人工智能会让人类变得无用吗？| 阿克拉姆·阿瓦德

工艺是一种视角，独特的眼光，对细节的极致专注。

Craft is a matter of perspective, a unique outlook, an obsessive attention to detail.

借助瑞银首席投资办公室的全球观点，我们专注于识别最新投资机会与市场风险，助您实现财务目标。

With UBS' chief investment office house view, we're focused on identifying the latest investment opportunities and market risks to help you achieve your financial goals.

因此您将获得被分解为发人深省见解的全景图。

So you get the big picture broken down into thought provoking insights.

每日推送，由200多位全球互联、本地活跃的分析师精心策划。

Delivered daily and curated by over 200 globally connected, locally active analysts.

瑞银，财富管理是我们的专长。

UBS, managing wealth is our craft.

我是雪莉·多尔西，TED科技频道的主持人，我们在这里探索科技领域的最新创新与思想。

I'm Sheryl Dorsey, and I host TED Tech, where we explore the latest innovations and ideas coming out of the tech world.

最近，我采访了来自全球各地的人士，以获取关于技术与地球未来的新视角。

Recently, I interviewed people from across the globe to get a new perspective on technology and the future of our planet.

这些采访被汇编成我节目中的一个系列，您将听到来自微软'AI向善'项目负责人胡安·M·拉维斯塔·费雷塞、影响力投资者兼Acumen CEO杰奎琳·诺沃格拉茨，以及肯尼亚农民兼社区建设者约瑟芬·瓦维鲁的故事。

The interviews are compiled into a series on my show, where you'll hear stories from the AI for good executive from Microsoft, Juan m Lavista Ferrese, impact investor and CEO of Acumen, Jacqueline Novogratz, and farmer and community builder from Kenya, Josephine Waweru.

在TED Tech节目中聆听与这些创新者的深度对话，了解他们如何以及为何重新构想滋养地球的方式，该节目可在您获取播客的任何平台收听。

Hear in-depth conversations with these innovators and more on how and why they're reimagining how to nourish the planet on TED Tech, available wherever you get your podcasts.

您正在收听TED Talks Daily，我们每天为您带来激发好奇心的新观点。

You're listening to TED Talks daily where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day.

我是主持人Elise Hu。

I'm your host, Elise Hu.

想象一觉醒来，发现自己毕生建立的事业和身份认同被人工智能超越。

Imagine waking up to find that the job you built your entire life and identity around can be outperformed by AI.

在这场演讲中，人工智能未来学家Akram Awad探讨了这一现象如何成为许多人的现实。

In this talk, AI futurist Akram Awad explores how this is becoming a reality for many people.

但Akram指出，当人们失去身份认同时，我们需要建立空间和社区来帮助他们重新发现真正的自我。

But as they lose a sense of identity, Akram says, we need to develop the spaces and communities to help them rediscover who they really are.

他为此提供了一个重新构想的框架。

He offers a framework for that reimagining.

想象明天醒来时发现你的工作...

Imagine waking up tomorrow and realizing your job.

你接受过的所有训练、让父母为你骄傲的一切、让你感到自己有用的所有事情，现在都不再被需要了。

Everything that you have trained for, everything that made your parents proud, everything that made you feel useful is no longer needed.

不是因为你做错了什么，仅仅是因为AI算法现在能做得更好。

Not because you've done anything wrong, but simply because an AI algorithm can now do it better.

以迪拜的医生埃琳娜为例。

Take the example of Elena, a medical doctor in Dubai.

多年来，她肩负着生死攸关的决策重任，但如今，AI系统已能诊断疾病、设计治疗方案，甚至进行诊疗咨询。

For years, she was trusted with life and death decisions, But today, AI systems can diagnose diseases, can design treatments, can even conduct consultations.

事实上，她所在的医院已在考虑削减人类医生的编制。

In fact, her hospital is already considering cutting the headcount of human physicians.

埃琳娜不禁思考，如果AI机器能接管大部分医疗工作，还有什么事情是只有人类医生才能完成的？

Elena is wondering, if AI machines can take over most of medicine, what is left that only a human doctor can do?

对全球数百万像埃琳娜这样的人来说，这已不再是科幻情节。

For millions like Elena around the world, this is not science fiction anymore.

这是一个正在展开的现实，而最令我担忧的是，我们可能不仅面临就业危机，还将陷入存在意义的危机。

This is an unfolding reality, and the part that worries me the most is that we might be heading toward not just a job crisis, but also a purpose crisis.

但如果我们看待这个问题的方式本身就是错误的呢？

But what if we're looking at this the wrong way?

如果AI不是人生意义的终结，而是重新构想意义的新起点呢？

What if AI isn't the end of purpose, but rather the beginning for a new way to imagine it?

我与世界各国领导人合作制定国家AI议程、建设数字经济并设计未来城市。

I work with country leaders around the world to shape national AI agendas, build digital economies, and design cities of the future.

无论我去往何处，无论议程多么技术化，最终几乎都会听到相同的问题。

And no matter where I go and how technical the agenda is, I almost always end up hearing the same questions.

第一个问题很现实。

The first one is practical.

如果AI将接管我们的工作，我们该如何生存？

If AI is going to take over our jobs, how are we going to survive?

我们该如何支付账单？

How will we pay our bills?

这才是房间里显而易见却无人提及的大问题。

Now that is the elephant in the room.

是的。

Yes.

确实，政府和经济学家必须立即着手重新设计这个一直维系我们社会的体系。

And indeed, governments and economists must start working very urgently to redesign the very system that has been sustaining our communities.

但这不是我今天想重点讨论的问题，因为第二个问题更为深刻。

But that's not the question I want to focus on today, because the second question runs even deeper.

人工智能会让我们变得无用吗？

Will AI make us useless?

如果我们不工作，那我们是谁？

If we don't work, then who are we?

如果我不生产，我还有存在的价值吗？

If I don't produce, do I even still matter?

看，几个世纪以来，我们一直将身份和价值与工作绑定。

See, for centuries, we've tied our identity and our worth to what we do.

农民、工厂工人、程序员、顾问，在现代生活中，工作与职业已成为社会组织和定义的核心原则。

Farmers, factory workers, coders, consultants, work and jobs became the organizing and defining principle of our society in modern life.

但过去并非如此。

But it wasn't always this way.

在工业革命之前，我们的身份认同来源于信仰、家庭和社区。

Before the industrial revolution, our identity came from faith, from family, from community.

工作只是生活的一部分，而非生活的全部定义。

Work was part of life, but it wasn't the very definition of it.

随后工业化到来，我们不仅实现了生产工业化。

Then came industrialization, and we didn't just industrialize production.

我们还实现了身份认同的工业化。

We also industrialized identity.

你是做什么的？

What do you do?

这个问题成了'你是谁'的速记表达。

Became shorthand for who are you?

而如今的人工智能正在彻底瓦解这种模式。

And AI today is dismantling fully that model.

人工智能正在全面自动化各类任务，涵盖制造业、物流、设计、客户服务，甚至创意工作领域。

AI is automating tasks across the board, in manufacturing, in logistics, in design, in customer services, even in creative work.

如今的人工智能可以作曲、编写代码、为书籍绘制插图，还能完成更多任务。

AI today can compose music, can design codes, can illustrate books and way much more.

事实上，世界经济论坛预测到2025年，人工智能执行的任务量将超过人类，数亿工作岗位面临风险。

In fact, the World Economic Forum predicts that by this year, 2025, AI will be doing more tasks than humans, and hundreds of millions of jobs are at risk.

但这不仅仅是就业问题。

But this isn't just about jobs.

这关乎人生意义。

This is about meaning.

这关乎尊严价值。

This is about dignity.

这关乎当曾经赋予我们价值的事物变得过时后会发生什么。

This is about what happens when the one thing that once gave us value becomes obsolete.

如果我们不够谨慎，可能都将陷入一场大萧条——但这次不是收入危机，而是身份认同危机。

And if we're not careful, we might all be heading toward a great depression, but this time, not of income, but of identity.

让我来介绍一个AI时代人类角色的框架。

Let me introduce a framework for human roles in the age of AI.

我称之为差距圈。

I call it the gap circles.

守护者、适应者和开拓者。

The guardians, the adapters and the pioneers.

我们先从守护者开始。

Let's first start with the guardians.

这些人将致力于人类作为一个物种的存续。

These are people that will be driven by our survival as a humanity.

他们将在医学、生物学、药理学、气候科学领域工作，但AI也将彻底重新定义和重塑他们的角色。

They'll be working in medicine, in biology, in pharmacology, in climate sciences, but even their roles will be heavily redefined and reshaped by AI.

以同一个人为例，埃琳娜医生，现在是一个AI主导的免疫学实验室的人类验证员。

Take the same person, Elena, the medical doctor, now a human validator in an AI led immunology lab.

她实验室的首席科学家不是人类，而是一个基于全球生物医学数据训练的AI。

The lead scientist in her lab isn't a human, but an AI trained on global biomedical data.

埃琳娜运用她的医学知识来确保产出在伦理上是合理的且与人类相关。

Elena leverages her medical knowledge to ensure that the output is ethically sound and human relevant.

接下来，我们来说开拓者。

Next, we have the pioneers.

这些人受好奇心而非生存需求驱动。

Those are driven by curiosity rather than survival.

需要明确的是，这两者并不总是相辅相成的。

And to be clear, these two don't always go hand in hand.

他们将成为物理学家、科学家、探险家、宇航员和哲学家。

They'll be the physicists, the scientists, the explorers, the astronauts, the philosophers.

一位被AI完全取代工作的物流经理，可能会重新拾起对天文学、观星和行星系统的旧日热情，并利用AI驱动的技能提升工具成为宇宙系统架构师。

A logistics manager whose job has been fully replaced by AI might find himself leaning to an old passion for astronomy and stargazing and planetary systems, and he uses AI powered upskilling tools to become a cosmic systems architect.

这个职位名称可真够拗口的。

What a mouthful for a job title.

总之，他与一个训练了数十年天体物理学数据的AI共事。

Anyway, he works with an AI that is trained on decades of astrophysics data.

他们共同模拟宇宙，一起探索我们认知之外的宇宙奥秘。

Together, they simulate the cosmos, and they explore together what lies in the universe behind our understanding.

也许有一天，谁知道呢，他们可能会发现外星生命。

And maybe one day, you never know, they might discover aliens.

介于两者之间的是适应者群体，这是最大且可能最被忽视的圈子。

Sandwiched between the two are the adapters, the largest and probably most overlooked circle or group.

这些人不会被他们的产出或头衔所定义，而是取决于他们的生活方式、人际关系以及创造意义的方式。

Those won't be measured by their output or their titles, but rather by how they live, how they connect and how they create meaning.

一位平面设计师可能会在AI自动化了她大部分工作后，重新思考自己在这个世界的位置。

A graphic designer might find herself rethinking her place in this world as AI automates most of her work.

于是她转向了以社区为基础的创意工作。

So she pivots to community based creativity.

她组织社区艺术工作坊，照顾父亲，还主持一档关于情商的播客节目。

She runs community art workshops, takes care of her father, and runs and hosts a podcast on emotional intelligence.

虽然她现在没有传统意义上的工作，但她为社区做出了深远的贡献。

Now, she's not traditionally employed, yes, but she deeply contributes to her community.

现在你们中有些人可能会想，这听起来像是一个新的阶级体系，在某种程度上确实如此，但它不会基于财富或地位。

Now some of you might be thinking, this sounds like a new class system, and in some ways, it is, but it's not going to be based on wealth or status.

守护者和先驱者可能成为未来的精英，但不是因为他们拥有什么，而是因为他们贡献了什么。

The guardians and the pioneers might be the elites of the future, but not for what they own, but rather for what they contribute.

因此，在未来，传承而非金钱将成为人们追求的货币。

So legacy, not money, becomes the currency of aspiration in the future.

而且这些群体很可能是流动的。

And these circles are likely to be fluid.

今天的守护者未来可能成为适应者，适应者可能努力成为先驱者，以此类推。

So a guardian today might become an adapter in the future, an adapter might push themselves to become a pioneer, and so on.

随着人工智能持续重塑工作形态，这些角色的范围可能会缩小，但其意义或价值肯定会扩大。

And as AI continues to reshape work, these roles might shrink in their scope, but they will certainly expand in their meaning or value.

别搞错了，适应者本身也不会被动。

And make no mistake, the adapters themselves will not be passive.

他们同样会追求认可，而非财富积累。

They will also seek recognition, not wealth accumulation.

因为在一个人人更看重贡献而非金钱的世界里，认可将成为新的身份象征。

Because in a world that is driven less by money and more by contribution, recognition becomes the new status symbol.

现在你可能会问，我们如何实现这个愿景？

Now you might ask, how can we make this real?

首先，我们需要重新思考如何回报贡献。

First, we need to rethink how we compensate contribution.

随着AI减少对传统工作的需求，我们需要设计新系统，在薪资之外提供价值与保障，确保每个人都能获得最低限度的资源保障，让他们有尊严地生活。

As AI reduces the need for traditional work, we need to design new systems that can bring value and security beyond the paychecks, ensuring that everyone has guaranteed access to the minimum level of resources that would allow them to live with dignity.

但在这个基础之上，人们能获得的额外收入应取决于他们如何通过微小而有意义的贡献行为来度过时光——比如照顾年迈的父母、种植公共花园、培育人际关系以及为社区创造新价值。

But beyond that foundation, the additional earnings people will be able to make should depend on how they spend their time through the small, meaningful acts of contribution that they can bring to their society, like caring for an aging parent or planting a public garden through the connections they nurture and the new meaning they add in their communities.

其次，我们需要重塑教育体系，不仅要培养技能，还要培养品格、情商、道德、韧性和创造力。

Second, we need to rewire education, not only for skills, but also for character, emotional intelligence, ethics, resilience, creativity.

教育不仅要让人学会谋生，更要让人学会融入社会。

Education must prepare people not only to earn, but also to belong.

第三，我们必须投资建设情感基础设施。

Third, we must invest in our emotional infrastructure.

随着工作消失，身份认同也将随之消失，我们需要那些能帮助人们重新发现真实自我的空间和社区。

As jobs disappear, so will identities, and we need the spaces and the communities that can help people rediscover who they really are.

最后，我们需要一个生态系统，让我们今天就能测试所有这些想法——那些可以试点贡献、认可和归属新方式的城市和校园。

And finally, we need the ecosystem that would allow us to test all of these ideas today, cities and campuses where we can pilot to new ways for contribution, for recognition, and for belonging.

想象每天早晨醒来时，看到的每日推送不是股票价格，而是你周围这些美好的微小贡献。

Imagine waking up every morning to a daily feed, not filled with stock prices, but these beautiful small contributions around you.

今天是谁帮助孩子学会了阅读？是谁创作了振奋人心的新音乐？是谁在排队时指导了他人？

Who helped a child how to read today, who composed new music that lifted spirits, who mentored someone in line.

今天是谁发表了鼓舞人心的Tip Talk？

Who gave an inspiring Tip Talk today?

这些任务和行为本身或许微不足道，但汇聚起来，它们就成为了社会的心跳。

Each of these tasks and acts might be small on their nature, but together, they become the heartbeat of the society.

坦率地说，这不仅仅是政策问题。

And let's be honest, this isn't just about policy.

这关乎我们社会的根本基础。

This is about the very foundation of our society.

我们的社会建立在一种简单的循环之上。

Our communities have been built on a simple loop.

人们工作、赚钱、积累和消费。

People work, earn, accumulate, and spend.

政府通过对劳动征税来资助公共生活。

Government tax that labor to fund public life.

但在传统工作消失的世界里，这个循环就会断裂。

But in a world where that traditional work disappears, that loop breaks.

关于生产力等同于目标、或收入等同于贡献的假设，所有这些都需要重新审视和构想。

The assumption that productivity means purpose or that income means contribution, all of that has to be revisited and reimagined.

所以未来真正的问题不是：人工智能会让我们变得无用吗？

So the real question in the future isn't, will AI make us useless?

而是：当我们不再需要仅为生存而工作时，我们选择成为什么？

But rather, what do we choose to become when we no longer have to work just to survive?

如果这个未来听起来有些抽象，我希望在座的每个人都回想一下生命中最有意义、最特别的时刻——那些当你独处或与所爱之人相聚时会铭记的时刻。

And if that future sounds a bit abstract, I want each one of you to think about the most meaningful and special moments in your life, the ones that you remember when you are either alone or surrounded by those who you love.

这些时刻是发生在你的办公桌前，还是在那些充满联结、创造力和同理心的时刻？

Did these moments happen at your desk or were they moments of connection, of creativity and compassion?

这才是我们能够且应该构建的未来。

That is the future we can and we should build.

但它不会偶然发生。

But it won't happen by accident.

这需要政策支持，但更需要一次文化重塑。

It will take policies, yes, but even more, a cultural reset.

我们必须停止教导人们用产出来衡量自身价值，而应该让人们为一个工作不再是身份核心的未来世界做好准备。

We must stop teaching people that their worth will only be measured by their output, and we should start preparing people for a future and a world where work is no longer the center of identity.

因为人工智能时代不仅是对我们技术的考验。

Because the age of AI isn't just about testing our technology.

更是对我们想象力的考验。

It's also about testing our imagination.

所以让我们展开更好的想象吧。

So let's imagine better.

让我们不要将此刻视为终点，而是视作重新发现目标、重新定义价值、并重拾人工智能时代人类本质真谛的邀请。

Let's take this moment not as an ending, but as an invitation to rediscover purpose, to redefine value, and to reclaim the very essence of what it truly means to be a human in the age of AI.

谢谢。

Thank you.

以上是阿克拉姆·阿瓦德2025年在迪拜BCG TED大会上的演讲。

That was Akram Awad speaking at TED at BCG in Dubai in 2025.

若您对TED的选稿标准感兴趣，请访问ted.com/curationguidelines了解更多。

If you're curious about TED's curation, find out more at ted.com/curationguidelines.

今天的节目就到这里。

And that's it for today.

TED每日演讲隶属于TED音频联盟。

TED Talks Daily is part of the TED audio collective.

本演讲经TED研究团队事实核查，由玛莎·埃斯特瓦诺斯、奥利弗·弗里德曼、布莱恩·格林、露西·利特尔和坦西卡·桑玛尼翁制作编辑。

This talk was fact checked by the TED research team and produced and edited by our team, Martha Estevanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Greene, Lucy Little, and Tansika Sungmarnivong.

本期节目混音由克里斯托弗·法伊兹·博根完成。

This episode was mixed by Christopher Faizy Bogan.

特别鸣谢Emma Taubner和Daniella Balarezo的额外支持。

Additional support from Emma Taubner and Daniella Balarezo.

我是Elise Hu。

I'm Elise Hu.

明天我将带着新鲜观点回归您的订阅列表。

I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feed.

感谢收听。

Thanks for listening.

感同身受。

Relate.

对他大发雷霆。

Freaked out at him.

我当时就想：你到底有什么毛病？

I was like, what is wrong with you?

你根本不珍惜我做的任何事。

You don't appreciate anything I do.

我是不是骂他是个被宠坏的小混蛋了？

Did I call him a spoiled brat?

我骂了吗？

Did I?

我当时很可怕。

I was scary.

我反应过激了。

I was reactive.

关于如何修复关系的建议。

Ideas about how to repair relationships.

以上就是本期NPR TED广播时间的内容。

That's next time on the TED Radio Hour from NPR.

欢迎订阅或在任意播客平台收听TED广播时间节目。

Subscribe or listen to the TED Radio Hour wherever you get your podcasts.