社交媒体受审

《纽约时报》应用里有很多你可能没见过的内容。

The New York Times app has all this stuff that you may not have seen.

就是

The way

标签页在顶部，包含了所有不同的板块。

the tabs are at the top with all of the different sections.

我可以立即跳转到符合我心情的内容。

I can immediately navigate to something that matches what I'm feeling.

我总是订购游戏。

I order games always.

玩小游戏。

Doing the mini.

玩填字游戏。

Doing the Wordle.

我喜欢它让我接触到这么多内容。

I loved how much content it exposed me to.

我从来没想到会向新闻应用寻求这些内容。

Things that I never would have thought to turn to a news app for.

这个应用必不可少。

This app is essential.

《纽约时报》应用。

The New York Times app.

所有时间，全部集中在一个地方。

All of the times, all in one place.

现在立即前往 nytimes.com/app 下载。

Download it now at nytimes.com/app.

来自《纽约时报》，我是蕾切尔·阿布拉姆斯，这里是《每日新闻》。

From The New York Times, I'm Rachel Abrams, and this is The Daily.

多年来，社交媒体公司一直依赖坚不可摧的第一修正案保护，以规避其产品对儿童有害的法律指控。

For years, social media companies have relied on an impenetrable First Amendment protection to shield them from legal claims that their products are dangerous to children.

但现在，一群新的原告正尝试不同的策略。

But now, a new cluster of plaintiffs are trying a different tact.

今天，我的同事孔思琪解释了为什么这些诉讼对社交媒体巨头构成了生存威胁，以及这些公司可能如何为自己辩护。

Today, my colleague Cecilia Kong explains why these lawsuits pose an existential threat to social media giants and how those companies are likely to defend themselves.

今天是1月29日，星期四。

It's Thursday, January 29.

TikTok面临困境。

Trouble for TikTok.

一群来自多个州的总检察长正在调查短视频平台TikTok是否对儿童有害。

As a group of attorney generals in several states look into whether the video sharing platform TikTok is harmful for children.

Facebook的内部研究发现，其图片分享应用Instagram可能损害数百万年轻用户的心理健康。

Internal research at Facebook found that its photo sharing app, Instagram, can harm the mental health of millions of young users.

研究表明，95%的青少年都在使用社交媒体。

Research shows ninety five percent of teens are on social media.

超过三分之一的人表示他们几乎一直在使用。

More than a third say they're on constantly.

对年轻人来说，TikTok平台就像数字尼古丁。

For young people, the TikTok platform is like digital nicotine.

一张图表显示，美国有21%的女生在使用Instagram后感觉状态更差或糟糕很多。

One chart showed twenty one percent of girls in The US felt somewhat worse or much worse after using Instagram.

社交媒体让我了解了自己以前从未意识到的事情，比如我的鼻子有多丑，我的体重有多不达标。

Social media taught me things about myself that I didn't even know, like how I had an ugly nose or how my weight wasn't the proper weight.

社交媒体说，解决这些问题的方法不是自我接纳。

Social media said the solution to these things wasn't self acceptance.

社交媒体说，解决这些问题的方法是购买产品，有时甚至是接受手术。

Social media said the solution to these things was products and sometimes even surgeries.

未经监管的社交媒体是一种大规模杀伤性武器，持续威胁着所有美国青少年的安全、隐私和福祉。

Unregulated social media is a weapon of mass destruction that continues to jeopardize the safety, privacy, and well-being of all American youth.

是时候采取行动了。

It's time to act.

作为一名三个孩子的父亲，我感到愤怒和震惊。

As a dad of three, I'm angered and horrified.

作为一名总检察长，我与全国各地的同事正采取行动，对此采取措施。

As a attorney general, I, along with my colleagues across the country, are taking action to do something about it.

塞西莉亚，欢迎来到《每日新闻》。

Cecilia, welcome to The Daily.

谢谢你们邀请我。

Thanks for having me.

所以，塞西莉亚，我们在这档节目中已经讨论了很多关于社交媒体对儿童有害的指控，比如它可能导致心理健康问题和社会孤立。

So, Cecilia, we've talked a lot on the show about the claims that social media is harmful for children, that it can lead to mental health disorders, social isolation.

多年来，人们一直试图限制这些社交媒体平台的影响力和传播范围。

And there have been all sorts of attempts over the years to really curb the reach and influence of these social media platforms.

现在我们有了这一批新的诉讼，我想了解这些诉讼与我们过去见过的监管或约束这些公司的尝试有何不同？

Now we have this new crop of lawsuits, and I wanna understand how are these lawsuits any different from previous attempts that we've seen to regulate or rein in these companies?

这些社交媒体公司多年来一直面临严厉的审查和批评，被指权力过大，

So these social media companies have, for years, faced really tough scrutiny and criticism for being too powerful

是的，

Mhmm.

以及打压竞争、传播虚假内容，还有平台上内容所引发的各种危害。

And crushing competition, for hosting content that is false, all kinds of harms related to the kind of content that is hosted on these platforms.

但即将在本周开庭的这些案件非常不同，因为有成千上万的个人、学区和州总检察长联合提起了一系列诉讼，核心主张只有一条：社交媒体具有成瘾性，而这些平台的成瘾特性已导致多种人身伤害，包括焦虑、抑郁、自杀念头和饮食失调。

But the cases that are about to begin this week in trials is really different in that there are thousands of individuals, school districts, and state attorneys generals that have come together in a series of lawsuits that are arguing the same one thing, which is that social media is addictive, and that the addictive nature of these platforms have led to a bevy of personal injuries, including anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders.

所以真正不同的是，这不再关乎平台所承载的内容，而是关乎这些技术本身的特性。

So what's really different is this is less about the content they host, and this is more about the nature of the technologies.

这是一种非常新颖的法律理论。

And this is a really novel legal theory.

这本质上是社交媒体的‘大烟草时刻’，正如你所知，这导致了多年来对烟草公司的诉讼，并最终促成了吸烟率的下降。

It's essentially social media's big tobacco moment, which led, as you know, to many years of litigation against the tobacco companies and ultimately led to the decline of smoking.

因此，许多人在社交媒体行业看来，这是一场关乎生死存亡的时刻。

And so many in social media see this as a really existential moment.

所以，本质上，这些案件的核心是人身伤害索赔。

So, basically, the crux of this is that these are personal injury claims.

对吗？

Right?

这实际上让原告能够绕开传统上保护这些公司免于承担责任的言论自由辩护。

And that effectively allows the plaintiffs to sidestep what has traditionally shielded these companies from liability, which is their free speech defense.

没错，蕾切尔。

That's exactly right, Rachel.

这些案件中的律师和原告试图绕过社交媒体公司长期以来在法庭上用来保护自己的法律屏障。

What the lawyers in these cases and the plaintiffs are trying to do is to get around that legal shield that the social media companies have been able to use to protect themselves in court.

他们说，不是这样的。

And they're saying, no.

这根本就不是关于言论的问题。

This is actually not about speech at all.

而是关于这些公司设计和制造具有危害性的技术，这违反了州和联邦的消费者法律。

This is about you companies creating and engineering technologies to be harmful and that those are violations of state and federal consumer laws.

那我们来逐一分析这些案件。

So let's walk through these cases.

他们具体是如何提出这一主张的？

How are they making that claim specifically?

今年，我们将看到所有已提起的案件中，有两大批审判正式启动。

So this year, we will see two big batches of trials begin in all of these cases that have been filed.

在洛杉矶进行的第一批案件包括九名原告，九场独立的审判，由这些不同的原告分别进行。

And the first batch that takes place in Los Angeles include nine plaintiffs, nine trials, separate trials by these different plaintiffs.

他们都是个人，都声称自己在年幼、未成年时对社交媒体上瘾，并遭受了这些伤害。

They're all individuals, all claiming that when they were young, when they were minors, they became addicted to social media, and they suffered these harms.

这九个案件被称为示范性案件，因为它们是从数千起个人对社交媒体公司提起的诉讼中挑选出来的，被视为能够代表个人因沉迷这些社交媒体平台而经历和遭受的多种指控和体验。

And these nine cases, they're known as bellwethers because they've been picked out of thousands of lawsuits filed by individuals against the social media companies, and they're seen as very representative of the many different charges and experiences that individuals have had and suffered as they claim by becoming addicted to these social media companies.

因此，首个开庭审理的案件是一位名叫KGM的个人。

So the first case in trial that begins is of a individual whose goes by the initials KGM.

她是一位来自加利福尼亚州奇科的20岁女孩，表示自己在8岁时创建了第一个社交媒体账号——YouTube。

She is a now 20 year old from Chico, California, and she has said that she created her first social media account on YouTube at the age of eight.

随后，她在9岁时加入Instagram，10岁时加入Musically（即现在的TikTok），11岁时使用Snapchat。

She then joined Instagram at the age of nine and Musically, which is now known as TikTok, at the age of 10 and Snapchat at 11.

因此，她长期使用所有这些社交媒体平台。

So she's been using all the social media platforms for a long time.

她的母亲表示，她完全不知道这些平台可能具有危险性，甚至会对她的孩子产生如此强烈的成瘾性。

And her mom said that she had no idea that these platforms could be dangerous and could become so addictive to her child.

她是在观看了一个新闻节目后才意识到这一点的，节目中她了解到了社交媒体可能带来的危害。

And she only figured that out after watching a news program where she learned about the potential harms of social media.

她的母亲表示，如果她知道这些网站可能如此有害，她本会阻止女儿甚至拥有手机和使用这些应用。

Her mom said that if she had known how potentially harmful these sites were, she would have prevented her daughter from perhaps even having a phone and using the apps.

而原告KGM所主张的是，这些社交媒体平台对她极具吸引力，让她上瘾了。

And what KGM, the plaintiff, is arguing is that the social media platforms were incredibly alluring to her and that she got hooked.

这些极具成瘾性的产品采用了诸如无限滚动等功能，意味着你只需不断滑动、滑动，还有自动播放视频功能——当你看完一个视频后，下一个视频会立即自动播放，甚至在你还没来得及思考之前。

And these very addictive products that use features like infinite scrolling, meaning it's just so easy to keep scrolling and scrolling, and things like autoplay videos where right after you finish a video, the next one's queued up before you even think about it.

而且

And

还有算法会引导你并推荐她认为非常有害的特定内容，所有这些功能导致她过度使用社交媒体并上瘾。

algorithms that direct you and recommend particular content that she has found to be very toxic, that all these features led her to overuse social media and become addicted.

而这反过来又给她带来了诸多心理健康问题，包括焦虑、抑郁、自杀念头以及身体形象问题。

And that, in turn, led to lots of mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and body image issues for her.

所以

So

这些正是我现在认为很多人已经熟悉的主张。

these are the kinds of claims that I think a lot of people have become familiar with by now.

年轻人由于反复接触社交媒体平台，可能会出现各种心理和情绪问题。

The idea that young people can develop any number of mental and emotional conditions from repeated exposure to social media platforms.

你还在关注哪些其他的诉讼案件？

What are some of the other litigation that you're watching?

下一波重大诉讼将在六月左右在联邦法院展开。

So the next big wave begins around June in federal court.

这些案件都被合并在一起，由数十个州的总检察长以及学区提起。

They're all bundled together, and they're brought by attorneys general in dozens of states as well as school districts.

这些案件非常有趣，蕾切尔，因为它们指控这些公司构成公共妨害。

And those are really interesting, Rachel, in that they are charging the companies with being a public nuisances.

由于这些平台，学区和各州不得不承担心理健康服务、学校内的手机管理项目以及应对青少年危机的各类项目的费用。

That the fact that they, as school districts and states, have had to shoulder the costs of mental health services, phone programs within schools, all kinds of programs to deal with a youth crisis.

因此，他们不仅起诉这些公司要求经济赔偿，还希望看到公司做出重大改变，要求平台放弃一些具有成瘾性的技术功能。

And so they are suing the companies for monetary damages, and they're also saying that they would like to see big changes within the companies, that the platforms have to give up some of these addictive technology features.

既然这些都是人身伤害索赔，原告在法庭上胜诉需要证明什么？

Given that these are all personal injury claims, what do the plaintiffs actually need to prove in order to prevail in court?

这些原告需要证明社交媒体与成瘾有关，而这将很难做到。

What these plaintiffs have to prove is that social media is linked to addiction, and that's gonna be hard.

这将是一种前所未有的新型论点。

It's gonna be a new sort of argument that hasn't been tested before.

因此，他们必须提供专家证据，证明像TikTok和Instagram上的无限滚动、自动播放视频等功能导致了强迫性使用，并且技术与行为之间存在直接关联。

And so they're gonna have to show that there is expert evidence that the use of tools like infinite scrolling on TikTok and on Instagram and autoplay a video are features that have led to compulsive use and that there is a direct link between the technology and behavior.

他们还必须证明这些公司早就知道自己的产品有害，并且故意向公众隐瞒了这些信息。

And they'll also have to show that these companies knew all along that their products were harmful and that they withheld what they knew from the public.

那么，原告用来证明你所说的科技与伤害之间因果关系的最好证据是什么？

So what's the best evidence that the plaintiffs have to show what you're describing as a a causal link between the technology and the harm?

关于社交媒体对心理健康的影响，已经进行了大量研究。

So there have been numerous studies done on the mental health effects of social media.

但原告将主要依赖他们在审判前通过证据开示收集的数十万份文件，原告律师表示，这些文件显示，这些公司早就知道存在问题，并且在内部发现了大量关于其产品如何影响年轻人的令人担忧的证据。

But what the plaintiffs are gonna really rely on is hundreds of thousands of documents that they've collected in discovery ahead of these trials that the plaintiff's lawyers say showed that the companies knew that there was a problem, then they found internally that there was a lot of troubling evidence about their products and how they affected young people.

例如，2018年，Meta开始研究Instagram的使用情况。

For example, in 2018, Meta began studying how Instagram.

美颜滤镜，明确一下，就是你可以用在自己或他人脸上，让对方看起来更美、改变图像的滤镜。

Beauty filters, just to be clear, those are the filter you can put on your face or somebody else's face to make them more beautiful, to just alter the image.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yes.

他们从2018年开始研究这一问题，并在2019年因公众强烈反对而决定禁止该滤镜。

And they began studying that in 2018, and decided in 2019 after a lot of backlash publicly that they would ban the filter.

但就在同一年，2019年，首席执行官马克·扎克伯格曾考虑将滤镜重新引入Instagram。

But that same year in 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO, considered bringing the filters back to Instagram.

这些滤镜是提升用户参与度的重要工具，年轻人很喜欢使用。

These were big drivers of engagement, and young people like to use them.

公司内部员工恳求他不要这样做，其中一位高管表示，这些滤镜对年轻女孩尤其有害。

And employees within the company implored him not to, including an executive because she said they're really just so toxic for particularly young girls.

她说自己的女儿患有身体畸形障碍。

And she said that her own daughter suffered from body dysmorphia.

她直接给扎克伯格发了一封邮件，请求他重新考虑。

And she sent an email directly to Zuckerberg asking him to reconsider.

他无视了这封邮件，并在2020年决定恢复这些美颜滤镜。

He ignored the email and decided in 2020 to reinstate the beauty filters.

因此，KGM的律师们将引用这些内部文件，指出这充分证明公司不仅研究了这个问题，还意识到问题的存在，却从未向公众披露。

And so lawyers for KGM are going to point to these internal documents and say that this is really the proof that the company not only studied the problem, they recognized there was a problem, and yet they did not tell the public about the problem.

他们允许这些工具继续运行。

They allowed the tools to continue operating.

原告具体要求的是什么？

And what are the plaintiffs asking for specifically?

当然要钱，但你能再具体说说他们的诉求吗？

Obviously, money, but can you just give us a little bit more specifics on their demands?

原告如你所说，要求经济赔偿，同时也要求对这些平台的设计进行修改。

The plaintiffs are asking, as you said, for monetary damages, and they are also asking for changes to the designs of these platforms.

因此，他们将要求加强年龄验证，并开发工具以确保未成年人无法再绕过服务条款使用这些平台。

So they're gonna ask for stronger age verification and tools to make sure that underage users are no longer able to escape the terms and service and and use the platforms.

他们可能还会要求增加家长控制功能，并让公司移除诸如无限滚动、视频自动播放和Snap聊天连续打卡等成瘾性功能。

They'll probably also ask for more parental controls and that the companies remove addictive features like infinite scroll and autoplay of videos and snap streaks.

我这话说出来可真要暴露年龄了，塞西莉亚。

I'm really gonna show my age here, Cecilia.

但什么是Snap聊天连续打卡？

But what is a snap streak?

哦，Snap聊天连续打卡是一种类似游戏的功能，这正是它被指责具有成瘾性的原因。

Oh, so a snap streak is it's kind of a game, and this is why it's been accused of being addictive.

这是两个人之间的消息互动。

It's messaging between two people.

其核心是让两个人之间形成持续的消息交流记录。

And the idea is to create a streak of messages between two people.

要维持这种连续打卡，必须每天沟通并发送Snap消息，这些消息通常是视觉内容，比如照片、视频或某种文字信息。

And you maintain a streak by communicating every day and sending snaps, which are usually visuals, like a photo or some sort of a video or some sort of a message.

只要你每天沟通，就能保持你的连续打卡。

And you keep your streak going if you communicate every day.

如果你有一天停止沟通，就会失去你的连续打卡。

You lose your streak if you stop even for one day.

我明白了。

I see.

这显然是一种旨在让你尽可能长时间留在平台上的工具，而这正是商业模式的一部分。

And that does seem very clearly like an example of a tool that is designed to keep you on the platform as much as possible, which is part of the business model.

对吧？

Right?

这些公司正是想对用户这么做。

That's what these companies are trying to do with their users.

所以，如果你移除这些功能，确实可能像你说的那样，对整个商业模式构成生存威胁。

So it makes sense that if you take those features away, that could pose, as you said, kind of an existential threat to the entire business model.

没错。

That's right.

重要的是要记住，这个商业模式是广告。

And it's important to keep in mind that the business model is advertising.

真正推动广告收入的是用户参与度。

And what really fuels advertising revenue is engagement.

对。

Right.

参与度是核心，这些工具的设计目的就是让用户更投入。

Engagement is at the heart of this, and these tools are meant to keep people more engaged.

所以你能理解为什么这些试验对这些公司来说可能造成如此严重的损害。

So you can see why these trials are really so potentially damaging for these companies.

因此，我们看到两家公司——Snap和TikTok——已经与KGM达成了首起案件的和解。

And so that's why we've seen two companies, Snap and TikTok, settle the very first case with KGM.

我们不知道这些和解的具体条款，但Meta和YouTube仍被列为KGM诉讼的被告，且似乎决心继续将此案推向审判。

We don't know the terms of those settlements, but Meta and YouTube are still scheduled to go to trial as defendants in KGM's lawsuit and appear very determined to continue to take this to trial.

我们马上回来。

We'll be right back.

嘿，大家好。

Hey, y'all.

我是来自《纽约时报》旗下产品推荐服务Wirecutter的基拉·布莱克韦尔，我负责测试床垫。

It's Kyra Blackwell from Wirecutter, the product recommendation service from The New York Times, and I test mattresses.

今天，我正在测试七款床垫，全部是隐藏品牌。

Today, I am testing seven mattresses, all brain concealed.

挑选一张合适的床垫感觉真是个令人望而生畏的任务。

It just feels like such a daunting endeavor to pick the right mattress.

这张床垫支撑性非常好。

This mattress is very supportive.

就是很容易就能翻身换姿势。

It's just, like, very easy to shift positions.

我们评估了近四十八款记忆棉、弹簧和混合床垫。

We consider nearly four dozen foam, innerspring, and hybrid mattresses.

我们关注边缘支撑、运动隔离和软硬度等级。

We're looking out for edge support, motion isolation, and firmness levels.

我们会在测试者之间交叉核对数据，这些测试者涵盖各种体型、体型和睡眠偏好。

Are cross referencing our data between testers, which includes people of all different shapes, sizes, and sleep preferences.

刚从包装里拿出来时，它闻起来像薰衣草。

When it came right out the box, it smelled like lavender.

我不确定它能持续多久。

I'm not sure how long it'll last.

我已经完成了所有测试者问卷的整理。

I finished compiling all of my testers' surveys.

一位测试者表示，这张床垫有一定的柔软度，同时具备底层的支撑性和稳固性。

One tester noted the mattress had some give and underlying firmness and support.

在Wirecutter，我们替你做好了所有调研工作。

At Wirecutter, we do the work so you don't have to.

如需独立的产品评测与真实世界中的推荐，请访问 nytimes.com/wirecutter。

For independent product reviews and recommendations for the real world, come visit us at nytimes.com/wirecutter.

它感觉非常柔软，但这种柔软是好的那种。

It feels very squishy, but in a good way.

塞西莉亚，如果这些诉讼可能对某些社交媒体公司构成生存性威胁，为什么它们不像TikTok和Snap那样在第一个案件中选择和解呢？

Cecilia, if these lawsuits are so existential potentially for some of these social media companies, why would some of them not settle the way that TikTok and Snap did with that first case?

presumably，它们为和解所支付的金额，与不得不改变整个商业模式相比，简直是微不足道的。

Presumably, the money that they would have to pay to settle is nothing compared with having to alter an entire business model.

对吧？

Right?

那为什么还要冒险去打官司呢？

So why even take the risk and go to trial?

首先，有许多案件已经排期开庭。

Well, there are many trials that are scheduled, first of all.

尽管两家公司在这起首案中已与KGM达成和解，但还有大量类似案件正在州法院和联邦法院进行中。

So even though two companies were able to settle with KGM in this first case, there are numerous more in the state court as well as in federal court going forward.

另一点需要注意的是，这些公司，尤其是Meta和YouTube，坚信自己立场坚实，会像你提到的那样，援引言论自由保护条款。

The other thing to keep in mind is that the companies, especially Meta and YouTube, really feel strongly that they have a good case on their side, and they will bring up speech protections like you mentioned, Rachel.

他们会指出，《通信规范法》第230条为互联网公司提供了豁免权，使其无需为平台上托管的内容承担责任。

They're going to say that there is a law known as section two thirty of the Communications Decency Act that shields Internet companies from the content they host.

因为第230条的适用范围非常广泛，且在许多不同案例中都被有力地用于支持他们。

Because section two thirty has been so broad and so strongly used in their favor in so many different instances.

因此，他们对自己能够再次依赖这一法律保护感到相当自信。

And so they're feeling pretty confident that they can rely on that legal shield once again.

此外，他们否认社交媒体与个人伤害之间存在关联，公司律师预计将辩称，心理健康问题涉及多种因素。

In addition, they reject the idea that social media can be linked to personal injury, And the company's lawyers are expected to argue that there are many factors that go into mental health issues.

他们将指出，这是多因素共同作用的结果。

They're going to say that it's multifactorial.

可能是学校问题、朋友间的压力。

It could be school problems, stress with friends.

导致焦虑、抑郁和其他心理障碍的因素多种多样，而不仅仅是社交媒体。

There could be all kinds of factors that lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders, and not social media alone.

是的。

Right.

而且，因果关系确实值得认真探讨，这一点是公平的。

And the causal link does, in fairness, feel like something worth grappling with.

对吧？

Right?

因为你怎么区分社交媒体的影响，比如与推崇某些审美标准和体型的文化之间的区别？

Because how do you distinguish the impact, for example, of social media from a culture that promotes certain beauty standards and certain body types?

对吧？

Right?

比如，真的有可能将因果关系明确归因于某个特定的社交媒体平台吗？

Like, is it actually possible to isolate and prove causation back to a specific social media platform?

原告律师打算再次利用他们收集到的所有内部文件，试图展示平台如何推动增加用户参与度，让产品更具粘性甚至成瘾。

What the plaintiff's lawyers are going to try to do is to, again, draw from all the internal documents they've collected, and they will try to show how the push to increase engagement and to make their products sticky and even addictive.

嗯。

Mhmm.

但最终，这些加利福尼亚案件还是要由陪审团来裁决。

But, ultimately, it comes down to a jury in these California cases.

陪审团也将决定后续案件，而这可能对原告有利，因为每个人都有关于社交媒体的故事。

Juries will decide the subsequent cases as well, and that might be favorable for the plaintiffs because everyone has a story about social media.

我们知道，例如，大多数美国父母认为社交媒体是一个问题，但这些公司迄今为止却未受到严格审查。

We know, for example, that the majority of American parents see social media as a problem, and yet the companies have so far escaped scrutiny.

塞西莉亚，如果这真的成为社交媒体的‘烟草时刻’，它们在法庭上败诉，陪审团认定社交媒体确实是一种成瘾性产品，那就意味着我们整整一代孩子如今都已上瘾。

Cecilia, if this does end up being social media's big tobacco moment and they lose these cases in court and a jury decides that this is in fact an addictive product, that means that we have an entire generation of kids who are now addicted.

因此我在想，我们整个对话都在讨论社交媒体公司会怎样，但那些本质上成为这场大规模社会实验小白鼠的孩子们又会怎样呢？

And so I wonder, we've been talking this whole conversation a lot about what happens to the social media companies, but what happens to these children that have essentially been the guinea pigs for this massive social experiment?

回想几十年前，针对大型烟草公司的诉讼刚开始时，指控这些公司制造成瘾性和有害产品似乎疯狂且牵强，但最终他们确实做到了。

Remember decades ago when the trials began against big tobacco, it seemed crazy and really farfetched to accuse the companies of creating an addictive and harmful product, but they did.

而对于社交媒体而言，多年来这些年轻人一直被指责无法控制自己使用社交媒体应用，这种对话可能会发生转变。

And with social media, with all of these young people who have been blamed for years for being unable to regulate their use of these social media apps, the conversation might change.

责任可能不再在年轻人身上，而转向社交媒体公司。

The blame could lie in a different place with the social media companies.

虽然这无法挽回许多年轻人因这些社交媒体平台而遭受的伤害经历，但它可能深刻改变我们社会的讨论方向。

Now that won't take back the experiences of so many young people who say they've been harmed by these social media platforms, but it could profoundly change the conversation in our society.

塞西莉亚·孔，非常感谢你抽出时间。

Cecilia Kong, thank you so much for your time.

谢谢您邀请我，蕾切尔。

Thanks for having me, Rachel.

我们马上回来。

We'll be right back.

今天您还需要了解这些内容。

Here's what else you need to know today.

周三，美联储投票决定维持利率在当前水平，尽管特朗普总统施加了巨大压力要求降息。

On Wednesday, the Federal Reserve voted to keep interest rates at the current levels despite enormous pressure from president Trump to cut rates.

两位由特朗普总统任命的美联储理事投了反对票。

Two Fed governors, both appointed by president Trump, cast dissenting votes.

但美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔即使在本月政府对他的行为展开罕见的刑事调查后，仍继续拒绝特朗普要求降息的呼声。

But Fed chairman Jerome Powell continues to reject Trump's demands for a rate cut even after the administration opened an unusual criminal investigation this month into Powell's conduct.

而且

And

我们的国父们曾就政府的哪个分支应拥有宣战或发动战争的权力进行了广泛辩论。

Our founders debated extensively over which branch of government should have the power to declare or initiate war.

他们几乎一致决定，宪法中规定的战争宣战或发起权属于国会。

Virtually unanimously, they decided what was entered into the constitution was that the declaration or initiation of war would be the power of congress.

在周三的一系列尖锐质询中，包括肯塔基州共和党参议员兰德·保罗在内的两党参议员，敦促国务卿马可·卢比奥解释，为何他和总统特朗普在派遣美军进入委内瑞拉逮捕并驱逐该国总统之前，未与国会协商。

In a series of pointed exchanges on Wednesday, senators of both parties, including Republican Rand Paul of Kentucky, pressed secretary of state Marco Rubio to explain why neither he nor president Trump consulted with congress before sending US troops into Venezuela to arrest and remove the country's president.

所以我想问你，如果一个外国轰炸了我们的防空导弹，俘虏并驱逐了我们的总统，并封锁了我们的国家，这会被视为战争行为吗？

So I would ask you, if a foreign country bombed our air defense missiles, captured and removed our president, and blockaded our country, would that be considered an act of war?

这会是战争行为吗？

Would it be an act of war?

我们根本不认为这次行动接近宪法所定义的战争标准。

We we just don't believe that this operation comes anywhere close to the constitutional definition

战争的定义。

of war.

但如果有人对我们这么做，那会是战争行为吗？

But would it be an act of war if someone did it to us?

当然，那绝对是战争行为。

Of course, it would be an act of war.

我是打排球的。

I'm volleyball.

反战。

Anti war.

在听证会上，鲁比奥拒绝排除未来美国在委内瑞拉采取军事行动的可能性，但表示特朗普总统并不希望再派美军前往该国。

During the hearing, Rubio refused to rule out future US military action in Venezuela, but said that president Trump has no desire to send American troops back to the country.

本期节目由罗谢尔·邦贾和夏农·林制作。

Today's episode was produced by Rochelle Bonja and Shannon Lin.

由黎乐和迈克尔·贝努瓦剪辑。

It was edited by Lexi Diao and Michael Benoit.

配乐由罗文·尼米斯托和丹·鲍威尔创作，音频工程由克里斯·伍德负责。

Contains music by Rowan Nimisto and Dan Powell and was engineered by Chris Wood.

以上就是《每日新闻》的全部内容。

That's it for The Daily.

我是蕾切尔·阿布拉姆斯。

I'm Rachel Abrams.

明天见。

See you tomorrow.