最常回放片段：为钱发愁？Nischa的财务安全分步指南

所以，如果现在有人在听这个，并且他们对这种‘有点回避’的状态感同身受——他们没有明确的计划，只是领工资、付账单，然后等着下一次发薪日。

So if someone's listening to this right now and they resonate with this idea of they're slightly avoidant, they don't really have a plan, they're kind of just they get paid, they they they answer their bills and then they wait wait till the next payday.

他们并没有有意识地管理自己的钱。

They're not being intentional with their money.

重新掌控局面的第一步是什么？

Is there a step one in taking back control?

我建议你做的第一件事，也是最重要的一步，是建立一个安心基金。

The very first thing, number one, that I would say to do is build a peace of mind fund.

一个安心基金。

A peace of mind fund.

这跟数学无关。

This is not about maths.

这并不是数学上最优化的做法，但它是一种心理上的需求。

It's not the mathematically optimal thing to do, but it is a psychological.

因为正如我们讨论过的，金钱不仅关乎数字，更关乎情绪。

Because as we've discussed, money is as much about emotions as it is about numbers.

所以，我建议你查看过去三十天的银行对账单，精确计算出你一个月的生活开销。

So what I'd say is go through the last thirty days of your bank statements and calculate exactly how much it costs for one month of your living.

无论是房贷、房租、水电费、账单、最低还款额、车贷，只要是这些费用的总和，就是你想要存入安心基金的金额。

So mortgage, rent, utilities, bills, minimum debt payments, car payments, whatever that total is, that's the amount that you wanna saved up for your peace of mind fund.

好的。

Okay.

所以我要查看我过去三十天的账单。

So I go through my last thirty days of my bills.

我发现这些开销总共花了，比如说一千美元。

I find out that it's cost me, let's say, thousand dollars.

好的。

Okay.

这就是你核心生活开销的一个月金额。

That's one month of your core living expenses.

是的。

Yeah.

所以我需要存1000美元。

So I need to save $1,000.

你不需要把它投资出去。

You don't need to invest it.

你也不需要把它存起来。

You don't need to save it.

你不需要，这并不是为了度假。

You don't need to it's not for a holiday.

你存这笔钱的原因是，当生活最擅长的事情发生——比如突然给你来个措手不及时，你能确保自己应对得当。

The reason why you wanna save this is because when life does what it does best, which is throw curveballs, you wanna make sure that you have it handled.

如果锅炉坏了，或者周一早上车子抛锚了，你最不希望的，就是在处理这些麻烦的同时，还要为如何支付费用而焦虑。

If a boiler broke, breaks, your car dies on a Monday morning, the last thing you want on top of the stress of dealing with that thing is the financial stress of how you're gonna pay for it.

嗯。

Mhmm.

这就是这笔钱的作用。

That's what this thing covers.

它告诉你：我内心平静。

It tells you, I've got peace of mind.

无论生活给我什么打击，我都能应对。

Whatever life throws at me, I can handle it.

存下一个月的生活开销，能让你领先于59%的美国人和30%的英国人。

And saving that one month of living costs puts you ahead of 59% of Americans and 30% of people living in The UK.

不幸的是，59%的美国人无法支付1000美元的突发开销，而30%的英国人如果遇到意外，也无法负担一个月的生活费用。

59% of Americans unfortunately can't pay for a $1,000 expense And 30% of people in The UK can't cover one month of the living expenses if something happened.

在这方面，第二步是什么？

What is step two in that regard?

第二步，这时候我们开始进入数学上的最优方案。

Step two, this is where we do move into the mathematical optimal thing.

这就是你要切断财务上的流失。

This is you cut the financial bleeding.

好的。

Okay.

我的意思是，经常有人问我，尼莎，我银行账户里有四千零五千美元。

And what I mean by that is I get so many times people ask me, Nischa, I have 4,005 thousand sitting in my bank account.

我该拿它怎么办？

What should I do with it?

我第一个会问他们的问题是：你有没有高利率的债务？

And my first question back to them is, do you have any high interest rate debt?

因为如果你有2000美元的储蓄，年收益4%，但同时又有利率20%的信用卡债务，那你亏的钱比赚的还多。

Because if you have savings of $2,000 earning 4%, but you also have credit card debt at 20%, you're leaking money more than you're making it.

这就像往一个有洞的桶里倒水，还奇怪为什么它装不满。

It's like pouring water into a bucket with holes in it and wondering why it's not gonna fill up.

所以你要做的是，把你所有的债务按利率从高到低列出来。

So what you wanna do is you wanna take all of your debt that you have, rank it from highest to lowest.

按利率排序。

In terms of interest.

按利率高低。

In terms of interest rate.

然后，对于利率高于8%的债务，你首先要支付所有债务的最低还款额。

And then everything above eight percent, you you wanna make minimum payments across everything first.

接着，对于利率高于8%的债务，你要把多余的储蓄优先投入到利率最高的债务上，然后按顺序依次处理。

And then everything above 8%, you wanna throw your extra savings into the highest interest rate first, to the debt with the highest interest rate, and then move down in that order.

利率是按月计算还是按年计算？

And interest rate, is that paid monthly or yearly?

按月计算。

It's paid monthly.

按月计算。

Paid monthly.

如果我有一笔1000英镑的信用卡贷款，利率是10%，是的。

So if I have a thousand pound loan on a credit card and the interest rate is 10% Yeah.

我每月要支付100英镑。

I'm paying a £100.

按月支付。

Paid monthly.

一年下来，他们要支付100英镑。

Over the year, they're gonna pay a 100.

好的。

Okay.

但这笔钱是分摊到每月支付的，前提是他们没有继续在这张信用卡上透支。

But that's split out into monthly payments, assuming that they're not drawing down more on that credit card.

你反对使用信用卡吗？

Are you against credit cards?

如果你正确使用信用卡，它们是非常好的。

Credit cards are good if you're using them the right way.

如果你正确使用，信用卡真的非常好。

Really good if you're using them in the right way.

这意味着你利用的积分、获得的奖励以及由此带来的优惠，都非常有帮助，前提是你每个月都能全额还清。

And that means the points that you're using, the rewards that you get for it, the bonuses that you get from it, all really helpful only if you're paying them off in full every single month.

如果你不这么做，或者没有以这种方式使用，而这恰恰是他们希望你做的，因为他们希望你错过还款——因为信用卡公司就是靠你的逾期还款赚钱的。

If you're not using that or if you're not doing it in that way, which is kind of what they want you to do because they want you to miss these payments because that's how credit card companies make money, by your missed payments.

如果你不这么做，那么这些好处就根本不值得。

If you're not doing that, then the benefits just don't weigh up.

好的。

Okay.

这没有意义。

It doesn't make sense.

使用信用卡，但要以对你有利而非对信用卡公司有利的方式使用。

Use credit cards, but use it in a way that stacks up in your favor, not in the credit card company's favor.

这几乎有点矛盾：你会使用信用卡，但前提是你能负担得起使用信用卡。

It's almost paradoxical that you'd use a credit card, but only if you can afford to use a credit card.

这就是对的。

That's the yeah.

你得好好想想。

You gotta you gotta think about it.

我能不能用现金全额支付这个东西？

Can I can I pay for this thing outright in cash?

如果我能负担得起，我就可以用信用卡支付这笔费用。

If I can, then I can ship it on my credit card.

这就是个例外：如果你用它来赚钱、医疗或教育，那是合理的，但除此之外，除非它能为你赚钱，否则你就应该这么想。

And that's the the anomaly is property if you're using it to make money, health care, education, but for anything else, unless it's making you money, yeah, you that's the way you wanna think about it.

否则，它确实会促使你额外消费。

Cause it does encourage extra spending otherwise.

好的。

Okay.

所以我会用任何多余的现金先还清高利率的债务。

So I'm gonna pay off my high interest debts first with any spare cash that I have.

是的。

Yeah.

第三点是什么？

What's number three?

第三点是建立你的应急资金。

Number three is build your emergency buffer.

好的。

Okay.

这是我们在第一步中已经计算出的核心生活开支。

So this is your core living expenses that we've already calculated in step one.

然后你要将这个数额乘以三。

And you wanna times that by three.

如果你是单身，且收入稳定。

If you are single, you have predictable income.

或者你想乘以六。

Or you wanna times it by six.

如果你是家庭支柱，有房贷，且收入不稳定。

If you are head of household, you have a mortgage, you have unpredictable income.

这就是你的应急储备金。

That's your emergency cushion.

它能帮你应对重大的生活变故。

And it protects you from the bigger life things.

这是你最想做的第三件事。

It's very, it's the third thing you wanna do.

如果你失业、遭遇健康危机，或者需要照顾家人，这笔储蓄能为你争取时间。

It protects you if you lose your job, if you have a health scare, if there are dependents that you need to care for, this kind of buys you that time.

但先锋基金的一项有趣研究显示，储蓄三到六个月的生活开支，对情绪健康的提升，远超过收入超过20万美元。

But there's really interesting research from Vanguard that actually showed saving three to six months of your living expenses does more for your emotional well-being than earning over 200 ks.

所以，再次强调，就是那份安心。

So just the peace of mind again.

这就是余地。

It's that breathing room.

是的，银行账户里有三到六个月的缓冲空间。

Yeah, three to six months of breathing room in your bank account.

这确实能带来改变。

It just moves the needle.

这是安心、是保障、是稳定，是人类最基本的需求之一。

It's the peace of mind, it's the security, it's the stability, One of the core human needs.

这很有趣，因为我们之前一直在考虑如何赚更多钱、收入更高，总是追逐下一个数字。

And it's interesting because we were kind of looking at making more money and earning more and we're chasing the next number.

但实际上，现阶段对我们的财务福祉影响最大、最能带来改变的，是存下三到六个月的生活开支。

And actually the thing that's gonna have the biggest impact or move the needle on our financial well-being is at this stage, having that three to six months of living expenses saved up.

这一切都是相对的，归根结底。

It's all relative, At the end of the day.

当你不知道这个月的房租能不能付得起，不知道能不能养活自己时，那种压力巨大——而更糟糕的是，你心里隐隐知道，如果真出什么事，你就完蛋了。

So if, and it's incredibly stressful and I've been there when you don't know if you can pay this month's rent, you don't know if you can feed yourself, but also the sort of back of the mind knowledge that if something were to happen, you'd be screwed.

这种生活方式压力大得惊人。

It's incredibly stressful way to live.

你甚至可能没有意识到自己正承受着压力，但你就是能感受到它。

And you might not even realize the stress consciously, but you might just feel it.

它可能只是你生活中的一种隐隐不安。

It might just be an angst in your life.

是的。

Yeah.

这一点适用于任何收入水平，即使是年收入六位数却月月光、没有应急储备的人。

And I this applies at any income level, even people earning 6 figures who are living paycheck to paycheck, who don't have that emergency buffer in place.

他们依然有这种焦虑。

They have that anxiety.

同样，这份报告还显示，在调查对象中，那些拥有三到六个月应急资金的人，工作效率更高，因为他们知道自己没有财务压力。

And also that same report showed that having that three to six months with the people that they surveyed, their productivity at work was better just from knowing that they didn't have that financial stress.

我认识一些百万富翁，他们手头有很多钱，但处境却类似——因为每月的开销也高达数百万，所以他们依然感到压力和焦虑。

I know millionaires, people that have a lot of money that are in a similar position in the sense of they are stressed and anxious because their overheads are also in the millions every month.

虽然收入很多，但支出也很大。

And there's a lot of money coming in, but there's lot of money going out.

所以他们有时也仅仅离破产一两个月的距离。

So they're still sometimes just one or two months away from being at zero.

是的。

Yeah.

这是一种不同的压力，因为他们的主观体验和日常生活质量更好。

It's a different type of stress because their subjective experience and lifestyle is better, on a day to day.

但有趣的是，这其实与你的支出密切相关。

But it's interesting that it's it's really relative to your your outgoings.

没错。

Exactly.

那第四点是什么呢？

What's the what's the fourth point then?

到目前为止，我有第一个：一个安心基金，相当于一个月的开销。

So I've got so far, I've got have a peace of mind fund, which is one month's expenses.

第二点是还清高利率债务。

Number two is pay off high interest rate debt.

第三点是建立应急基金，如果你是单身，就存三个月的月支出；如果你有伴侣且有其他人依赖你，就存六个月的月支出。

Number three is build an emergency fund, which is three times your monthly expenses if you're single and six times if you're in a relationship and there's people depending on you.

是的。

Yeah.

实际上，大多数人就停留在这里。

Most people actually stay here.

好的。

Okay.

很多人只是不停地存钱，存钱，存钱，存钱，存钱。

A lot of people just save, save, save, save, save.

在我们进入第四步之前，我想说，如果你在存钱，那你只应该为了两件事存钱。

And I just wanna before we move on to step four, I wanna say that if you're saving, you only wanna save for one of two things.

应急基金和PISA基金，也就是我们之前提到的养老基金。

The emergency fund and the PISA fund, my age fund that we spoke about.

第二件事是为未来五年内的任何目标存钱，比如买房首付、买车首付。

And the second thing is for any goals that you have with the next five years, whether that's a house deposit, car pay, car deposit.

除此之外，你不应该把钱只是存着。

Other than that, you don't wanna be saving that money.

如果你只是把钱存在银行账户里，通货膨胀会更快地侵蚀它的价值。

It's gonna be the value is going to be eaten away quicker with inflation if you're just keeping it saved in a bank account.

所以，当你做到这一步时，就应该进入第四步：投资。

So that's when you wanna move on to step four, and that is investing.

好的。

Okay.

所以你不想存钱，也不希望存得过多。

So you don't wanna save you don't wanna oversave.

你不想存得过多。

You don't wanna oversave.

要知道何时停止储蓄，开始投资。

Know when to stop saving and start investing.

那么，什么时候该开始投资并停止储蓄呢？

And when does one start investing and stop saving?

在他们存够了三到六个月的生活开支之后。

After they've saved the three to six months of their living expenses.

好的。

Okay.

这是第三步。

That's the third step.

到那时，一旦他们完成了第一步到第三步，就是这个时候了。

At that point, once they've done step one to three, this is the point.

我之所以这么说，史蒂文，是因为如果你在完成第一步到第三步之前就开始投资，而你的储蓄还没准备好，市场一旦下跌，你又遇到紧急情况，你就不得不

And the reason why I say this, Steven, is because if if you start investing before you've got from steps one to three and you don't have your savings set aside and the market goes down and you have an emergency, you're gonna have

把钱取出来。

to pull

在亏损的情况下取出这笔钱。

that money out at a loss.

是的。

Yeah.

或者你不得不借钱，这就是为什么第二步是切断财务出血。

Or you're gonna have to go into debt, which is why that was step two, cut the financial bleeding.

所以在考虑投资之前，完成第一步到第三步真的非常重要。

So it's really important to have steps one to three done before you even think about investing.

好的。

Okay.

那三到六个月是你基本生活开支。

Those three to six months is your core living expenses.

所以，别考虑你热爱的那些开销，或者让生活美好的那些花费。

So it's forget all your spending on the things that you love or the things that make life good.

只考虑你生存绝对必需的东西。

It's just the things that you need to absolutely survive.

因为如果你丢了工作，你不会出去派对或大手大脚花钱。

Because if you do lose your job, you're not gonna be out partying and spending loads of money.

你会想，好吧，我怎么支付接下来三个月的账单？

You're gonna think, okay, how do I pay my bills for the next three months?

是的。

Mhmm.

我怎么撑过下一个月？

How do I survive for the next month?

这笔钱就是用来应对这些情况的。

That's the thing that's gonna cover that off.

好的。

Okay.

太好了。

Great.

是的。

Yeah.

这可不是曼联的季票或者路易威登的夹克。

So it's not like the season ticket at Manchester United or the Louis Vuitton jackets.

不是。

It's No.

不是。

No.

只是支付你的账单、食物和基本生存需求。

It's just you're you're you're heating your bills, your food, survival.

是的。

Yeah.

所以第四点是投资吗？

So number four is investing?

第四点是投资。

Number four is investing.

一段时间以来，我们一直听到‘为退休储蓄’这个说法。

For a while, we've heard of the phrase save for retirement.

是的。

Yeah.

为退休储蓄。

Saving for retirement.

你靠储蓄是无法实现退休目标的。

You cannot save your way to retirement.

考虑到生活成本的上涨、通货膨胀的加剧，以及等到你退休时养老所需费用的飙升，单靠储蓄是远远不够的。

With the way cost of living is going, with the way inflation is going, with price of retirement is going to cost by the time you get there, saving is just not enough.

你必须让你的钱去投资。

You have to be investing your money.

你可以通过两种主要方式来投资。

And there are two main ways that you can invest.

但在我说这些之前，人们都知道应该投资，却不去做。

But before I even say that, people know that they should be investing, but they don't do it.

他们总说明天、下周或明年再做。

They say I'll do it tomorrow or next week or next year.

或者等我有钱了。

Or when I'm rich.

或者等我有钱了。

Or when I'm rich.

等他们真的开始投资时，已经错过了对他们来说最强大的利器——时间。

And then by the time they do start, they've missed out on the most powerful lever that they had going for them, which is time.

在投资中，这是最重要的因素之一，因为当你用小额定期投入开始投资时，它会随着时间不断复利增长。

That is one of the most important things when it comes to investing because of the way when you start investing with small recurring amounts, it just compounds over time.

在投资方面，尽早、经常投入是关键，主要有两种投资途径。

Early, often when it comes to investing, there's two avenues to invest through.

第一种是通过雇主提供的退休账户进行投资。

The first is through your employer sponsored retirement account.

第二种是通过你自己个人的税收优惠账户进行投资。

And the second is through your own individual tax advantaged account.

那这两者分别是什么？

What are those two things?

第一种是通过你的雇主进行的。

The first is done through your employer.

所以，他们会代表你进行投资。

So what they do is they invest on behalf of you.

在英国，你会被自动纳入这个计划。

In The UK, you're automatically enrolled into it.

在美国，你需要咨询人力资源部门，自己申请加入。

In The US, you'll have to check with your HR and get yourself enrolled into it.

这种方式是：你的公司会在支付你工资或把钱打入你的银行账户之前，先扣除一小部分比例（你可以自行决定金额），并以税前的方式为你进行投资。

And what this does is your company, before it pays you or puts money into your bank account, it takes a small percentage, you could decide how much, and it puts it towards investments for you, on behalf of you, pretax.

所以你不需要为这笔钱缴税，而是将其存入投资账户，这笔钱会免税复利增长。

So you're not paying tax on that amount, you're putting into an investment account and then that money is compounding for you pretax.

所有雇主都这样做吗？

Do all employers do this?

大多数雇主都会这么做。

Most employers do it.

并不是所有雇主都提供这项福利。

Not all employers do it.

有些雇主会提供匹配供款，也就是说，如果你存入一笔钱，他们也会按相同金额为你存入。

And some employers have a match, which means if you put some money in, they will also match that amount that you're putting in.

那我怎么知道我的雇主是否提供这项福利？

So how do I know if one employee does this?

去问问你的HR。

Check with your HR.

有没有上限？

And is there a cap?

他们匹配的金额是有上限的。

There is a cap to how much they will match.

是的。

Yeah.

比如，如果他们最多匹配3%，那你就要存入3%。

So say if they match up to 3%, then you wanna put in the 3%.

但你当然可以继续存更多，不过在现阶段，你甚至不需要超过匹配额度。

But then you could keep going, but at this stage, you don't even need to go over the match at this point of the the steps.

你只需要存够足以获得匹配的金额，因为这样你能享受税收优惠，还能额外获得雇主计划提供的免费资金。

You just wanna put in enough to meet that match because you're getting the tax benefit, and then you're also getting free money from your sponsored plan on top of that.

别让这笔钱白白溜走。

You don't wanna leave that on the table.

我什么时候可以取出这笔钱？

And when can I pull that money out?

等你退休的时候。

When you retire at retirement.

这都是为了你的退休生活。

So this is for your retirement.

你在为未来的自己着想。

You're looking after your future self.

这是今天的你为未来的你播下种子。

It's today's you planting seeds for future you.

这就是这一切的意义。

That's what this is about.

那那些说退休还远着呢的人怎么办？

What about people that say, listen, retirement's a long way away?

是的。

Yeah.

你知道的。

You know?

我会变成多大年纪？65岁，75岁？

I I'm I'm gonna be, what, 65, 75?

这只是太遥远了。

It's just a long way away.

我想现在就过上好日子。

I wanna live a good I wanna live it up now.

是的。

Yeah.

我明白。

I'm sure.

我不想把钱存进一个五十年后才能取出来的盒子。

I don't wanna be putting money in a box that I can't open for fifty years.

你想现在就把钱花掉，享受美好生活？

And you wanna spend the money now to live the good life?

美好的

The good

生活。

life.

关于金钱，最重要的是清楚自己想要什么，然后确保你的金钱支持这些决定。

The most important thing when it comes to money is understanding what you want and then making sure your money backs those decisions.

我这么说是因为，当我参加研究生项目时，我们团队里有两个非常不同的人。

And I say this because when I was in the graduate scheme, there were two very different people who worked in my team.

坐在我正对面长椅上的第一个人，每天开着法拉利来上班。周一早上，当我们聊起周末做了什么时，他会谈论他尝试过的米其林星级餐厅、临时决定的意大利之旅，而他的电脑屏幕壁纸则是他下一辆想买的车。

And the first person who sat opposite me on the bank of seats in front of me, he used to come in in his Ferrari and he, on Monday morning, when we're talking about what we did over our weekend, what we did on the weekend, he'll talk about the Michelin star restaurants he tried, last minute trip to Italy and his computer screen was the next car that he wanted.

而在我左边的是菲尔，他后来成了我的导师。

And on my left was Phil who later become my mentor.

他带着自制的午餐来上班。

And he came in with his packed lunch.

他总是穿着同一套衬衫和领带组合，我甚至能凭记忆画出来。

He wore the same shirt tie combo that I could probably remember and sketch it from memory.

他也有假期和 vacations，但他对这些安排要挑剔得多。

And he had his holidays, he had his vacations, but he was lot more selective about them.

当时我没看出来，但现在我清楚地意识到，他们追求的是截然不同的东西。

And I didn't see it at the time, but now it's so clear to me that they were chasing very different things.

坐在我对面的那个人，追求的是美好的生活、故事、地位和回忆，这些对他很重要，他也为此努力了。

The person opposite me, he was chasing this good life, the stories, the status, the memories, and that was important to him and he went for it.

但菲尔不同，我来洛杉矶之前刚去拜访过他，他和妻子、两个孩子，还有他们的狗，住在乡下的家里。

But Phil, and I visited him just before I came to LA, him, his wife, his two kids, dogs in their countryside home.

他正在享受退休生活。

And he was enjoying the retired life.

他热爱生活。

He was loving life.

他买下了自己真正想要的东西：提前退休、自由、时间与选择。

He bought what he wanted, which was early retirement, freedom, time, choice.

两种道路都没有错，但这两条路，这两个人，都必须做出一系列权衡。

Neither path is wrong, but both paths, both people required taking a series of trade offs.

两人都需要做出一些牺牲。

Both had to make some sacrifices.

我认为，这就是人们常常忽略的地方。

And I think that's the thing that people miss.

有时候，面对眼前的事物，答应下来实在太容易了，因为好处就在那里。

Sometimes it's so easy to say yes to the thing right in front of you because the benefit is there.

好处是立竿见影的。

The benefit is immediate.

你并没有意识到，将来你会错过什么。

You don't realize what you're going to miss out on later on in life.

所以那个被你比作开法拉利的人，他做出了哪些权衡？

So the guy that was set up as you with the Ferrari, what was the trade offs he was making?

他可能最终会一直工作到攒够退休金为止。

He was probably going to be end up working for the until he had retirement money to spend.

他会把一生都耗在银行业，但会过得风光体面，却不会有自由、选择和时间，因为他的支出和收入正好相等。

He was gonna spend his life at banking, but he was gonna live it big, but he wouldn't have the freedom, the choice, the time because his spending and his income matched each other.

是的。

Mhmm.

所以我想对那些说‘我就想活得精彩’的人说一句。

And so what I wanna just say is for anyone saying, oh, I just wanna live it big.

我想享受这笔钱。

I wanna enjoy the money.

弄清楚对你来说最重要的是什么，并确保你的金钱选择支持这个决定，因为错误的选择并不是选错了路。

Find out what is the thing that's most important to you and make sure yours your money choices stack that decision because the wrong choice isn't choosing the wrong path.

而是根本不知道你其实本可以选择。

It's just not knowing that you even had a choice in this whole thing.

你觉得坐在你对面开法拉利的那个人有没有任何不安全感？

Do you think the guy that sat opposite you with the Ferrari was in any way insecure?

有没有寻求认同的成分？

Was there an element of seeking validation?

也许有。

There might have been.

是的，也许有。

Yeah, there might have been.

那可能正是让他感到快乐的原因。

That might have been what made him happy.

但我认为，更重要的是缺乏自我觉察，如果这让他快乐，那当然没问题。

But I think it's also not having the self awareness to if that made him happy, then by all means.

但如果这并没有让他快乐，很多人都是这样，包括我，我也经历过，我确实做过。

But if it didn't make him happy, and a lot of people do this, me included, I've gone through this, I've done it.

当你不知道什么能让你快乐时，你最终只会去做那些能带来外部认可的事情。

When you don't know what makes you happy, you end up just doing things that gets you that external validation.

对有些人来说，可能意味着：好吧，我其实真的享受这辆新车。

And for some people it might mean, okay, you know what, I actually do enjoy this new car.

它确实给我带来了快乐。

It does bring me happiness.

但对其他人来说，这可能只是一种假象，后来他们才意识到，其实根本没人关心。

But for others it might just be a facade And later on in life, they just realized that actually no one really cared.

唯一在乎的人是我自己。

The only person who cared was me.

虽然我做这些是为了别人，但现在我意识到，为此我不得不做出的所有妥协。

And although I did it for other people, it's now I realize that all the trade offs I had to make as a result of it.

因为快乐和外部认可就像表亲。

Because happiness and external validation, they're like cousins.

是的。

Yeah.

但它们并不是同一个人。

But they're not the same guy.

你明白我的意思吗？

Do you know what I mean?

它们看起来像是同一家族的，但其中一个就像是那个有问题的兄弟。

They're like they look they're kind of like of the same family, but one of them's the like dysfunctional sibling.

但它们看起来挺像的，你知道吧？

But they kinda look the same, you know?

是的。

Yeah.

你看到那个开法拉利的人，就会想，他一定很快乐。

You look at that guy in his in his Ferrari, you go, he must be happy.

他进来了，脸上可能带着微笑，因为他正在谈论他的法拉利。

He And comes in and he's probably got a smile on his face because he's talking about his Ferrari.

是的，是的，是的。

Yeah, yeah, yeah.

我想，他就是靠这个建立起了自己的一切。

And that's what he's built himself on, I guess.

但我不确定那是不是真正的幸福。

But I don't know if that's happiness.

你知道，那个没有法拉利的人可能反而更……

You know, the guy without the Ferrari might be

我认为，普遍来说，大多数人想要的是自由、选择和时间。

I think universally, most people, what they want is the freedom and the choice and the time.

我觉得更多人追求的是这些，而这些比任何身份象征更能让人幸福。

I think more people are after that and that can make more people happier than any status symbol.

因为当你最终走上用购物来获得快乐的道路时，你就踏上了享乐适应的 treadmill，不断购买下一件、再下一件、再下一件东西。

Because when you do end up going down the route of buying something to make you happy, you're on a hedonic treadmill, but then buying the next thing and the next thing and the next thing.

你会获得这些短暂的快乐时刻。

And you get those spikes of happiness.

真正的持久而充实的幸福是不存在的。

There never is really long lasting fulfilling happiness.

所以，第一个投资策略是向你的雇主了解他们的投资计划。

So investing strategy number one is asking your employer about their investment scheme.

查明你的雇主是否提供退休计划，并确保你的投入足够达到公司匹配的额度。

Finding out if your employer has, yeah, a project retirement plan and making sure that you're invested into it enough to cover the match that they offer.

第二个策略是什么？

What's strategy number two?

第二个策略是个人税收优惠投资账户。

The strategy number two is your own individual tax advantaged investment account.

这在英国就是ISA。

This is the ISA in The UK.

你用税后收入将资金投入这个投资账户，然后资金会随着时间免税增长。

And this is where you put your own money after tax into an investment account, and then the money grows over time tax free.

所以当你在五年、十年或退休时取出资金时，在英国你可以免税提取这些钱。

So when you pull it out at the end, could, with The UK, you could pull out in five years and ten years or in retirement, then you could withdraw that money tax free.

所以这两者都有税收优惠。

So both of them have taxable advantages.

其中一个是在你存入资金时享受税收优惠。

One is when you put the money in, you're getting the tax advantages.

另一个是在你取出资金时享受税收优惠，但两者都有税收优势。

The other one's when you draw the money out, but they both have tax advantages.

所以你存入资金后，它会免税增长。

And so you're putting the money in and it's growing tax free.

这真的非常重要。

That's really a big deal.

这太关键了。

That's huge.

这是为你复利增长的钱，而你无需为此缴税。

That's that's money that's compounding for you and you're not paying tax on that.

但有限额吗？

But there's a limit?

是有额度限制的。

There's a limit.

每年是2万英镑。

Annually, it's 20,000.

但在英国和美国呢？

But In The UK and The US?

每年都会变化。

It changes year on year.

目前我认为是7000美元，但通过快速搜索一下谷歌，你就能了解你所投资的账户或税务优惠账户当前的限额。

At the moment, I believe at $7,000 But with a quick Google search, you could stay on top of whatever the current limit is for the account or the taxable advantage account that you're investing in.

所以我领工资后，会把它存入我在英国的ISA账户。

So I get paid, I put it into my in The UK, it's called an ISA.

是的。

Yeah.

上限是两万英镑。

And the limit is 20 ks.

所以如果我存入两万英镑，假设因为投资表现很好，涨到了十万英镑，那么这十万英镑是否全部免税？

So if I put 20 ks in, let's say, if it goes to 100 ks because the investments go really well, is the whole 100 ks tax free?

是的，你不需要缴纳资本利得税。

Yeah, you're not paying capital gains tax.

你也不需要缴纳利息，抱歉，是股息税。

You're not paying interest, sorry, dividends tax.

所以，如果人们想寻找一种不同于养老金的投资方式，这应该是首选。

So pretty much that's the first place everyone should really be investing if they want an alternative to investing in their pension.

对。

Yeah.

你应该优先把这笔额度用满，因为它附带税收优惠。

That's the first thing you want to cap out because of the taxable benefits that come with it.

在美国，它被称为罗斯IRA，对吧？

Is it called a Roth IRA in Yeah, the

没错。

that's right.

它说，如果你年满50岁，每年最高供款额为7000至8000美元。

It says max contribution is $7,000 to $8,000 a year if you're 50 or older.

是的，具体金额取决于

Yeah, the specific amounts depending on

你的身份和

Who you are and

你所在的地方。

where you

。

are.

普通雇员的供款上限是23000美元，真有意思。

Standard employee contribution limit of $23,000 Interesting.

而在英国，目前是统一的20000美元。

Whereas in UK, it's just a flat $20,000 is the current.

至于我的ISA，这个每个人都有资格投资的免税账户，我是不是得自己挑选它投资的东西？

And with my ISA, this tax free ISA that everyone is eligible to invest in, do I then have to pick the things it invests in?

是的。

Yes.

好的。

Okay.

接下来啊，我们其实现在就可以聊聊这个。

This is the next oh, we could talk about this now, actually.

是的。

Yeah.

所以当你决定投资什么时，对于雇主提供的账户——也就是雇主赞助的退休账户——你只需要选择自己的风险偏好，系统就会帮你完成投资。

So when you are deciding what to invest in, this is with the employer sponsored account, the employer sponsored retirement account, you actually just choose what risk profile you have, and it will do that investing for you.

所以你会说，我觉得自己很激进，或者我完全不冒险。

So you'll say, I'm I feel really risky or I'm not very risky at all.

对。

Yeah.

它会为你操作。

And it does it for you.

它会代表你进行投资。

And it does it will invest on behalf of you.

是的。

Yeah.

所以大多数人甚至没有意识到自己在投资，但如果他们有雇主提供的计划，他们其实已经在通过公司进行投资了。

And so most people don't even realize that they're investing, but they are investing through their company if they have that employer sponsored plan.

而个人账户则是你自己进行投资。

Then the individual account is you doing the investing yourself.

你需要自己选择投资标的。

You're picking what to invest in.

是的。

Yeah.

那我该投资什么呢？

And what shall I invest in?