Hegota 中的 FOCIL、核心开发优先事项等——《每日 Gwei 补给》第 859 期——以太坊更新

大家好，欢迎来到《Delivery Refuel》的又一期节目，在这里我们将回顾以太坊生态系统中的最新动态。

Everyone, and welcome to another episode of Delivery Refuel, where you recap the latest news in Ethereum ecosystem.

我是你们的主持人蒂姆。

I'm your host, Tim.

这是西蒙。

This is Simon.

今天是2026年2月23日。

It's the 02/23/2026.

好了，各位。

Alright, everyone.

我们开始吧。

Let's get into it.

这周有很多与协议相关的重大新闻要聊，但首先，我想先做一点事项说明。

So a big week of protocol related news to get into this week, but first off, I just wanted to do a little bit of housekeeping here.

只是一个简短的公告。

Just a quick little announcement.

这跟以太坊、加密货币或任何类似的东西都没关系。

This has got not got to do with, with Ethereum or crypto or anything like that.

但你们知道，几个月前我宣布了，我要开始另一个项目，那就是写一部小说。

But as you guys know, I announced, you know, a couple months ago, few months ago now that I was, taking on another project, which which was writing a fiction novel.

现在进展非常顺利，我也非常享受这个过程。

Now that's making really great progress, and, I'm having a lot of fun doing that.

但今后，我想我不会再在《Refuel》上谈论它了。

But going forward, I don't think I'm gonna be talking about it at all on the refuel.

我其实打算创建一个独立的频道，专门分享我的写作，比如聊聊我正在读的书，或者这类话题。

I'm actually thinking of starting a separate channel for my writing in general where I can talk about, you know, my writing, talk about books that I'm reading, talk about those sorts of things.

对吧？

Right?

因为我想让这个频道《The Daily Guey》纯粹是关于以太坊的，同时讲两件事并不合适。

Because I wanna keep this channel, The Daily Guey, as the Ethereum channel, and it doesn't really make sense to be talking about both.

所以，是的，等我建好那个频道并分享出来，想关注的人就可以关注了。

So, yeah, when I make that channel or share it and whoever wants to follow, can follow.

我知道这两个领域之间并没有太多重叠，我想，而且我完全不觉得有必要去跟进或类似的事情。

I know there's not that much overlap between kind of the two, I guess, industries if you will, and I'm totally don't feel forced to follow along with or anything like that.

你可能对它感兴趣，也可能不感兴趣。

Maybe you're interested in it, maybe you're not.

这完全没问题。

That's totally fine.

但这也正是我要创建一个新频道，并且完全与这个频道分开的原因，因为我真的觉得这些事情彼此之间没什么关联。

But that's again why I'm going to create a new channel and keep it completely separate from this one, because I just don't think that these things, you know, have anything to do with each other really.

所以，是的，这个频道很快就会上线。

So, yeah, that'll be coming soon enough.

也许下周我就能把所有设置都做好了。

Maybe by next week, I'll have that all set up there.

但目前，我们先来聊聊上周的以太坊新闻。

But for now, let's jump into the news, the Ethereum news from the last week.

所以我想谈的第一件事是，虽然有很多重大的协议相关新闻，但第一件是Fossil将被纳入Hagotaw分叉。

So the first thing I wanna talk about, there's a there's a bunch of big protocol related news, but the first thing is that Fossil is going to be included in the Hagotaw fork.

我记得之前跟你们讨论过，这是Hagotar共识方案中的首要重点。

So I remember I discussed with you guys that it was a priority headliner for the consensus lay out in Hagotar.

它被从Glamsterdam推迟了，我记得当时跟你们说，我真的很希望它在Hagotar里不要再被推迟。

It got punted from Glamsterdam, and I remember saying to you guys that I really hope it doesn't get punted in Hagotar.

看起来它不会被推迟了。

It doesn't seem like it's going to.

看来我们现在可以确定，它将被纳入这次硬分叉中。

It seems like I mean, we we know we know now that it's going to be included in that hard fork.

关于时间表，我之前跟你们说过，我仍然不认为Haglutide今年能完成。

In terms of timelines, as I said to you guys, I still don't think Haglutide is going to be delivered this year.

我觉得可能会是明年初。

I think it's gonna be like early next year.

我很乐意被证明是错的，但我们现在都快二月底了。

Happy to be proven wrong on that, but, you know, we're in kind of late February here.

Glamsterdam仍在稳步推进。

Glamsterdam is still trucking along.

但如果Glamsterdam直到八月甚至更晚才发生，那我确实怀疑Hagleta今年能否实现。

But if that if Glamsterdam doesn't happen until like August or something like that, right, then, yeah, I just doubt that Hagleta is gonna happen, this year.

但那不是重点。

But that's, besides the point.

重点是fossil即将上线。

The point is is that fossil is going in.

对于还不了解fossil的人，简单说一下，它是多年来围绕增强以太坊抗审查能力所进行的迭代设计的最终形态。

Now a recap for those of you who don't know what fossil is, it's basically the end kind of state of many years of kind of iterative designs around hardening censorship resistance on Ethereum.

自2022年Tornado Cash受到OFAC制裁以来，这一项目才真正开始加速推进。

And it really started picking up steam once the OFAC sanctions sanctions happened on Tornado Cash all the way back in 2022.

我记得那大概是合并前一个月左右，大概是2022年8月8日，美国外国资产控制办公室宣布Tornado Cash的智能合约被制裁，禁止任何人与之交互。

I believe it was, like, about a month before the merge was happening or so it was August I think it was 08/08/2022 where essentially the office of office of foreign asset control in The US said that Tornado Cash or smart contracts were sanctioned and you couldn't interact with them.

随后，我们看到了一系列连锁反应：网络上的许多实体，特别是网络中的区块构建者和MEV Boost中继节点，开始审查这些交易。

And then of course, we had the fallout of that, which was a lot of these kind of entities on the network, specifically the builders and the MEV boost relayers on the network started censoring those transactions.

这使得我们必须认真思考：我们需要阻止这种行为。

And that really brought to the forefront the conversation of, well, we need to kinda stop that.

我们需要加强以太坊，以抵御类似的情况。

We need to harden Ethereum against stuff like that.

我认为由此诞生了两件主要的事情，可能还有第三件，但主要的两件是EPBS和Fossil及其这些年来的一系列迭代。

And I I think there was like two main things that got birthed out of this and maybe a third, but the main two were with EPBS and Fossil and all its iterations over over the years now then.

我们将在Glamsterdam中引入EPBS，这很棒，现在我们还要引入Fossil和Hagglottar。

We're getting EPBS in Glamsterdam, which is awesome, and now we're getting Fossil and Hagglottar.

第三件事，我想，虽然仍属于同一类，但目前仍不确定，那就是加密内存池，或者在一层网络上做一些加密，使交易保持私密。

The other third thing, I guess, like, it it still falls into the same bucket here, but it's more uncertain still at this stage is, encrypted mempools or doing some kind of, I guess, like, encryption, at at kind of layer one in order to make it so that transactions are private.

这样你就完全不知道交易内部发生了什么。

So you kind of have no idea what's going on inside the transactions there.

这属于执行层的范畴，因此不会与共识层产生冲突。

And that's on the execution layer side of things so that doesn't conflict with this the consensus layer side of things.

但这两件事，也就是Fossil和EPBS，自那以后一直走在最前沿。

But, yeah, both of those things, you know, Fossil and EPPS have really been at at the forefront since then.

从那时起，已经过去了三年多。

And it's been, you know, three and a bit years since then.

所以这不是一夜之间发生的事情，但确实在发生，各位，这太棒了。

So this is not something that's happened overnight, but it is happening guys, which is awesome.

比如 Fossil 就在发生。

Like Fossil is happening.

EPBS 也在发生，而且一个接一个地推进。

EPBS is happening and happening one after the other too.

正如我所说，EPBS 已经在 Glamsterdam 实现了，这解决了与中继器相关的 MEV Boost 流程中的许多问题。

Like, as I said, EPBS is in Glamsterdam, which fixes a lot of the issues around the MEV boost pipeline with regards to relayers.

而 Fossil 则解决了验证者和构建者在审查方面的诸多问题。

And then you've got Fossil, which fixes a lot of the issues around censorship when it comes to validators and builders.

本质上，它的运作方式是强制构建者将某些交易包含在区块中，或者验证者强制构建者包含特定交易，而不是仅仅审查或忽略它们。

So essentially, the way it works is that it basically forces builders to include certain transactions or the validators force builders to include certain transactions in their blocks instead of just censoring, you know, censoring them or not including them.

这是一段时间以前的事情了。

And there was some like, this is a little while ago.

我想大概一年前吧，我给你们展示过一张图表，显示即使网络中有 90% 在审查你，你的交易也几乎肯定会在两区块内被包含，这意义重大。

I think like maybe a year ago at this point, I I showed you guys, I think a chart that basically showed that within, I think it was like two blocks, even if 90% of the network was censoring you or something, you would get your transaction included, which is a huge huge deal.

因为如果90%的网络都在审查你，那就意味着你每区块只有10%的机会被包含，因为只有10%的节点不审查你，所以平均来说，每10个区块才会包含一次。

Because if 90% of the network was censoring you, then that means that you only have a 10% chance of getting your transaction included, in every block because only 10% is non censoring you, which means that it would take on average, you know, one in 10 blocks.

显然，这时间还不算太长，对吧？

Obviously, that's not still not a long time, right?

如果我算得没错的话，大概是一分二十秒左右。

It's like a minute and twenty seconds or something like that if I'm doing the math correctly there.

我其实没在算。

I'm I'm not actually.

实际上更接近两分钟。

It's it's closer to two minutes.

你知道，即使这看起来不算什么大事，也不算很长的时间，但它本质上是延迟包含，而Tornado Cash就是这么出问题的。

You know, if if that was to happen, but, you know, while it may not seem like a a big deal, may not seem like a long time, you it's basically delayed inclusion, which is what happened with Tornado Cache by the way.

我觉得在某个时候情况恶化到了那种地步。

I think at one point it got that bad.

这对Tenetocash来说问题不大，因为你并不需要即时包含之类的东西。

It it kind of is fine for Tenetocash because you don't need like instant inclusion or anything like that.

你其实可以等一等。

You can actually wait.

所谓‘还可以’，意思是并没有糟糕到极点。

And by fine, I mean like it's just not like terrible.

也没那么糟糕。

It's not terribly bad.

这仍然很糟糕。

It's still shit.

这依然不好，但还没到最糟糕的地步。

It's still bad, but it's not like terrible.

而当涉及到网络上的其他交易，比如DeFi交易，或者套利交易时，问题就来了，对吧？

Whereas when it comes to other transactions on the network such as DeFi transactions for example, such as arbitrage transactions, then that's when it becomes an issue, right?

在某些情况下，两分钟简直就是一辈子，尤其是在市场剧烈波动的时候。

That's when two minutes like that's a lifetime in certain scenarios especially in very volatile market conditions.

此外，令人欣慰的是，Fossil 不仅解决了许多这些问题，还增强了协议的稳定性，这也是进一步强化以太坊协议的更广泛路线图的一部分。

And then on top of that as well, what's what's cool is that not only does Fossil, rectify a lot of these issues, but what it also does is, it it kind of hardens the protocol, and and it's part of the wider roadmap of hardening the Ethereum protocol even further.

而且，正如我过去多次提到的，这正是以太坊与其他所有网络的不同之处。

And again, this is Ethereum, as I've said many times in the past, differentiating itself from everything else.

没有任何其他网络像这样高度重视抗审查性。

Like no other network is putting this much emphasis on censorship resistance.

它们声称是，但实际上并不是。

They claim to be, but they are not.

它们甚至根本不在意这类问题。

They're not even looking at this sorts of stuff.

它们根本不在乎这个。

They're not even caring about it.

它们实际上在内部接受这种想法，认为只要控制了验证者，就能赚到所有钱，还能随意审查，同时依然赚钱，这也没关系。

They're actually internalizing it where essentially they're saying that, well, you know, if if we just control the validators, we can make all the money and then we can censor whatever we want and still make money and it's fine.

有很多区块链都在这么做，而以太坊却走向了完全相反的方向，明确表示：不，这并不是我们想要构建的东西。

And there are a lot of chains that are doing this, whereas Ethereum is going in the complete opposite direction and and saying that, no, that's not what we're building.

我们并不是想重新创造传统金融。

We're not trying to recreate TradFi.

我们正在努力创建一个全新的系统。

We're trying to create an entirely new system here.

而且不仅仅是一个金融系统，而本质上是一个全新的互联网。

And and and not just, you know, a financial system, but like a new Internet essentially.

这一直是以太坊的目标。

And that's always been the goal of of Ethereum here.

因此，我非常高兴我们仍然走在这一道路上，也非常高兴核心开发者和研究人员优先考虑了Fossil，我们终于实现了它。

So I'm really, really glad that we're still on this path, and I'm really glad that the core developers, and researchers prioritized Fossil, and we finally have it.

这是EIP-7805，它将被纳入Hagata。

EIP seventy eight zero five it is, and it is going into Hagata.

所以我认为，再过一年或更短的时间，我们就会在网络中实现这一功能，它将很快到来。

So I would say let a year or less from now, we will have this in the network, which is gonna come up, pretty quickly there.

看到这一点真是太好了。

So great to see that.

祝贺所有为此付出努力、成功将EIP纳入网络的人们。

Congrats to all of the people that worked on this on getting their EIP into the network there.

好的。

Alright.

另一个与协议相关的重要消息是这个新团队，不，等等，不是新团队。

Another big piece of protocol related news was this new team that has been, no, sorry, not the not new team.

那个才是接下来要讲的。

That that comes next.

这与从以太坊基金会分出来的那个新团队是分开的。

This is something separate to the new team that was formed out of the EF.

这是关于以太坊基金会2026年协议优先事项的更新。

So this is an update on the EF's protocol priorities for 2026.

正如你们所知，去年基金会提出了2025年的优先事项，主要是扩大L1，通过如数据块等方式扩展L2，同时改善以太坊的用户体验。

So as you guys know, last year, the EF put, put forward their priorities for 2025, which is essentially scale the l one, scale l twos via things like blobs, and also, fix the user experience on Ethereum or improve the user experience on Ethereum.

因此，这方面已经取得了很大进展，但2026年重新确定的优先事项比去年定义的更广泛。

So essentially, there've been great progress on that front, but the renewed priorities for, 2026 are a bit broader than what they were as defined last year.

简而言之，扩展仍然是L1和L2路线图上的重点，他们强调专注于共识、执行和数据块的扩展。

So essentially scaling is still on the on the roadmap PR for l one and l two, and they say they're focusing on scaling for consensus execution and blob scaling.

所以这适用于 L1 和 L2。

So that's at the l one and and the l twos there.

他们还提到了谁在主导这些工作，如你所见，我也会在 YouTube 描述中附上博客链接，供你查看。

And they also mentioned who's leading these efforts as you can see, here and I'll link the blog post in the YouTube description below for you to check out there as well.

其次，改善用户体验显然仍然是重点。

Secondly, improve UX obviously still on the table.

改善用户体验是核心优先事项，可能会一直持续下去。

Like improving UX is is like a core priority that's gonna be there for for, you know, maybe forever essentially.

用户在这里的体验永远有提升空间，但这次基本上是延续去年的工作。

Like you can always improve the user experience for users here, but this is essentially doubling down on the work from last year.

这里没有重大变化或类似的东西。

There's no major kind of changes here or anything like that.

只是继续推进 2025 年取得的出色成果，并进一步巩固 L1。

Just continuing the great work that was done in 2025 and then hardening the l one.

这正是我之前提到的，以太坊基金会、以太坊研究者和核心开发者将‘巩固协议’作为一项全新重点，确保以太坊在所有转型过程中核心特性得以保留。

And this is what I was talking about before with regards to essentially this big new priority that's been put on, you know, hardening the protocol by the Ethereum Foundation, by Ethereum researchers and core developers, to essentially ensure the core properties of Ethereum are preserved through all of the transitions that's happening on Ethereum.

因为以太坊上正在发生很多转变，各位。

Because there are a lot of transitions happening on Ethereum guys.

就像你们知道的，我们有整个轻量级以太坊路线图。

Like, as you guys know, we have the whole lean Ethereum roadmap.

我们还有旧的ZKVM相关进展。

We have the old ZKVM stuff happening.

我们还有其间所有的其他升级。

We have all the other upgrades in between.

我之前暗示过，一个新的路线图即将发布。

I did tease that a new roadmap is coming.

我相信它还是会发布的。

I believe it's still coming.

只是还没公开，但我相信它很快就会发布，或者可能已经公开了，而我错过了。

It's just not public yet, but, I I believe it's coming very soon or maybe it's already public and I missed it.

我觉得我没错过，因为我已经告诉了参与制定它的人，让他们一上线就通知我，这样我就能分享了。

I I don't think I've missed it because I I told who's the people that are involved with putting it together to let me know when it's live so I can share it and everything like that.

但确实，这些都会陆续实现。

But yeah, that that's coming there.

但确实，强化 L1 是一个广泛进行的工程，和那些其他正在推进的广泛工作并行发生。

But yeah, hardening the l one is is just this broad thing that's happening, like alongside those other broad things that are happening there.

所以这些就是协议的优先事项。

So those are the protocol priorities.

我不会深入讨论每一个细节，因为你们已经都很熟悉这些内容了。

I'm not gonna spend too much going into each of those there because you guys already know about all of those.

所以去了解一下吧。

So check them out there.

但真正酷的是，Vitalik 真的转推了这个内容，并且对这三件事——扩展性、提升用户体验、以及强化协议——表达了自己的看法。

But what was really cool is that Vitalik actually quote tweeted, this and essentially, kind of gave his own opinions and own takes on these three things here, like the scale, improving UX, and and hardening the protocol here.

所以他说，2025 年我们提升了以太坊的气体上限。

So he says, you know, in 2025, we scaled Ethereum gas limit.

我们为 L2 提供了更多空间，因为我们实现了 PDAS 和这些仅含 Blob 参数的分叉。

You know, we we gave more breathing room to l twos because we delivered PDAS and we delivered these BPO forks, these blob parameter only forks.

但2026年将是去年所有准备工作真正取得成果的一年。

But 2026 is the year where all of last year's work, that was prepared last year really pays off.

他说，我们将获得区块级访问列表（BALs），它能实现对区块的并行验证。

And he says we will get block level access list or BALs, which allow paralyzed verification of blocks.

这将在阿姆斯特丹升级中实现，距离现在只有几个月了。

This is coming in Glamsterdams, so only a few months away there.

正如我之前提到的，EPBS让区块执行更安全，能占用插槽的更大比例，同时消除了围绕NEV激励管道的负面外部性，它也将于阿姆斯特丹升级中上线。

EPBS, as I mentioned before, makes it safer block execution to take a much larger portion of the slot and also removes negative externalities around, you know, around the NEV boost pipeline here, and that's going live in Glamsterdam as well.

气体重定价将提高底层操作的成本，从而在大幅提升气体上限的同时，避免遭受DoS攻击的风险，这项功能将在阿姆斯特丹升级中上线，并在后续的分叉中继续部署。

Gas repricings, which makes law operations more expensive, making it safe to greatly increase the gas limit without vulnerability to DoS attack, DoS risk going live in Glamsterdam, but also going live in subsequent forks after that as well.

所以今年将迎来巨大而重大的升级，这些改进基本上建立在2025年以及更早时期所完成的工作基础上。

So huge, huge upgrades coming this year, guys, that that work, that are basically, based on the work that was done in 2025 and also further back than that, guys.

正如我所说，Fossil从开始研发到上线，预计将历经四年甚至五年左右的时间。

As I said, like, Fossil's been in the works for by the time it goes live, it will have been four, five four years, let's say, you know, something like that.

所以，长期以来已经投入了大量惊人的工作。

So crazy amount of work that's that's been happening for a long time.

但以太坊真正酷的地方在于，我们可以真正相信这些功能一定会实现。

But what's really cool about Ethereum is that we can actually trust that this stuff's gonna be delivered.

以太坊对长期路线图并不陌生，它总是能兑现这些长期路线图和目标。

Like, Ethereum is no stranger to long term road maps, and it delivers on those long term road maps and long term goals.

它不会偏离这些目标。

Doesn't pivot away from them.

它不会改变这些目标。

Doesn't change it.

你可能知道，它的优先级可能会调整，但它从未改变真正关注的核心，这一点非常棒。

You know, it may change priorities, but it doesn't change what it's actually focused on, which is which is really great there.

所以，这是在扩展性方面的进展。

So that's on the scale front.

而在提升用户体验方面，Vatellite特别提到了账户抽象和Fossil。

And then on the Improve UX front, Vatellite specifically calls out account abstraction and Fossil as well.

这两个是Hagata版本重点推进的两大EIP，他也对此做了更详细的阐述，如果你想了解，可以自己去看看。

So these are the two major EIPs targeted for Hagata, and he also talked about this in more detail, which you can, have a look if yourself if you want.

我会在下面的YouTube描述中附上链接。

I'll link it in YouTube description below.

然后是协议的加固，这是一件大事，各位。

And then hardening the protocol, and this is a big this is a big thing, guys.

比如，这方面涉及的范围非常广，具体意味着什么值得深入探讨。

Like, this is there's a big scope here with regards to what this actually means.

他首先提到Fossil是为了增强以太坊的安全性。

So he first mentions Fossil as hardening, Ethereum.

这在抗敏感性方面起到了作用。

That's on the sensitive resistance side there.

但今年最重要的工作并不是那些炫目的EIP。

But beyond that, the most important work this year is not the glamorous EIPs.

而是那些繁琐细致的工作。

It's in the the gritty stuff.

所以是网络安全性测试，这是我们加固协议的另一种方式。

So network security testing, another way we're hardening the protocol here.

量子安全准备。

Post quantum readiness.

这还是我之前没提到的另一件事。

That's another thing that I didn't even mention before.

正如我所说，我们有了精简版以太坊。

As I said, we got lean Ethereum.

我们有了零知识虚拟机。

We got ZKVMs.

我们还成立了新的量子安全团队，推进量子安全准备。

We've got post quantum, readiness here with the new post quantum team.

对吧？

Right?

我们正在提升分析网络地理去中心化的能力。

We've got improving our ability to analyze the network's geographic decentralization.

感谢Epend ops团队，以及Kahaku在安全方面所做的各种工作，比如无信任RPC、社交恢复等。

Shout out to the Epend ops guys, and all the various work Kahaku is doing on the security side, like trustless RPCs, social recovery, and more.

当然，在这一切之上，我还未提到的是隐私方面的努力。

And then, of course, on top of all of this, another thing that I didn't mention was privacy work too.

在隐私领域，有很多事情正在发生。

A lot of stuff happening on the privacy side there.

所以，正如你所见，这里在许多不同方向上都有大量工作正在进行。

So, yeah, as you can see, a lot of work happening across many different tracks here.

据我所知，没有其他一层网络在尝试做任何类似的事情。

And as far as I know, no other l one is even trying to do anything close to this.

正如我一贯所说，以太坊是独特的。

As I've always said, Ethereum is special.

以太坊是独一无二的，我们不仅说得出，更做得到。

Ethereum is unique, and we talk the talk, guys.

我们的承诺是认真的。

Like we sorry.

我们真正地践行着这些理念。

We we we we walk the walk so so to speak.

我们不只是说说而已，说我们要做这个、要做那个。

We don't just say things and say we're gonna do it, we're gonna do this, we're gonna do that.

我们在这里真正兑现了我们的承诺。

We actually deliver on our promises here.

看到这一点真是太棒了。

So so great to see that there.

现在，Vitalik 发布的另一条推文提到，这件事其实已经暗中酝酿一段时间了。

Now, another Vitalik tweet that he kinda, put out here was that this has been, I think, like, brewing under the surface for a while.

人们可能大致了解，即将登陆以太坊的重大改进，比如轻量级以太坊、ZKVM 以及其他一些功能，都需要对以太坊网络本身进行相当重大的变革。

People had maybe a general understanding that the big things that are coming to Ethereum, like Lean Ethereum, like ZKVM, and a few other things are going to require some pretty substantial changes of the Ethereum network itself.

而且这些变革的规模很可能与我们当初实施合并时相当，甚至不亚于它。

And probably changes that are on the same level, if not similar to what we do with the merge.

现在有些人可能会想，这些改动可真不小啊。

Now some people may think, well, those are big changes.

我原以为我们不会再做如此重大的改变了。

Like, I didn't think we were gonna do something so big again.

而且，我想说，如果你这么想的话，某种程度上你是对的——就关注人数、影响范围以及正在发生的变革程度而言，我不认为维塔利克在这里提到的任何事情能与合并相提并论。

And, you know, I would say that you're right in a way if you think like that in that in terms of like the amount of eyeballs on this, in terms of like the impact this is gonna have, in terms of the the amount of change that's happening, I I don't necessarily think any of the things that Vitalik calls out here is akin to the merge.

我认为合并是那种一生只有一次的事件，但这并不意味着这些变化不会产生类似的影响。

I think the merge was like a once in a lifetime kind of thing, but that doesn't mean that these things aren't gonna have similar levels of of impact.

只是可能不会像合并那样引起如此大的轰动，因为合并确实有太多原因让它获得了如此多的关注。

It's just probably not gonna have the same fanfare that the merge did because the merge, I mean, there's so many reasons why it had so much fanfare around it.

对吧？

Right?

但不管怎样，这些都是维塔利克提到的四件事。

But regardless of that, these are the four things that, Vitalik calls out.

状态树，也就是改变并管理，或者说根本性地改变以太坊处理状态的方式，以便更高效地管理它。

State tree, so changing the and and managing or or basically changing the way Ethereum handles state in order to manage it, much more efficiently.

轻量级共识，也就是整个轻量级以太坊路线图，我相信你到现在已经听过很多了。

Lean consensus, which is the whole lean Ethereum roadmap, which I'm sure you've heard a lot about at this point.

贾斯汀·德雷克正在领导这项工作。

Justin Drake is leading that effort.

他一直在积极谈论这个。

He is very active talking about that.

ZK EVM 验证，这同样是一个已经讨论很久的话题。

ZK EVM verification, again, something that has been talked about for a while now.

我相信你们都对这个非常了解，还有虚拟机的变更。

I'm sure you're all very aware of that, and a VM change.

但这一点，我认为比其他三项进展得没那么快。

Now this is something that I think is not as far along as the other three.

不过，所有这些，这四项都需要对网络进行相当重大的变更。

But again, all of these things, all four of these things do require a pretty substantial change to the network.

那么，这里会存在风险吗？

Now, is there gonna be risk involved here?

是的。

Yeah.

当然。

Sure.

任何事情都伴随着风险，但以太坊是否有过成功交付重大升级的悠久历史呢？

There's always risk involved with everything, but does Ethereum have a long history of delivering big upgrades?

是的，它有过。

Yes, it does.

作为以太坊生态系统的一员、ETH投资者或关注者，你能否有信心相信以太坊会切实兑现这些承诺，以真正成功的方式实现它们，并对网络乃至世界产生切实的影响？

And, you know, will can you have confidence as a as a as a as a person involved with the Ethereum ecosystem, as an ETH investor, as someone following along that Ethereum is going to deliver on these things and is going to deliver on them in a in a real way, in a successful way, and have these things actually make meaningful impact on the network as well as the world.

我认为，是的。

And I think, yes.

我认为答案是肯定的。

I think the answer is yes.

在2019年，你可能会觉得，哦，以太坊根本不会推出权益证明，因为当时就连以太坊内部的专家也对权益证明何时上线充满疑问。

You could be forgiven in 2019 for thinking, oh, yeah, Ethereum is never delivering proof of stake because at the time, there was a lot of open questions with even the people in the weeds of Ethereum being like, when's proof of stake gonna come?

但也许，我想说的是，那大概是2018年。

But then, maybe maybe I I would say this is like 2018.

但到了2019年，事情就开始逐渐明朗了。

And but then in 2019, you know, things started taking shape.

到了2020年，如果你还认为以太坊不会推出权益证明，那你就是个傻瓜，因为当时已经有大量证据表明它一定会实现，而事实也确实在2020年12月上线了。

2020, by that point, if you thought that Ethereum wasn't you're gonna launch proof of stake, then you were an idiot because there was so much evidence showing that it was going to, and then, of course, it went live December 2020.

然后，大家都知道，焦点转向了合并，人们又说：‘合并永远不会发生。’

And then the, you people know, shifted to the merge and they said, oh, the merge is never gonna happen.

你知道，这纯粹就是一场跑路骗局。

You know, this is just all a rug pull.

但合并最终还是发生了。

And then the merge happened.

接着，这些恐慌又转向了质押提取，有人说‘质押提取永远不会实现’，这简直是我听过的最荒谬的恐慌言论。

Then this stuff, the FUD shifted too well, you know, staking withdrawal is never gonna happen, which is the dumbest FUD I've ever heard.

但它们确实实现了，就在2023年。

And then they did happen, right, in 2023.

所以，所有人们说不可能发生、太不切实际、太复杂的事情——比如有人把合并比作在空中更换喷气式发动机的引擎——也许确实如此，但我们还是做到了。

So everything that people said wasn't gonna happen or was too farfetched, it was too complicated, you know, people said that the merge was like changing a jet engine midair, and maybe it was, but we did it.

这不正是重点吗？

That's the point, isn't it?

我们做到了，而且做得非常成功，成果极其显著。

We did it, and we did it successfully and it was so successful.

我清楚地记得直播中核心开发者和研究人员的表情。

I remember distinctly remember the looks of the core developers and researchers on the livestream.

他们全都一脸紧张，以为会出问题，结果没出问题时，他们震惊了。

They all looked and they were expecting something to go wrong and when it didn't go wrong, they were shocked.

他们真的非常震惊。

They were genuinely shocked.

他们简直不敢相信：我们是怎么做到的？

They were like, how did we just do this?

是的，也许有些人看到这种情况会觉得害怕，觉得这些家伙应该对自己的工作更有信心，但这不是重点。

And yeah, maybe that's scary to some people to see being like, well, these guys, you know, they may they should be more confident in their in their work, but it's not about that.

一旦你了解了事情的内幕，明白有多少环节可能出错，理解了潜在的风险有多高，你自然会担心。

Once you see how the sausage is made, once you see how many things can go wrong, once you understand how many things can go wrong, then you obviously worry.

你会担心，因为如果出了问题，修复它的责任在你身上；如果你写的代码导致了问题，你也会感到内疚，对吧？

And you worry because it's your responsibility to fix it if something goes wrong and if something that you coded up resulted in something going wrong, you would feel bad too, right?

归根结底，我们都是普通人。

We're all human at the end of the day.

但这次并没有出错。

But it didn't go wrong.

我们做得很好，自那以后我们已经完成了许多次升级，一切都很顺利。

We we did it fine and we've done many upgrades since then and it's been fine.

所以我并不期待这些其他升级会出什么问题。

So I don't really expect anything to go wrong with these other upgrades.

我期待我们能顺利完成它们。

I expect us to deliver them.

我期待我们能低调地交付它们，老实说，但这些升级累积起来将推动以太坊的广泛采用，让以太坊深度融入更广泛的生态系统。

I expect us to, to deliver them to little fanfare to be honest, but they're all gonna add up to a lot of adoption of Ethereum, a lot of Ethereum being integrated into the wider ecosystem.

而所谓的生态系统，其实就是整个世界。

And I guess like ecosystem being like the world.

我认为，如果加密货币再次进入长期熊市——就像所有人都预测的那样，而且我们陷入比以往更漫长的熊市时——

And I do think that, you know, if crypto goes into a long bear market again, like everyone thinks it's going to and we go into like an even longer bear market than the last ones.

对吧？

Right?

你们知道我对四年周期的看法，但你知道，如果真的像互联网泡沫之后那样进入一个超长周期——我觉得这不会发生，但如果真发生了，我认为押注任何生态系统的话，以太坊都会是那个最终脱颖而出的。

You guys know my opinion on the four year cycle, but, you know, if it goes into a really long one like what happened after the dot com boom, which I don't think is gonna happen, but if it does, I I mean, I think if you were to bet on any ecosystem would be Ethereum to come out of that.

在我看来，其他那些生态系统根本不可能从这种周期中挺过来。

Like, of the other ones in my eyes would come out of that at all.

而且根本没有什么能像以太坊那样。

And and nothing like Ethereum anyway at least anyway.

也许会有一些中心化的项目冒出来，但那是因为它们是中心化的，如此这般。

It maybe there's some centralized stuff that comes out of it because that's but that's because it's centralized, so on and so forth.

所以是的。

So yeah.

总之，我刚才已经讲过这些了。

Anyway, I covered all that there.

还有几件关于协议相关的事情需要聊聊。

Couple of other things to get through with regards to protocol related stuff.

所以本·埃丁顿，他其实一直是以太坊的资深人士。

So Ben Edgington, actually, he's been a long time Ethereum guy.

我在《Refuel》上多次提到过他。

I've talked about him a lot on the refuel.

他以前是核心开发者，很久以前的事了。

He used to be a core developer, you know, a while ago.

在信标链、权益证明以太坊、合并等所有这些关键阶段，他都深度参与其中。

He was very close, during the delivery of like the beacon chain, proof of stake Ethereum, the merge, all that sorts of stuff.

他写过一本关于ETH 2的书。

He, is an author of a book about ETH 2.

他仍然称它为ETH 2，我觉得这挺有趣的，但话说回来，本，你开心就好。

He still calls it ETH 2, which I find which I find pretty funny, but like, hey, more power to you, Ben.

但他最近重新回归了核心开发工作。

But he recently rejoined, core development.

现在他在以太坊基金会工作，负责以太坊的快速最终性项目。

So he is working at the Ethereum Foundation now, and he is in charge of Fast Finality on Ethereum.

这是一个重要的升级。

This is another big upgrade.

这是社区非常期待的一项功能。

This is something that is really wanted in the community.

我觉得，除了Fossil以及其他一些非常酷的升级，比如Lean Lean Ethereum、ZKBM之类的，Fast Finality几乎和更短的出块时间一样，是大家最希望在以太坊中看到的功能。

Like, I would say that besides Fossil and besides some of the other kind of, really cool upgrades that we've got coming, like Lean Lean Ethereum, ZKBM, stuff like that, I would say Fast Finality is like pretty much at the top of everyone's list of what they want in Ethereum as well as quicker slots.

这些功能通常是相辅相成的，因为严格来说，更快的最终性并不需要更快的出块时间，但它们确实存在关联。

And these kind these things kinda go hand in hand because like I mean, you don't need faster slots for faster finality, but like they are kind of this they're not okay.

也许我说它们是一回事是错的，但它们确实有关联。

Maybe I'm wrong in saying they're the same thing, but they are related.

这正是我想要找的答案。

That's what that's what I was looking for.

它们有关联，因为最终性是在一定数量的插槽和周期之后达成的。

They are related because finality happens after a certain number of slots and epochs.

所以，如果你有更快的插槽，理论上就能实现更快的最终性。

So if you have faster slots, in theory, you could have faster finality.

对吧？

Right?

理论上是这样。

In theory.

我们的目标是尽可能实现我们所能达到的最快最终性。

And and, you know, the goal is to have as fast finality as we we want, as we can get.

现在这项工作由本负责。

And that's what Ben is in charge of now.

他前几天发了一条推文，说如果你是这些实体中的一员——比如基础设施提供商、L2桥接、中断协议、提供流动性或协议另一侧的参与者——可以私信他安排通话。

So he put a tweet out the other day that people can DM him to set up a call if you are, you know, part of these, entities here, like whether you're an infrastructure provider, like an l two bridges, interrupt protocols, provide liquidity part of the other protocol side.

他们想听听你的意见。

They wanna hear from you.

他们想了解，哪些权衡是可以接受的。

They wanna hear like, you know, which trade offs would be okay.

这对你会产生什么影响？

Like, what's the impact is gonna be on you?

你有多想要这个东西？

How badly do you want this thing?

他们现在只是在做这种探索性工作，但最终都会朝着快速最终性和更短的出块间隔发展。

So they're just doing this ex this, exploratory work right now, but it's all going to end end up with fast finality and then faster slots as well.

我之前在上一期提过更短的出块间隔。

I I mentioned faster slots, I think, the last episode.

现在正大力推动为以太坊搭建一套出色的基础设施，以支持更短的出块间隔。

There's a real push to get some really cool, scaffolding in place leased by for faster slots on Ethereum.

把出块时间尽可能缩短是我们的目标。

And getting slot times down as low as we can is the goal.

正如我之前说过的，我认为我们不太可能低于四秒，至少很长一段时间内不会。

As I've said before, I don't think that we're gonna get below four seconds, probably not for a long time.

我觉得我们或许能达到十秒。

Like, I would say that we maybe could get to 10.

对于还不了解的人，目前以太坊的出块间隔是十二秒。

So for those of you who don't know, slot times on Ethereum is twelve seconds right now.

也许在Hagotar中，作为Carl Beak正在处理的一部分工作，我们能将时间降到10秒。

Maybe we could get to 10 in Hagotar delivered as part of the stuff that Carl Beak is working on.

我上上周的节目里已经讲过这个了。

I covered that last week on last week last week's episode.

所以也许我们能先降到10秒，然后是8秒、6秒，最后到4秒，但我认为我之前已经解释过这一点了。

So maybe we could get to 10, and then eight and then six and then four, but I think I've explained explained this before.

这并不在于具体的时间数值，而在于相对于当前水平的降低幅度。

It's not about like the time, it's about the reduction from where it is today.

所以如果你从12秒降到6秒，那就是50%的减少；而从6秒降到3秒，又是另一个50%的减少。

So if you were to go from twelve to six, that's a 50% reduction, And then six to three is another 50% reduction.

现在这些数字看起来更接近了，似乎变化没那么大，但实际上仍然是50%的降幅。

Now the numbers seem closer to each other, so it doesn't seem like a big of a change, but it is because it's still 50%.

这就是为什么他们想慢慢推进，因为他们关注的不是秒数本身，而是百分比变化，因为你必须始终考虑这对网络会产生怎样的影响。

So that's why they wanna do it slowly is because they're not looking at the numbers, the, you know, the seconds, they're looking at the the percent change because you always have to take into account what impact this is gonna have on the network.

所以是的。

So yeah.

快速最终性也是同样的情况，那里的工作也是类似的，但这一切都在推进中。

And and same with Fast Finality and doing that is the same kind of stuff there, but that's all moving.

你知道，所有事情都在进行中，这里正在发生很多事，这真的非常棒。

You know, everything's in motion, everything's happening here, which is really, really great to see there.

好的。

Alright.

只是想简单致意一下。

Just wanted to give a quick shout out.

我其实不知道以太坊基金会协议支持团队有Twitter账号。

I actually didn't know that the EF protocol support team had a Twitter account.

我想是因为他们直到2026年1月才加入，但如果你还没关注这个账号，请去关注一下。

I think it's because they only joined in January 2026, but if you're not following this account, please follow it.

这是一个了解最新动态的绝佳资源。

It is an awesome resource to follow along with things.

他们实际上是Forecast背后的团队。

They're actually the team behind forecast.

所以，我每次提到的这个Forecast网站，刚刚升级了新版本。

So the forecast website that I gush over every time I talk about it, which got a new upgrade.

实际上，你可以在这里看到每次升级的各个阶段，这真的很酷。

Actually, you can see here what what, the the stages of each upgrade, which is really cool.

不过，他们就是背后开发这个的团队。

But yeah, they're behind this.

他们还主导了以太坊生态系统中许多其他正在发生的事情。

They're behind a bunch of other things happening within the Ethereum ecosystem.

所以，如果你想跟进他们的更新，可以关注——哦，抱歉。

So if you wanna follow along with their updates, you can join oh, sorry.

你可以在这里关注他们的Twitter账号。

You can follow their Twitter account here.

我会在下面的YouTube描述中附上链接，方便你关注。

I'll link in the YouTube description below for you to do so there.

好的。

Alright.

最后一站。

Last stop.

所以L2领域有点戏剧性，但我认为这是人为制造的 drama，因为我实在没看出人们为什么会对这件事抱怨。

So a little bit of drama in l two land, and I think this is manufactured drama because I didn't really see the reason why people were were kind of complaining about this.

但本质上，Coinbase 针对他们的 Base L2 链发布了一次重大更新。

But essentially, there was a big update out of Coinbase with regards to their base l two chain here.

简而言之，他们正在放弃 OP Stack，转而分叉 OP Stack 并完全自主掌控整个堆栈。

So essentially the, I guess, TLDR is that they are moving away from OP stack and essentially forking the OP stack and just taking control of the entire stack, on their own.

因此，他们不再需要向 Optimism 支付费用来使用 OP Stack。

So they're no longer gonna be paying the optimism, Dow to use the OP stack.

他们也不再属于 OP 生态系统的一部分。

They're no longer gonna be part of the OP kind of ecosystem.

他们将独立发展，走自己的路。

They're going out on their own, and doing their own thing.

我理解他们这样做的原因，因为他们想掌控整个堆栈，而且他们也有足够的实力做到这一点。

Now I understand why they're doing this because they wanna control the whole stack and they're big enough to do this as well.

他们可不是那种依赖乐观主义的善意和恩惠才能生存和发展的小型二层网络。

Like, they're not some small l two that relies on the goodwill and the graces of optimism to exist and to thrive.

他们完全可以自己做自己的事。

They can just do their own thing based.

他们根本不需要真的和乐观主义合作。

Like they don't need to actually work with optimism.

他们拿了OP的资助，然后从OP的DAO和OP代币中获得了大量资金，现在却这么做，这难道不有点过分吗？

Is it a bit shitty that they took an OP grant and then, you know, got a lot of money from the, the OP kind of a DAO and the OP tokens and and now doing this.

是的。

Yes.

但这就是商业。

But I mean, that's business.

在这种情况下，我也不知道还能说什么了。

Like, I don't know what else to say at that point.

这就是商业，你知道的，他们掌控着自己的业务。

That's business is the the you know, they are in control of of that that business.

他们做自己认为对业务有利的事。

They do what they think is right for their business.

但除此之外，也就是争议的来源，他们还为Base的未来制定了一系列优先事项。

But outside of that, and that's where the drama kinda stemmed from, but outside of that, they also put together a bunch of, priorities for base going forward.

他们目标是每年进行六次硬分叉。

So they're targeting six hard forks per year.

他们目标是每秒处理一吉加的气体量。

They're targeting one giga gas a second.

他们追求极致的可靠性，目标是99.99%的非空区块，以及通过更简洁的设计实现可预测的低手续费，即一个尽可能简单的规范，便于排序和构建。

They're targeting extreme reliability, so 99.99% non empty blocks and predictable low fees with a simpler design, so a maximally simple spec that's easier to order and build on.

所以我认为这就是他们掌握自己命运的原因，因为我并不想等待OP栈更新或升级来实现这些。

So I think that's why they took control of their own destiny here because I don't wanna wait for the OP stack to be updated or upgraded to do this.

他们只想完全靠自己来做，而且他们很可能相信自己能够独立完成这一切。

They just wanna do it all on their own, and they're probably confident they can do it all on their own.

所以我完全理解这一点。

So I totally get that.

我完全理解这一点。

I totally understand that.

那么，除了OP相关的问题外，为什么这件事会引起这么多争议呢？

So why was there so much drama around this other than the OP stuff?

我认为另一件重要的事是，长期以来，人们一直说，当一个L2变得足够大时，它就会分叉并成为自己的L1。

And I think another big thing was that for a long time people have said, well, when an l two gets big enough, they'll just branch off and become their own l one.

我一直觉得这个观点很荒谬，现在我还是觉得这个观点完全站不住脚。

And I always thought that argument was dumb and I still think that argument is done dumb.

我觉得作为L2能获得这么多好处，成为L1对我来说根本毫无意义。

I think you get so much from being an l two that becoming an l one doesn't doesn't make any sense to me.

我要澄清的是，Base仍然是一个L2，他们也明确表示没有计划脱离L2的身份。

The only I get and and to be clear here, base is still an l two and they've said that they're not they have no plans to not be an l two.

但我想，唯一让我觉得有点道理、能作为L2转L1的反方论点是：有人会说，如果这些系统本来就是中心化的，可以控制链上的行为、进行审查、做任何他们想做的事，而监管又要求他们必须这么做，那么作为L2真的对他们更有利吗？还是说，干脆做一个权威证明链更好？

But like the only, I guess, argument that I've seen that kinda resonates with me and kind of is a good devil's advocate for l twos becoming l ones, and I wouldn't even call what, you know, this is as an l one, is that some people will argue, well, if these things are centralized anyway and they can control what happens on the chain, they can censor, they can do whatever, and regulations basically say that they have to do this, then is being an l two actually, like, beneficial to them versus being like a proof of authority chain?

对我来说，权威证明链根本算不上区块链。

Now a proof of authority chain to me is actually not a blockchain at all.

我想，对于那些不了解的人，权益证明链本质上是由一群联合行为者组成的链，数量很少，通常少于十个，甚至少于五个，它们共同充当所谓的验证者，处理交易，维持网络运行，对吧？

I I think, you know, for those of you who don't know, proof of authority chain is essentially a chain that has a bunch of federated kinda actors, like a small number, like less than 10, usually less than five, that all just act as quote unquote validators and process transactions, right, and and keep the network running sort of thing.

对我来说，这根本不是一条区块链。

Again, that to me is not an a blockchain.

在我看来，这只是一个联合数据库。

That to me is a federated database.

但人们会提出这样的论点：如果一个二层网络受到多签机制等中心化控制，那它难道不也是一样的吗？

But then people will make the argument that well, an l two isn't decentralized at all, if it has centralized kind of a control over it like a multisig, then isn't that the same thing?

说实话，我某种程度上能理解这个观点，但我认为这并不相同。

And look, I kind of sympathize with that argument to an extent, but I don't think it's the same thing.

我认为这里存在一些区别，对吧？

I think there's differences between that here, right?

如果你有一个完全中心化的权威证明链，那么它的中心化程度是百分之百的。

If you have a POA chain that's totally centralized, then they're centralized like a 100%.

但如果你有一个二层网络，比如设有安全委员会，仅在修复关键安全漏洞时才会被激活，那这就和权威证明链完全不同了。

But if you have an l two with a security council for example, that that only gets invoked in order to, fix critical security bugs, then that is very different to a POA chain.