第278天（马太福音4章，路加福音4-5章） - 第7年

圣经读者们，我是塔拉·李·科布尔，《圣经速览》的主持人。今天我们将深入探讨耶稣在旷野受试探的经过，马可福音昨天简要提及了此事。耶稣受洗后，在沙漠中禁食四十天，为开始公开传道做准备。当禁食接近尾声时，魔鬼出现了。

Bible readers. I'm Tara Lee Cobble, I'm your host for the Bible Recap. Today we dig into the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness, which Mark briefly mentioned yesterday. After His baptism, Jesus spends forty days in the desert fasting in preparation for the start of His public ministry. As his fast is coming to a close, the devil shows up on the scene.

这里使用的'魔鬼'一词是形容词而非名词，形容诬告者，这正是此处发生的事。还记得耶稣受洗时，圣灵降临在圣子身上，天父说'这是我的爱子'吗？天父宣告了圣子的身份，紧接着诬告者就来质疑这个身份。他的全部目的就是破坏上帝的救赎计划。仇敌想诱使耶稣现在就放弃，而不是走向十字架。

The word used for devil here is an adjective, not a noun, and it describes someone who falsely accuses, which is exactly what's happening here. Remember the baptism of Jesus where God the Spirit descends on God the Son, and God the Father says, this is my beloved Son? The Father pronounced the Son's identity, and in the very next scene, the false accuser comes to bring that identity into question. His whole aim is to derail God's plan for redemption. The enemy wants to get Jesus to give things up now instead of go to the cross.

撒旦比耶稣更惧怕十字架，因为他知道那意味着自己永恒的失败。但耶稣用经文对抗谎言，以真理回应诬告。值得注意的是，经文也是仇敌惯用的武器——被扭曲的经文。他断章取义，按自己的意愿曲解经文，许下无力兑现的承诺。仇敌熟悉经文，并懂得如何利用它谋利。

Satan is more afraid of the cross than Jesus is because he knows it means his eternal defeat. But Jesus fights his lies with Scripture, speaking truth to the false accusations. Something interesting to note here is that Scripture is also the enemy's weapon of choice, twisted Scripture. He pulls verses out of context, making them mean what he wants them to mean, making promises he has no power to fulfill. The Enemy knows Scripture and knows how to use it to his advantage.

这正是我们在此所做之事如此重要的另一个原因：全面领受上帝的话语，看它们如何相互印证，这样我们就不易相信仇敌试图从经文中编造出来诱惑我们的谎言。这段经文开头说圣灵引导耶稣到旷野受试探。雅各书第一章应许我们上帝绝不试探人，这与经文一致。圣灵没有试探耶稣，但确实引导他进入仇敌试探他的旷野。而最终，仇敌的试探被转化为美事。

That's another reason why what we're doing here is so important, taking in all of the Word of God, seeing how it all fits together, so we'll be less likely to believe the lies the Enemy tries to craft out of Scripture to tempt us. The beginning of this text says the Spirit led Jesus out into the wilderness to be tempted. James one promises us that God Himself never tempts us, and this is consistent with that promise. The Spirit didn't tempt Jesus, but He did lead Jesus into the wilderness where the enemy tempted Him. But ultimately, the enemy's temptation was used for good.

何以见得？两个方面。首先，这逆转了以色列人在旷野四十年面临的三大试探：肉体的情欲、眼目的情欲和今生的骄傲。我们会在节目备注中链接相关短文。其次，耶稣不仅胜过以色列人经历的试探，如今我们更知道他能体恤我们的软弱。

How so? Two ways. First, this represents a reversal of the three major temptations the Israelites faced when they were in the wilderness for forty years: the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life. We'll link to a short article with more info on this in the show notes. Second, not only does Jesus overcome all Israel faced, but now we know that Jesus can relate to our temptations.

他承受过比我们更大的试探并得胜。继续之前必须说明，这段经文中可能存在瞬间移动的记载，但我们无法确定。后续会有更多探讨，请持续关注。目前可以说，属灵维度显然完全是另一层面的存在。结束六周的沙漠之旅后，耶稣得知施洗约翰被捕，便返回成长的加利利地区。

He faced greater temptations than we ever will and overcame them. Before we move on, I have to say, it's possible there was some teleportation happening in this passage, but we don't really know for sure. There will be more on this later, though, so stay tuned. As for now, suffice it to say, spiritual dimensions are apparently a whole another level. After Jesus finishes his six week trip to the desert, he gets word that JTB has been arrested, and he goes back to the Galilee region where he grew up.

在故乡拿撒勒，他公开传道中发表了首篇讲道，即路加福音四章16至30节记载的内容。拉比们在会堂教导时，通常会先诵读经文再解释。但耶稣站起来诵读以赛亚书61章关于上帝差遣人传福音给贫穷人、宣告被掳得释放的经文后，没有解释，而是说：'这就是我，我是这预言的应验'。

In his hometown of Nazareth, he preaches his first sermon during his public ministry. It's the one we read about in Luke four sixteen through 30. When rabbis would teach in the synagogue, they would often read a text, then explain it. But when Jesus gets up, He reads the text from Isaiah 61 about how God is sending someone to proclaim good news to the poor and liberty to the captives, and instead of explaining it, Jesus says, I am it. I am the fulfillment of this prophecy.

人们对此兴奋不已。第22节说，众人都称赞他，并对他口中说出的恩言感到惊奇。他们心想，哇，真的吗？我们本地的小伙子就是弥赛亚？我认识他父亲约瑟。

The people are thrilled about it. Verse 22 says, They all spoke well of him and marveled at the gracious words that were coming from his mouth. They're like, Woah, seriously? Our local guy is the Messiah? I know his dad, Joseph.

但随后情况急转直下，因为耶稣开始向他们讲述上帝对外邦人的爱。他提到《列王纪上》17章，上帝在以色列人遭遇饥荒时，却派以利亚去供养一个外邦寡妇。他又讲到《列王纪下》5章，唯一得洁净的竟是叙利亚的麻风病人。突然间，他们不再喜欢宣告好消息、自由和恩惠的教义，因为他们只想这些应许专属于自己，而非外邦人或他们的敌人。于是，刚才还被称赞的那位，此刻他们竟想置他于死地。

But then things take a turn because Jesus starts recounting stories to them about God's love for outsiders. He talks about one Kings 17, where God sends Elijah to feed a foreign widow while all the Israelites were starving in a famine. He talks about two Kings five, where the Syrian leper was the only one who was cleansed. And suddenly, they don't like the idea of proclaiming good news and freedom and favor because they only want it to apply to them, not the people of other nations, not their enemies. So the guy they were praising moments earlier, they're now trying to kill.

他们试图把耶稣推下悬崖，但圣经记载祂从他们中间穿行而过。这听起来又像瞬间移动，我无法解释。大约此时，耶稣迁往迦百农，那里距拿撒勒约两日路程。如果我是祂，也会想离开那个地方。

They try to throw Jesus off a cliff, but Scripture says He passes from their midst. Again, this sounds like teleportation. I can't explain it. Around this time, Jesus moves to Capernaum, which is about a two day walk from Nazareth. I'd want to get out of there too if I were Him.

何况迦百农风景绝美，坐落在加利利海畔，是当时该地区最重要的城市之一。值得注意的是，这里是以色列当时文化最多元、种族最混杂的区域，这似乎与耶稣的使命不谋而合。我们后续会详谈这点。耶稣在迦百农已有熟人，比如西门彼得。

Plus, Capernaum is gorgeous. It's on the shore of the Sea Of Galilee, and it's one of the most important cities in the area at that time. It's important to note that this is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse areas of Israel in this day, which seems intentional given the mission Jesus is on. We'll talk more about that in the days ahead. Jesus already knows some people from Capernaum, like Simon Peter.

事实上，今天我们要重述祂初次呼召西门彼得等人成为门徒的故事。当时他们正在革尼撒勒湖（即加利利海的别称）打鱼。圣经常有这类令人困惑之处——同一事物有多个名称，我会在必要时加以说明。顺便一提，这就是昨天读到的耶稣正式呼召彼得、安德烈、雅各和约翰作门徒的同一事件。

In fact, today we recount the story of when He first calls Simon Peter and some of the other guys to follow Him as disciples. It happens while they're fishing by the Lake Of Gennesaret, which is another name for the Sea Of Galilee. This is one of the confusing things about Scripture. There are so many names for the same thing, so I'll try to clarify when I think it might be helpful. By the way, this is the same instance we read about yesterday where Jesus officially calls Peter, Andrew, James, and John to be his disciples.

我特别爱这个情节的发展：这些职业渔夫正遭遇惨淡收成，耶稣像技术支援般走过来问：你们试过关机重启了吗？而他们居然照做了。

I love how it all goes down. These professional fishermen are failing miserably at their job. Then Jesus walks up like tech support and says, have you tried unplugging it then plugging it back in again? And they're like, okay. Sure.

但这招真管用。他们捕到爆网的鱼，船都快沉了。就在那一刻，当耶稣邀请他们跟随时，他们毫不犹豫抓住机会——他们知道眼前这人非同寻常。

But it works. They catch so many fish. The nets are breaking and the boats are sinking. And at that point, when he invites them to follow him, they jump at the opportunity. They know there's something special about this man.

与文艺复兴时期画作描绘的相反，耶稣的门徒们年轻而充满活力。他们大约在13到15岁之间。我们之所以知道这一点，是因为他们年纪尚小，仍能跟随拉比或老师学习——犹太男孩通常在12岁时开始这样的修行。但这些年轻人似乎被其他拉比拒绝了。他们正处于职业生涯的初期，大多在父亲的生意中帮忙。

Contrary to what the Renaissance paintings portray, Jesus' disciples are young and spry. They're probably in the range of 13 to 15 years old. We know that because they're still young enough to follow a rabbi or teacher, which usually happens for Jewish boys at age 12. But it appears these guys have been rejected by other rabbis. They're in the early stages of their work life where they're mostly working at their dad's business.

彼得已经结婚，可能还有少数其他人也是，但大多数门徒似乎是单身。他们追随的耶稣此时30岁。随着我们继续阅读，会发现耶稣常称他们为'小孩子'。因此我们必须摒弃脑海中那些布满皱纹的额头和浓密胡须的形象，转而想象一群瘦小的渔夫，荷尔蒙旺盛、精力充沛。这个视角也能让彼得的某些行为显得更合理。

Peter is married and maybe a few others, but most of them appear to be single. And they're following Jesus, who is 30 years old at this point. And as we keep reading, we'll see that he often refers to them as little children. So we have to shake off the mental image of their weathered foreheads and their massive beards and instead picture scrawny little fishermen with raging hormones and lots of energy. That perspective will also help some of Peter's actions make a lot more sense.

当耶稣迁居迦百农时，许多学者认为他很可能住进了彼得的家族住宅。原因在于：古犹太文化中，扩展家庭共同居住，所以彼得的岳母会与他们同住。该文化还禁止成年男性进入非亲属家庭的私人区域。既然耶稣是在彼得岳母躺卧家中时治愈她的，这一切就说得通了。考古学家认为他们已找到了彼得（可能也包括耶稣）居住过的房子。

When Jesus moves to Capernaum, lots of scholars think He probably moved into Peter's family's house. Here's why: In ancient Jewish culture, extended families lived together, so Peter's mother-in-law would have lived with him. The culture also restricted adult males from being in the private chambers of a home unless they lived in that home. And since Jesus healed Peter's mother-in-law while she was lying down at home, it seems to add up. Archaeologists think they found that house where Peter and possibly Jesus lived.

我们会在节目注释中链接一篇相关短文。在以色列教学之旅中，我们会参观那栋房子——它正对着会堂入口，耶稣曾在那里当着门徒的面以权威教导众人，并在今日经文中治愈了被恶魔附身的人。今天的经文记载了多次治愈。你可能好奇为何在《路加福音》五章十二节中，耶稣让被治愈的麻风病人保持沉默？为何不愿让人知道这次治愈？

We'll link to a short article about that in the show notes. We visit that house on our teaching trips to Israel, and it's right across from the entrance to the synagogue where Jesus taught with authority in front of His disciples, then healed the man with the demon in today's reading. He does a lot of healing in today's reading. And you may have wondered why in Luke five twelve, He tells the leper He heals to keep things hush-hush. Why doesn't Jesus want anyone to know He healed this guy?

请记下这个问题。我们将在后续探讨。今日经文还提到许多一世纪的会堂，记载耶稣在它们中间传道。长期以来，学者们用这段经文试图否定圣经，因为他们认为一世纪根本不存在会堂。他们主张当时犹太人只在耶路撒冷圣殿敬拜，而非本地。

Put a pen in that. We'll come back to it in the days ahead. Today's reading also mentions a lot of first century synagogues, and it tells us that Jesus was preaching in all of them. For a long time, scholars used this verse in an effort to disprove Scripture, because as far as they know, there were no first century synagogues. They argued that first century Jews only worshipped in the temple in Jerusalem, not locally.

但近年考古学家发现了七座一世纪会堂。尽管埋藏两千年，其中一些保存惊人完好。有座会堂的马赛克地砖甚至完整无损。我们以色列之行会参观这座位于抹大拉马利亚家乡的会堂，它是我最喜爱的行程站点之一。

But in recent years, archaeologists have discovered seven first century synagogues. Some of them are in remarkable condition despite being buried for two thousand years. One of them even has the mosaic tile floor intact. We visit that synagogue on our trips to Israel. It's in the hometown of Mary Magdalene, and it's one of my favorite stops on the tour.

今日经文中，耶稣还召税吏马太成为门徒。文中他被称为利未，但所有证据表明这就是福音书作者马太。若需更多信息，请查阅节目注释中的相关短文。像马太/利未这样的税吏在耶稣时代特别遭恨——不止我们调侃国税局那种程度。人们恨他们不仅因超额征税，更因他们的工作是为罗马占领军（这些压迫者入侵犹太地，制造苦难甚至杀害亲属）向同胞收税。

Today, Jesus also calls Matthew the tax collector to be one of His disciples. In the text, He's called Levi, but all the evidence points to this being the same person as Matthew the gospel writer. Look for a short article about that in our show notes if you want more info. Tax collectors like Matthew slash Levi are especially hated in Jesus' day, not just in the way we joke about the IRS. They're hated not only because they overcharge people, but primarily because their job is to collect money from the Jews to fund the Roman army, the occupying army who has moved into their country and is oppressing them, making their lives miserable in general, and even killing their family members.

想象一下，如果有人拿走你的薪水，用来资助杀害你的家人。这就是为什么人们如此憎恨税吏。所以请思考一下，耶稣主动寻找那些被拉比拒绝、被当地人憎恶的人，这说明了什么。这就是我今天看到的上帝显现。祂已经在向我们展示，祂的国度是一个颠覆常规的国度。

Imagine if someone took your paycheck and used it to fund the murder of your family. That is why the people hate the tax collectors so much. So think for a minute about what it says about Jesus that He sought out the people who were rejected by rabbis and hated by locals. This is where I saw my God shot today. He's already showing us that his kingdom is an upside down kingdom.

祂在寻找那些被遗弃和不被爱的人。祂指向旧约中关于医治和供应外邦人的故事。祂说祂来是要让被囚的得自由，受压制的得释放，瞎眼的得看见，贫穷的得听福音。如果你是被压迫者、被囚禁者，这一切对你来说是多么鼓舞人心。但对那些狱卒和压迫者来说，这不是好消息。

He's seeking out the unwanted and the unloved. He's pointing to Old Testament stories of healing and provision for the foreigners. And he's saying he's come to bring freedom for prisoners and liberty for the oppressed and sight for the blind and good news for the poor. And all of this is so encouraging to you if you're the oppressed, if you're the imprisoned. But it's not good news for the jailers and the oppressors.

因为当你释放囚犯时，狱卒会变得更加愤怒、自以为是和道貌岸然。耶稣刚向拿撒勒人指出这一点，他们就试图杀害祂。但祂知道自己在做什么。祂知道他们会拒绝祂。祂甚至在路加福音第四章的讲道中就对他们说过。

Because when you set prisoners free, the jailers grow even more furious and entitled and self righteous. And the minute Jesus points this out to the people of Nazareth, they try to kill him. But he knew what he was doing. He knew they would reject him. He even said it to them in his sermon in Luke four.

祂从一开始就知道他们会拒绝祂。但祂仍然来了，被祂所爱的人拒绝，感受他们的痛苦，这样祂才能带领他们脱离束缚，进入喜乐，带领他们归向祂自己，因为祂就是喜乐的所在。你们都很喜欢新的TBR圣经，这让我非常高兴。如果你还没听说过，TBR圣经是一本二合一的书。你将按时间顺序逐日阅读整本圣经，紧接着是每日的回顾。

He knew from the beginning that they would reject Him. And still He came to be rejected by the people He loved, to feel their pain, so He could lead them out of bondage and into joy, to lead them to Himself, because he's where the joy is. You guys are loving the new TBR Bible, and it makes me so happy. If you haven't heard the TBR Bible is a two in one book. You get the entire Bible laid out chronologically day by day, immediately followed by each day's recap.

我们有四种选择。有蓝色精装版、棕色纯素皮革版和粉色纯素皮革精装版。如果你在TBR商店购物，还可以选择我们独家推出的黑色真皮版。它们都是英文标准版，都有更宽的页边空白方便做笔记。你可以在biblerecap.com/store查看所有选项和内部排版，或者点击节目说明中的链接。

We have four options to choose from. It comes in blue hardback, brown vegan leather, and pink vegan leather hardback. And if you shop in the TBR store, you can pick up our exclusive black genuine leather option. They're all in the English standard version, and they all have wider margins for note taking. You can see all the options and check out the interior layout at the biblerecap.com forward /store or click the link in the show notes.