全球人工智能合作是否可行？

今天在AI Daily Brief节目中，我们将介绍中国最新的人工智能行动计划，并探讨AI协作是否真的可行。在此之前，先来看头条新闻：开发者末日来临，Anthropic被迫限制Claude的使用。AI Daily Brief是一档每日播客和视频节目，聚焦人工智能领域最重要的新闻和讨论。你好，朋友们。在我们正式开始之前，先做个简短的公告。

Today on the AI Daily Brief, China's new AI action plan, and an exploration of whether AI collaboration is even possible. Before that in the headlines, developer Doomsday as Anthropic is forced to throttle Claude. The AI Daily Brief is a daily podcast and video about the most important news and discussions in AI. Hello, friends. Quick announcements before we dive in.

首先感谢今天的赞助商：KPMG、Blitzy、Vanta和Super Intelligent。要获取无广告版本的节目，请访问patreon.com/aidailybrief。如果你有兴趣赞助本节目，请发邮件至nlwbreakdown dot network联系我。好了，现在让我们进入头条新闻。欢迎回到AI Daily Brief头条版，这是你每天需要了解的所有AI新闻，大约五分钟读完。

First thank you to today's sponsors: KPMG, Blitzy, Vanta, and Super Intelligent. To get an ad free version of the show go to patreon.com/aidailybrief. And if you are interested in sponsoring the show shoot me a note at nlwbreakdown dot network. And with that let's get into the headlines. Welcome back to the AI Daily Brief headlines edition, all the daily AI news you need in around five minutes.

我们在这个节目中多次谈到开发者对Claude的使用程度。有些开发者使用频率实在太高，以至于Anthropic不得不引入一些新的限制措施。简而言之，下个月底开始，无论是每月20美元的Pro计划，还是每月高达102,100美元的Max计划，都将引入新的每周使用率限制。他们表示，Claude代码功能的需求空前高涨，尤其是在Max计划中。一些最忠实的Claude代码用户甚至全天候不间断地运行它。

We've talked frequently on this show about just how much developers are using Claude. Some of them it turns out are using it so much that Anthropic has actually had to introduce some new limits. TLDR is that new weekly rate limits are being introduced at the end of next month for both the $20 a month pro plan as well as the premium $102,100 dollars a month max plans. They wrote, Claude code has seen unprecedented demand, especially as part of our max plans. Some of the biggest Claude code fans are running it continuously in the background 20 fourseven.

这些使用方式令人惊叹，我们也希望支持它们，但一些极端情况的支持成本非常高昂。例如，有一位用户在200美元的计划下消耗了数万美元的模型使用额度。来自Takeoff AI的McKay Wrigley一直在运行Claude Code作为一项计算机使用实验，他回应说：“不好意思给大家添麻烦了。”Anthropic声称，受影响的用户不到5%，而那些确实需要全天候运行Claude Code的用户可以按API费率购买更多使用额度。此外，这项政策变更也发生在Anthropic几周前在没有明确通知用户的情况下引入速率限制之后。

These uses are remarkable and we want to enable them, But a few outlying cases are very costly to support. For example, one user consumed tens of thousands in model usage on a $200 plan. McKay Wrigley of Takeoff AI who has been running Claudcode 20 fourseven as a computer use experiment responded, Sorry about that. Now Anthropic claimed that less than 5% of users would be impacted and that those that absolutely have to run Cloud Code all day can buy more usage at API rates. The policy change also comes a few weeks after Anthropic introduced rate limits without informing customers in a really clear way.

高级用户纷纷前往Claude Code的GitHub页面抱怨。尽管大多数人承认他们确实超出了协议范围，在每月200美元的计划下每天消耗数千美元的推理资源，但总体而言，他们希望获得更清晰的沟通，而不是突然弹出一个随机的速率限制提示。目前，Anthropic的状态页面显示过去一周Claude Code已经出现了七次中断，因此资源限制显然再次成为问题。更广泛地说，这些速率限制引发了人们对强大代理式AI编程工具合理定价的质疑。Cursor和Replit在过去几个月中也随着编程代理能力的提升，调整了定价和使用策略。

Power users flocked to Claude Code's GitHub page to complain. And while most acknowledged that they were stretching the deal, churning through thousands of dollars of inference a day on the $200 a month plan, in general, they wanted clear communication rather than a random rate limit message. Now Anthropic Status page has showed seven outages for Claude code over the past week, so resource constraints are clearly becoming a problem again. More broadly, these rate limits call into question just what the right price for powerful agentic AI coding tools should actually be. Cursor and Replit have also made pricing and usage adjustments in recent months as coding agents became more capable.

问题在于，这并不是人们滥用系统的例子。而是越来越常见的高级用户使用方式。这些工具现在允许你同时启动多个代理，并在后台持续运行任务，这可能成本高昂，但正是高级用户工作流程日益依赖的方式。从长远来看，好消息是这些模型的成本下降速度比任何人预期的都要快得多。但目前，高级用户将面临一些新的限制。

And the issue is, this is not some example of people abusing the system. It is increasingly what power usage looks like. These tools now allow you to fire off multiple agents at once and run tasks continuously in the background, which might be expensive, but is what power user workflows are increasingly about. Now the good news from a long term perspective is that the cost of these models has come down precipitously much, much faster, I think, than anyone anticipated. But at the moment, power users are gonna face some new constraints.

对此的反应各不相同。一方面，有人如Oscar Lee写道：“Anthropic正在赶走你们最忠实的高级用户，而他们也是你们最热情的品牌大使。他们会转向其他提供商，这可能会导致Anthropic的衰落。”另一方面，像Ian Nuttall则表示：“即使有这些新的每周限制，在200美元的价格下，其他地方根本找不到这种级别的使用体验。”Walker Reynolds写道：“如果你还在怀疑AI是否真的改变了游戏规则，那么这些高级用户如何利用代理进行开发就是一个很好的例子。”这正是我看来最有趣的地方。

The response has been pretty varied. On the one hand, you have folks like Oscar Lee who writes, Anthropic are driving your most power users away, who are also your most avid brand ambassadors. They will go to another provider, and that may very well trigger the downfall of Anthropic. On the other hand are people like Ian Nuttall who writes, Even with these new weekly limits, there is nowhere else you can get this level of usage for $200 Walker Reynolds writes, In case you're wondering whether or not AI is changing the game, just a little insight into how much power users are leveraging agents for development. And indeed, that's the most interesting thing here to me.

从根本上说，我们对智能的需求已经变得无限。接下来，在AI浏览器大战中迎来了一位新玩家——微软。该公司对其Edge浏览器进行了重大改版，新增了一项名为Copilot模式的功能，将AI助手引入网页浏览体验。这个功能介于谷歌在Chrome中有限的Gemini助手和Perplexity完全代理式的Comet浏览器之间。Copilot具备一定的代理能力，例如可以通过多个标签页比较价格，或从内容繁杂的食谱博客中提取信息。

Fundamentally and already, our appetite for intelligence is becoming unlimited. Next up, we have a new player in the AI browser wars, and that is Microsoft. The company has introduced a big overhaul to their Edge browser, now including a feature called Copilot mode, which brings the AI assistant to the web user experience. The feature is sort of halfway between Google's limited Gemini Assistant in Chrome and Perplexity's fully agentic Comet browser. CoPilot has some agentic capabilities, able to browse, for example, through different tabs to compare pricing or extract the information from a crowded recipe blog, for example.

不过，它尚未完全实现自动填写购物车或预订航班的功能。Copilot能够分析多个打开的标签页，而且这一版本还加入了语音控制功能。微软表示，他们计划很快为这款新浏览器更新带来完整的代理功能。微软Edge产品副总裁Sean Lindset写道：“随着AI开始重塑数字生活的方方面面，我们正见证着与网络互动方式的转折点。现在值得思考的是，你的浏览器是否真的在为你尽其所能？”

It doesn't, however, go all the way to being able to fill a shopping cart or book flights. Copilot is able to analyze multiple open tabs, and voice controls are also included in this iteration of the feature. Microsoft says they plan to bring fully agented capabilities to the new browser update soon. Sean Linderset, the VP of Product for Microsoft Edge, wrote, as AI begins to reshape nearly every facet of digital life, we're witnessing a turning point in how we interact with the web. Now it's worth asking, is your browser working for you as much as it should?

他补充道：“这只是我们在日常浏览中引入新AI创新旅程的开始。Copilot模式目前是实验性的，未来会不断演进，我们才刚刚起步。从团队的表述来看，至少在初期，目标更多是进行简单的改进，而不是彻底的变革。微软的Mustafa Suleiman表示：“再也不用在无数个标签页之间来回切换了，Copilot可以替你进行交叉参考。”

He added, This is just the beginning of our journey in introducing new AI innovation into your everyday browsing. Copilot mode is experimental and will evolve over time, and we're just getting started. Based on the way the team is framing it, at least initially, the ambition seems to be much more about simple improvements rather than radical overhauls. Microsoft's Mustafa Suleiman said, No more flipping between a million tabs. Copilot can cross reference for you instead.

CEO 萨提亚·纳德拉写道，我最喜欢的功能是多标签 RAG。你可以像我在这里分析过去一年我们团队在《自然》期刊上发表的论文那样，使用 Copilot 来分析你打开的标签页。尽管如此，很明显这只是迈入新代理浏览器时代的初步尝试，未来还将有更多进展。在人工智能可穿戴设备领域，目前唯一真正取得进展的产品是一款人工智能眼镜：Meta 的雷朋眼镜似乎依然热销，因为人工智能功能正日益受到关注。雷朋眼镜制造商依视路豪雅集团昨晚公布了财报，披露称今年上半年 Meta 智能眼镜的销量增长了三倍。

CEO Satya Nadella wrote, My favorite feature is multi tab rag. You can use Copilot to analyze your open tabs like I do here with papers our team has published in Nature Journals over the last year. Still, it's very clear that this is just step one into this new agentic browser era and that more is on the way. An update in the one AI wearable that has any sort of real traction, Meta's Ray Bans are apparently still flying off the shelves as AI features come to the fore. Ray Ban maker Essilor Luxottica reported earnings last night disclosing that sales of Meta's smart glasses tripled in the first half of the year.

不过他们并未公布具体销售数字，因此我们可以合理推测，这种三倍增长的基础原本就相对较低。即便如此，销售业绩的重要性足以使其在财报电话会议上被重点提及。依视路豪雅和 Meta 已经扩大了合作关系，包括推出 Oakley 品牌的智能眼镜，并计划很快推出新产品。此外，Meta 还购买了这家眼镜制造商 3% 的股份，以期巩固长达十年的合作关系。截至目前，Meta 的智能眼镜无疑仍是人工智能可穿戴设备领域最成功的产品。

Now they didn't disclose the actual numbers, so we can probably assume that the tripling was from a fairly modest base. Still, the sales success was important enough that it was featured prominently in an earnings call. Luxottica and Meta have already expanded their partnership to include an Oakley branded pair of smart glasses with a product pair to be introduced soon. Meta has also purchased a 3% stake in the eyewear manufacturer looking to cement a decade long partnership. Now Meta's smart glasses are at this point undeniably the most successful AI device play so far.

他们在 2023 年底推出了雷朋眼镜，当时公司尚未拥有任何功能完善的人工智能界面。当然，现在智能眼镜在整个 AI 可穿戴设备市场中的定位尚不完全明确，但目前来看，只有 Meta 一家在这一领域积极布局。今天的新闻头条最后一点，特斯拉已与三星签署了一项价值 165 亿美元的协议，由三星在美国生产其人工智能芯片。芯片制造商于周一宣布了这项协议，将确保特斯拉成为其即将在德克萨斯州建厂的重要客户。该协议将持续到 2033 年，三星将负责生产特斯拉下一代 AI6 芯片，该芯片将用于车辆自动驾驶系统和擎天柱机器人。

They introduced the Ray Bans in late twenty twenty three, well ahead of the company having any sort of functional AI interface. Now, of course, it is not 100% clear where smart glasses will fit in the overall AI wearable landscape, but for now, it's Meta and Meta alone playing in that space. Lastly today in the headlines, Tesla has signed a $16,500,000,000 deal with Samsung to produce their AI chips in The US. The chipmaker announced the deal on Monday, which will secure Tesla as an anchor customer for their upcoming plant in Texas. The agreement runs until 2033 and will see Samsung produce Tesla's next generation AI6 chip, which will power both vehicle self driving and the Optimus robots.

埃隆·马斯克发帖称：三星在德克萨斯州新建的晶圆厂将专门用于生产特斯拉下一代 AI6 芯片。这一合作的战略意义再怎么强调也不为过。目前三星正在生产 AI4 芯片，而台积电（TSMC）将负责生产 AI5 芯片，AI5 的设计最初是在台湾完成，随后在亚利桑那州继续推进。三星已同意允许特斯拉协助优化制造效率。

Elon Musk posted: Samsung's giant new Texas fab will be dedicated to making Tesla's next generation AI6 chip. The strategic importance of this is hard to overstate. Samsung currently makes AI4. TSMC will make AI5, which was finished design, initially in Taiwan and then Arizona. Samsung agreed to allow Tesla to assist in maximizing manufacturing efficiency.

这一点至关重要，我将亲自推动以加快进展速度。而且这家晶圆厂的位置离我家不远，非常方便。他还补充说，165 亿美元的合同金额只是最低限度，实际产出可能会高出数倍。特斯拉自 2019 年起开始自行生产芯片，逐步摆脱了 NVIDIA 的 DRIVE 平台。

This is a critical point as I will walk the line personally to accelerate the pace of progress. And the fab is conveniently located not far from my house. He also added that the $16,500,000,000 contract value was just the bare minimum. Actual output is likely to be several times higher. Now Tesla started producing their own chips in 2019, switching away from NVIDIA's drive platform.

其目标是打造一款专为实现完全自动驾驶而非仅仅是高级驾驶辅助功能而设计的定制芯片组。对三星而言，这笔交易意义重大，有助于其在人工智能芯片竞赛中保持竞争力。该公司目前的高带宽内存（HBM）取得了巨大成功，已成为 NVIDIA 领先人工智能芯片的标准配置。与此同时，其芯片制造业务却一直受到质量问题的困扰，导致客户转向台积电。一位市场评论员表示：他们的代工业务长期亏损，产能利用率低下，这笔交易将大大缓解这一问题。

The goal was to create a custom chipset that featured the redundancies required for full self driving, not just advanced driver assist. For Samsung, this is a huge deal that could keep them in the AI race. The company's high bandwidth memory has been highly successful, becoming the standard for NVIDIA's leading AI chips. At the same time, their chip manufacturing has been dogged by quality control issues that drove customers to TSMC. Said one market commentator: Their foundry business has been loss making and struggling with underutilization, so this will help a lot.

特斯拉的这笔订单也可能帮助三星吸引更多客户。显然，这一切背后都体现了全球在人工智能基础设施方面的激烈竞争，而这也将是我们本期节目的核心主题。好了，新闻头条就到这里，接下来我们进入正题。本期节目由 KPMG 赞助。在当今竞争激烈的市场中，释放人工智能的潜力可能有助于您获得竞争优势、促进增长并创造新的价值。

Tesla's business may also help them to attract other customers. Now obviously the undertones of this are all about the global competition for AI infrastructure, which is also consequently the focus of our main episode. So with that, let's wrap the headlines and move on over into the main. Today's episode is brought to you by KPMG. In today's fiercely competitive market, unlocking AI's potential could help give you a competitive edge, foster growth, and drive new value.

但关键在于，您不仅仅需要一个人工智能战略，而是需要将人工智能嵌入到整体业务战略中，从而真正推动业务发展。KPMG 可以向您展示如何以真正有效的方式，将人工智能和人工智能代理整合到您的业务战略中，并基于可信的人工智能原则和平台构建。请访问 KPMG 的官网，了解人工智能如何帮助他们的客户取得成功，网址是 www.kpmg.us/ai。

But here's the key. You don't need an AI strategy. You need to embed AI into your overall business strategy to truly power it up. KPMG can show you how to integrate AI and AI agents into your business strategy in a way that truly works and is built on trusted AI principles and platforms. Check out real stories from KPMG to hear how AI is driving success with its clients at www.kpmg.us/ai.

再次提醒，网址是 www.kpmg.us/ai。本期节目由 Blitzy 赞助，Blitzy 是一个具有无限代码上下文的企业级自主软件开发平台。Blitzy 使用了数千个专门的人工智能代理，它们可以长时间思考，以理解拥有数百万行代码的企业级代码库。企业工程负责人在每次开发冲刺开始时都会使用 Blitzy 平台，输入开发需求后，Blitzy 平台会提供开发计划，并为每个任务生成和预编译代码。

Again, that's www.kpmg.us/ai. This episode is brought to you by Blitzy, the enterprise autonomous software development platform with infinite code context. Blitzy uses thousands of specialized AI agents that think for hours to understand enterprise scale code bases with millions of lines of code. Enterprise engineering leaders start every development sprint with the Blitzy platform, bringing in their development requirements. The Blitzy platform provides a plan, then generates and pre compiles code for each task.

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Blitzy delivers 80% plus of the development work autonomously while providing a guide for the final 20% of human development work required to complete the sprint. Public companies are achieving a 5x engineering velocity increase when incorporating Blitzy as their pre IDE development tool, pairing it with their coding co pilot of choice to bring an AI native SDLC into their org. Blitzy is providing a limited time, thirty day free proof of concept for qualifying enterprises. The team will provide a 5x velocity increase on a real development project in your org. Visit blitzy.com and press Book Demo to learn how Blitzy transforms your STLC from AI assisted to AI native.

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如果你是我们的常听听众，你可能已经听说过 SuperIntelligent Agent Readiness（智能代理就绪）审计。但今天我想告诉你的是，我们已经推出了一整套代理就绪产品，远不止最初的就绪报告。在过去六个月里，SuperIntelligent 推出了一整套代理规划工具。我们帮助你从发现阶段，逐步推进到规划阶段，再到实施阶段。除了 Agent Readiness Audit（代理就绪审计）之外，在你完成这些审计后，我们会通过所谓的 Use Case Planning Reports（用例规划报告）深入分析你最重要的应用场景。

If you are a regular listener, you will have heard about SuperIntelligent Agent Readiness audits at this point. But I wanted to tell you today about the full suite of agent readiness products that go beyond just the initial readiness report. Over the last six months, SuperIntelligent has built out an entire agent planning suite. We help you move from discovery, to planning, to implementation. In addition to the Agent Readiness Audit, after you've completed your Agent Readiness Audits, we help you double click on your most important use cases with what we call our Use Case Planning Reports.

这些报告将帮助你了解为某个应用场景做好准备所需的准备工作，实施过程中可能遇到的挑战，以及你是否应该考虑自行开发、购买、合作，或采取组合方式。之后，你甚至可以获得一份我们称之为 Technical Blueprint（技术蓝图）的规格文档，为你的开发人员或你合作的合作伙伴的开发人员提供构建你所需代理所需的确切信息。如果你想了解更多关于 Superintelligence Agent Planning Suite（超级智能代理规划套件）的信息，我们已经构建了一个定制的 GPT 来回答你的问题。只需访问 bit.ly/superagent（注意是全拼），如果你有任何疑问，这个代理甚至可以帮助你预约我们的团队。

These reports are going to help you understand what sort of technical preparation you need to do to be ready for a use case, what challenges you might face in implementation, and whether you should be thinking about building, buying, partnering, or some combination. After that, you can even get a spec document in what we call our Technical Blueprint that gives either your developers or the developers of the partner you work with what they need to build exactly the agent that you're looking for. If you wanna learn more about Superintelligence Agent Planning Suite, we've built a custom GPT to answer your questions. Just go to bit./superagent that's bit.ly/superagent all one word. And if you have any questions, the agent can even help you book an appointment with our team.

欢迎回到 AI Daily Brief（人工智能每日简报）。今天我们延续上周关于人工智能行动计划的报道。显然，那份计划的很多内容都聚焦在中国身上。随后，中国也发布了他们自己的计划。今天，我们关注后续进展，并更广泛地探讨一个问题：除了直接竞争之外，合作或其他形式的关系是否还有可能？为了帮助大家回忆，上周我们报道了白宫发布的人工智能行动计划。

Welcome back to the AI Daily Brief. Today we are building off of our coverage from the AI action plan last week. Obviously, lot of that plan focused on China, Subsequently, China released their own plan. Today, we are looking into the follow-up and asking more broadly, is cooperation or anything less than outright competition even possible? By way of reminder, last week we got the White House's AI action plan.

正如前风险投资人兼行动计划负责人 Shri Ram Krishnan 所描述的，这份文件的三大核心主题是：加速人工智能创新、建设美国人工智能基础设施、在国际人工智能外交与安全领域发挥领导作用。这份报告中有很多内容让我觉得非常有趣。尤其值得注意的是，它在很多方面实际上与本届白宫所宣称的外交政策总体方向是相悖的。Politico 的 Daniella Cheslow —— 她其实是我西北大学的老同学 —— 在她的一篇文章中非常精炼地捕捉到了这一点：人工智能是‘美国优先’的例外吗？她写道：‘总统唐纳德·特朗普上周发布的 AI 行动计划中其实藏着一个给全球主义者的彩蛋。’

As described by former VC and action plan leader, Shri Ram Krishnan, the three core themes of the document were to accelerate AI innovation, build American AI infrastructure, and lead in international AI diplomacy and security. There was a lot that I found very interesting about this report. Most specifically, the fact that in many ways, it kind of runs counter to the general approach to foreign policy, at least the stated approach to foreign policy of this White House. Politica's Daniella Cheslow, who is actually an old classmate of mine from Northwestern, captured this pretty succinctly when she wrote, Is AI the exception to America first? She writes, The AI action plan that President Donald Trump rolled out last week contained quite an Easter egg for globalists.

她说，尽管在很多方面，这份计划的语气和姿态与特朗普以往的外交政策一致，但事实上，或者正如她所写的那样，在这份人工智能计划的字里行间，其实暗含了一个转变，一个呼吁建立持久全球技术联盟的号召。她继续写道：这份计划非常具体。它呼吁国务院和商务部利用美国在国际组织中的地位。

She says that while in many ways the tone and posture was in line with Trump's previous foreign policy, that in point of fact, or as she wrote packed into the AI plan's pages, was a pivot, a call to forge an enduring global alliance on the technology. She continues: The plan gets pretty specific. It calls for the state and commerce departments to leverage The U. S. Position in international bodies.

它提到了联合国、经合组织（OECD）、七国集团（G7）、二十国集团（G20）和国际电信联盟等机构，呼吁倡导反映美国价值观的标准和治理方式。那么问题来了：人工智能是否刚刚为‘美国优先’开辟了一个例外？这对美国与西方盟友之间日益脆弱的关系意味着什么？我在另一个地方也注意到了这一点，那就是关于开源和开放权重人工智能的部分。

It names the United Nations, the OECD, G7, G20, and the International Telecommunications Union, among others, to advocate standards and governance approaches that reflect American values. So wait. Did AI just carve out its own exception to America first? And what does that mean for America's increasingly fragile relationship with Western allies? Now another place where I noticed this was in the section about open source and open weight AI.

该行动计划中写道：我们需要确保美国拥有以美国价值观为基础的领先开源模型。在某些商业领域和全球学术研究中，开源和开放权重模型可能成为全球标准。因此，它们具有地缘战略价值。虽然是否以及如何发布开源或闭源模型从根本上说由开发者决定，但联邦政府应为开源模型创造一个支持性的环境。换句话说，白宫在这里明确表示，开源人工智能模型是一种外交工具。

The action plan writes: We need to ensure America has leading open models founded on American values. Open source and open weight could become global standards in some areas of business and in academic research worldwide. For that reason, they have geostrategic value. While the decision of whether and how to release an open or closed model is fundamentally up to the developer, the federal government should create a supportive environment for open models. Put another way, the White House is here declaring that open source AI models are a tool of diplomacy.

正如我在最初讨论人工智能行动计划时所提到的，这有可能与一些人对开源模型的看法产生冲突，尤其是在涉及中国的问题上。如果你回顾 2023 年许多人对中国采取强硬立场时的看法，当时人们担心发布开源或开放权重模型会让中国迎头赶上。当然，此后中国基本上已经赶上了。他们一直紧追不舍，仅比我们落后几个月，而在开源模型方面，他们已经飞速领先。重点在于，当我们现在讨论将开源和开放权重模型作为地缘政治工具的潜力时，背景已经是中国在人工智能竞赛的这一部分中处于领先地位。

Now, as I mentioned in my initial discussion of the AI action plan, this has the potential to run at odds with how some people have thought about open source models, particularly vis a vis China. If you were looking at the hardline stance that many were taking in 2023 when it came to China, there was a concern that releasing open source or open weight models would allow China to catch up. Now of course, subsequent to that, China has basically caught up. They've been nipping at our heels just a few months behind, and when it comes to open models, they have screamed ahead. Point being that now when we are discussing the potential of open source models and open weight models as a geopolitical tool, it's in the context of China leading that particular part of the AI race.

总体而言，对人工智能行动计划的反应相当分化，或者更确切地说，它几乎完全映射到了接收该计划的不同群体上。科技界总体上对这一计划反应非常积极。Box公司的亚伦·利维表示，美国的人工智能行动计划相当有力。它有明确的使命，即赢得人工智能竞赛，并通过清除障碍或促进采用，加速人工智能的开发和应用。重要的是，它强调了我们每天都在看到的人工智能带来的积极效益。

Overall, the response to the AI action plan was pretty divided, or rather, it mapped pretty exactly to the groups that were receiving it. The tech community by and large received it incredibly well. Box's Aaron Levy writes, America's AI action plan is quite strong. It has a clear mission to win the AI race and accelerate the development and use of AI by removing roadblocks or aiding adoption. Importantly, it focuses on the positive benefits of AI, which we're all seeing every day.

另一方面，《纽约时报》的报道则主要关注计划中没有提到的内容，特别是版权问题。凯文·布赖恩教授写道：得了吧，伙计。你不可能读完这份人工智能行动计划后，还认为这是《纽约时报》读者首先应该知道的事情。人工智能对国家经济、国防和科学的未来都有巨大影响。但这篇文章有一半内容都在讲版权问题。

On the flip side, New York Times reporting largely focused on what wasn't there, specifically questions of copyright. Professor Kevin Bryan writes, Come on, man. There's no way you can read that AI action plan and think that this is the first order thing New York Times readers should know about it. AI has huge implications for the national economy, defense, future of science. But half this article is about copyright.

当然，并非所有人都持负面看法。Transformer杂志编辑沙基尔·哈希姆写道，大多数关于人工智能行动计划的报道都非常负面。但在Transformer杂志中，我提出观点认为其实这份计划并不差。沙基尔写道，本周几乎所有我交谈过的人，都对白宫制定的这份计划表示了一些意外的满意。美国人负责任创新组织的布拉德·卡森也表示，他对这份计划持谨慎乐观的态度。

No, it wasn't all divisive. Shaquille Hashim, editor at Transformer, writes, most coverage of the AI action plan has been very negative. In Transformer, I make the case that it's actually not bad. Shaquille writes, almost everyone I've spoken to this week has expressed some pleasant surprise with what the White House put together. Brad Carson of Americans for Responsible Innovation told me it was cautiously promising.

生命未来研究所的迈克尔·克莱因曼表示，计划中的某些方面是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。安全人工智能联盟的布伦丹·斯坦豪瑟表示，他对其中的大部分内容都感到相当满意。白宫人工智能事务负责人戴维·萨克斯甚至指出，《华盛顿邮报》出人意料地给予了支持，该报发表了一篇评论文章称，特朗普在人工智能行动计划方面开了个好头。这就是在中国发布自己的行动计划之前的整体背景。该政策是在上周于上海举行的世界人工智能大会期间发布的。

Michael Kleinman of the Future of Life Institute said certain aspects were a step in the right direction. Brendan Steinhauser of the Alliance for Secure AI said he was pretty happy with a lot of it. White House AI's r David Sacks even pointed out the surprise endorsement of the Washington Post, who wrote an opinion piece, Trump is off to a good start with an AI action plan. So this was the context coming into China's release of their own version of this plan. The policy was published as part of the World AI Conference in Shanghai last weekend.

这个活动是中国日历上最重要的科技会议之一。中国总理李强在会上发表了主旨演讲，他表示：目前，关键资源和能力集中在少数国家和少数企业手中。如果我们搞技术垄断、控制、限制，人工智能将成为少数国家和企业的专属游戏。他承诺，中国愿意分享我们的发展经验和科技产品，帮助世界各国，特别是全球南方国家加强能力建设，让人工智能的成果惠及世界。中国人工智能行动计划的核心支柱是建立世界人工智能合作组织。

The event is one of the most prominent tech conferences on the Chinese calendar. Chinese premier Li Chung gave a keynote address at the event stating, Currently, key resources and capabilities are concentrated in a few countries and a few enterprises. If we engage in technological monopoly, controls, restrictions, AI will become an exclusive game for a small number of countries and enterprises. He made the pledge that China is willing to share our development experience and technological products to help countries around the world, especially those in the global South, strengthen their capacity building and bring the benefit of AI to the world. The central pillar of China's AI Action Plan is establishing the World AI Cooperation Organization.

这个国际组织旨在处理人工智能治理、监管和部署方面的问题。可以把它想象成一个总部设在上海而非纽约的人工智能领域的联合国。整个行动计划的其余部分也都是围绕全球共识展开的。它呼吁世界各国落实现有的关于数字技术的联合国协议，指出：只有携手合作，我们才能充分挖掘人工智能的潜力，同时确保其发展的安全性、可靠性、可控性和公平性。文件在13项关键优先事项中提到了“合作”一词13次，足以体现这一主题。

The international group is envisioned to deal with issues of AI governance, regulation, and deployment. Think United Nations for AI only headquartered in Shanghai instead of New York. And really the rest of the action plan is similarly focused on global consensus. It calls on the world to follow through with existing UN agreements about digital technology, stating, Only by working together can we fully tap the potential of artificial intelligence while ensuring the security, reliability, controllability, and fairness of its development. The document features the word cooperation 13 times across 13 key priorities just to give you a sense of the theme.

整个计划也充满了人工智能安全的语言，并呼吁在从版权到人工智能滥用等议题上进行全球协调。亚洲集团合伙人兼数字业务联合主席乔治·陈表示：现在两个阵营正在形成。中国显然希望坚持多边主义，而美国则希望打造自己的阵营，其目标显然是针对中国在人工智能领域日益增长的影响力。

The entire plan is also steeped in the language of AI safety and calls for global coordination on issues ranging from copyright to AI misuse. George Chen, partner at the Asia Group and co chair of their digital practice, said: The two camps are now being formed. China clearly wants to stick to the multilateral approach while The U. S. Wants to build its own camp, very much targeting the rise of China in the field of AI.

但我认为这种看法未必准确。我认为中国其实非常希望采取单边主义的方式，只不过它希望以自己为中心，组建一个使用中国技术的多国联盟。事实上，我认为中国的计划带有数字版“一带一路”倡议的色彩。其战略非常明确，就是向广大发展中国家广泛而廉价地提供中国的人工智能技术。当然，这也开始影响我们如何看待白宫可能对这套政策持不同态度的迹象。

I actually think that this is not necessarily correct. I think that China very much wants a unilateral approach, just with itself at the center of a multinational coalition all using China's technology. In fact, I think the Chinese plan has overtones of a digital belt and road initiative. The strategy is quite clearly to offer Chinese AI broadly and cheaply across the developing world. And this, of course, starts to inform how we can think about the indications that the White House might be thinking differently about this particular set of policies.

有趣的是，在此之后，即使美国在人工智能领域向中国提供了非常有限的合作，也已经引发了相当严重的担忧。上周的一个重大消息是，美国取消了对英伟达H20芯片的出口管制，这些芯片将再次大量涌入中国。政府基本上开始采纳黄仁勋的观点，即无论怎样，中国都将拥有自己的人工智能数据中心，因此美国的利益是让中国使用英伟达而不是华为的芯片。目前的需求似乎已经爆表。路透社的消息来源称，英伟达已向台积电下达了30万台H20芯片的订单，以应对超过其现有库存约60万至70万片的需求。

Now interestingly, in the wake of this, even around the very small amount of cooperation The US is offering China on AI, there are some serious concerns. One of the big announcements from last week was that export controls on NVIDIA's H20 chips had been removed, and the chips could once again flood into China. The administration had basically started to adopt Jensen Huang's view that China is going to have AI data centers one way or another, so it's in The US' interest to have them using NVIDIA rather than Huawei chips. And demand seems absolutely off the scales. Reuters sources said that NVIDIA had placed orders for 300,000 units with TSMC to deal with demand in excess of their existing stockpile of around 600 to 700,000 chips.

去年英伟达售出了大约100万片H20芯片，因此他们现在似乎正准备尽快再次实现至少同等规模的销售。然而，黄仁勋的观点并不是目前华盛顿唯一的声音。周一，一个由20名国家安全专家和前政府官员组成的团体致信商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克，敦促政府撤销这一决定。他们在信中称，这一决定是一个战略失误，将对中国在民用和军事应用领域的人工智能优势产生有害影响。信中指出：H20不是一款过时的人工智能芯片，而是中国前沿人工智能能力的有力加速器。

NVIDIA sold around a million h 20 chips last year, so they appear to be gearing up to do at least that much business again as quickly as possible. And yet Jensen's take is not the only one that's going around Washington right now. A group of 20 national security experts and former government officials wrote to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick on Monday, urging the administration to reverse this decision. They called the decision a strategic misstep that will have detrimental effects on America's AI edge in both civilian and military applications. The letter stated: The H20 is a potent accelerator of China's frontier AI capabilities, not an outdated AI chip.

H20是专为规避出口管制门槛而设计的，它针对推理（inference）进行了优化，推理正是最新一代前沿AI推理模型实现显著能力提升的关键过程。在推理任务方面，H20的表现甚至优于H100，这是一种由于其先进性能而被本届政府限制出口的AI芯片。信中还指出，目前AI芯片是一个零和游戏，H20需求的激增必然会使美国芯片短缺问题更加严重。

Designed specifically to work around export control thresholds, the H20 is optimized for inference, the process responsible for the dramatic capabilities gains made by the latest generation of Frontier AI reasoning models. For inference tasks, the H20 outperforms even the H100, an AI chip this administration has restricted access to due to its advanced capabilities. The letter also suggested that AI chips are currently a zero sum game, with a surge in H20 demand necessarily making U. S. Chip shortages worse.

信中还强调：今年早些时候决定禁止H20出口是正确的决定。我们请求你们坚持这一原则，继续阻止向中国出售先进AI芯片，因为美国正努力维持其技术优势。这不仅仅是一个贸易问题，更是一个国家安全问题。签署这封信的人背景多样，包括领导“负责任创新美国人”组织的布拉德·卡森（Brad Carson）、前国土安全部助理部长斯图尔特·贝克（Stuart Baker），以及一贯对华强硬的金融管理者凯尔·巴斯（Kyle Bass）。

It argued: The decision to ban H20 exports earlier this year was the right one. We ask you to stand by that principle and continue blocking the sale of advanced AI chips to China as America works to maintain its technological edge. This is not a question of trade. It's a question of national security. It's a fairly diverse group of signatories, from Brad Carson who leads Americans for Responsible Innovation, to former Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security, Stuart Baker, to perpetual China antagonist and financial manager, Kyle Bass.

现在尝试反思这一切对我们理解中美之间的这场竞争意味着什么，我认为在某些方面，现在的讨论比过去几年更加灵活多变。很明显，不仅在整体政治环境中存在相互矛盾的推动力，在我看来，甚至白宫官员内部也可能存在分歧。一方面存在从世界事务中撤退的外交政策倾向，另一方面又积极投身于全球AI竞争，而这份AI行动计划正是后者的体现。正如我所说，我不确定这代表美国立场发生了彻底的180度转变，更多的可能是美国逐渐认识到这场竞争所处的环境已经发生了变化。《外交事务》（Foreign Affairs）最近刊登了一篇文章，题为《被忽视的中国AI战略》，其中提到像DeepSeek等开源模型的发布是一种软实力战略，旨在帮助北京在全球AI基础设施方面取得主导地位。

Now trying to reflect on where this all suggests we are when it comes to this US China battle, I think that in some ways, it's a more fluid conversation now than it has been in the last couple of years. There are very clearly conflicting pushes and pulls, not only in the general political environment, but I would hazard a guess, even within White House officials themselves. There is an inherent tension between the foreign policy of withdrawal from the world and engaging full throatedly in the global competition for AI that's laid out in this AI action plan. And like I said, I'm not sure that this represents a full 180 or a shift in The US's position as much as a growing recognition that the landscape in which this competition is happening has changed. Foreign Affairs recently ran a piece called China's Overlooked AI Strategy that's all about how the release of these open models, like DeepSeek and others, is a soft power strategy to help Beijing gain global dominance when it comes to AI infrastructure.

此外，从社会层面来看，中国对AI的态度也与西方截然不同。例如，《麻省理工科技评论》（MIT Technology Review）最近发表了一篇文章，题为《中国大学希望学生更多而非更少地使用AI》。与西方大学仍在纠结学生如何在学习中使用AI不同，中国顶尖大学已经全力投入。《华盛顿时报》（The Washington Times）最近写道：令人震惊的时刻，中国在人工智能领域的进步让美国顶级研究人员感到困惑。

There's also just a very different disposition China has towards AI from a societal standpoint. The MIT Technology Review, for example, recently ran a piece called Chinese Universities Want Students to Use More AI, Not Less. Unlike the West, where universities are still agonizing over how students use AI in their work, top universities in China are going all in. The Washington Times recently wrote, jarring moment. China's artificial intelligence gains bewilder top American researchers.

我认为最值得注意的是，这是一份面向华盛顿圈内读者的出版物。到目前为止，一个尚未真正被质疑的假设是：中美之间正在进行一场争夺AI霸权的大国竞争。然而，就连这一点，如今也比以往任何时候都更具争议性。法学教授彼得·萨拉宾（Peter Salib）写道：白宫的AI行动计划中有一些好的内容，但它从一个错误的假设出发——即美国正在与全球其他国家展开一场争夺AI主导地位的竞赛。我和许多人一样，认为与中国进行AI军备竞赛是一个错误。

And I think what's most notable here is that this is a publication with a very Washington Beltway type of audience. One thing that so far hasn't really been up for question is the assumption that China and The US are in a great power struggle for supremacy in AI. And yet even that is now more up for grabs than it has been in the past. Law professor Peter Salab writes, The White House's AI action plan has some good stuff, but it begins The US is in a race to achieve global dominance in AI. Like many, Simon Goldstein and I think that an AI arms race with China is a mistake.

我们的新论文提出了一种避免军备竞赛的全新博弈论方法。这篇论文题为《国际合作应对AI军备竞赛的国际法框架》。在论文摘录中他们写道：我们建议的核心是建立一个联合AI实验室，汇聚美国和中国最顶尖的AI人才，并通过美国的资金和中国国家投资加以强化。

Our new paper lays out a novel game theoretical approach to avoiding the race. The paper is called Collaboration at the International Law for the AI Arms Race. In the excerpt of the paper they write, The centerpiece of our proposal is the formation of a joint AI lab that would combine the best U. And Chinese AI talent, supercharged by U. S.

以及中国的国家投资。我们主张，与AI竞赛或不扩散的均衡状态相比，联合实验室将是更安全、更快实现AI发展的路径。他们指出，事实上，AI安全倡导者和AI加速主义者都应该支持这种联合实验室模式。我认为这可能是一篇适合周日阅读的深度长文，但对我们当前讨论的重点是，这种观点已经开始进入公众视野。当塞缪尔·哈蒙德（Samuel Hammond）同意Anthropic公司呼吁政府继续对H20芯片实施出口管制时，贝夫·杰佐斯（BevJezos）评论道：事情并不那么明确。

And Chinese national investment. We argue that compared to either an AI race or a non proliferation equilibrium, the joint lab would be both a safer and a faster route to AI development. They say that in fact AI safety advocates and AI accelerationists should endorse the joint lab approach. Now I think this might be an interesting long read Sunday type of piece at some point, but the point for our purposes here is that this type of thing is starting to get into the ether. When Samuel Hammond agreed with Anthropics' call for the administration to maintain export controls on the H20 chip, based BevJezos wrote, It's not clear cut.

也许我们应该组织一场关于GPU保护主义的讨论。他继续说道：开源模型是AI实验室实现市场渗透的一种亏损先导产品。如果中国在开源竞赛中胜出，然后逐步将所有模型迁移为仅支持华为平台，那么英伟达（NVIDIA）就完了，美国在AI领域通过GPU供应链所拥有的软实力也将不复存在。这就是为什么尽管你们大多数人关注的是AI的商业影响，以及它对你个人职业生涯、创业项目和日常生活意味着什么，但我认为关注这场特定冲突仍然非常重要。

Maybe we should host a discussion on GPU protectionism. He continued, Open source models are a loss leader for AI labs to achieve market penetration. If China wins the open source race, then slowly migrates all models to only support Huawei, NVIDIA is cooked. And so is America's GPU supply soft power when it comes to AI. And this is why although most of you are here for the business implications of AI and thinking your own careers or your entrepreneurial endeavors and what AI is going to mean for your personal lives, I think it is important to keep track of this particular conflict.

现在华盛顿、上海和北京正在发生的事情，将影响的不仅仅是我们可以访问哪些AI模型。希望这段简要回顾能帮助你了解中国对美国AI行动计划的回应。好了，今天的AI每日简报就到这里。感谢收听，我们下次再见，祝你一切顺利。

The things that happen right now in Washington and Shanghai and Beijing are going to impact more than just which AI models we have access to. Hopefully this was a useful primer that brings you up to speed with China's response to the AI action plan. For now, that's going to do it for today's AI Daily Brief. Appreciate you listening, as always, and until next time, peace.