每日百万份校餐的蓝图——Wawira Njiru

你正在收听TED每日演讲，我们每天为你带来新的想法，激发你的好奇心。我是主持人Elise Hu。到2030年之前，每天在肯尼亚为100万名儿童供餐，并在非洲其他地区再覆盖200万人？这确实是非常了不起的数字。在这场演讲中，食品领域的开拓者Warira Najiru分享了她的组织‘Food for Education’（教育供餐）如何改变我们对可能性的认知。

You're listening to TED Talks Daily where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. Feeding 1,000,000 kids daily in Kenya by 20 '30 and two million more across Africa? Now that is great math. In this talk, food trailblazer Warira Najiru shares how her organization, Food for Education, is changing the script on what is possible.

在非洲各地正在发生一些创新性的解决方案，这些方案可以作为可持续且规模化供餐的蓝图。她呼吁我们重新想象非洲大陆，不要将其视为一个危机频发的地区，而应将其视为可能性的灵感来源。现在，是时候倾听非洲的声音了。

There are innovative solutions taking place across Africa, which can serve as a blueprint for feeding children sustainably and at scale. It's time, she asks us, to reimagine the continent not as a crisis zone, but as the source of inspiration for what is possible. And it's time we listen.

当你想到世界饥饿时，脑海中浮现的是什么？一个非洲瘦弱挨饿的孩子？一位赶来拯救困境的援助人员？一袋印着遥远国家国旗的粮食？现在，再想象另一种画面：一位农民正在收获新鲜作物，他确信这些粮食将用来喂养当地的学童，而不是以低廉价格流入波动不定的市场；在肯尼亚各地，热闹的厨房每天供应成千上万份餐食，由清洁能源驱动，由当地妇女运营。

What do you see when you picture world hunger? A skinny, starving kid in Africa, an aid worker swooping in to save the day, a grain sack stumped with the flag of a distant nation. Now picture something else. A farmer harvesting fresh crops, securing the knowledge that they will feed local schoolchildren instead of disappearing at a throwaway price to a volatile market. Bustling kitchens across Kenya serving thousands of meals daily, powered by clean energy and run by local women.

一位母亲只需轻触腕带，就能为孩子的午餐做出贡献。长久以来，世界一直认为饥饿是非洲的问题，而解决这个问题的是西方。但如果非洲拥有未来供餐的蓝图呢？我成长在一个慷慨为本的家庭。我的父母是医疗工作者和教会领袖，这意味着他们总是愿意帮助别人，即使我们自己也不富裕。

A mother contributing to her child's lunch with a tap of a wristband. Now the world has long treated hunger as a crisis that Africa suffers and the West solves. But what if Africa had the blueprint to feeding the future? I was raised in a home where generosity was a way of life. My parents were health care workers and church leaders, and that meant they were always willing to help, even when we didn't have much ourselves.

我来讲一个故事。有一次，我父亲卖掉了我们家里唯一的电视机，去帮助一个需要钱的人。现在听起来这似乎非常无私，但当时我还是个孩子，对此真的很生气，甚至现在还有点生气。我们的家从来就不仅仅是属于我们自己的。

I'll tell you a story. My dad once sold our TV, the only TV we had, to help someone who needed the money. It sounds so altruistic now, but as a kid, I was really pissed at that. And I'm kind of still pissed at it. Our home was never really just ours.

总有人和我们一起住，总有人需要一顿饭，他们就是无法拒绝帮助别人。但正是这种精神塑造了我。当我启动学校午餐项目时，我并不是想终结世界饥饿。我当时是一名21岁的大学生，只是想帮助我在Riru社区的孩子们。Riru是位于肯尼亚首都内罗毕郊外的一个小镇。在我成长的地方，孩子们最终并没有像我一样幸运。

There was always someone staying with us, someone who needed a meal, someone who they just could not turn away. But that spirit shaped me. When I started a school lunch program, I was not trying to end world hunger. I was a 21 year old university student trying to help kids in my community of Riru, a town that's outside Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. Back where I grew up, kids in my neighborhood did not end up like me.

当我在吃饱饭的情况下上学、准备充分、学习积极时，他们却饿着肚子走进教室。结果，他们中的许多人被留级，甚至有人辍学。但我知道，他们每一个人都眼睁睁看着自己的潜力被浪费。饥饿是机会的小偷，我们必须在它吞噬我们所有人之前阻止它。因此，作为一名营养学学生，我开始研究学校供餐项目，但我发现的大多是存在缺陷的系统和未能兑现的承诺。

While I went to school well fed, ready and able, they went to class on empty stomachs. And as a result, many of them were held back and others dropped out. But I know every single one of them saw their potential being wasted. Hunger was a thief of opportunity, one that we had to stop before it swallowed us all. So as a nutrition student, I started researching on school feeding programs, but what I mostly found was flawed systems and broken promises.

在整个非洲，许多粮食供应由外国组织主导，以援助为主。他们依赖仓库里堆满进口食品，边缘化了本地生产者，也没有让当地社区或政府参与其中。而在西方，尽管学校供餐几乎普及，但也有自己的问题。项目依赖加工食品和复杂的供应链，这对环境和本地经济都有害。在我们肯尼亚国内，除了少数定向项目外，一些学校提供餐食，但通常价格昂贵且效率低下。

Across Africa, a lot of the food supply was run by foreign organizations, and it was aid based. They relied on warehouses full of imported food, sidelining locust producers and not involving local communities or governments. Elsewhere in the West, where school meals were almost universal, they had issues of their own. Programs relied on processed foods and complex supply chains that were harmful to the environment and local economies. At home in Kenya, outside a few targeted programs, a few schools provided kids meals, but it was often expensive and inefficient.

学校通常要求家长提前支付费用，这对低收入家庭来说是难以想象的。质量也是一个问题，经常出现食物变质和污染的情况。于是我停了下来。我不再寻找完美的模式，而是开始关注我身边社区和人们的长处。这就是‘教育供餐’（Food for Education）的起点——一个由非洲主导、本地运营的解决儿童饥饿问题的方案。

Schools would often require parents to pay in advance, which was inconceivable for low income families. Quality was also an issue, with high incidences of spoilage and contamination. So I stopped. I stopped looking for the perfect model, and I started looking at the strengths of the communities and the people around me. That was the start of Food for Education, an African led and locally run solution to ending childhood hunger.

学校供餐项目已经存在了几百年，这是社会可以提供的最可靠的福利保障之一。事实上，我相信你们当中很多人可能还记得自己小时候最喜欢的学校餐食，我也希望那段记忆是美好的。然而，非洲是全球学校供餐覆盖率最低的地区，仅为19%。如果纽约和伦敦能做到学校餐食无处不在，那么非洲也完全可以做到，并且应该做到。

School feeding programs have existed for hundreds of years. It's one of the most bankable social safety nets a society can offer. In fact, I'm so sure many of you may remember your favorite school meal from your younger days, and I hope that memory is a good one. And yet Africa has the lowest penetration of school feeding programs globally, at just 19%. If school meals can be ubiquitous in New York and London, they can and should be in Africa too.

学校是孩子们聚集的地方，他们在这里度过一天中的大部分时间。事实上，今天非洲有6亿孩子。这是非常多的孩子。这也使得学校成为提供关键营养的最实用且最具影响力的地方。通过在学校里为孩子们提供食物，我们不仅是在提供热量，更是在赋予他们专注、成长和茁壮成长的能力。

Schools are where children gather, where they spend most of their day. In fact, we have 600,000,000 kids in Africa today. That's a lot of kids. That makes schools the most practical and impactful place to deliver critical nutrition. By feeding kids in school, we're not just giving them calories, we're giving them the ability to focus, to grow and to thrive.

因此今天，我们借助地方政府的力量、家长的参与以及技术的创新，每天提供50万份餐食。但我们是怎么做到的呢？

So today, we harness the power of local governments, parent ownership and technological ingenuity to provide half a million meals daily. But how?

谢谢。

Thank you.

长期以来，学校供餐项目一直依赖全球供应链，因此我们很自然地意识到，必须与当地的小农户合作。每一份餐食中，都有在最近一个季节收获的食材，这使得我们的餐食新鲜、营养、美味，同时也支持了当地的经济。玛丽是我家乡的一位供应商，现在她供应的豆袋数量是2012年的1万倍。她第一次给我们送货是用一辆摩托车，最近一次送货用了65辆卡车。

School feeding programs have long struggled with global supply chains, so it was obvious to us that we needed to work with local smallholder farmers. On every plate, there are ingredients that have been harvested in the most recent season, making our meals fresh, nutritious, delicious and supporting our local economies. Mary, a supplier from my hometown, now provides us 10,000 times the number of bags of beans than she provided to us in 2012. Her first delivery to us was with a motorbike. Her latest, 65 trucks.

我为她感到由衷的高兴。我们的餐食成本非常低，每份只需30美分，这使它成为肯亚最实惠且营养最丰富的餐食。家长只需支付部分补贴费用，孩子们只需轻轻一刷就可以用餐。我们的厨房设计注重规模，也更环保。我们在内罗毕建成了非洲最大的绿色厨房，每天为6万名孩子提供餐食。

I love that for her. Our meals are cost efficient at just 30¢, making it Kenya's most affordable and nutritious meal. Parents contribute a subsidized amount, and kids just tap to eat. Our kitchens are built for scale and better for the planet. We have built Africa's largest green kitchen in Nairobi, feeding 60,000 kids a day.

但这项工作的关键在于与政府携手合作。尽管这并不容易，但作为一个真正属于非洲、扎根当地组织，我们已经能够与政府建立长期合作关系，以实现可持续发展。当政府承诺推动学校供餐计划时，意味着真正的厨房、真正的预算和政策上的切实改变。这意味着，孩子们不再依赖一个可能明天就消失的非政府组织，而是可以依靠更强大的力量——政府对孩子们获得食物和教育权利的公开承诺。我们希望在整个非洲都能看到这样的改变。

But the key to this work is working hand in hand with governments. Although it's hard, as a truly African and local organization, we've been able to partner with our government for long long term sustainability. When governments commit to school feeding, it can mean real kitchens, real budgets and real policy changes. It can mean instead of a child relying on an NGO that might go away tomorrow, they can rely on something greater, a public commitment to their right to food and education. We want to see that across Africa.

我们正在重新定义学校餐食应有的样子。从最初那个每天只能为25个孩子供餐的小厨房，我们已经提供了超过1亿份餐食。我们计划到2030年，在肯亚每天为100万个孩子提供餐食，并通过与非洲各国政府的合作，再为另外200万个孩子提供可持续和可扩展的学校供餐计划。今天，世界上每八个人中就有一个是非洲人，像我一样。到2050年，每四个人中就有一个是非洲人。

We are redefining what school meals can and should be. Since that first tiny kitchen feeding 25 kids a day, we've served over a 100,000,000 meals. We will feed a million kids a day in Kenya by 2,030 and two million more through our work with African governments to make school feeding programs sustainable and scalable. Today, one in eight people in the world are African, like me. By 2050, we'll be one in four.

这些孩子是未来的全球劳动力。我们正在努力创造一个未来：孩子们只会偶尔感受到饥饿作为一种短暂的期待感，而不是长期的生存状态；一个所有非洲孩子都能充分发挥自身潜力的未来。但这不仅仅是一个肯亚的故事，或是一个非洲的故事，而是关乎整个世界。我们如何喂养我们的孩子，决定了他们将继承怎样的一个星球。

These kids are the future global workforce. We're feeding a future where kids will know hunger only as a fleeting sense of anticipation and not a constant state of being, a future where all African kids can live up to their potential. But this is not just a Kenyan story or an African story. It's the world. How we feed our kids determines the kind of planet they'll inherit.

如果我们能在非洲——人类的发源地——把这件事做好，我们或许就能向世界展示前进的方向。谢谢。

And if we get it right in Africa, the place where humanity began, we might just show the world the way forward. Thank you.

以上是Warira Najiru在TED 2025上的演讲。这个宏大的构想是Audacious Project的一部分，这是TED发起的一项倡议，旨在激励并资助全球变革。了解更多请访问audaciousproject.org。如果你想了解TED的内容筛选机制，请访问ted.com/curationguidelines。今天的节目就到这里。

That was Warira Najiru at TED twenty twenty five. This ambitious idea is part of the Audacious Project, TED's initiative to inspire and fund global change. Learn more at audaciousproject.org. If you're curious about Ted's curation, find out more at ted.com/curationguidelines. And that's it for today's show.

TED Talks Daily 是 TED 音频系列的一部分。本期节目由我们的团队制作和编辑，团队成员包括 Martha Estevanos、Oliver Friedman、Brian Green、Lucy Little、Alejandra Salazar 和 Tonsika Samarnivon。混音由 Christopher Faizy Bogan 完成。Emma Taubner 和 Daniela Balorazzo 提供了额外的支持。我是 Elise Hu。

TED Talks Daily is part of the TED Audio Collective. This episode was produced and edited by our team, Martha Estevanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Green, Lucy Little, Alejandra Salazar, and Tonsika Samarnivon. It was mixed by Christopher Faizy Bogan. Additional support from Emma Taubner and Daniela Balorazzo. I'm Elise Hu.

明天我会带着一个全新的想法回到你的订阅中。感谢收听。

I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feed. Thanks for listening.

汤姆·奥克斯利医生正引领着一群技术专家，他们竞相开发可以植入我们大脑的设备。

Doctor Tom Oxley is leading the pack of technologists racing to make devices that go inside our brains.

你只需通过大脑想象尝试移动的动作，就能直接操控鼠标或键盘，就像一个由大脑控制的蓝牙鼠标一样。

You're able to directly manipulate a mouse or a keyboard by thinking about trying to move, almost like a Bluetooth mouse controlled out of the brain.

在一个特别系列节目中，聆听这些技术先知的声音。这就是下次 NPR 出品的 TED Radio Hour 的内容。欢迎订阅或在任何你获取播客的地方收听 TED Radio Hour。

Hear from the prophets of technology in a special series. That's next time on the TED Radio Hour from NPR. Subscribe or listen to the TED Radio Hour wherever you get your podcasts.