. On these three practices, we are close to a tipping point. Thank you.

拿妊娠栏来说，倡导者已在加州到佛罗里达等11个州成功推动禁令。巴西猪肉产业，在JBS等巨头带领下，也在全面淘汰妊娠栏。再看层架式鸡笼，倡导者已促使全球最大超市和快餐连锁承诺停止采购笼养鸡蛋。

Take the gestation crates. Advocates have won bans on them in 11 US states, from California to Florida. The Brazilian pork industry, led by giants like JBS, is moving away from the crates entirely. Take the battery cages. Advocates have won promises from the world's largest supermarket and fast food chains to stop sourcing eggs from caged hens.

麦当劳在美加地区的鸡蛋供应已实现100%无笼，好市多也接近完成。美国44%的蛋鸡已脱离笼子，十年前还不到10%。至于小鸡屠杀，创新者开发出基因性别鉴定技术，让蛋鸡产业只孵化雌性小鸡。借此，德国已全面禁止宰杀一日龄雏鸡，法国和意大利也基本如此。

McDonald's is now a 100 cage free in its US and Canadian egg supply, and Costco is nearly there too. 44% of US hens are now out of cages, up from less than 10% a decade ago. Or take take the chick killing. Innovators have developed de novo sexing technology that allows the egg industry to only hatch the female chicks. Thanks to that, Germany recently banned the killing of day old chicks entirely, and France and Italy are largely doing so too.

其他创新者正在开发植物、藻类甚至动物细胞制成的替代蛋白，在满足全球动物蛋白需求增长的同时避免更多工厂化养殖。然而，尽管取得这些进展，整体问题仍在恶化。如今被人类虐待的动物数量超过历史上任何时期。全球每年饲养并屠宰2100亿只动物。2100亿。

Other innovators are developing alternative proteins made from plants, algae, even animal cells to meet the world's growing demand for animal protein without more factory farming. And yet, for all this progress, the problem overall is still growing worse. More animals are suffering at human hands today than at any prior point in our history. We raise and kill 210,000,000,000 animals globally every year. 210,000,000,000.

这比地球上曾生活过的总人数还多。我们是唯一对如此多其他动物造成如此巨大痛苦的物种，但我们也唯一会主动保护其他动物免受虐待的物种。我们是热爱动物的物种，这深植于我们的人性之中。终有一天，人类将终结工厂化农场最残忍的虐待，届时我们的后代会回望并问我们为此做了什么。

That's more than the number of humans who have ever lived on Earth. We are the only species to have ever inflicted so much suffering on so many other animals, but we are also the only species to have ever acted to protect other animals from cruelty. We are a species of animal lovers. It is core to our humanity. One day, humanity will end the worst abuses on factory farms, and when we do, our descendants will look back and ask what we did to help end them.

那你能做什么？你可以倡导、捐款，甚至投身这项事业。但如果只做一件事，我请求：谈论工厂化养殖。告诉你购买的品牌、你投票的政治人物，你期望他们至少采纳基本动物福利标准。

So what can you do to help? You can advocate, donate, even devote your career to this cause. But if you do just one thing, I ask this. Talk about factory farming. Tell the corporations you buy from the politicians you vote for that you expect them to adopt at least basic animal welfare standards.

把你在工厂化养殖上的所学告诉亲友。工厂化养殖在黑暗中滋长，被沉默的帷幕、被政客、媒体乃至整个社会忽视。它的受害者无声，它们需要你的声音。几个月前我带着三岁的儿子威利回新西兰老家农场时，就一直在想这件事。

Tell your friends and family what you've learned about factory farming. Factory farming thrives in the dark, shielded by a cone of silence, ignored by our politicians, our media, and society at large. Its victims are voiceless. They need your voice. I was thinking about this when I was back in New Zealand a few months ago with our three year old son Willie visiting my childhood farm.

威利开始问我整天在做什么。他就是不理解战略性慈善改革工厂化养殖，不管我重复多少次。所以我告诉他，我在努力让世界变得更像那个农场。我们可以拥有那样的世界。人类已经积累了前所未有的财富和力量。

Willie's started asking what I do at work all day. He just doesn't understand strategic philanthropy to reform factory farming, no matter how many times I repeat it. So I told him, I'm trying to make the world a little bit more like that farm. We can have that world. Humanity has already amassed unprecedented wealth and power.

很快，人工智能的进步将使我们变得更加强大，我们将面临一个选择，这是对我们人性的考验。我们会用这种力量去工厂化养殖更多的动物，还是用它来结束这种残忍？人类也是动物。我们与猪和鸡的区别在于我们有能力取得道德进步。我们应该利用它。

Soon, advances in AI will make us more powerful still, and we will face a choice, a test of our humanity. Will we use that power to factory farm ever more animals, or will we use it to end this cruelty? Humans are animals too. What separates us from the pigs and the chickens is our ability to make moral progress. We should use it.

谢谢。

Thank you.

那是路易斯·博拉德在2025年TED大会上的演讲。如果你对TED的策展感兴趣，请访问ted.com/curationguidelines了解更多信息。今天就到这里。TED Talks Daily是TED音频集体的一部分。这次演讲由TED研究团队核实事实，并由我们的团队制作和编辑，成员包括玛莎·埃斯特瓦诺斯、奥利弗·弗里德曼、布莱恩·格林、露西·利特尔和坦西卡·松马尼旺。

That was Louis Bollard speaking at TED twenty twenty five. If you're curious about TED's curation, find out more at ted.com/curationguidelines. And that's it for today. TED Talks Daily is part of the TED audio collective. This talk was fact checked by the TED research team and produced and edited by our team, Martha Estevanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Greene, Lucy Little, and Tansika Sungmarnivang.

这一集由克里斯托弗·费齐·博根混音。额外支持来自艾玛·陶布纳和丹妮拉·巴拉雷佐。我是胡艾丽丝。明天我会为你的订阅带来一个新的想法。感谢收听。

This episode was mixed by Christopher Faizy Bogan. Additional support from Emma Taubner and Daniella Balarezo. I'm Elise Hu. I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feed. Thanks for listening.