最常回放片段：吃糖后别刷牙！最佳口腔护理流程

我最近读到一项小鼠研究，发现口腔细菌与肿瘤生长存在关联。

I was reading about a study in mice that linked that oral bacteria to tumor growth.

你熟悉那项研究吗？

Are you familiar with that study?

是的。

Yes.

而且特指那种口腔细菌——具核梭杆菌，已被证实会加速小鼠体内肿瘤生长，对结直肠癌和乳腺癌同样如此。

And it's that specific oral bacteria, so the Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has been shown to accelerate tumor growth within mice, but also for colorectal cancer and breast cancer as well.

对此你有什么看法？

And what's your belief there?

我知道这项研究还比较新，但你认为口腔微生物群的健康与我们患某种癌症的概率之间存在因果关系吗？我是说显著的因果关系？

I know this research is fairly new, but do you think there is a causal relationship, a significant causal relationship between the health of our oral microbiome and our probability of developing some form of cancer?

我目前还不会断言是因果关系。

I wouldn't yet say causal.

我认为多数癌症是多因素导致的，有许多因素会影响你是否患癌以及癌症的侵袭性。

I think that for most cancers, it is multifactorial and there are a lot of things that can impact whether or not you get the cancer and how aggressive the cancer is.

我确实认为口腔健康和某些特定口腔细菌是风险因素，绝对会加剧这些癌症的恶性程度甚至诱发癌症。

I do think that oral health and some specific oral bacteria are risk factors and can definitely increase the aggression of those cancers or even the initiation of them.

还有项研究——我想正在等待发表——他们研制了一种只杀灭我刚才说的那种口腔细菌（具核梭杆菌）的抗生素。

There's also been research, and I think I'm waiting for the research to be published, on what they're doing is they've created a antibiotic which only kills that oral bacteria that I was talking about, so Fusobacterium nucleatum.

他们计划给携带这种口腔细菌的结直肠癌患者使用这种抗生素，观察是否能延缓病情进展或改善预后。

And they are going to be issuing that antibiotic to those patients who have the colorectal cancer, which has the oral bacteria, to see whether or not it slows down their progression or improves their prognosis.

所以如果我看到这些结果得到验证，那么两者之间肯定存在强因果关系。

So if I see those results and it shows it, then there's for sure a strong causative link between the two.

但目前我认为是多因素作用，而且这无疑是个风险因素。

But for now, I would say that it's multifactorial and it's definitely a risk factor.

你描述的那种口腔细菌，是叫具核梭杆菌吗？

That oral bacteria that you're describing, you called it phusobacterium?

是的。

Yeah.

是什么原因导致的？

What is it that causes that?

是我吃的什么东西吗？

Is it something that I'm eating?

是我的生活方式选择吗？

Is it a lifestyle choice I'm making?

多种因素。

Multiple things.

口腔卫生不良。

Poor oral hygiene.

有些人天生携带量会更高。

Some of us genetically will have higher levels of it.

和我们吃的食物有关。

It's what we eat.

和我们接吻的对象有关。

It's who we're kissing.

和我们吸入的东西有关。

It's what we're breathing in.

我女朋友有吗？

Does my girlfriend have it?

所以我们需要检测看看。

So we'll have to see.

但这就是重点——现在能检测这些的妙处就在于你能亲眼看到结果。

But it's, and that's the thing, that's the beauty of being able to test these things now is that you can actually see.

还有件奇怪的事，绿茶这么简单的东西杀灭具核梭杆菌的效果却极好。

And also what's strange is that green tea, you know, something so simple is extremely effective at killing Fusobacterium nucleatum.

所以就是要了解这类事情，能够进行检测，根据结果制定正确的治疗方案和建议，我们知道绿色海洋对我们有益。

So it's just knowing those types of things, being able to do the test, knowing the right treatment plans and recommendations based from that, we know green sea is good for us.

现在我们可以真正理解原因了。

And now we can really understand why.

好的。

Okay.

这很有趣。

That's interesting.

你其实已经测试过那边的杰克了，而且在开始录音前你还告诉我他体内有大量那种假单胞菌。

You you have actually tested Jack over there, And you said to me before we start recording that he's got a ton of that physobacterium.

是的。

Yes.

确实如此。

He does.

对。

Yeah.

而且情况真的开始失控了。

And it's really getting out of control.

这是你说的。

That's what you said.

严重失控。

Really badly out of control.

没错。

Yeah.

所以我...我送了他一大桶绿茶作为礼物。

So I've, I've given him a a big vat of green tea as a gift.

绿茶？

Green tea?

是的。

Yes.

绿茶。

Green tea.

这家伙会把它剪掉的。

This guy's gonna edit that out.

这就是问题所在。

This is the problem.

对。

Yeah.

绿茶。

Green tea.

对。

Yeah.

这对我自己的微生物群有好处。

That's good for my own microbiome.

对，真的很好。

Yeah, really good.

怎么个好法？

How?

会染色，但确实很好。

Stains, but really good.

它有抗炎作用。

It's anti inflammatory.

它有助于缓解我们所说的氧化应激。

It helps with what we call oxidative stress.

所以这基本上就是身体承受的压力。

So this is basically stress for the body.

而且它是抗菌的。

And it's antibacterial.

所以它实际上对杀灭具核梭杆菌非常有效。

So it actually is very effective at killing Fusobacterium nucleatum.

你认为咖啡对我的口腔微生物组有什么影响？

What is your opinion of the impact that coffee has on my oral microbiome?

我有点偏颇，因为我爱喝咖啡。

I'm slightly biased because I love coffee.

好吧。

Okay.

但咖啡对口腔微生物组没有直接的负面影响。

But there is no negative impact of coffee on the oral microbiome directly.

咖啡确实会让口腔变干，唾液减少，这实际上会对口腔微生物组造成问题。

Coffee does dry your mouth out, and so you have reduced saliva, and that can actually cause problems for the oral microbiome.

所以唾液在口腔中非常重要。

So the saliva is super important in your mouth.

它为口腔中的细菌提供所有食物、蛋白质等所需物质。

It provides all of the food, the proteins, everything for the bacteria in your mouth.

这有点像一种配送服务。

So it's kind of like this delivery service.

你的配送系统四处奔波，为细菌提供所有食物——抱歉，是为细菌提供食物。

Your delivery is traveling around providing all the food and bacteria, sorry, food to the bacteria.

这能让有益菌保持活力和快乐。

And that's what keeps the good bacteria alive and happy.

所以当你口干时，比如喝太多咖啡、非常紧张或正在服用抗抑郁药（这是常见原因），你的唾液就会减少。

So when you have a dry mouth, let's say you're drinking lots of coffee or you're very nervous or you are on antidepressants, for example, which are a big one, then you just don't have as much saliva.

那些细菌就得不到足够食物而死亡，然后有害菌就会滋生取而代之。

So you those bacteria don't have as much food and those bacteria die and then you get bad bacteria growing in replacement.

那茶呢？

What about tea?

在英国，我们是个饮茶的民族。

We're a nation of tea drinkers in The UK.

差不多。

Similar.

茶确实会让嘴巴发干，但不像咖啡那么严重，除了可能导致牙齿染色外没什么问题。

So it also does dry your mouth not as bad as coffee, but otherwise, no problems other than staining.

如果我加很多糖会怎样？

What about if I put loads of sugar in it?

因为很多人会加很多...好吧。

Because a lot people put a lot of Okay.

嗯。

Yeah.

不行。

No.

不行。

No.

不行。

No.

绝对不行。

Never no.

实际上，往茶里加糖比你吃块饼干还糟糕。

So actually, sugar in your tea is even worse than you having a biscuit, for example.

因为糖溶解在热茶里，当你喝下热茶时，反而会造成更多问题。

So because the sugar dissolves in your hot tea and the tea is hot, when you drink it, it can actually cause more problems.

关于糖还有个问题——我嗜甜如命，但关键在于你摄入糖的方式。

Another thing with sugar is, I have a sweet tooth, I love sugar, but it's about how you eat your sugar.

假设你喝的热茶里放了五块糖，然后你花一两个小时慢慢啜饮，这时就会开始出现很多问题。

So let's say if you have your hot tea with five lumps of sugar in there and you're sipping it over an hour or two, that's where you start to see a lot of problems.

实际上你需要一次性摄入所有糖分，来个‘糖分轰炸’。

So actually you need to be having a sugar attack, so just all the sugar in one go.

这样你的口腔就能一次性处理所有糖分，快速中和唾液并尽快恢复到良好状态。

And that way your mouth has all the sugar in one go and it's able to neutralize the saliva and get back to a good state as quickly as possible.

每次你啜饮含糖茶时，唾液就会在酸性和中性之间反复波动，最终导致调节功能失常，唾液持续呈酸性。

Every time you sip your your tea with sugar, what happens is that the saliva has to go from acidic back to neutral acidic back to neutral acidic, and then it starts to just not work properly and the saliva just stays acidic.

这时蛀牙就开始出现了。

And that's where you start to see decay.

所以你是建议直接一口闷掉茶？

So you wanna just down the tea?

要么一口闷掉茶，要么——不知道你是不是M豆爱好者——一次性吃完所有M豆。

Down the tea or I don't know if you're a M and M guy, have all your M and M's in one go.

不要每隔十分钟就吃几颗M豆。

Don't snack on M and M's every ten minutes.

那其他饮料呢？比如可口可乐这类含人工甜味剂的碳酸饮料？

What about other drinks like, I don't know, you know, Coca Colas and these other sort of fizzy drinks that might have artificial sweeteners in, things like that?

它们虽然不如天然糖危害大，但像可乐、芬达这类饮料酸性很强，同样会造成牙齿腐蚀。

So they're not as bad as your natural sugars, but for example, something like your Coke or Fanta or whatever, it's also very acidic and it can actually cause erosion as well.

这会导致牙齿最外层的釉质被碳酸饮料逐渐侵蚀殆尽。

So this is essentially where the outer layer of your tooth, so the enamel, is just worn away from having lots and lots of these fizzy drinks.

虽然已经看过我的检测结果，但根据你见过的成千上万案例，要改善口腔状况、获得完美口腔健康和微生物群，最简单的方法有哪些？

So what are the very having seen my results, but generally from seeing the thousands and thousands of results that you've seen, What are some of the easiest things that I could do to help correct that situation and have perfect oral health and a perfect oral microbiome?

我们的做法是：如果你做了检测，就会获得全部个性化建议。

So what we've done is if you were to do the test, you would have all of the personalised recommendations for you.

我们会建议你喝绿茶、吃蜂蜜等，这些经研究证实特别适合改善你这种情况的微生物群。

So we tell you to have green tea, to have honey, all of those types of things, which have been shown through research to benefit your microbiome in your case specifically.

但如果我们讨论的是尚未进行微生物组检测、只想确保拥有尽可能平衡的微生物组的人，饮食显然非常重要。

But if we were just talking about someone who hasn't done the microbiome test and wants to just make sure that they have as balanced of a microbiome as possible, diet is obviously very important.

所以我们提到的'糖分冲击'，要确保每天只承受一次糖分冲击，不要持续摄入糖分，因为它会改变唾液pH值，还有你使用的牙膏类型。

So what we're talking about, that sugar attack, making sure that you only have one sugar attack a day, you're not having sugar consistently because it does alter your saliva pH, the type of toothpaste that you're using.

我喜欢保持简单。

I like to keep it simple.

我们不需要把事情搞得过于复杂。

We don't need to make things super complicated.

你不必花那么多钱。

You don't have to spend that much money.

说实话，拥有合适的牙膏、牙刷和牙线就是你最需要的全部必需品。

Having the right toothpaste, right toothbrush, and the right floss is honestly as much as is the most necessary thing that you need.

好的。

Okay.

那么关于刷牙，你能给些关于刷牙时机的实用建议吗？

So in terms of brushing, though, you you give some sort of practical advice around when we should brush.

具体是什么？

What is that?

有没有什么时候是不应该刷牙的？

And is there any time where I shouldn't brush my teeth?

绝对不要在摄入酸性或含糖食物后立即刷牙。

You should never brush straight after anything acidic or sugary.

因为这样你实际上是在把糖分或酸性物质研磨进牙齿里。

So what you end up doing is grinding the sugar or the acid into your teeth.

所以实际上，你应该等待30分钟再刷牙。

So actually, you should wait thirty minutes until you brush your teeth.

这很有趣，因为当我吃甜食时，总觉得需要立即刷牙清除它。

That's interesting because when I eat something sugary, I feel like I need to brush my teeth to get rid of it.

是的。

Yeah.

不。

No.

不。

No.

所以你想等三十分钟。

So you want to wait thirty minutes.

其实你可以嚼些无糖口香糖，或者我们有很多种糖果可以用。

So instead, you can chew some sugar free gum or there are lots of pastels that we use.

比如我会用可咀嚼的薄荷糖，嚼一颗就能快速中和唾液酸度，防止酸性物质导致牙齿脱矿。

So like I use like chewable mints, and you can chew one of those and it will actually neutralize your saliva really quickly so that you don't have that acid causing the demineralization.

你是说我应该早上起床第一件事和睡前最后一件事都刷牙？

And you said that I should brush my teeth first thing in the morning and last thing before I go to bed?

对。

Yes.

好的。

Okay.

因为那大概是最长的空窗期，我想这是最好的方式

Just because that's the sort of biggest window, I guess, that's the best way

嗯对。

to Yeah.

最重要的刷牙时间是睡前，因为你要花两分钟把所有这些好东西涂在牙齿上。

The most important time to brush your teeth is right before you go to bed because you spend two minutes spreading all this lovely goodness on your teeth.

而当你睡觉时，回到唾液话题，睡眠时唾液分泌量会大幅减少。

And then when you go to sleep, going back to saliva, when you sleep, your saliva flow reduces massively.

于是这些细菌突然就无人看管了。

So all of a sudden, these bacteria are left to their own devices.

如果你们没有好的牙膏，那确实会引发很多问题。

If And you don't have good toothpaste there, then they can cause a lot of problems.

那我刷完牙后应该吐掉还是漱口？

And do I spit or do I rinse after I've brushed my teeth?

吐掉。

Spit.

所以刷完牙后千万不要用水漱口。

So you should never rinse your mouth out with water after you brush your teeth.

就是刷、刷、刷，然后吐到水池里就完事了。

So brush, brush, brush, spit into the basin and that's it.

原因嘛，还是用防晒霜来比喻——想象你花两分钟把防晒霜涂满全身，结果出门前又立刻冲了个澡。

Reason being, again going back to my sunscreen analogy, imagine you spend two minutes putting all this lovely sunscreen all over your skin to then just go and have a shower right before you go into the sun.

牙膏也是同理，你花两分钟把牙膏涂满牙齿。

So with the toothpaste, you you spend two minutes putting all of that on your teeth.

如果这时漱口，就等于把所有的有效成分都冲掉了。

And then if you rinse it, then you're actually removing all of that goodness from your teeth and gums.

简直跟没刷一样。

And it's kind of like you haven't done anything.

牙刷。

Toothbrushes.

对。

Yes.

我该用哪种牙刷？

Which toothbrush should I use?

用这种还是电动牙刷？

This one or an electric one?

我个人更推荐电动牙刷。

I generally prefer an electric toothbrush.

为什么？

Why?

通常它们会帮你完成大部分工作。

Usually they kind of do the work for you.

这意味着患者口腔健康状况更好，因为实际上大多数人不知道如何正确刷牙。

So it just means that patients have better oral health because most people don't know how to brush their teeth properly actually.

我们从未真正接受过专业指导或训练，只是从父母那里学来的。

We're never really taught or trained, or we get taught by our parents.

父母其实也不清楚，他们也是从自己的父母那里学来的。

Our parents don't really know, they've been taught by their parents.

所以第一，很多人实际上并不知道如何正确刷牙。

So a lot of people don't actually know how to brush their teeth, number one.

第二，我们刷牙的时间往往比自认为的要短。

Number two, we often don't brush for as long as we think that we are.

我们应该刷满两分钟。

So we're meant to brush for two minutes.

但平均刷牙时间只有二十到三十秒。

The average is twenty to thirty seconds.

我们以为自己刷了两分钟，其实并没有。

And we think that we're brushing for two minutes, but we're not.

电动牙刷会帮你计时，还配有压力传感器。

So with an electric toothbrush, it times you, and then also a pressure sensor.

电动牙刷通常装有压力传感器，能显示你是否用力过猛或力度适中，这能降低牙龈萎缩的风险。

So the electric toothbrush often will have a pressure sensor, which will show you whether or not you're brushing too hard or you're brushing at the right pressure, and that will reduce your chance of recession.

你能用面前那些牙齿模型给我演示一下人们最容易忽略的口腔和牙齿区域吗？

Can you show me on one of those tooth models in front of you the area of the mouth and teeth that people most often overlook?

可以。

Yes.

我能看看你的

Can I have your

牙齿先吗？

teeth first?

当然可以。

Yes, of course.

可以说人们通常最难清洁的区域是最里面下排牙齿的内侧。

So I would say the area that people usually struggle with the most is the insides of their very back bottom teeth.

就是里面靠近我舌头的部位？

So inside where where next to my tongue?

差不多。

Basically.

对。

Yeah.

基本上就是靠近你舌头的部位。

Just near your tongue, basically.

很多人会这样做：他们会这样刷内侧牙齿。

What a lot of people will do is they'll kind of they'll go on the inside and they brush their teeth like this.

明白吗？

Okay?

实际上你应该抬起手肘，刷到那里时最好保持90度角。

Whereas actually, you wanna get your elbow up and you wanna brush a lot more at like a a 90 degree angle when you're getting there.

看起来你稍微刷到牙龈了。

It looks like you're brushing the gums a little bit.

有一点。

A little bit.

是的。

Yes.

其实你需要稍微刷一下牙龈。

You actually do wanna brush the gums a little bit.

然后当我们刷牙齿外侧时，要以30度角的方式刷牙。

And then when we're on the outsides of the teeth, we want to kind of brush at a 30 degree angle.

所以是旋转动作加上30度角。

So rotational movements and at a 30 degree angle.

不是90度垂直刷，而是稍微朝向牙龈边缘的角度。

So not straight like a 90 degree, but kind of towards the gum margin.

通过做圆周运动，我们实际上是在按摩牙龈，清除牙龈下的细菌，然后将其刷出来。

And by doing circular movements, we're essentially kind of massaging the gums and getting rid of the bacteria from under the gum and then flicking it out.

好的。

Okay.

对。

Yeah.

就像这样。

So just like that.

我经常告诉大家，刷牙时要有方法很重要。

And then I always tell everyone it's really important to kind of have a method behind your toothbrushing.

不要东刷一下西刷一下，这样永远刷不干净。

So don't go like brush and then go there and then up there, you know, because you'll never brush properly.

建议总是从左侧开始，先刷所有外侧，再刷咬合面，然后刷内侧，上牙也同样操作。

So always start, let's say, on the left hand side, go and do all the outsides and then do all the biting surfaces and then do all the insides and then do the same on the top teeth as well.

你面前还有另一个透明模型。

And that model there, you've got another model in front of you, which is like a see through model.

是的。

Yes.

那个模型展示了什么？

What does that show us?

这是向你展示种植体的样子。

So this is to show you what an implant looks like.

很多人不知道种植体长什么样，也不知道它在颌骨内是什么样子。

A lot of people don't know what implants look like, and how it looks like if it was within your jaw.

还有，所有牙根的样子。

Also, all the roots look like.

然后，如果你看另一侧，可以看到这颗牙齿内部有黑色部分。

And then also, if you look on the other side, you can see this tooth, which has the black within it.

对。

Yeah.

它的根部有个红色气泡状的东西。

And it's got like a red bubble at the root of it.

这是一颗做过根管治疗的牙齿，牙根处有感染。

So this is a tooth that's had a root canal done to it and has an infection at the roots of that tooth.

那就是脓肿。

So that's an abscess.

实际上很多人不知道那是什么样子。

And a lot of people don't actually know what that looks like.

他们只感觉到牙痛，但这就是他们颌骨里实际发生的牙痛情况。

They only feel toothache, but this is what toothache is actually in their jaw.

当我们牙齿长牙齿时——这个词用得对吗？

When our teeth get teeths is that the right word?

这是复数形式吗？

Is that a plural?

当我们牙齿...牙齿的复数是什么？

When our tooths what's the plural of teeth?

是teeth，不是tooths，对。

It's teeth, It's isn't teeth, yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

当牙齿染色时，我们通常会使用美白牙膏，或者去看牙医或洁牙师，请他们帮我们美白牙齿。

When our teeth get stained, we often do is we'll take some sort of whitening toothpaste or we'll go to a dentist or a hygienist or something and ask them to whiten our teeth.

我一直对此有些担心，因为美白行业肯定有其代价。

Now I've always been a bit scared of that because there must be a cost to this whitening industry.

我们真的应该美白牙齿吗？

Should we be whitening our teeth?

有没有健康的美白牙齿方法？

Is there any healthy way to whiten our teeth?

有。

Yes.

牙齿染色分为两种类型。

So you've got two different types of staining.

第一种是外源性染色。

One, which is extrinsic.

比如咖啡、茶和吸烟造成的，这类非常容易去除。

So that's basically your coffee, your tea, your smoking, super easy to get rid of.

你只需要去做洁牙，他们很快就能清除这些污渍。

You just have to go to your hygienist and get a hygiene done and they'll get rid of the stains pretty quickly.

或者你可以尝试美白牙膏。

Or you can try a whitening toothpaste.

但要非常小心那些美白牙膏，很多都具有较强研磨性，实际上会损伤牙釉质。

Be very careful with a lot of those whitening toothpaste because they can be quite abrasive and damage the enamel actually.

这有点像给牙齿去角质，但牙齿不会再生。

So it's kind of like exfoliating your teeth, but your teeth don't grow back.

如果长期持续去角质，不断磨损牙釉质表层，可能会造成严重问题。

So if you keep on exfoliating and getting rid of that surface layer of enamel over a long amount of time, that can be quite an issue and quite problematic.

你会牙齿敏感。

You get sensitive teeth.

是的，牙齿敏感，然后内层的牙齿会开始显露出来，那颜色相当黄。

Yeah, sensitive teeth, and then the underlying tooth will start to shine through, and that's quite yellow.

所以你实际上最终会做出与你初衷相反的效果。

So you actually start ending up doing the opposite of what you wanted to do.

然后是美白，这个应该找专业人士来做。

Then whitening, so you should do that professionally.

别随便在网上买非处方产品，因为很多时候它们要么浓度不对，要么真的会严重损害牙齿和牙龈。

Don't go and buy some over the counter online thing, because a lot of the time either they don't have the right percentages and they can actually damage the teeth and the gums really badly.

所以你需要找专业机构来做。

So you want to get that done professionally.

即便是专业领域，有些美白产品对牙齿非常有害，而另一些则对牙齿很好，要选择好的品牌。

If you get it done by a good brand, and even within the professional world, there are some whitening products out there which are really bad for the teeth and others which are actually really good for the teeth.

我们特别使用一款叫Enlighten的产品。

So we use one in particular, it's called Enlighten.

做一天美白对牙齿的影响相当于喝一杯可乐。

And the whitening for one day is the equivalent of having a Coca Cola.

想想看，我敢说每个人都喝过可乐。

So thinking about it, I mean, I'm sure everyone has had one Coca Cola in their life.

连续五六天每天喝一杯可乐，总体来说问题不大。

Having a Coca Cola every day for, let's say, five or six days is okay in the grand scheme of things.

这完全不会对你的牙齿造成严重伤害。

It's not going to massively damage your teeth at all.

好的。

Okay.

所以还是有安全的方法来

So there is safe ways to

要做吗？

do it?

是的。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

很好。

Good.

有没有什么方法可以自己清除牙菌斑，而不必去看牙科保健师？

And is there any way to remove plaque yourself without having to go to a dental hygienist?

你可以试试冲牙器。

So you can try a water flosser.

我刚买了一个，但感觉力度不够。

I just bought one of those things, but it doesn't feel powerful enough.

因为我去看保健师时，不知道他们用的什么设备，但感觉力度特别强

Because when I go to the hygienist, I don't know what they're using, but it like it like it's so strong

是啊。

Yeah.

强到感觉能把我的嘴冲飞。

That it like blasts my mouth off.

之后我的嘴感觉完全不同了。

My mouth feels so different after.

对。

Yeah.

我想知道能不能买一个那样的设备在家用。

And I wanted to know if I could buy one of those for my home.

但我

But I

我觉得有点危险。

think it's a little bit dangerous.

我认为冲牙器强度不高的原因在于，如果使用不当可能会损伤牙齿。

Well, the reason I think that the water flossers are not that high intensity is because people can damage their teeth if they don't use it correctly.

要知道有些补充剂可以减少牙菌斑的积累，而且效果相当显著。

So kind of know, there are some supplements that you can take to reduce the amount of plaque that builds up, and that actually does work quite effectively.

我是说，那边还有两个你没提到的。

I mean, what are you there were two more there.

你那一堆东西里还有几样我们没讨论过。

There's a couple more things there that you have in your pile that we not talked about.

这些是益生菌。

These are probiotics.

好的。

Okay.

回到微生物组话题，益生菌本质上就是有益细菌。

So going back to our microbiome, probiotics are basically good bacteria.

并非人人都需要，但益生菌能为微生物组补充有益菌群。

So not everyone needs them, but a probiotic essentially will put good bacteria into the microbiome.

只要生存环境适宜，这些细菌就能持续繁殖。

And if it's got the right environment to live in, then it will continue to grow there, basically.

如果你饮食得当

If you're eating the right

没错，如果摄入合适的食物，比如各种益生元，效果会非常好。

things and Exactly, if you're eating the right things, you've got prebiotics, know, all of those types of things, then this will be really effective.

所以这是两种不同选择。

So these are two different options.

这是漱口水。

This is a mouthwash.

再次强调，在我们研发的ORILIS一号微生物组检测中，我们会分析所有有益菌的水平，然后根据你缺乏的有益菌种类推荐相应的益生菌。

And again, on the microbiome test that we've created, ORILIS one, we look at all the levels of good bacteria and then we'll recommend a probiotic based on what good bacteria you are missing.

事实上我们很多人天生基因里就缺乏某些肠道有益菌，所以补充这些菌群真的很有益处。

So a lot of us are actually genetically, we've been born without certain good bacteria in our microbiomes, and so this is really lovely to supplement them.

这是一款漱口水，但它是粉末状的。

So this is, it's a mouthwash, but it's in a powder form.

取一茶匙粉末与水混合，这会激活益生菌活性，然后你漱口后将其吞咽下去。

So you take a teaspoon, you mix it with some water, and that activates the probiotic, and then you rinse it around and you swallow it.

所以这对肠道来说是种二合一的产品。

So it's a kind of a two in one for your gut.

这是片剂形式的药丸。

This is a pill, so it's a tablet.

你可以咀嚼后再吞咽。

You chew it and then you can swallow it.

这个使用起来也超级方便，我也非常喜欢。

So this is super easy too, and I love these as well.

非常容易使用。

Very easy to use.

维多利亚，今天我们还有什么重要话题没谈到但本应该讨论的？

Victoria, what's the most important thing that we haven't talked about today that we should have talked about today?

唯一我觉得你没提到但对观众很有用的是吸管的使用技巧。

The only thing that I think you haven't mentioned that your viewers might benefit from is the use of straws.

使用吸管对饮用含糖或酸性饮品非常重要。

Straws are very, very important to use for sugar and also for acid.

用吸管喝饮料能有效避开牙齿接触。

So drinking through a straw actually helps you bypass all of your teeth.

这样当你饮用酸性、高糖或易染色的饮品时，液体会绕过牙齿直接进入喉咙吞咽。

So if you're having something acidic or really sugary or even something staining, then it bypasses the teeth and goes straight to back of your throat so you can swallow it.

这有助于降低牙齿磨损和染色的风险。

So this helps reduces your chance of decay of tooth wear and also staining as well.

但具体来说，如果对你有害——因为我相信口腔微生物群中有些有益成分是你希望保留的。

But specifically if it's bad for you because you I'm sure there's some things which are good for the oral microbiome that you do wanna be in the mouth.

是的。

Yes.

对。

Yeah.

没错。

Yeah.

所以如果你在服用益生菌之类的，那当然很好。

So if you're taking your probiotics or whatever, then of course, those are great.

比如说，你知道，我也是普通人。

Like, for example, you know, I'm human.

我偶尔也喜欢喝可乐，这时我就会用吸管。

I like a nice Coca Cola once in a while, and I'll drink it through a straw.

喝酒时我也会用吸管，除非是葡萄酒。

Or if I have alcohol, I'll also drink that through a straw as long as it's not wine.

那吸烟和电子烟呢？

What about smoking and vaping?

是的，吸烟和电子烟都对口腔微生物群有害。

So, yes, smoking and vaping, neither of them are good for the oral microbiome.

这要回到口干的问题。

It goes back to dry mouth.

吸烟会导致口腔干燥，唾液分泌不足，无法发挥正常功能。

So smoking will dry your mouth out, and then you don't have the saliva, and the saliva can't do what it wants to.

它会阻碍血管化，即减少口腔的血液供应。

It stops vascularization, so it stops blood flow to your mouth.

因此许多吸烟者实际上不会出现牙龈出血的情况。

And so a lot of smokers actually will not have bleeding gums.

这并不意味着他们没有牙龈疾病，而是因为他们吸烟过多，尼古丁导致血管已经非常紧缩。

That doesn't mean that they don't have gum disease, but because they are smoking so much, the blood vessels are already really tight and constricted from the nicotine.

所以他们即使患有牙龈疾病，也从不出现牙龈出血。

So they don't ever get bleeding gums, even though they have gum disease.

第三点是，我们知道吸烟与牙龈疾病密切相关，是牙龈疾病最大的风险因素之一。

And then the third thing is that actually we know that smoking is very strongly associated, one of the biggest risk factors for gum disease.

如果有人现在对自己的微生物组和你们的工作感到好奇，想要了解更多、进行检查，或者解决由不健康微生物组引起或导致的问题，最简单的切入点是什么？

If someone's now curious about their own microbiome and the work that you're doing, what is the sort of easiest entry point to learn more to get themselves checked or to, I don't know, to resolve some of the issues that are causal or a consequence of having an unhealthy microbiome?

他们该从哪里开始？

Where do they start?

他们如何找到你们？

How do they find you?

我们在伦敦市中心有一家名为'健康协会'的诊所。

We have a clinic in Central London called the Health Society.

我们大约一年半前开业，目标是让口腔回归身体整体，向患者解释他们口腔中发生的具体情况。

We opened about a year and a half ago now, and our aim was to put the mouth back into the body to explain to patients exactly what's going on in their mouth.

我们可以通过微生物组检测和其他唾液检测来实现这一点。

And we can do that through microbiome testing, other saliva tests.

我们会检查您的血糖水平和维生素D水平。

We look at your blood glucose levels, your vitamin D levels.

我们提供多种套餐服务，包括红外线桑拿和营养师咨询。

We've got packages, we have an infrared sauna, we have a nutritionist.

我们的理念是团队协作，因为我发现的问题是患者虽然想了解口腔状况并希望优化，但对牙科知识的理解有限。

And the idea is that we're working all together because one of the issues I was seeing was that patients, they want to understand what's going on in their mouth and they want to optimize it, but they don't understand a lot of what dentistry is all about.

过去我们生活的世界里，牙医只会说：'你需要补两颗牙，你有牙龈疾病，而且你没有好好刷牙。'

We used to live in a world where the dentist would say, okay, you need two fillings and you've got gum disease and you're not brushing your teeth.

事情就这样结束了。

And that was the end of it.

你只需听从他们的建议，就能完成工作。

And you would just listen to them and you'd get your work done.

但现在我们正努力从根本上解析牙科知识，并用患者能理解的方式解释。

But now we are trying to essentially decode dentistry and explain it in a way that patients can understand.

所以我想说，虽然我有偏见，但欢迎来诊所，我们可以解释一切。

So I would say, I'm biased, but come over, come to the clinic, we can explain everything.

或者你可以做口腔微生物检测，真正了解自己携带的细菌、基因突变、炎症情况，以及应该开始使用哪些产品。

Or you can do an oral microbiome test and you can actually understand yourself what bacteria, what genetic mutations you have, what inflammation you have, what products you should start using.

然后根据这些结果，选择你需要时想去的牙医进行治疗。

And then based on that, on what dentist you want to go to for any treatment if needed.

如果我在澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰或美国，我能做什么？

What if I'm in Australia or Canada or New Zealand or America, what can I do?

我们实际上正在向所有这些国家推广口腔微生物检测。

So we're actually rolling out the oral microbiome test to all of those countries.

所以你现在就可以购买这项服务。

So you can actually buy at the moment through that.

你只需要给我们发邮件。

You just have to email us.

但除此之外，并非只有我一人这么做。

But otherwise, I'm not the only one.

还有其他人也在从事这类牙科实践，并以这种方式思考。

There are other people who are doing this type of dentistry and are thinking in this type of way.

所以你需要做些调查研究。

So you would have to do a little bit of research.

不过或许你可以先关注我的Instagram，我可以提供些顶级建议

But I guess maybe follow me on Instagram and I can And give some top

如果我们十年后坐在这里，你希望世界在口腔微生物组方面、人们对相关法规的理解上呈现怎样的面貌？

if we sit here in ten years time, what are you hoping the world looks like as it relates to the oral microbiome, people's understanding of the regulations?

你希望实现什么？

What are you hoping for?

如果你能挥动魔法棒。

If you could wave a wand.

我希望口腔能被重新纳入人体整体健康体系，即牙科与医学实现完全融合。

I am hoping that the mouth is put back into the body in the sense that dentistry and medicine are fully integrated within each other.

这样你去看牙医时可以做唾液检测，它能预警心脏问题或糖尿病风险，然后你就可以去咨询糖尿病专家。

So you can go to your dentist and you can get a saliva test, and that could flag up issues with your heart or diabetes, and you will go and see your diabetologist.

我们将所有环节紧密连接。

And we link everything together.

另一个梦想是人们开始进行唾液检测，并理解血液并非我们了解体内状况的唯一途径。

Also, other dream is that people start testing their saliva and they understand that, you know, blood is not the only way that we can understand things that are going on within our body.

你刚才听到的是往期节目中最常被回放的片段。

What you just listened to was a most replayed moment from a previous episode.

如果想收听完整节目，我已将链接放在下方。

If you want to listen to that full episode, I've linked it down below.

查看描述栏。

Check the description.

谢谢。

Thank you.