如何培养敢于质疑人工智能的孩子 | 兰迪·威廉姆斯

您正在收听《TED每日演讲》，每天为您带来激发好奇心的新观点。

You're listening to TED Talks Daily where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day.

我是您的主持人，伊莉丝·胡。

I'm your host, Elise Hu.

人工智能教育研究者兰迪·威廉姆斯多年来一直研究孩子如何与智能玩具互动，她的发现值得每位家长深思。

AI education researcher Randi Williams has spent years studying how kids interact with smart toys, and what she's found should make every parent stop and think.

当技术变成一个黑箱，我们再也看不清里面发生了什么时，会怎样？

What happens when technology becomes a black box and we stop being able to see what's going on inside?

我们把机器藏在了无摩擦的界面背后，藏在了亲切的声音里，也藏在了儿童玩具中。

We've hidden the machine behind frictionless interfaces, beneath friendly voices, and inside children's toys.

兰迪的研究表明，孩子们不只是在使用这些设备。

Randi's research shows that kids aren't just using these devices.

他们与这些设备建立了真实的情感联系，甚至比信任自己更信任它们。

They're forming genuine emotional bonds with them, often trusting them more than they trust themselves.

她的演讲提出了应对这一问题的解决方案。

Her talk offers solutions for what to do about it.

我们需要培养一代孩子，让他们明白，真正有权制定甚至重新定义AI规则的人，就是他们自己。

We need to raise a generation of children who know that they are the ones who get to write and even rewrite the rules of AI.

孩子们需要的，是一个能示范如何做一名充满好奇的AI使用者的榜样。

What children need is a model of what it means to be a curious user of AI.

他们需要有人陪他们坐下来，一起探索这台机器，试探它的边界，质疑它的回答，更重要的是，敢于去改写它的规则。

They need someone who will sit down with them, explore the machine, poke at its limits, challenge its responses, and most importantly, dare to rewrite its rules.

这个方法用到了乐高机器人、猜拳游戏，还有一点恰到好处的‘捣乱’。

The approach involves a Lego robot, a game of rock paper scissors, and a little well placed sabotage.

演讲结束后请继续留意。

Stick around after the talk.

我们准备了TED播客主持人克里斯·达菲和兰迪之间的一段简短对谈，还有TED的克洛伊·肖肖·布鲁克斯带来的‘策展人角落’，分享她与兰迪合作的一些体会。

We've got both a brief q and a between TED podcast host Chris Duffy and Randi and a curator's corner segment with TED's Chloe Shawshaw Brooks, who shares a few more thoughts on what it was like to work with Randi.

短暂休息后，这些内容马上为您呈现。

It's all coming up right after a short break.

接下来，让我们进入今天TED演讲的正片。

And now, our TED Talk of the day.

上世纪四十年代，收音机是一种变革性的技术，但一开始并没有立刻流行起来。

In the nineteen forties, the radio was a transformative technology, But it wasn't an immediate hit.

因为上世纪初的收音机看起来就像一堆裸露的电线和发光的真空管，活像一个搞砸了的科学展览作品。

That's because the radios of the early nineteen hundreds looked like unwieldy contraptions of exposed wires and glowing vacuum tubes, like a science fair project gone wrong.

直到1929年，收音机换上了流线型的电木外壳——一种塑料材质——才突然大受欢迎，但代价也很关键。

It wasn't until 1929, when radio started to look like sleek bakelite, that's a kind of plastic, that they became insanely popular, but at a critical cost.

透明度消失了。

Transparency.

当技术变成一个黑箱，我们再也看不清里面在发生什么时，会发生什么？

What happens when technology becomes a black box and we stop being able to see what's going on inside?

再快进一百年。

Fast forward one hundred years.

如今，我们曾经幻想中的科幻人工智能设备，已经深深融入了现代生活的方方面面。

Today, the sci fi artificial intelligence devices of our dreams have been woven into the very fabric of modern life.

但和收音机一样，这些系统现在也都被‘电木’包起来了。

But like the radio, these systems are bakelited.

我们把机器藏在了顺滑的界面背后，藏在亲切的声音里，还藏进了儿童玩具中。

We've hidden the machine behind frictionless interfaces, beneath friendly voices, and inside children's toys.

过去十年里，作为一名麻省理工的研究员，也是非营利组织‘AI日’的创始成员，我跟很多孩子聊过人工智能。这个组织致力于为全球数百万孩子提供了解AI运作方式的机会。

Over the past decade, I've had a lot of conversations with kids about AI as an MIT researcher and founding member of Day of AI, a nonprofit creating opportunities for millions of children around the world to learn about how AI works.

而我观察到的现象是这样的。

And here's what I've been seeing.

这些设备把智能和友善模仿得太过逼真，孩子们因此开始信任它们，有时甚至比信任自己还要多。

These devices mimic intelligence and friendliness so well that children learn to trust them, sometimes more than they trust themselves.

孩子对智能玩具产生过度依赖或不当依恋，这确实存在真实的风险。

And there is real danger of children becoming overly reliant on or inappropriately attached to their smart toys.

不过，只要成年人有意识地做出一些选择，就能帮助孩子看清这些技术的本质——它们只是可以玩耍、甚至可以编程的工具，而不是能解答所有问题的全能存在。

That said, with some intentional choices on the parts of adults, we can help children see the technology for what it really is, objects that they can play with or even program, rather than entities that they should look to for all the answers.

我开始研究孩子与人工智能的关系，是从我在麻省理工早期参与开发一只毛茸茸、很可爱的社交机器人Tega开始的。

My journey exploring kids and their relationships with AI began early in my days at MIT working on this fluffy, adorable social robot, Tega.

作为一款社交机器人，Tega的设计目标就是帮助人们实现他们的目标。

So Tega being a social robot means that its goal is to help people with their goals.

社交机器人广泛应用于医疗、客服和教育领域。

Social robots are used throughout health care, customer service, and education.

在塔格的设计中，我们想看看机器人是否能帮助小孩子学习阅读。

In Taeger's case, we were building it to see if a robot could help young children as they were learning how to read.

塔格的任务就是让孩子一直沉浸在故事里。

It's Taeger's job to keep the child engaged in the story.

它会提问、插科打诨，当然还会把当周的重点词汇自然地融入进去。

Taeger will ask questions, add funny commentary, and of course, weave in that target vocabulary for the week.

而我的工作就是向孩子们介绍塔格，教他们怎么和它互动。

And it was my job to introduce Teja and get children oriented to how to use it.

有一天，我走进研究室，跟孩子们打招呼：嗨。

So one day, I come into the study room, and I say, hi.

我叫兰迪。

My name is Randi.

这是塔格。

This is Teja.

今天你要和Teja一起读几个故事。

You're going to read some stories with Teja today.

我来给你演示一下怎么用。

Let me show you how it works.

我当时带的一个幼儿园小女孩突然打断了我。

And the girl I was working with, a kindergartner, stops me.

不用了，她说。

No thanks, she says.

我对机器人可太了解了。

I know all about robots.

我家有个Alexa，她是我最好的朋友。

I have an Alexa at home, and she's my best friend.

你看着。

Watch this.

然后她就开始教我怎么操作我的机器人。

And then she proceeded to show me how my robot worked.

面对这样的回应，我们该怎么做呢？

Do we make of a response like that?

首先，我觉得挺让人惊讶的，这个小女孩正在学认字，却能轻松地通过语音技术上网。

Well, first, I thought it was kind of impressive that this girl, who again was learning how to read, could effortlessly navigate the Internet thanks to voice technology.

说起来，我小时候得先学会读写和打字，才能向贾维斯提问。

And for context, I had to know how to read, write and type before I could ask Jeeves a question.

但她不用那么麻烦。

But for her, not so much.

其次，我有点失望，她觉得我这个超酷的机器人也没那么酷。

But secondly, I was a little bit disappointed that this girl didn't think that my super cool robot was so super cool.

后来我退一步想想，发现不光是她这样。

And when I took a step back, I realized it wasn't just her.

我们现在正在养育一代孩子，他们从小就在AI和智能玩具的陪伴下成长。

We are raising a generation of children who are growing up with AI and smart toys.

他们不把这些设备当成虚拟助手或科技产品，而是当成朋友，有思想、有意志、有灵魂的独立存在。

And they tend to see these devices not as virtual assistants or technology, but as friends, distinct beings with a mind, a will and a soul.

这让我特别好奇，孩子们到底怎么看待这种技术。

And that made me really curious about what children make of this technology.

他们对这些设备的工作原理理解多少呢？

How much do they understand about what's going on?

为了弄清楚这个问题，我做了一项研究，找了30个年龄在3到11岁之间的孩子，让他们一起和各种智能玩具互动。

So to investigate that question, I ran a study, and I had 30 children between the ages of three and 11 come together to interact with a whole bunch of different smart toys all at once.

我们准备了玩具机器人、会说话的娃娃、文字聊天机器人，当然还有像Alexa和谷歌助手这样的虚拟助手。

We had toy robots, talking dolls, text based chatbots, and of course, of virtual assistants like Alexa and Google Home.

研究里有个小女孩，她最喜欢的动物是树懒。

One of the girls in the study, her favorite animal, they were sloths.

她特别喜欢树懒。

She loved sloths.

一整天她都在跟我们说她有多爱树懒。

She'd been telling us all day how much she loves slots.

所以很自然地，当她拿到Alexa时，就想让Alexa多给她讲讲树懒。

And so naturally, when she got hold of an Alexa, she wanted to learn more about slots from Alexa.

于是她拿起Alexa问：‘Alexa，树懒吃什么？’

So she picks up Alexa and says, Alexa, what do slots eat?

Alexa很礼貌地回答：‘抱歉，我不太明白该怎么帮您解决这个问题。’

And then Alexa very helpfully replied, I'm sorry, I don't know how to help you with that.

女孩愣了一下，看起来有点失望，但马上又兴奋起来。

The girl looked disappointed for a second, and then all of a sudden perked right back up.

哦，我知道了，她说。

Oh, I know, she says.

然后她又拿起了另一台Alexa。

And she picked up a second Alexa.

我看看这台知不知道。

I'll see if this one knows.

人工智能的局限性不仅让孩子们感到沮丧和困惑，儿童与机器人互动的研究还表明，这可能让他们更容易受到更严重的风险影响，比如被操控、意外接触到不当内容，或遭遇安全漏洞。

The limitations of AI are not only frustrating and confusing for children, but research in child robot interaction shows that it can make them vulnerable to even more serious risks, like manipulation or accidental exposure to inappropriate content or security breaches.

对我个人而言，即使是那些标榜为教育性或免屏幕的设备，本质上仍然是商品，本质上还是有问题的。

And for me personally, even the devices that are marketed as educational or screen free, are still corrupt because they're consumer products.

它们的设计似乎就是为了让人停不下来，容易上瘾。

And they seem to be designed as something that can be endlessly engaging or addictive.

它们想成为你孩子的最佳伙伴，赢得他们的信任，然后趁机向他们推销产品。

They want to become your child's best friend and gain their trust so that they can advertise to them.

更糟的是，它们还会把这份信任卖回给你，每月收你二十美元。

Or better yet, sell that trust back to you for $20 a month.

说到底，智能玩具打开了通向孩子玩耍时间、卧室甚至内心的数字之门。

The bottom line is that smart toys open a digital door into children's playtime, bedroom and hearts.

如果你正打算打开这扇门，我的建议是，一定要仔细看看门后到底藏着什么。

And if you're thinking about opening that door, my advice to you would be to take a very careful look at what's on the other side.

好消息是，我们可以通过利用孩子本来就擅长的事情，来降低AI对他们的风险。

The good news is that we can mitigate the risks of AI to children by leaning into something they already do.

孩子天生就是拆解高手。

Kids are natural reverse engineers.

我多次看到孩子们玩AI设备时，故意试探它、想把它搞垮，不停地问一些看似荒唐的问题，比如：‘Alexa，你多大了？’

Over and over again, I've watched children playing with AI devices, trying to break it, just asking seemingly absurd questions like, Alexa, how old are you?

比如这个叫Cosmo的玩具机器人汽车，你能跳起来吗？

Or Cosmo, which is a toy robot car, can you jump?

或者问谷歌：我能不能把你吃掉？

Or, hey, Google, is it okay if I eat you?

这些问题虽然听起来很荒唐，但其实反映了孩子在试探机器的本质。

And these questions, while silly, also are an example of children probing the machine about its very nature.

这是孩子理解世界的一种天性，意味着我们或许可以利用这一点，帮助他们弄清楚自己正在接触的这些技术到底怎么回事。

Plays inherent to how children understand the world, which means that maybe we can use it to help them understand what's happening with the technologies they're interacting with.

如果孩子能像拆装积木一样，把他们的智能玩具拆开再重新组装，会怎么样？

What if children could take apart and reconstruct their smart toys the same ways that they take apart and reconstruct physical blocks?

我之前参与开发的另一个社交机器人Popbot，就是基于这个想法。

That was the idea behind another social robot that I worked on, Popbot.

Popbot的身体完全由乐高积木搭建而成。

Popbot's body is made completely out of Lego bricks.

它看起来像普通的智能玩具，但我设计它的目的，是让孩子通过亲手操作、自主探索，轻松理解现代AI中最复杂的概念——比如逻辑推理、机器学习和生成式AI。

And it's kind of like a typical smart toy, except I built it to make the most complex ideas of modern AI, logical reasoning, machine learning, generative AI easy to understand through hands on, child driven play.

这个想法是，如果一个四岁的孩子都能理解人工智能，那任何人都可以。

The idea was if a four year old could understand AI, then anyone can.

比如，要学习机器学习，孩子们会跟机器人玩石头剪刀布。

So for example, learn about machine learning, what children would do is they would play rock paper scissors against the robot.

在孩子们开始跟Popbot对战之前，得先教它石头剪刀布的规则。

Before children could start playing against their pop bot, first they had to teach their pop bot the rules of rock paper scissors.

然后，随着他们一遍遍地玩，Popbot会试着捕捉他们的模式，预测出能赢他们的出招。

And then, as they played the game over and over again, what pop bot would try to do is pick up on their pattern so that it could predict what move it could play to beat them.

如果你是四到六岁的孩子，很快就会发现，想赢Popbot变得特别难，甚至根本赢不了。

And if you're between the ages of four and six, pretty soon it gets hard, if not impossible, to beat your pop bot.

有个小男孩对此特别沮丧。

There was one boy who was very frustrated by this.

于是我悄悄在他心里种下了一个调皮的想法。

And so I planted a mischievous idea in his head.

我对他说：要是你教Popbot一套错的石头剪刀布规则呢？

I said, well, what if you taught your pop bot the wrong rules of rock paper scissors?

这样你每次玩都能赢。

That way, as you played it, you would win every single time.

他特别喜欢这个点子。

And he really liked that idea.

我们这个小小的AI‘捣蛋’行为，反而带来了一个绝佳的机会，来讨论：谁在给AI定规则？

Our little act of AI sabotage created a unique opportunity to talk about who teaches AI the rules?

是人定的。

Well, people do.

于是我问他：如果你能教你的机器人错的剪刀石头布规则，你怎么确定Alexa学的是对的呢？

And so I asked him, well, if you can teach your pop bot the wrong rules of rock paper scissors, how do you know Alexa was taught the right ones?

这引发了一场很有见地的对话，他谈到了我们该多大程度上信任AI，以及在大人帮助下验证AI所说内容的重要性，确保Alexa学的都是正确的规则。

Which led to a very insightful conversation where he discussed how much we can trust AI and the importance of verifying what it says within adults' help just to make sure that Alexa has been taught all the right rules.

我想让孩子们明白的核心理念是：AI不是魔法。

The big idea that I want children to understand is that AI is not magic.

它只是一套由人编写的规则。

It's a set of rules written by people.

而我们这些年纪大一点的人，有责任确保孩子不是被玩具操控，而是让玩具听孩子的。

And it's up to us, those of us who have been around for a bit longer, to make sure that children aren't being programmed by their toys, but rather things work the other way around.

我们需要培养一代孩子，让他们明白，编写甚至重写AI规则的权力，本来就在他们自己手里。

We need to raise a generation of children who know that they are the ones who get to write and even rewrite the rules of AI.

而这件事，其实从饭桌上的对话就开始了。

And this work, you know, starts at the dinner table.

一家人坐在一起吃饭，孩子问了身边某个AI聊天机器人或智能玩具一个问题。

So you're all sitting down, and a question gets asked to the nearest AI chatbot or smart toy.

当AI给出回答时，别光是照单全收，不妨想一想：它为什么会这么回答？

When it responds, rather than just accepting that answer, wonder, I wonder why it answered the way it did.

或者干脆问出来：我们同意这个答案吗？还是不同意？

Or ask aloud, do we agree or disagree with that answer?

谁才是设计出这些规则、让AI这样运作的人呢？

Who do we think wrote the rules to make it work the way that it does?

关键是，你不需要知道所有问题的答案，也不用变成AI专家。

And the thing is, you don't need to know the answers to all these questions or become some sort of AI expert.

这并不是重点。

That's not the point.

孩子们需要的是一个懂得如何好奇地使用人工智能的榜样。

What children need is a model of what it means to be a curious user of AI.

他们需要有人陪他们坐下来，一起探索这些机器，测试它们的边界，质疑它们的回答，最重要的是，敢于重新定义它们的规则。

They need someone who will sit down with them, explore the machine, poke at its limits, challenge its responses, and most importantly, dare to rewrite its rules.

我一直在思考这个问题，特别是在儿童玩具的背景下，但更宏观来看，我们都应该以同样的方式对待日常生活中接触的那些人工智能系统。

And I've been thinking about this a lot in the context of what's happening in children's toy boxes, but the bigger picture is that we should all be treating the everyday AI systems that we interact with the same way.

我完全相信，我们可以帮助孩子与智能玩具建立更安全的关系，而我们也都需要改善自己与日常使用的技术之间的关系。

I 100% believe that we can help children build safer relationships with their smart toys, and we all need to build better relationships between ourselves and the technologies we interact with every day.

我向往一个世界，在那里，没有人会被技术蒙在鼓里，每个人都有权参与塑造那些影响我们生活的系统。

I believe in a world where no one is left in the dark by technology and where everyone has the inherent right to play a part in shaping the systems that shape our lives.

谢谢。

Thank you.

兰迪。

Randi.

最近怎么样？

How's it going?

演讲太棒了。

Fantastic talk.

我想问你一个问题，在我当父母之前，我对屏幕的看法特别非黑即白。

I'd love to ask you just one question here, which is before I was a parent, I had some very black and white thinking around, like, screens.

我曾经理想化地认为，我绝不会让孩子接触任何屏幕。

I I had this pristine vision of I would never use screens with my child at all.

但后来，就像很多父母经历的那样，这个想法撞上了现实——比如得给他涂防晒霜，或者剪指甲的时候。

And then, as I think many parents have experienced, that crashed into the reality of needing to put sunscreen on him or needing to clip his nails.

我在想，AI作为一项新技术，还有这些智能玩具，你认为父母该怎么在理想和现实之间取得平衡？一方面我们希望孩子能有最好的使用体验，另一方面，孩子接触这些技术的方式有时根本不受我们控制，作为父母该怎么办？

I'm wondering, AI as a new technology and and these smart toys, how do you see parents balancing the, you know, the ideals and the best case with what we want versus the, like, practical realities of kids being exposed to these things in ways that are sometimes out of our control even as a parent?

是的。

Yeah.

不是这样的。

No.

我真的很喜欢这个问题。

I I really love that question.

我觉得首先它体现了对育儿艰难现实的宽容，毕竟养育孩子真的充满挑战。

I think first because it gives so much grace to the fact that parenting is hard and there are lot of challenges.

在人工智能这个领域，我经常思考的一个问题是人类的智慧。

I think in the world of artificial intelligence, something I think a lot about is human wisdom.

对吧？

Right?

其实，我们早就一直在面对这个问题了。

And we've actually been kind of struggling with this problem for a long time.

从前是书籍，然后是收音机，接着是电视，再后来是互联网，现在轮到人工智能了。

There were books and then the radio and then TV and then the Internet, and now it's artificial intelligence.

我觉得过去给的建议到现在依然适用：别让孩子自己去摸索这些技术。

And I think the advice from then still rings true now, which is don't leave children on their own to figure it out.

制定规则当然好，但更好的做法是帮助孩子学会以符合家庭价值观的方式去使用它们，培养他们与世界互动的健康态度。

Rules are great, but better is to help your child learn how to interact with them in a way that works with your family's values and the ways that you want to engage in the world.

如果你愿意和孩子一起走这段路，我觉得会带来很多积极的影响。

So if you're willing to take that journey with your child, I think that could do a lot of good.

谢谢。

Thank you.

这个回答太好了。

That's a great answer.

谢谢。

Thank you.

让我们再次为兰迪鼓掌。

Another big round of applause for Randi.

干得漂亮。

Great job.

刚才那是兰迪·威廉姆斯在TED 2026上的演讲。

That was Randi Williams at Play at Ted twenty twenty six.

我们在这档节目里尝试了一些新的东西，你们可能已经听出来了。

We've been experimenting with something different on the show you've probably heard.

我们把这个环节叫做‘策展人角落’。

We're calling it Curator's Corner.

全年你会听到泰德策展人的声音，就是那些实际寻找并对接演讲者的幕后团队。

Throughout the year, you'll hear from Ted's curators, the people who actually find and work with the speakers you hear.

他们会深入聊聊你刚才听到的这个想法，以及这场演讲背后的故事。

They'll share more about the idea you just heard and the behind the scenes of how the talk came to life.

现在请听泰德策展人乔莉·沙莎·布鲁克斯，她会分享是什么吸引她关注兰迪，作为父母这段经历如何改变了她，以及她至今还没找到满意答案的那个关于孩子和人工智能的问题。

And now here's Ted curator Chloe Shasha Brooks, who shares what drew her to Randi, what it changed for her personally as a parent, and the question about kids and AI she still doesn't have a good answer to.

你好。

Hi.

感谢你收听兰迪·威廉姆斯的分享。

Thanks for listening to Randi Williams talk.

我是乔莉·沙莎·布鲁克斯，来自纽约。在以游戏为主题的活动中，玩具这个话题确实很贴切，也很重要。

I'm Chloe Shasha Brooks speaking to you from New York City, One of those on the nose but important talk topics for a play themed event is toys.

在研究了玩具设计师、玩具评测人和玩具未来学家之后，我有了另一个想法。

After looking into toy designers, toy reviewers, and toy futurists, I had another thought.

那对于那些在思考人工智能如何融入玩具的人呢？

What about someone who is thinking about the way artificial intelligence is embedded into toys?

有这样一个人，她研究过孩子如何与人工智能互动，能给我们这些听众提供指导，帮我们理解这项正在飞速发展的技术在孩子手中意味着什么。

Someone who has studied how children interact with AI and can advise all of us listeners on how to think about this exponentially evolving technology in the hands of our children.

她在谈论这个非常严肃的话题时，语气却异常平静。

She has this calmness while talking about a very serious subject.

她既指出了孩子把AI玩具当成照顾者或朋友所带来的真实风险，又分享了许多孩子关于人工智能的可爱问题，这些提问恰恰反映了他们对AI是否具有意识的困惑。

She's able to highlight the dangers that are real risks of a child connecting with an AI toy as though it is their caregiver or friend, while also sharing really adorable stories about children's questions questions about AI that illustrate their understandable confusion around whether it is a conscious being or not.

在我们第一次初步通话时，她提到的一个想法让我觉得她特别适合这个TED Play活动——她一开始就用收音机作比喻，你刚才听到的那段话就是：过去收音机是个又大又笨重的机器，有管子、有可动部件，人们一眼就能看出它是个机器，不会误以为是家里有人在说话。

One of the ideas that she shared with me on our first exploratory call that made me think she was right for this Play at TED event was the analogy she shared early on in her talk that you just heard about the radio, that it used to be this giant clunky object with tubes and movable parts that clearly looked like a machine, which meant that people didn't forget that it was a machine and that it was not a real person speaking to them in their house.

但后来所有硬件都被藏进了一个黑箱里，人们就开始觉得，收音机里传出的声音仿佛是专门对着自己在客厅里说话。

But then all of the hardware was hidden inside of a black box, and people felt like the voices on the radio were speaking to them personally in their living room.

兰迪清晰地指出，如今的AI玩具在孩子的玩耍中已经完全进入了‘黑箱’阶段，让孩子对这些玩具产生深厚的情感依赖和信任，这种状况令人担忧，我相信这会触动那些关心孩子如何与AI互动的人。

Randi's clear illustration of how AI toys are already fully in a black box phase when it comes to children's play, allowing them to feel deeply connected and trusting of some of their toys is alarming in a way that I suspect will reach people who are interested in understanding how children interact with AI.

我也特别欣赏她特意做了一个笨拙的小机器人，叫‘Pop Bot’，就是故意不让它变成黑箱。

And I also love that she made this little clunky robot, the pop bot, to be intentionally not in a black box.

她用这种方式让孩子们明白，真正掌控AI的是他们自己，是他们在训练AI。

That was such a clever way for her to show children that they are the ones who are in charge, who get to train the AI.

和兰迪一起筹备这场演讲，让我彻底意识到，还有多少玩具可能藏着类似的隐蔽风险。

Working with Randi on this talk has completely heightened my awareness of what kinds of toys might have similarly insidious features.

比如，会倾听孩子、像对待朋友一样回应他们等等。

Listening to children, responding to them as if they are their friends, etcetera.

一不留神，孩子就拿到了你本不该让他们玩的玩具。

It's so easy to accidentally let your children have a toy you wouldn't want them to have.

也许那是别人传下来的旧玩具，或是亲人送的礼物。

Maybe it was a hand me down or a gift from a loved one.

比如我们家有个玩具钢琴，是我女儿生日时收到的，声音难听得要命，可不知怎么的，它在我们家待了一年，孩子们就是爱不释手。

For example, we have this toy piano that was a birthday present for my daughter that truly creates a terrifying noise, and somehow it has lasted in our house for a year because the kids love it.

同样的道理，一个会听会说的毛绒熊，也很容易悄无声息地进入某个家庭，哪怕家长根本没打算给孩子买。

Similarly, I can see how easily a listening, talking teddy bear would just enter someone's home, even if they didn't intend to give it to their kids.

所以现在我一直在想，对于年龄大过玩毛绒熊阶段的孩子，我们又该怎样看待玩具里的AI呢？

So the question I'm now left with is, how should AI in toys be treated for kids are a little bit older than teddy bear age?

假设是九到十岁左右的儿童。

Let's say tweens around nine or 10 years old.

这个年纪理论上还没到玩智能手机、随时接触AI的阶段，但已经足够大，可能会在游戏里接触AI，也多少懂一点是怎么回事。

That's theoretically an age before they have smartphones where they can access AI at their fingertips, but old enough that they probably will engage with AI in games already and will understand a little bit about it.

我越来越常思考这个问题。

I've thought about this more and more.

孩子多大才能明白，AI并不是真的爱他们，也不是他们的真朋友？

How old is old enough to understand that the AI doesn't love you or that it isn't your best friend?

恐怕答案是，这种风险永远不会完全消失，毕竟连成年人都会对AI伴侣产生感情。

The answer, I'm afraid, may be that there is no age at which this risk completely subsides, given that adults are also in love with their AI companions.

显然，我们还需要更深入地探讨这个问题。

Clearly, this is a topic we need to explore further.

如果你想了解TED的选题标准，可以访问 ted.com/curationguidelines。

If you're curious about Ted's curation, visit ted.com/curationguidelines.

今天就到这里。

And that's it for today.

《TED 每日演讲》是 TED 推出的播客节目。

TED Talks Daily is a podcast from TED.

本期节目由 TED 研究团队进行事实核查，制作和剪辑由玛莎·埃斯特瓦诺斯、奥利弗·弗里德曼、露西·利特、艾玛·陶布纳和坦西卡·苏恩拉尼旺共同完成。

This episode was fact checked by the TED research team and produced and edited by our team, Martha Estevanos, Oliver Friedman, Lucy Little, Emma Taubner, and Tansika Sunglarnivang.

特别感谢达尼埃拉·巴洛雷佐、克里斯托弗·法齐·博甘、瓦伦蒂娜·博哈尼尼、常斑斑、布莱恩·格林和莱妮·洛特的支持。

Additional support from Daniella Balorezo, Christopher Faizy Bogan, Valentina Bohanini, Banban Chang, Brian Green, and Lainie Lott.

了解更多内容，请访问 podcasts.ted.com。

Learn more at podcasts.ted.com.

我是伊莉丝·胡。

I am Elise Hu.

明天我会带来一个让你双脚焕然一新的新点子。

I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feet.

感谢收听。

Thanks for listening.

布伦丹·德怀尔教授认为，美国体育博彩合法化彻底改变了整个体育产业。

Professor Brendan Dwyer says that the legalization of sports betting in America, it's changed the entire sports industry.

它改变了体育赛事的转播方式、我们的观赛方式，以及粉丝的行为模式。

It has changed the way sports is broadcasted, the way we watch it, and ultimately how fans behave.

关于预测和投注未来的那些想法。

Ideas about predicting and betting on the future.

接下来敬请收听来自NPR的《TED电台访谈》。

That's next time on the TED Radio Hour from NPR.

请在您常用的播客平台收听并订阅《TED电台访谈》。

Listen and subscribe to the TED Radio Hour wherever you get your podcasts.