抗衰老专家：逆转白发，提升精力！

这跟癌症有关系吗？

Is this linked to cancer at all?

因为听起来，说实话，我对癌症了解不多。

Because it sounds I mean, I don't know much about cancer.

是的。

Yeah.

细胞无序地、似乎随机地分裂。

But cells dividing out of control seemingly randomly.

对。

Yeah.

我觉得可能性很大，只要看看癌症的生物学机制，也就是科学家说的癌症十大特征，就能明白。

I think that there's a very good chance, if you look at the biology of cancer and what scientists call the hallmarks of cancer, there's like a 10 item flywheel of these are the core features of cancer.

这些特征全都跟能量代谢异常直接相关。

All of those features have some relationship, some very direct with increased energy resistance.

如果能量无法顺畅流动，细胞消耗太多能量却不能通过线粒体正常释放，这正是癌细胞的做法——它们抛弃线粒体，退化回祖先那种没有线粒体的厌氧细胞，靠发酵产生乳酸。

So if energy can't flow smoothly and a cell is burning too much energy and it doesn't flow energy through the mitochondria, which is what cancer cells do, cancer cells ditch their mitochondria and they revert back to this ancestral cell that didn't have mitochondria, it was anaerobic, it was pitting out lactate.

我们其实还不清楚细胞为什么会这样，这叫沃伯格效应。

And we don't really know why cells do this, it's called the Warburg Effect.

沃伯格效应就是，细胞明明在有氧气的环境下，完全可以利用氧气，通过线粒体产生能量，像身体里其他细胞那样和谐共处。

And the Warburg Effect is when a cell in the presence of oxygen, right, if it wanted, it could use oxygen, flow electrons through mitochondria and transform energy and live a nice social life, like every cell in this social collective does in the body.

但癌细胞偏偏说：我就不使用我的线粒体，哪怕有氧气，哪怕我的线粒体完全能正常工作。

What cancer cells do is they say, I'm not going to use my mitochondria, even if there's oxygen, even if my mitochondria can respire.

这么做看起来就像是癌细胞退化回了那种只顾自己的原始细胞。

And by doing this, it seems like cancer cells revert back to this ancestral cell, right, that that just cares about itself.

那种自私的细胞。

The antisocial cell.

是的。

Yeah.

然后肿瘤就会想办法在周围催生更多血管。

Then the the the organism will the tumor will try to make more blood vessels around it.

对吧？

Right?

这叫血管生成。

It's called angiogenesis.

所以癌细胞这么做，像是想降低能量消耗的阻力。

So it's like the the cancer cell trying to decrease energy resistance.

它在说：给我更多氧气。

It says, bring me more oxygen.

这就像是突然出现了一个外星人，决定不再配合身体其他部分，变得自私，不断索取更多资源。

So it's kind of like there's a sort of alien all of a sudden that decides it no longer wants to work with the rest of the organism, and that it's gonna be selfish and demand more and more resources for itself.

对。

Mhmm.

而且它还在不断分裂。

And it multiplies Mhmm.

自己分裂，是的。

Itself Yeah.

还带着一群同样自私的小外星人。

With equally selfish little aliens.

对。

Yep.

然后身体就会回应，听从它并提供更多的资源。

And then the body responds by listening to it and giving it more resources.

你是这个意思吗？

Is that what you're saying?

为什么血管会围绕着癌细胞生长？

Why do the blood vessels surround the cancer?

是的。

Yeah.

就像是癌细胞在求援，想要更多的能量。

It's like it's the cancer calling for, you know, more energy.

明白了。

Okay.

对。

Yeah.

能量抵抗是由两个因素决定的，一个是能量的需求量。

So energy resistance is the product of two things, is how much energy is being demanded.

对吧？

Right?

比如肿瘤里，或者活跃的肌肉中，到底消耗了多少能量。

Like, how much power is being deployed in in the in the tumor, for example, or in the working muscle.

另一个是系统能输送多少能量。

And then how much energy is can flow through the system.

这就相当于电路里的电流。

That's like the equivalent of current in an electrical system.

如果需求很大，比如癌细胞活动剧烈，产生的能量很多，但输送跟不上，阻力就会增加。

So if there's a lot of demand, right, a lot of power is being generated or a lot of activity is happening like in a cancer cell, but there's not enough flow to to to support that activity, then that increases resistance.

那有没有人知道这类癌症是怎么形成的？

So is there any understanding as to how those kind of cancers are caused?

就是你说的瓦尔堡效应，到底是什么导致了那个关键节点？

Like, what what causes that moment where, you know, you talked about the Warburg Effect?

是什么导致了这种情况？

What causes that?

过去，癌症研究界普遍认为，癌症的主要原因是基因突变。

The cancer community used to think that the main driver for cancer was genetic mutations.

但现在有一种新兴的观点认为，代谢的变化、电子在线粒体这一能量回路中的流动方式，实际上可以促使新的癌细胞产生。

But there's an emerging perspective that changes in metabolism, changes in the way electrons flow through through this energetic circuitry through the mitochondria can actually drive the instance of a of a new cancer cell.

一旦细胞癌变，就会抛弃自己的线粒体，回到这种自私的状态，然后疯狂复制自身。

And then when a cell becomes cancerous, ditches its my its mitochondria, it goes back to this selfish state, then it makes more of itself.

而且它会尽量避免死亡。

And it tries not to die.

你能解释一下这部分吗？我之前读到过，癌细胞会想办法逃避死亡。

Explain that part to me because I was reading about how cancer cells try and evade death.

没错。

Yeah.

我觉得最好的理解方式，是把这看作一个社会群体。

The best way to think about this, I think, is as a social collective.

这个生物体里的每个细胞，关心的都是同一件事——维持整个机体的生命与健康。

Every cell in this organism cares about the same thing, which is preserving the life and the health of the whole being.

所以，身体里的每个细胞都和其他细胞订了一份社会契约。

So every cell in this body is in a social contract with every other cell.

癌细胞却打破了这个约定，说：不行，我只管自己。

A cancer cell basically gets out of this agreement and says, No, no, no, I'm going to fare for myself.

我要抢走所有能拿到的能量，然后拼命复制自己。

I'm going to take all the energy I can, and I'm gonna make more of myself.

它就进入了细菌般的模式。

And it goes into bacterial mode.

这种情况有时是基因突变引起的。

That happens sometimes because of mutations.

但看起来，还有其他原因会导致这种现象。

And it seems like there are other causes of this.

比如高血糖。

Like for example, hyperglycemia.

那是什么？

What's that?

高血糖。

High blood glucose.

对啊。

Mhmm.

没错吧？

Right?

糖尿病是诱发癌症的主要风险因素。

Diabetes is a major risk factor for developing cancer.

为什么会这样？

Why is that?

目前从分子机制和基因突变的角度来看，还没有令人信服的解释。

I don't think there there are good explanations out there based on, like, the molecular framework of disease and the genetic mutation perspective.

如果你从能量的角度来看癌症，很可能是血糖升高增加了细胞的压力。

If you look at cancer from an energetic perspective, and it's, I think, likely that the increase in blood glucose increases the pressure.

对吧？

Right?

会有更多的电子被推向这些细胞，推向线粒体。

There's more electrons that are being pushed onto those cells, to those mitochondria.

当你把过多的能量压进一个不需要这么多能量的系统时，就像硬要把大量水灌进一根特别细的管子。

And when you push too much energy on a system that doesn't need energy, it's like you're trying to shove, you know, a lot of of water through a very small pipe.

出问题了。

Something goes wrong.

是的。

Yeah.

出问题了。

Something goes wrong.

可能会出故障。

Something can break.

所以，如果你把大量能量强行注入一个容量很小的容器，或者一个无法承受这种流量的通道，从物理上讲，就会导致流动阻力增大，细胞因此可能试图自我保护。

So the resistance is if you push a lot of energy into a very small container or into a channel that can support that, then what happens kind of physically is an increase in in the resistance to the flow, and then that can lead to the cell trying to protect itself.

这就是糖尿病中胰岛素抵抗的原理。

That's what insulin resistance is in diabetes.

对吧？

Right?

胰岛素抵抗其实是一种保护机制。

Insulin resistance is a protection mechanism.

细胞被注入了过多的葡萄糖，导致能量过剩，损害线粒体，产生过多热量、活性氧和氧化应激，这就是抵抗的由来。

There's too much glucose being pushed onto the cell, and so that causes this excess energy coming in the cells as, oh, too much, and it damages the mitochondria, this excess resistance, because there's too much heat produced, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress.

我一直在想吸烟的事，它也会致癌。

I was thinking about smoking and how smoking also is carcinogenic, and it's cancer causing.

没错。

Yep.

从线粒体的角度来看，吸烟是怎么导致癌症的呢？

And through the lens of the mitochondria, how could something like smoking be cancer causing?

是的。

Yeah.

香烟烟雾里确实含有致癌物质。

It's clear that in cigarette smoke, there are carcinogens.

有些分子会损伤基因，引发突变。

There are molecules that can damage the genome and cause mutations.

肺癌和吸烟的关系很明确，但其他癌症与接触烟雾之间的联系就没那么清晰了。

It there's a strong link between lung cancer and smoking, but for all of the other cancers, there's much less of a clear connection between exposure and cancer.

对吧？

Right?

那些最致命的癌症，我们其实还不清楚它们为什么出现、什么时候出现，但显然背后有个长期积累的过程。

The cancers that that affect and and kill most people, we don't really know, why they come, when they come, and it's clear that there's kind of a long history.

代谢与癌症关联的研究表明，肥胖、高血糖和糖尿病——尤其是导致血糖剧烈波动的情况——都会对细胞造成伤害。

And the science behind connecting metabolism and cancer shows that obesity and high blood glucose and diabetes, especially which causes very high excursion, very high spikes in blood glucose, those things are damaging to our cells.

能量抵抗原理认为，生物体处理能量的方式是通过阻力来衡量的，它会做这样的计算。

And what the energy resistance principle says is that biology processes energy in terms of resistance, and it makes that kind of computation.

现在有多少能量在流动？我的能量需求是多少？我又承受了多大的能量压力？

How much energy is flowing now, and then how much energy demand and how much energy pressure am I exposed to?

如果出现失衡，就会造成损伤。

And if there's an imbalance, then that causes damage.

线粒体并不是无辜的旁观者，而是被癌细胞所利用。

Rather than being innocent bystanders, mitochondria are hijacked by cancer.

肿瘤会重新编程线粒体，让它们不再作为身体的保护性能量工厂，转而变成生产更多癌细胞的工厂。

The tumor reprograms them to stop acting like the body's protective energy factories and starts using them as a manufacturing plant to build more cancer cells.

因此，针对线粒体代谢的干预，已成为开发新型癌症疗法的重要前沿方向。

Because of this, targeting mitochondrial metabolism has become a major promising frontier in developing new cancer therapies.

对的。

Mhmm.

它操控线粒体，利用它们来制造更多的癌细胞。

It hijacks the the mitochondria and uses them to produce more cancer cells.

对的。

Mhmm.

正常细胞的行为是由线粒体所驱动的。

So a normal cell is driven its behavior, it's driven by the mitochondria.

线粒体就像是在掌控方向盘。

It's like mitochondria are in the driver's seat.

线粒体基本上能说了算。

Mitochondria can basically call the shots.

细胞的存在是为了生存和分裂吗？

Is the cell to live and divide?

对吧？

Right?

还是说细胞是为了收缩，保持原来的状态？

Or is the cell to contract and remain this kind of cell?

如果是干细胞，它该分裂，还是继续当干细胞？

Or if it's a stem cell, is it to divide or remain a stem cell?

还是说它该死亡？

Or is it to die?

对吧？

Right?

细胞必须时刻做出这些决定。

And cells have to make these decisions all the time.

为了整体利益，细胞自杀在我们体内天天都在发生。

And cell suicide for the greater good is something that happens all the time in our bodies.

这正是我们能清除大多数癌细胞的原因和方式。

And that's why and how we get rid of most cancer cells.

据我们所知，当某个细胞脱离了群体的协作，身体就会判断：这个细胞不再属于我们了，得把它清除掉，不然它可能变成癌细胞。

As far as we understand, you have a cell that kind of defects from the social collective, and then the organism has the wisdom to say, okay, this is no longer ours, let's get rid of because it could become cancer.

大多数时候，这套机制都运作得很好。

And most of the time that works well.

但癌细胞会想办法甩掉线粒体，然后把它们拿来为自己生长服务。

But what cancer cells can do is say, okay, they ditch their mitochondria, and then they start to use them for their own growth.

通过抛弃线粒体，它们就把自己免疫了，不再受线粒体引发的细胞死亡威胁。

And by ditching their mitochondria, they basically immunize themselves against the death that mitochondria could could trigger.

线粒体掌握着细胞生死的否决权，而癌细胞 somehow 就能逃过这一关。

So mitochondria have a veto on cell life or death, and cancer somehow is able to kind of get away from that.

这想法挺奇怪的，因为导致癌症或者和癌症有关的因素，就像你刚才说的，比如摄入太多这种东西——太多糖。

And it's it's weird to think about because, yeah, the things that are cause cancer or that have a correlation to cancer are things like, you know, as you said, like, having too much of this stuff here, too much sugar.

那种白色的东西。

The white stuff.

对。

Yes.

血糖水平过高之类的，确实和癌症有关。

High blood glucose levels, etcetera, are linked to cancer.

人们可能会纳闷，为啥吃太多糖会增加得癌症的风险？

And one would wonder why eating sugar in excess is gonna increase my probability of cancer.

但很明显，这说明糖一定在影响你的能量系统，导致某个地方出了问题。

But obviously, points to the fact that it must be doing something to my energy systems, which are causing some kind of malfunction somewhere.

没错。

Yep.

能量抵抗这个原理，帮我们理解了为什么会这样，以及背后真正发生了什么。

And what the energy resistance principle allows us to understand is why that is and what's really happening.

如果你给身体输入过多能量，身体就得想办法处理。

If you overload your body with excess energy, the body has to deal with this.

就像电路系统，如果电压突然飙升，而系统又扛不住，电阻就会暴增，晶体管开始融化，最后整个系统就坏了。

And in a simple electrical system circuit, if you jacked up the voltage and the system is too weak to take this, then resistance goes through the roof, the transistors start to melt, and then the system, you know, it gets gets damaged.

身体里也是同样的道理。

The the same thing happens, you know, in the body.

当你给系统塞进太多能量，太多电子的时候。

If you overload the system with too much energy, too many electrons.

对吧？

Right?

这跟电路的情况简直一模一样。

Very direct parallel with the electrical circuit.

这些葡萄糖分子上卡着不少电子。

There are electrons stuck here on these little glucose molecules.

你吃下这些东西，身体里的‘电压’就跟着升高了。

If you ingest this, now it increases the voltage in the body.

如果线粒体跟不上，因为你久坐不动，能量无法顺畅流动，就会导致阻力增加。

And then if the mitochondria can't keep up and because they're they're not flowing energy because you're sedentary, you're you're not moving, then that increases the resistance.

然后呢，

And then And

它们可能会死亡或者功能失调。

they might die or malfunction.

没错。

Correct.

或者身体组织会受损。

Or things get damaged.

对吧？

Right?

这里的关键是：能量过多，导致代谢阻力上升，原本在食物和线粒体之间顺畅流动的电子，整个通路就变得越来越阻塞。

The clear connection here is too much energy, increased energy resistance, so then the electrons that normally flow smoothly in your metabolism, right, from the food to your mitochondria, then that whole circuit becomes more resistive.

如果你是一个电子，正沿着代谢路径寻找氧气和线粒体，但每经过一个环节都遇到阻力，电子就更容易脱离轨道，进而引发氧化应激。

And if you're an electron and you're trying to go through the the metabolic pathways looking for oxygen and a mitochondrion, But then at every at every point in this cascade that you face resistance, there is more chance that that electron kind of jets out and and then becomes oxidative stress.

那衰老到底是怎么回事呢？

Well, then what's what's going on with aging?

我面前有两位女士，她们的头发颜色不一样。

I've got two women in front of me, and they have two different colors of hair.

我们不妨假设，为了说明问题，这位女士的白发是因为压力造成的。

Now let's just pretend for argument's sake and for the sake of this explanation that this is someone's hair that's gone gray because of stress.

这是她过去或者他过去头发的颜色。

And this is what she used to look like or he used to look like in terms of the color of their hair.

我觉得特别有意思的是，你说头发变白其实可以逆转，而且不用染发。

What I found really interesting, because it kinda speaks to lots of things that are going on going on in the body, is you're saying you can actually reverse gray hair without dying it.

如果真是这样，那这说明白发到底是什么？更广泛地说，这对我们理解压力、能量、线粒体以及它们之间的关系又意味着什么？

And if so, what does that tell us about what gray hair is, but more broadly, about stress, energy, mitochondria, and everything in between?

是的。

Yeah.

我们发现，头发变白是可以逆转的。

What we discovered is that hair graying is reversible.

这其实挺让人意外的，因为一直以来，我和大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，身体就是一种线性的、不可逆的衰退，没什么办法能改变。

And and that was surprising because what I've learned and what most people learned is that when you age, it's kind of this linear progressive decline, and and there's kind of nothing you can do about it.

但事实上，如果你仔细看大多数人头顶的头发，就能发现类似的情况。

But it turns out that if you look on most people's head, you can see things like this.

很明显，这些头发原本是染过的，所有发丝都变白了，后来又全都变回了深色。

This is obviously, you know, this was dyed and all of the hairs were were white and then all the hairs are are are dark.

如果你拿这样一根头发来看，发梢这里，其实很久以前是长在体内的。

And if you take a hair like this, the tip here, right, was inside the body long time ago.

这就像观察树木的年轮一样。

This is almost like if you look at tree rings.

对吧？

Right?

如果你砍倒一棵树，从横截面看，能看到一圈圈的年轮，就能知道哪一圈是三十年前形成的。

If you take a tree and you cut it in cross section, you see like the rings, and then you can say, oh, this ring was thirty years ago.

对吧？

Right?

而这一圈就是今天长出来的。

And this ring is today.

所以你可以用它来还原树木生长环境的变化历史。

So, you can use that to kind of map the history of what happened in the environment of the tree.

同样的道理，人也是一样。

You can do the same thing.

我们每个人身上都带着一段凝固在头发里的生理历史。

We all walk around with biological history crystallized in this hair.

这就是为什么，如果你想了解一个人是不是一个月前、六个月前，或者两年前用过药——只要头发够长，就能通过分析头发的每一节，找出当时摄入的化学物质痕迹。

And that's why if you wanna know if someone had a drug, for example, like a month ago or six months ago or two years ago, depending how long the hair is, you can actually use the hair and all along would be, you know, the chemical signature of what you took.

比如，你可以在头发的某一段发现大麻的痕迹，但在另一段却找不到。

So, you can find marijuana in the hair, you know, here, but not here.

如果你六个月前吸过大麻，那它的残留物就会留在你的头发里，一直伴随着你，成为身体里一道看得见的印记。

So if you if you have marijuana six months ago, it's gonna be in your hair, and you're gonna walk around with that trace, that physical trace in in your body.

我刚剪过头发。

I just got a haircut.

我开玩笑的。

I'm joking.

我们的想法是，如果能找到某人头上的头发，发梢是深色的，而越靠近头皮的地方就越白。

And the idea was if we could find hairs on someone's head that the tip was dark, right, and then when you look closer to the body, it becomes white.

对吧？

Right?

你会说这根头发年轻的时候是年轻的时候是年轻的时候是年轻的时候，然后突然就老了。

And you would say the hair was young, it was young, it was young, it was young, and then boom, it became old.

对吧？

Right?

它褪色了。

It lost color.

头发变白是衰老的典型标志。

Hair growing is a classic hallmark of aging.

于是我们想到，这说明毛囊和这个人身体内部一定发生了什么变化。

Then we thought, then you would know something that something was happening in this hair follicle and this person's body.

对吧？

Right?

这就让原本年轻的头发变老了。

That made this young hair become old.

这样一来，我们或许就能理解衰老的机制了。

And then maybe we could understand the mechanisms of the aging process.

于是，这变成了一种挺有意思的情况。

So this became kind of an interesting scenario.

通过这项研究，我们发现有人开始寄头发样本给我们，用的是自封袋，通过邮局寄来的。

And through doing this, we found people started to send us hair samples in Ziploc bags over the mail.

我们想找的是那种双色头发——一根头发上有两种颜色，就像这样。

And we were looking for two colored hairs, a single hair that has two colors, kind of like this.

我们找到了各种头发，包括头髮、鬍子、阴毛，都出现了这种特征。

And we found hairs that, you know, head hair, beard hair, pubic hairs that showed the signature.

头发先是深色，然后变白；或者先是白色，后来又变回深色。

The hair was dark and then it became white, or the hair was white, and it became dark again.

对。

Mhmm.

所以我们从很多人身上都找到了实物证据，证明白发是可以变回黑色的。

So we had physical evidence from, like, multiple people that showed white hairs can go back to being dark.

这跟那种观点相矛盾——认为衰老是一个线性、不可逆的过程，我们注定要被动经历，毫无转圜余地。

And this contradicted this idea that, aging is this linear progressive process that we're kind of doomed to experience without any flexibility.

我本人也是这项研究的参与者之一。

I was one of the participants in that study.

我最后找到了五根具有这种特征的头发。

I ended up finding five hairs that had this pattern.

当我们分析逆转发生的时间点时，发现正好是我去度假的时候。

And when we looked at when the reversal happened, we found that the reversal happened when I went on vacation.

那时候我每年都会参加骑行训练营。

And I would go back in those days on annual cycling training camps.

我会去待上一周，整天就是骑车、吃饭、睡觉，那段时间我身体里的能量流动发生了明显的变化。

So I would go for a week, where all you do is you bike, you eat, you sleep, energy started to move very differently in my body during that time.

然后我们分析了头发的分子组成，这正是科学家做的事——你可以把这根头发剪成几段，白色部分、深色部分，它们的基因组完全一样。

And then when we looked at the hair and we analyzed the composition, the molecular composition, that's what scientists do, you can take a hair like this, snip the pieces, the white segment, the dark segment, it's all the same genome.

对吧？

Right?

每根头发的基因、营养、运动量，所有条件都一样。

Every hair has the same genome, the same genetic material, same food, same physical activity, same everything.

那为什么有的头发变白，有的却没变？这给了我们一个机会，去理解生命如何从年轻变衰老，或者反过来，从衰老重回年轻。

Why some hairs go like this or like that was an opportunity to understand the dynamics, the plasticity, like how life can go from being young to old or old back to young.

我们发现，最关键的信号来自线粒体。

And what we found was that the main signal was a mitochondrial signal.

我原本以为，白发颜色变浅，线粒体数量肯定也更少，其他东西也该减少才对。

And in the white hair, I thought there's gonna be less color, right, obviously, but also probably less mitochondria, less, you know, some other things.

但结果发现，白发里的线粒体反而更多。

We found that the white hairs have more mitochondria.

而且在毛囊开始老化的时候，身体并没有及时清理那些该淘汰的东西。

And there was an upregulation of the body, the hair follicle where the hair was becoming old, wasn't kind of letting go of things.

它在更努力地工作。

It was doing more.

所以在这段时间里，你压力更大，消耗了更多能量？

So that means during that period of time, you were more stressed and using more energy?

当细胞变老时，它们并不会轻易死亡，而是会挣扎。

When cells become old, instead of just dying, right, they struggle.

当细胞的DNA受损，或者线粒体功能异常，或者因为其他原因积累损伤而老化时，细胞就难以产生更多线粒体。

And when a cell has damage in the DNA or the mitochondria not working properly, or for some reason, they accumulate damage and become old, the cell struggles to make more mitochondria.

它试图补偿，结果却在过程中浪费了大量能量。

And it it tries to kind of compensate and then ends up wasting a lot of energy in the process.

所以你观察的那根灰发，线粒体更多，是因为它在拼命挣扎。

So on that hair, what you looked at, that was gray, let's call it, it had more mitochondria because it was struggling.

那它为什么挣扎呢？

And why was it struggling?

看起来，压力激素可能会让细胞陷入这种挣扎，比如就是这样。

It looks like stress hormones can, you know, make a cell struggle, for example.

皮质醇。

Cortisol.

对，就是皮质醇。

Cortisol, yes.

如果你是一个细胞，你的世界认知很简单，没有我们这样的感官，但你确实能感知环境的变化。

If you're a cell, right, and your perspective on the world is pretty simple, you don't have, you know, the senses that, we enjoy, but you do never let us sense the environment.

一旦皮质醇出现，收到这个信号，就说明外界环境有危险。

If cortisol comes and you get the signal, it means there's something out there in the environment that's dangerous.

对吧？

Right?

你得做好准备，要么应对战斗，要么准备逃跑，总之外面有危险。

You should be preparing for having to fight or to flight, or there there there's something out there that's dangerous.

我们的细胞进化出这样的机制，把皮质醇解读为危险信号。

Our cells evolved to interpret cortisol in that way.

所以我们做了一个培养皿里的实验。

So we did an experiment in the dish.

我们想知道，为未来担忧要消耗多少能量。

We wanted to know how much energy does it cost to worry about the future.

对吧？

Right?

或者，反复回想昨天的事要花多少能量？

Or how much energy does it cost to ruminate about yesterday?

是的。

Mhmm.

比如你没做成的事、工作中犯的错，或者跟伴侣那次搞砸了的对话？

The thing you didn't do or the mistake you made at work or that conversation that went sideways, you know, with your partner?

一直想着这些，动用你的压力系统，释放皮质醇，这得消耗多少能量？

How much energy does that cost to be thinking about this, to be, you know, engaging your stress system, to be releasing cortisol?

于是，实验室里的两个学生，加布里埃尔和纳塔莉亚，做了这个实验。

So two students in the lab, Gabriel and Natalia, did that experiment.

他们把细胞放在培养皿里，然后给它们注射相当于皮质醇的物质。

They put you put cells in a dish, you give them the equivalent of cortisol.

这些细胞为应对准备要消耗多少能量？

How much energy is gonna cost for these cells to prepare?

皮质醇本身并不会造成伤害，但它会发出信号，暗示外界可能有危险。

There's nothing damaging to the cortisol itself, but the cortisol does signal that there might be something dangerous outside.

这就像是你坐着，突然收到一封邮件，心想：我是不是要丢工作了？

That's like, when you're sitting down, you get an email, you're like, I might lose my job.

或者，这个合同可能拿不到了。

Or I might not get this contract.

然后你就启动了一整套压力反应，心跳开始加快。

And then you have this whole stress response, your heart starts to beat faster.

这种反应要消耗多少能量？

How much energy does that cost?

在培养皿里的细胞中，我们能非常清晰地研究这个问题。

So in cells in a dish, we can isolate that question really well.

我们发现，压力激素让细胞的能量消耗增加了60%。

We found that the stress hormone increased energy expenditure, the cost of life, by 60%.

所以当我压力大的时候，理论上会多消耗60%的能量。

So when I'm stressed, I'm using 60% more energy theoretically.

我不清楚你怎么样，但细胞在培养皿里就是这么回事。

I don't know about you, but cells in a dish.

明白了。

Okay.

人体、大脑，还有这种复杂的生物体，其实都自带缓冲机制。

So the beauty about, like, bodies and, you know, with the mind and, you know, this complex organism, they're buffering systems.

对吧？

Right?

你可能不会因为压力大就多耗60%的能量，但确实会多消耗一些。

So you might I don't think your energy expenditure increases by 60% if you're stressed out, but it increases somewhat.

那边那个图是什么？

What is that graph there?

这里有两个图表。

So there are two graphs here.

上面这个是研究中一位年轻亚裔女性的一根头发的颜色。

The top one is the color of the hair, of a single hair from a young Asian woman who is part of the study.

我们看到的这个叫作头发色素模式，也就是HPP，这是我们实验室开发的，用来定量分析头发变白以及逆转的现象。

And what we see here, this is called the hair pigmentation pattern, the HPP, that we we developed in the lab to understand quantitatively, bring science to this to hair graying and and reversal.

你看到的是，这根头发原本是深色的，后来变白了两厘米，然后突然——

And so what you see here is this hair was dark, and then it became white for two centimeters, and then boom.

完全恢复了颜色。

Completely regained color.

实际上，恢复后的颜色比原来还要深，之后就一直保持深色了。

Actually, it regained it was darker here than it than it used to be, right, and then stayed dark afterwards.

这根头发是我们刚开始收集双色头发时，有人寄过来的。

So this is a hair that we received in the mail as we were starting to to collect two colored hairs.

当我们看到这根头发时，已经从其他几位参与者那里发现了几根重新着色的白发。

And then when we when we saw this, we we had found from a few different people white hairs that had regained color.

我们以前从没见过这样的头发。

We'd never seen a hair like this.

这段头发是深色、白色，然后又变回深色。

That's dark, white, and then dark.

我记得当时拿着这根头发。

So I remember holding this hair.

我简直不敢相信。

I was like, oh my God.

这同一根头发上发生了这种变化。

This is in the same hair.

这清楚地证明了白发是可以逆转的，而且速度可能非常快。

This is incontrovertible evidence that graying of hair is reversible, and it can be pretty pretty fast.

你看这个过渡，才几周时间。

Like, this transition here is just a few weeks.

这一段大概只有一周。

This is about one week.

这根完全变白的头发，仅仅一周就恢复了颜色。

And so this white hair, completely white, regained color in just about a week.

所以我们设计了一个工具，Y轴是一张简单的量表。

So then we developed an instrument, which was a simple sheet on the y axis.

垂直方向代表你经历过的最大压力。

The vertical is most stressful thing that ever happened to you.

完全没有压力。

No stress at all.

十分到零分。

Ten and zero.

而X轴，也就是水平方向，代表时间。

And then the x axis, the horizontal was Time.

时间。

Time.

对。

Yes.

最右边就是现在。

On the far right is now.

对吧？

Right?

这就是现在。

This is now.

这是去年这个时候。

This is a year ago.

然后我们标出了每个月，接着问人们，问这位女士在图表上点一个点。

And then we labeled all the months, and then we asked people, and we asked this lady, put a dot on the graph.

那是过去一年中最压力最大的时候。

That was the most stressful time in the past year.

但任何人都可以做这个练习，找出过去一年中压力最大的时候。

But anyone can do the exercise past year, most stressful time.

好的。

Okay.

也许是去年三月。

Maybe last March.

然后你在三月、第10天那里点了个点，对吧。

And then you put a dot, right, in March, number 10.

压力最小的时候，就标在零的位置。

And then least stressful part, zero.

再把那些发生过、有挑战性的关键事件也标上去。

And then put other, like, meaningful things that happened that were challenging.

所以大家会在过去这一年里，标出一个个点，再把它们连起来。

So people put dots, you know, along the this last year, then connect the dots.

明白吗？

Right?

这条红线就是她那些点连起来的轨迹。

The red graph is her dots connected.

而且和她头发变白的过程完全吻合。

And it correlates perfectly to her hair going gray.

没错。

Correct.

她说，自己的博士论文终于完成了，虽然没工作，但状态还不错。

And what happened to her life, she said she finished her PhD thesis, and she was jobless, but she was fine.

她很高兴终于熬出了头，接着就跟男朋友分手了。

She was happy to be done with her studies, and then broke up with her boyfriend.

天哪。

Oh, damn.

然后她的头发就白了。

And her hair went gray.

对啊。

Yeah.

跟男朋友分手了。

Broke up with her boyfriend.

她自己也不明白生活怎么突然变成这样。

She didn't know what was happening with her life.

她不得不去欧洲出差。

She had to travel to Europe.

家里出了点事。

There was some family drama.

她说那是她人生中最紧张的两个月。

She said these were the the most stressful two months of my life.

这里有个关键问题：如果这种压力长期持续，毛囊会永久变白吗？

There's a killer question here, which is if that remains chronic, does that hair follicle go gray forever?

对。

Yeah.

如果我经历两三周的压力，头发有点变白，只要尽快摆脱这种压力，那些变白的头发会重新变黑或变深吗？

I if I go through an a stressful period for two to three weeks and my hair goes a bit gray, as long as I get out of that stressful period as quick as possible, does that hair then return to to black or dark?

对。

Yeah.

你明白我的意思吧？

Do you see what I'm saying here?

看起来是这样，我们做了一些复杂的数学模型，想搞清楚为什么会出现这种情况——为什么头发会突然变白，但之后又能恢复。其实我们对此已经很了解了。

It seems like and we ran some, like, fancy mathematical model to understand why this would be possible, why it could happen, like, now for this hair and then be reversible, but we know it, you know, very well.

如果你已经满头白发，七十岁了，那你是不可能再变回黑发的。

If you have a full head of gray hair and you're 70 years old, you're not gonna regain your color.

没错。

Yeah.

所以我们的数学模型显示，其实有个时间窗口，头发是慢慢积累损伤的，会变得越来越耗能。

So there seems to when the model the mathematical model suggested is that there's a window opportunity, right, where a hair slowly accumulates damage, becomes more and more probably energetically inefficient.

对吧？

Right?

能量消耗越来越大，直到达到一个临界点。

So there's more and more energy resistance, and then there's a barrier.

一旦头发跨过这个门槛，就会彻底失去色素。

And then when the the hair hits that threshold, now it loses color.

那就没救了。

It's done.

对。

Yep.

但如果身体状况发生了变化，比如你去度假了，或者开始间歇性禁食，身体就有更多能量供给黑发了。

But then if something changes in the body, right, you go on a vacation or you start to do intermittent fasting, and then there's more energy available for your dark hair.

这时候，头发的颜色是有可能恢复的。

Now it can be reversed.

对吧？

Right?

因为你又能回到那个临界点之上。

Because you can go back up against that threshold.

但最终，这根头发还是会变灰。

But then eventually, this hair is gonna go gray again.

如果你已经很久很久没颜色了，比如十年前就变灰了，现在想恢复，那就离临界点太远，没法再变回去了。

And then if you're way way down, like this hair turned gray ten years ago, and you go back up, you're too far away from threshold to regain color.

明白了。

Okay.

这说明存在一个临界点模型，连头发变白这么看似非黑即白的事情，其实也有个时间窗口。

So it suggests some threshold model that there's a window of opportunity for some something as binary as hair color.

要么是黑的，要么是白的。

It's black or it's white.

对吧？

Right?

所以这里有个机会窗口，

So there's kind of a window of opportunity there where

可以逆转白发。

Where you can reverse gray hair.

没错。

Yes.

我确实想再回过头聊聊头发的事，但你刚才提到的那层细微差别让我想到了心态的问题。

I do wanna come back to this hair thing, but it did make me think because you you added a layer of nuance there, which is about the mind.

对。

Mhmm.

比如，如果我生活中保持更坚韧的心态，收到一封糟糕的邮件，我就一笑置之；而你收到同样的邮件，却会炸毛。

Like, if I go through my life with a more resilient mind, and you get that bad email and you go and I get the bad email and go, fuck it.

谁在乎呢？

Who cares?

对啊。

Yep.

所以，如果我的线粒体因为皮质醇减少而消耗更少能量，我是不是一整天都会更高效？

Am I therefore gonna be a way more productive person throughout those twenty four hours because my mitochondria are using less energy because there's less cortisol?

是的。

Yeah.

根据我们目前的了解，这个说法很可能是对的。

Based on what we know, I think that's likely correct.

真正拖垮你的不是压力本身。

So it's not the stress that burns us down.

而是你对压力的反应。

It's the response to stress.

在生物学里，没有任何东西是免费的。

And nothing is free in biology.

当你回复那封邮件时，心跳加快，其实是在消耗心脏的能量。

And for your heart to be a little faster, if you mount a response to that email, right, you're burning energy in your heart.

然后你肩膀紧绷，这同样在消耗能量。

And then you're tensing your, you know, your your shoulder, that's burning energy.

接着你的大脑开始反复琢磨，一件事接一件事，突然想起童年，想到这个、那个，最后还冒汗了——每一件事都在耗能。

Now your brain is going into like rumination mode and then this thing, and then then it makes you think about your childhood and this and like and then the the that and then you start to sweat, like everything costs energy.

所以整个过程是这样的：我收到了一封邮件。

So the chain of events is I get the email.

那是一封非常糟糕的邮件。

It's a very bad email.

上面写着：史蒂文，你被解雇了，来自《我们的一年》节目组。

It says, you're fired, Steven, from the Diar of Us Year.

他们找到了新的主持人。

We found a different host.

对。

Yeah.

我看了那封邮件。

I look at the email.

它立刻影响了我的心理和思绪。

That goes into my psychology, my mind.

我会给自己编一个故事，解释这封邮件对我、我的未来、我的孩子意味着什么，然后身体就会产生应激反应，比如分泌皮质醇这样的激素。

I then have a story I tell myself about what that email means for me, my future, my children, whatever, which then causes a physiological response of, like, chemicals like cortisol Yeah.

这些激素进入细胞，影响线粒体，让它们得更卖力地工作，消耗更多能量。

Which goes into my cells, my mitochondria, which then have to work a little bit harder or use more energy Mhmm.

最终，这会导致我更累，因为每天的能量总量是有限的。

Which is ultimately then gonna mean that I'm more tired because I have a finite amount of energy per day.

对。

Mhmm.

这个过程就是这样的吗？

Is that is that sequence of events?

我之所以问这个，是因为它让我有机会在某个环节介入，打断它。

I I ask about that sequence because it offers me an opportunity to intervene at some point.

是的。

Yes.

对。

Yes.

就是这样。

That's it.

没错。

Right.

我们确实会想这些。

We do think about it.

别打开笔记本电脑。

Don't open the laptop.

或者，对坏消息的应对方式能好一点。

Or, like, get a little bit better with bad news.

是的。

Yeah.

或者学会别那么情绪化。

Or, you know, learn to be less reactive.

对吧？

Right?

或者学会感受它，留意自己的反应。

Or learn to to feel and and, you know, sit with be aware of that reaction.

因为关键在于意识到这个过程，才能打断那套让你耗尽精力的连锁反应。

Because the key solution to kind of to to cutting that sequence of event that ends up draining you is to become aware of it.

是的。

Yeah.

意识到这一点。

Become aware of it.

对。

Yeah.

对吧？

Right?

所以你可以打断这个过程，那些研究冥想、正念和静修方法的人，大多认为这才是关键。

So you can kind of interrupt this and people who study contemplative practices and meditation and mindfulness approaches, I think many of them think this is kind of the key.

对吧？

Right?

就是觉察，身体的觉察，或者叫内感受。

The awareness, the somatic awareness or interoception.

如果你能感受到身体的反应，就能自由地问自己：我真需要做出回应吗？

So if you feel into your bodily's responses, you become free of, do I mount a response?

现在真的有必要吗？

Is that needed now or not?

压力其实分很多种，对吧？

There's different types of stress, right?

比如急性压力，就是收到一封邮件，心里咯噔一下，但五分钟之后就没事了。

There's like the acute stress, which is just, you get the email, you feel a little bit of a spike, but five minutes later, you're fine.

没错。

Yep.

还有一种长期的压力，每天醒来都带着那种深藏心底的紧张感，连续好多天、好多周都是这样。

And then there's the more chronic type of stress where you're waking up every day with the same feeling of stress deep inside you for many, many days in a row, many weeks in a row.

对。

Yeah.

我明白急性压力其实没那么糟，很正常也很有帮助，真正有害的是这种长期的压力。

I hear that acute stress isn't all that bad, and it's very normal and useful, but it's this chronic stress that can cause a lot of damage.

没错。

Yeah.

这让我们又回到了一个问题：能量在身体里是怎么流动的？

And I think that brings us back to the concept of how is energy flowing through the body?

如果流动得太顺畅、没有一点阻力，你根本没法生存。

And if it flows with not enough resistance, you can't survive.

但要是阻力太大，人就会被耗尽。

But if there's too much resistance, then you you get drained.

我该怎么理解这种‘阻力’呢？

How do I think about this resistance thing?

因为我真的很难理解这个。

Because I'm really struggling with, like, understanding it.

也许用运动来举例会比较好懂。

Maybe one good example to to frame this is exercise.

对。

Yeah.

没错吧？

Right?

你刚开始运动的时候，肌肉会感受到阻力，对吧？

When you start to exercise, there's increased resistance in your muscle, right?

你的肌肉在收缩。

Your muscles are contracting.

所以这里既有物理上的阻力，也有能量上的阻力。

So there's a physical resistance there, but there's also energy resistance.

能量试图流经肌肉，而这时你的细胞里还有线粒体。

So the energy is trying to flow through the muscle and then there's you have mitochondria.

如果你的线粒体很少，而肌肉又在拼命收缩，比如你在跑步、冲刺，或者做间歇训练。

If you have just a few mitochondria and the muscles are contracting really hard, like you're running, you're sprinting, You're doing interval training.

这时候，线粒体就没法提供肌肉所要求的那么多能量。

Now the mitochondria don't have the capacity to flow as much energy as the muscle is asking.

于是，需求和供能能力之间就出现了不平衡。

And so that imbalance of demand to flow capacity.

这种需求除以供能能力的结果，就是阻力。

Now, the product of this, the demand divided by flow capacity is resistance.

如果你的冲刺对肌肉要求很高，但线粒体又不够多，对吧？

So, if you demand a lot of your muscle because of your sprint, but you don't have a lot of mitochondria, right?

那感觉一定会特别糟糕。

It's gonna feel terrible.

随着阻力不断上升，肌肉会变得很烫，接着发炎、灼烧，最后变得特别难受。

And then because the resistance creeps up, and then your muscle becomes really hot, and then eventually there's inflammation, and then it burns, and then it's uncomfortable.

但这就是一次短期的能量阻力反应。

But then So that's like an acute bout of energy resistance.

运动之后，等你恢复过来，会发生什么？

What happens with exercise is once you recover, right?

锻炼的好处不是发生在运动过程中，而是在恢复期间。

The benefits of exercise don't happen during the exercise, they happen after during the recovery.

当你恢复了，肌肉放松，身体休息，最后你就会入睡。

So, if you recover, now the muscles are relaxing and you're resting, eventually you go to sleep.

随着阻力下降，细胞就会想：下次再遇到这种情况，我得提前做好准备。

During the decrease in the resistance, now the cell says, next time this happens, I better be ready.

这次真的太难受了。

Like this was really uncomfortable.

太多能量硬塞进一个承受不了的系统里。

It was too much energy shoved into a system that couldn't take it.

所以我得生成更多的线粒体。

So I'm gonna make more mitochondria.

这就是为什么一个人从久坐不动变成备战马拉松时会发生的变化。

So that's what happens if you go from being a sedentary couch potato to training for a marathon.

你肌肉里的线粒体数量可以增加一倍。

You can double the amount of mitochondria you have in your muscles.

这就是身体在感受到阻力增加时的反应。

And that's the system feeling the rise in resistance.

我觉得自己没能力处理这么多能量，所以得为下次做好准备。

Like I don't have the capacity to flow that much energy and then adapting for this for the next time.

下次我就有准备了，干脆多生成一些线粒体吧。

And so next time I'm gonna be ready, let's make more mitochondria.

所以，运动的好处很可能就来自这里。

So that's probably where the benefits of exercise come from.

这种压力峰值本身并不是坏事。

This spike and why stress is is not a bad thing intrinsically.

对吧？

Right?

当你经历一次压力高峰，它会触发身体做出调整，长远来看让你更高效，降低未来的阻力。

If you have a spike of stress, it stimulates the process the the the it stimulates the body to put in place things that in the long run makes you more efficient, decreases your resistance.

这样你这一生就能轻松不少。

Then you can go through life with with less resistance.

我们再回来说说白发的事。

Coming back to this gray hair thing.

如果我们把长白发看作是最后一块倒下的多米诺骨牌，也就是一个表现，没错。

So if if we consider gray hair, my hair going gray, to be the last domino that fell, so, like, the symptom Yep.

那第一块倒下的骨牌是什么呢？

Then what is what are the well, what is the first domino?

对。

Mhmm.

你能给我讲讲这一连串的过程吗？

And can you walk me through the sequence of events?

因为如果我能弄清楚这个过程，就能明白该怎么去逆转它。

Because one would assume that if I understand that sequence of events, I can also understand how to then reverse it.

是的。

Yeah.

我现在有几根白发了，该怎么应对呢？

How to kinda take I've got a couple of gray hairs now.

说起来，我倒是有个亲身经历，你这么一提，我才发现，我确实会突然冒出一大片白发，有时候连续几周甚至几个月做某件事后，一照镜子就傻眼了。

And I actually, anecdotally, do think, weirdly, now you said this, that I have, like, gray hair flare ups where I'll go I'll, you know, go through a couple of weeks or months of doing something.

我怎么一下子多了这么多白发？

And I look in the mirror and be like, what?

现在有十二根了？

I have 12 now?

我这还说得保守了。

I'm being generous there.

其实得有二十五根左右。

There's more like 25.

我现在确实有二十五根白发了。

I have I have 25 now.

从多米诺骨牌的角度来看，白发就是那个最后倒下的症状。

In terms of those dominoes, the symptom is gray hair.

是的。

Yeah.

第一个触发因素是什么？接下来一连串的事件是怎么导致长出白发的呢？

What is the first domino that that falls, and what is the sequence of events that leads to the gray hair Yeah.

在毛囊里？

In the follicle?

人体的能量是有限的，身体会像经营企业一样，把能量分配到不同的地方。

So there's a finite energy budget, and then what the organism does is it allocates energy in different places, like a business.

对吧？

Right?

你有这么一笔预算，是把更多能量用在这儿？

You have this budget, do I put more energy here?

还是用在那儿？

Do I put more resources here?

如果这么做了，就得从别处抽走资源，对吧？

If so, I need to take resources away from here, right?

所以当你生活中遇到压力时，它会把本该用于维持年轻的能量抽走，对吧？

So, as stress happens in your life, it pulls energy away from some of the things that keep you young, Right?

身体里其实有一套能量需求的优先级。

So there's a there's a kind of a hierarchy of energy needs in the body.

并不是所有事情都能得到同等的重视。

Not everything can be prioritized the same way.

你听说过马斯洛的人类需求层次理论吗？

You know Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

是的。

Yeah.

对吧？

Yeah?

马斯洛的观点是

So Maslow's insight was

天哪。

Oh my god.

我一下子吓坏了。

I just freaked out.

我的手往下摸，竟然碰到了一个人的头。

My hand reached down and I just felt someone's head.

我当时就想着

It was just I was like

这是急性应激反应。

Acute stress response.

对。

Yeah.

我就是突然间反应过来了。

I just got yeah.

皮质醇瞬间崩了。

Cortisol fled.

不好意思。

Sorry.

马斯洛需求层次理论。

Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

对。

Yeah.

人体的能量需求也有一套类似的层次结构。

So there's there's a hierarchy of energy needs in the body that works similarly to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

马斯洛说过，人要想真正实现自我，首先得确保安全、食物和住所都有保障。

Maslow said, for a human being to be fully realized, first, you need to have safety and food and shelter secured.

等这些基本需求都满足了，你才会开始考虑和别人建立关系，对吧？

Once you have this and you feel this is covered in your life, then you can start to think about building relationships with other people, right?

亲密的关系。

Loving relationships.

等这些都稳了，你才会去想怎么提升自己的能力。

Once you have this settled, now you can start to think about building your skills, right?

比如把某件事做到特别精通。

Like becoming really good at something.

等这些基本需求都满足了，人才能腾出精力去追求一些看似不那么重要的事，比如精神层面的追求，也就是自我实现，让自己真正活出最好的状态。

And then once you have this covered, now you can devote energy to the more frivolous things like spirituality, what do you call self actualization, and kind of becoming your best self flourishing.

所以，他认为这些需求必须按顺序逐一满足。

So, he saw this very much as this needs to be covered.

一旦生活变得特别艰难，资源受限，最先被放弃的往往是金字塔顶端的东西。

And when things get really hard and there are constraints on your life, the first thing to go is the top of the pyramid, right?

比如冥想，或者那些长远的自我提升计划——可当连下周的饭钱都成问题时，这些就只能先放一放了。

Your meditation practice or the long term type, like I'm gonna be a better person now, like I need to make sure we can put food on the table next week, right?

我觉得，这种人类需求的层级，和身体里能量分配的层级是吻合的。

So this hierarchy of human needs, I think aligns with hierarchy of energy needs in the body.

至于发色这种事，在这个层级里简直微不足道。

And as far as the importance of hair color goes, it's pretty low on the hierarchy.

随着身体老化，越来越多细胞开始效率下降，对吧？

So as the body gets older and you have more and more cells in the body that start to be less efficient, right?

线粒体功能变差，体内炎症增加，消耗了更多能量，再加上工作压力越来越大，这些因素层层叠加，一点点把本该用于自我成长的能量给榨干了。

Their mitochondria are working a little less efficiently, and then there's more inflammation in the body that's costing energy, and there's more worries about professional obligations, and all of these things kind of stack up and steal energy away from the things that are there.

我们称之为生长、维持和修复。

We call them growth, maintenance, and repair.

这些是身体里的抗衰老过程，都需要能量。

These are like the anti aging processes in in the body, and those need energy.

但它们的重要性不如你眼下觉得会威胁生命的那些压力。

But they're not as important as, you know, facing the stressor that you think is life threatening now.

如果有一头狮子在追我，我的身体会把所有能量都用在逃命上。

So if there's a lion chasing me, my body's gonna commit all the the energy I have to getting away from this lion.

它可能会说：‘史蒂文，我们就不修你眼睛旁边那块皮肤了。',

And it might say, listen, Steven, we're not gonna repair the skin next to your eyes.

你会多长几条皱纹，我们也不会把能量花在让毛囊继续产生黑色素之类的事情上。

You're gonna get a couple more wrinkles, and we're not gonna make your we're not gonna commit energy to making sure your follicles in your hair produce black pigment or whatever.

那我就会看起来老了。

So I would then look aged.

我会显得很老，是的。

I would look old Yeah.

更老了。

Older.

但这是因为我的所有能量都被用在了别的事情上，而我的身体认为那些事优先级更高。

But that's because all of my energy has been going to something else which my body considered to be a high priority.

没错。

Correct.

这也让我想到我们常聊的总统们的情况。

Which also brings me to, I guess, the famous what we always talk about with presidents.

因为总统上任时通常头发还是黑的。

Because presidents go into office often with dark hair Yeah.

但离职时头发却变灰了。

And they come out with gray hair.

正常情况下，人不可能在八年里老得这么快。

And usually, one does not age that quickly in eight years.

我们在英超的足球教练身上也看到同样的现象。

We see the same in the Premier League with football managers.

教练们。

Managers.

对啊。

Mhmm.

他们第一天上任的时候。

They walk in on that first day.

看起来精神饱满，充满活力。

They look very sprightly and energetic.

两年后，头发就白了，眼下有黑眼圈，满脸皱纹，整个人像老了十岁。

And two years later, they have have gray hair, bags under their eyes, wrinkles, and they look like they've aged ten years.

没错。

Yep.

所以你是说，如果真有什么抗衰老的秘诀，那就是这个。

So you're telling me actually that the the real secret to antiaging, if there was one, is this.

能量的合理分配。

Is the proper allocation of energy.