放弃专家：在人工智能替你做出选择之前，现在就放手！这是一项超能力！| 赛斯·高汀

不是。

No.

那不是你应该做的。

That's not what you're supposed to do.

你应该做出承诺并兑现它们。

You're supposed to make promises and keep them.

对于最小的受众来说，这就足够了。

For the smallest audience, that's enough.

你不能在同一空间里同时最大化两样东西。

You can't maximize two things that use the same space.

你觉得有没有可能知道你的动机、目标、梦想或抱负是不是真实的？

Do you think it's possible to know if a motivation or a goal or a dream you have or an ambition you have is real or not?

我说的真实是指，我是不是只是从Instagram或家人的期望中继承来的？

And when I say real, mean, like, did I just inherit this from expectations from Instagram or from my family?

因为我姐夫很有钱，我想和他竞争一下。

Because my brother-in-law is rich and I want to kind of compete.

有没有办法知道，我嘴上说想要的那个目标，是不是真的？

Is there a way to know if my my the the goal I say I want is a real one?

对。

Yeah.

我太喜欢这个问题了。

I love this.

这想法太棒了。

This is brilliant.

这就回到了目标这个概念。

This gets back to the idea of purpose.

在下一轮努力中，你希望带来什么样的改变？

What is the change you seek to make with the next cycle of your effort?

不是指你的人生使命，而是你即将开展的具体工作的目的。

Not your purpose on Earth, but the purpose of the work you're about to do.

你是想让马克·扎克伯格高兴吗？

Are you trying to make Mark Zuckerberg happy?

你是想让一个匿名评论者开心吗？

Are you trying to make an anonymous commenter happy?

你是想给喷子一个教训吗？

Are you trying to teach troll a lesson?

因为当你把这话说出口，你就会意识到这是个荒谬的目标，也是个陷阱。

Because when you say that out loud, you realize that's a ridiculous purpose and a trap.

如果我们能搞清楚，这对我有什么好处？

If we can be clear, what's in it for me?

如果我投入这些时间，我能得到什么回报？

If I put this time in, what will I get in return?

比如说，我的公司有75个人。

So, my company has 75 people, let's say.

那我应该扩大到250人吗？

And should I grow to have two fifty people?

那么，当250人的CEO而不是75人的CEO，对我有什么好处呢？

Well, what would be in it for me to be a CEO of two fifty people instead of 75 people?

你会遇到更大的麻烦。

You're going have a bigger headache.

理论上，你的收入会更高。

You're to have more money, theoretically.

理论上是这样。

Theoretically.

但真正获得的是一种不同的地位。

But what you're really going to earn is a different kind of status.

你得想清楚，那种管更多人、在酒会上更有面子、以及随之而来的各种可能性，到底值不值得你为此付出代价。

You have to decide if that status, boss of more people, that status, what I get to say at the cocktail party, that status of what could happen after that is worth the price you're going to pay to do this or not.

所以我们要不断做选择，搞清楚这份工作的真正目的是什么。

And so we keep making these choices about what is the purpose of this work.

这就引出了史蒂夫·普雷斯菲尔德在《阻力》这本书里的核心观点。

And that leads to the key from Steve Pressfield, is resistance.

所谓的阻力，就是任何阻碍我们去做慷慨、有建设性、创造性工作的感受。

And resistance is any feeling we have that keeps us from doing generous, generative, creative work of any kind.

比如说，写作瓶颈就是阻力。

So for example, writer's block is resistance.

再比如，你出去约会前换了六次衣服。

For example, you're going out on a date and you change your outfit six times.

阻力体现在我们做的很多事情中。

Resistance shows up in so many of the things we do.

我们周围的系统给我们洗脑，因为它们想让我们成为系统中的齿轮。

And the systems around us indoctrinate us because they want us to be cogs in the system.

它们想让我们说，那我怎么才能得A？

They want us to say, well, how do I get an A?

我怎么才能得到做这做那的许可？

How do I get permission to do X, Y, or Z?

我不会主动去做什么。

I'm not going to initiate anything.

所以，你哥哥更容易通过说“我卡住了”来应对他脑子里的阻力，而不是说“我这个周末改变了17个人的生活”。

So, it's easier for your brother to deal with the resistance in his head by saying, I'm stuck, than it is for him to say, I changed the lives of 17 people this weekend.

如果我们继续深挖你的目标是什么，我觉得他会说，是的，改变人们的生活对我来说比让《商业周刊》杂志满意更重要，因为我创建了一些公司。

Whereas if we kept drilling into what's your purpose, I think he would say, yeah, changing the lives of people is more important to me than making Business Week magazine happy because I built some company.

给阻力命名，以便克服它，这样有用吗？

Is it useful to try and name the resistance in order You to overcome

阻力永远不会消失。

can't make resistance go away, ever.

你可以和它共舞。

You can dance with it.

你可以请它进来喝杯茶。

You can invite it in for tea.

你可以给它命名。

You can name it.

你可以说，我犹豫做这件事的原因是阻力。

You can say, The reason I'm hesitating to do this is resistance.

你会说，我不太想做。

You would say, I don't feel like it.

我得去忙别的事了。

I got to go do this other thing instead.

我不想办小型聚会。

I don't want to host a small party.

这就是内心的抗拒。

Resistance.

我朋友丽莎为了和伴侣在一起，搬到了整个西海岸的洛杉矶，结果在那座城市里她谁都不认识。

My friend Lisa moved across the country to be with her partner all the way to Los Angeles, knew three people in the whole city.

她说，她不想在洛杉矶过着孤独的生活。

She says, I don't want to live a lonely life in Los Angeles.

她打算每周五办一次百家宴。

I'm going to have a potluck dinner every Friday.

她会先从邀请那三个认识的人开始。

I'm going to start by inviting the three people I know.

而且每周只要带来一个新朋友，就可以继续参加。

And every week, you can come back if you bring a new person.

五十周后，她有了一个四百人的社交圈。

Fifty weeks later, she has a network of 400 people.

全是好朋友。

All good friends.

其实谁都能做到。

Anyone could have done that.

但没人去做。

No one does.

这就是阻力。

Resistance.

万一我邀请别人，他们拒绝了怎么办？

What if I invite someone and they say no?

万一我邀请别人，结果不喜欢他们怎么办？

What if I invite someone and don't like them?

万一我邀请别人，他们不喜欢我怎么办？

What if I invite someone and they don't like me?

阻力，阻力，还是阻力。

Resistance, resistance, resistance.

说出包袱，放下包袱，去做。

Name the baggage, drop the baggage, do it.

一旦你能说出包袱，你就能说，这就是为什么我感觉被困住了。

Once you can name the baggage, you can say, this is why I am feeling stuck.

如果我能放下其他事情，我就能朝着胡萝卜前进，因为我能原谅水。

If I can let go of this other thing, I can move toward the carrot because I can forgive the water.

我脑子里在过一遍我认识的不同的人。

I was sort of running through different people in my head that I know.

再次，想想听众的不同类型。

Again, to think about the personas of the people listening.

我意识到的一件事是，每个人的起点都不一样。

One of the things I realized is that everybody's starting from a very different place here.

这是为什么？

Why is that?

为什么有些人很擅长应对阻力呢？

Why is it that some people are quite good at dealing with resistance?

他们可以邀请陌生人到家里来，而另一些人却生活在恐惧中。

They can invite round strangers, and then other people are living in fear.

他们几乎——是的。

They're almost Yeah.

他们从不冒险。

They never take a risk.

对。

Yeah.

嗯，很大程度上是特权的问题。

Well, a big part of it is privilege.

这是不公平。

It's injustice.

是生活在一个从不给你信任的文化中。

It's living in a culture that never gives you the benefit of the doubt.

但即便是在一群拥有同等特权的人里，还是会有人主动在市场里帮陌生人指路。

But even if I look among a group of people who all have the same amount of privilege, there's still somebody who is at the marketplace helping strangers find where they're going.

还是会有人……你知道，我有个家族朋友，他读的是常春藤盟校。

There's still somebody who you know, I have a family friend who went to an Ivy League school.

他想当演员。

He wanted to be an actor.

于是他去参加即兴喜剧团体的试镜。

And he went to apply to the improv troupe for auditions.

他们挑了十个人，他排第十一。

And they picked 10 people and he came in eleventh.

他就给我打电话。

And he called me up.

他特别沮丧。

He was very upset.

我就说，你为什么不自己组个即兴喜剧团呢？

And I said, Why don't you start your own improv troupe?

你不需要任何设备。

You don't need any equipment.

你不需要许可证。

You don't need a permit.

你只需要四个人就能一起即兴表演。

You just need four people to do improv with.

自己组个即兴剧团吧。

Start your own improv troupe.

讽刺的是，我之所以记得这个故事，是因为他们做不到。

And the irony, the reason I remember the story is they couldn't do it.

我的意思是，这不就是即兴表演的意义吗？

I mean, isn't that what improv is?

自己组个即兴剧团。

Start your own improv troupe.

所以，你知道，我运营一个叫 purple.space 的在线社区。

And so, you know, I run an online community called purple.space.

在Purple上，我们有成千上万的人在互相指导。

And on Purple, we got thousands of people who are coaching each other.

这跟社交网络正好相反。

And it's the opposite of a social network.

没有骗局。

There's no scams.

没有忽悠。

There's no hustle.

没有人向别人推销任何东西。

Nobody sells anything to anybody else.

就是，我帮你梳理你的问题，你帮我梳理我的问题。

It's just, I'll talk you through my not you talk me through yours.

我们互相监督。

Let's hold each other accountable.

好吧，总得有个人先开始。

Well, someone needs to go first.

每个人都想被邀请参与这样的事。

Everyone wants to be invited to an engagement like that.

但很少有人愿意主动发起，因为你害怕被拒绝，感觉就像离死不远一样。

But few people want to start one because you're afraid of being rejected because it's one step short of dying.

所以当我们能明确这一点，意识到它其实跟死亡完全无关，这根本不是要强行推销或凑到别人面前卖东西。

So when we can name this and realize it's actually not at all related to dying, This isn't about hustling someone and getting in their face to sell them something.

这其实是通过明确问题，找到我们能提供价值的地方，在解决自己问题的同时，也帮对方解决他们的问题。

This is about offering to solve their problem as you solve your problem by naming the thing and figuring out where we can be of value.

作为播客主播，我经历过的一件事是，经常有人在大街上走到我面前，跟我讲他们酝酿了四年的播客想法。

One of the things that I've experienced as a podcaster is a lot people come up to me in the street and they'll tell me about the podcast idea that they've had for four years.

对。

Mhmm.

我觉得观察这个挺有意思的，因为表面上看起来他们很认真，但他们会琢磨好几年这件事本身，就说明可能心里有些抗拒。

And I it's quite a curious thing to observe because it appears on the surface that they are serious, but the very nature that they've been mulling it for a couple of years means that there's probably some kind of resistance there.

没错。

Correct.

没错。

Exactly.

所以有一两年时间，我和我的朋友亚历克斯·德帕尔马一起办了一个播客培训班。

So I for a couple of years, my friend, Alex DePalma, and I ran the podcasting fellowship.

有几千人参加过这个工作坊，想要启动自己的播客。

So thousands of people went through this workshop to start a podcast.

而播客之所以是个很好的例子，是因为大家都知道什么是播客，而且开始做播客的成本还不到一美元。

And the reason podcasts are such a great example is everyone knows what a podcast is, and the cost of starting a podcast is less than a dollar.

那为什么你没有做呢？

So why don't you have one?

对吧？

Right?

好的。

Okay.

所以我们一开始的流程是，告诉我所有让你不能做播客的原因。

Well, so we start the cycle by, give me all the reasons you can't have a podcast.

其中一个常见的理由是，我觉得我请不到好的嘉宾。

And one of the ones that comes up is, well, I don't think I could get good guests.

然后我们会说，好，那你能请到的最好的嘉宾是谁？

And then we would say, okay, who would be the best guest you could ever get?

结果很神奇，有人提到了米歇尔·奥巴马。

And amazingly, Michelle Obama's name comes up.

米歇尔·奥巴马是不会上你的播客的。

Michelle Obama is not going be on your podcast.

但是，在米歇尔·奥巴马之前，你需要请到谁，才能让她更有可能答应上你的节目？

But who would you need to have on your podcast as the guest before Michelle Obama that would lead her more likely to say yes?

那在那之前呢？再之前呢？

And who would be the guest before that and the guest before that?

我们一直往回推，推到你的隔壁邻居。

And let's go all the way back to your next door neighbor.

你能请到你的隔壁邻居来上你的播客吗？

Can you get your next door neighbor to be a guest on your podcast?

是的。

Yes.

所以去做那个播客，就放给这个圈子里的20个人听。

So go make that podcast and just play it for the 20 people who are in this circle.

到了那一步，一半的人就做不到了。

And at that point, half the people can't do it.

这没有什么技术上的原因。

There's no technical reason why.

只是太难开口对隔壁邻居说：我能采访你二十分钟吗？

It's just too hard to say to your next door neighbor, Can I interview for twenty minutes?

然后再给别人看。

And then show it to somebody else.

因为抗拒心理。

Because resistance.

所以我给人们的窍门是，用另一个名字，用化名开个博客。

And so, the hack I give people is start a blog under another name, under an assumed name.

没人知道是你写的。

No one will know you wrote it.

连续做一百天。

Do it for one hundred days in a row.

如果你连续做一百天，我打赌你会想署上真名。

If you do that for one hundred days in a row, I'm betting you're going to want to put your real name on it.

但如果还没想，至少你也明白了，连续一百天用别人的名字公开发布东西，并不会有什么大不了的。

But if not, at least you understand there was nothing fatal about posting something in public for one hundred days in a row with somebody else's name on it.

所以显然问题不在写作卡壳上。

So that's obviously not where the writer's block is.

在于内心的抗拒。

It's in resistance.

同时有两件事。

Two things at once.

我想做这个。

I want to do this.

我想要被认可。

I want to be recognized.

但我不想失败。

But I don't want it to fail.

我不想被看不起。

I don't want to be disrespected.

我不想失去地位。

I don't want to lose status.

这两种想法让我们动弹不得，而系统就喜欢这样。

And those two things keep us paralyzed, and the system likes it like that.

你刚才做的，就是把阻力拆解成最小的部分。

What you did there is you took the resistance and you tried to break it down into the smallest possible piece.

对。

Correct.

是的。

Yes.

所以你把一个大的阻力拆解了，比如怎么才能让米歇尔·奥巴马上我的播客？

So you took a big piece of resistance, which is how do I get Michelle Obama on my podcast?

你把它拆解成，我需要去请我的邻居上我的播客。

You broke it down into, I need to go ask my next door neighbor to come on my podcast.

对。

Yeah.

然后你甚至把它拆得更小，我要开始一个匿名博客。

And then you broke it even smaller to, I'm gonna start an anonymous blog.

对。

Yeah.

因为当我们自己揭穿自己的虚张声势时，虽然很不舒服，但总比让别人来揭穿要好。

Because when we call our own bluff, it's very uncomfortable, but it's better than someone else calling our bluff.

这又回到了我的立场：我解决不了你的问题，但也许我能给你一些工具，帮你命名你的问题，这样你就能在一个安全的地方，和别人谈谈阻力在哪里？

And this gets back to my posture of, I can't solve your problem, but maybe I can give you tools that can help you name your problem so that in a safe place, can talk to somebody about where is the resistance?

我为什么对这件事这么纠结？

Why am I in my head about this?

我能为最小的受众提供的最小价值单位是什么，能对他们产生一点影响。

What's the smallest unit of value for the smallest possible audience that I could do that would make a difference for them.

鲍勃·莱夫西茨写的是全球最火的音乐博客。

Bob Lefsitz writes the most popular music blog in the world.

音乐圈里人人都认识他。

Everybody in the music industry knows him.

我敢保证，他刚开始的时候，只有五个读者。

I promise you, when he started, he had five readers.

我的博客有一百万读者。

My blog has a million readers.

我刚开始的时候，也只有五个读者。

When I started, I had five readers.

大家都是这么起步的。

That's the way they all start.

你的播客也是这么开始的。

That's how your podcast started.

五个听众。

Five listeners.

当你把它分解开来，变成一个匿名博客的时候，我觉得你其实也是在把尴尬分解成越来越小、越来越小、越来越小、越来越小的碎片。

When you broke it down there and you turned it into an anonymous blog, what I I guess what you're also doing is you were breaking down the embarrassment into smaller and smaller and smaller and smaller pieces of embarrassment.

对。

Right.

但是，不管怎样，尴尬还是存在的。

But, like, irrespective, there was still embarrassment.

我听过一句话，尴尬是入场的代价。

And I heard this phrase, embarrassment is the cost of entry.

你同意这个普遍的观点吗？不管做什么，你都得经历尴尬。

Would you agree with the the general idea that irrespective of what you do, you're gonna have to be embarrassed?

你必须付出这个代价，才能进入任何你当前环境和身份之外的事物。

You're gonna have to, like, pay that as the the fee of entry to almost anything outside of your current context and identity.

好的。

Alright.

那我们聊聊救生员和冒充者综合征吧。

So let's talk about lifeguards and impostor syndrome.

冒充者综合征是大约七十年前由两位社会科学家提出的。

So impostor syndrome was named by two social scientists about seventy years ago.

冒充者综合征就是当你做一件重要或新鲜的事情时，觉得自己有点像个冒牌货，觉得应该由别人来做这件事。

Impostor syndrome is that feeling when you're doing something important or new that you're a little bit of a fake or a fraud and that someone else ought to be doing this instead of you.

我讲的故事是关于当救生员的经历。

So the story I tell is about being a lifeguard.

在加拿大，要当救生员必须先拿到铜质奖章。

So in Canada, you have to get your bronze medallion to be a lifeguard.

想象一下，你在独木舟湖上值班。

And imagine you're on Canoe Lake on duty.

码头上有六个救生员。

There's six lifeguards on the dock.

一个孩子就在你面前开始溺水。

And a kid starts drowning right in front of you.

你脑子里第一个念头可能是，我这才刚拿到铜章。

The first thing that might come to mind is, I just barely got my bronze medallion.

而隔壁码头那位哥们儿游泳技术比我强多了。

And that guy two docks down is a much better swimmer than me.

这种事儿应该让别人去救。

This is someone else should save it.

接着你反应过来，不对，不对。

And then you realize, no, no.

它就在你眼前。

It's right in front of you.

那是你的孩子。

This is your kid.

你跳进水里。

You jump in the water.

你会为游泳姿势道歉吗？

Do you apologize for your stroke?

你会说，真的很抱歉。

Do you say, I'm really sorry.

我没那么快赶到。

I'm not getting there as fast.

你救起了那个孩子。

You save the kid.

这就是救生员该做的事。

That's what lifeguards do.

孩子会感谢你，他们的父母也会感谢你。

The kid is going to thank you and their parents are going to thank you.

这就是救生员的工作。

That's the work of a lifeguard.

救生员能够克服犹豫，因为这件事太直观了。

Lifeguards are able to overcome resistance because it's such a vivid thing.

那么，如果有人给主动订阅的人发送邮件通讯，而这可能帮助他们到达想去的地方，尴尬到底在哪里呢？

Well, if someone's going to send an email newsletter to someone who asked for it and that might help them get to where they're going, where's the embarrassment exactly?

而羞耻是一种很有趣的情绪，因为我们必须接受它。

And shame is this interesting emotion because we must receive it.

它一直传递给我们，但你必须接受它才会起作用。

It's sent to us all the time, but you have to receive it for it to work.

现在我走在74街上，离这儿不远，经过一个小型口袋游乐场，听到里面一个四岁的小孩在嘲笑别人。

Now I'm walking on 74th Street, not far from here, past this little pocket playground, and I hear a four year old inside the playground taunting somebody else.

这个小孩在取笑那个家伙，嘲笑他的衣服，嘲笑他秃头。

And this kid is making fun of this guy, making fun of his clothes, making fun of the fact that he's bald.

然后我意识到，那小孩是在嘲笑我。

And then I realized the kid's taunting me.

因为他只是，你知道，他觉得这样很安全，就对着路人喊叫。

Because he was just, you know, it felt safe for him and he was just yelling at bystanders.

关键是，这立刻让我回到了三年级。

The point was it instantly brought me back to third grade.

立刻让我回想起被欺负是什么感觉。

Instantly brought me back to what does it feel like to be bullied.

等等，等等。

But wait, wait.

首先，你在栅栏的另一边。

First of all, you're on the other side of a fence.

我再也不会见到你了。

I'm never gonna see you again.

你没法让我感到羞耻。

You cannot put any shame on me.

它不会，它从我身上弹开。

It doesn't it bounces off me.

当我们能为少数观众做有用的事情时，我们可以对不懂笑话的人说：对不起，这不是给你的。

And when we can get to useful work for a small audience of people, we're allowed to say to someone who doesn't get the joke, sorry, it's not for you.

我原谅你。

I forgive you.

我不必接受你的羞辱。

I don't have to accept your shame.

我不必接受你想给我的难堪，因为我是出于正当的理由才在这里的。

I don't have to accept the embarrassment you want to give me because I'm here for the right reason.

如果这不适合你，那咱们双方都能有所收获。

And if it's not for you, we both learn something.

我想也是因为互联网的关系，尴尬和羞耻感无处不在。

I guess because of the Internet as well, embarrassment is everywhere and shame is everywhere.

只要你在网上开始做点什么，总会有些杠精跳出来说你做得很烂。

People are you start anything on the Internet, there's gonna be some troll that tells you it's terrible.

就算是我们刚开始做这档播客的时候，我是说，直到今天，还是有很多人告诉我们这节目简直糟透了。

Even when we started this podcast, I mean, still today, get a lot of people telling us it's fucking terrible.

但正因为这种批评无处不在，你几乎可以说，能够克服它现在成了一种超能力。

But because it's everywhere, one could almost argue that overcoming it is now a superpower.

因为你知道，任何做事的人都会遇到这种情况，你也知道应对起来有多痛苦。

Because, you know, everybody that does anything is gonna encounter it, and you know how painful it is to deal with that.

而且你也清楚，大多数人根本做不到这一点。

And you also know that most people won't.

其实，掌握克服羞耻、尴尬或批评性反馈这类事情的能力，可能是当今现代世界最重要的技能之一，因为现在负面反馈太多，羞耻或尴尬之类的事情也太多了。

That actually the skill of mastering, like overcoming shame or embarrassment or critical feedback or whatever it might be, might be one of the most important skills in the modern world today when there's so much negative feedback and so much shame or embarrassment or whatever.

你知道吗，这就是当你说要如何更好地处理这些事情时，我所想到的。

You know, just that's what you that's what I was thinking of when you're saying it's like, how how do I get better at dealing with that?

嗯，让我们稍微换个角度来看，因为我觉得你说得很有道理。

Well, let's look at it slightly differently because I think that's a great point.

但实际的同理心告诉我们，我不知道你所知道的。

But practical empathy says, I don't know what you know.

我没有经历过你的一天。

I didn't have the day you had.

我不想要你所想要的，这没关系。

I don't want what you want, and that's okay.

我可以原谅这一点，而且我不必把它当成是针对我个人的。

And I can forgive that and I don't have to take it personally.

我可以只是认真对待它。

I can simply take it seriously.

这两者是不一样的。

And those are different things.

这里有个挺有意思的、跟商业沾边的例子。

Here's an interesting semi business example.

你去过Shake Shack吗？

You've been to Shake Shack?

去过。

Yes.

我朋友丹尼·迈耶创办了Shake Shack。

My friend Danny Meyer started Shake Shack.

现在这家公司市值几十亿美元。

It's now a multibillion dollar company.

Shake Shack的灵感来源于他在圣路易斯的童年。

Shake Shack is based on his youth in St.

密苏里州的圣路易斯。

Louis, Missouri.

他从小吃波浪薯条长大的。

And he grew up with crinkle cut french fries.

波浪薯条是某种快餐汉堡店的秘密武器。

Crinkle cut french fries are the secret to a certain kind of fast food hamburger joint.

纽约的著名美食评论家，Ed Levine，在《纽约时报》上说，你们在搞什么？

And fancy New York restaurant critics, Ed Levine, The New York Times said, what are you doing?

你们把一切都标榜成手工制作、新鲜现做，搞得这么隆重。

You're making this whole big deal out of everything is handmade and fresh.

可你们却供应冷冻的波浪薯条，我们在超市冰柜里就能买到的那种。

You're serving frozen crinkle cut french fries that we can buy in the freezer at the supermarket.

你们应该做真正的薯条。

You need to make real french fries.

所以Danny，他的地位跟美国最高档的餐厅联系在一起，他和他的团队面对这种攻击，因为薯条是他们菜单的核心，他们为此感到尴尬。

So Danny, his status is associated with the fanciest restaurants in The United States, and he and his team see this assault they're getting on being embarrassed about the french fries which are at the heart of their menu.

所以他们花了一年时间，投入数百万美元研究土豆，重新改造每一家餐厅，安装不同类型的炸锅，现切薯条确实是个很大的挑战。

So they spend millions of dollars over the course of a year researching potatoes, reconfiguring every single restaurant, putting in a different kind of fryer, making fresh cut french fries is a really big challenge.

另外，现切的薯条是有生命的，五月的土豆和十一月的土豆是不一样的。

Also, fresh cut french fries are a living thing, and in May, the potatoes are different than they are in November.

所以有时候现切薯条会是你吃过最好吃的，但有时候也会软塌塌的，味道一般。

So sometimes a fresh cut french fry is the best french fry you ever had, and sometimes it's limp and not very good.

他们之所以换成现切薯条，是为了获得那种被纽约文化评论家认可的身份感——让人觉得他们是正宗的。

And they switched to fresh cut french fries because they wanted the status that came from New York cultural critics saying, these are guys that are authentic.

他们是真正的行家。

They're the real deal.

结果那薯条做得并不好。

And the french fries were no good.

整个互联网都炸锅了，都在问：你们到底对Shake Shack做了什么？

And the entire internet blew up and say, What have you done to Shake Shack?

员工们也不喜欢做这些，搞得一团糟，清洁流程也得改。

And the staff hated making them and it was a mess and you had to clean things differently.

这次改动除了让纽约城里的那几个人高兴之外，没带来任何好处，因为他们只听信了那些人的意见。

Nothing good came of the shift except making a couple people in New York City happy because that's who they decided to listen to.

有一天，丹尼看着这个，说，Shake Shack的薯条到底是为了什么？

And one day, Danny looked at this and said, what is the purpose of the french fries at Shake Shack?

Shake Shack的薯条是为了让不是顾客的人觉得在丹尼·梅耶的餐厅吃饭感觉好吗？

Do the french fries at Shake Shack exist to help a non customer feel good about eating at a Danny Meyer restaurant?

还是说，Shake Shack的薯条是为了进一步讲述来Shake Shack的意义？

Or do the french fries at Shake Shack exist to further the story of what it is to come to Shake Shack?

然后他们把一切都拆了，换回了波纹薯条，全世界都欢呼了。

And they ripped everything out, and they went back to the crinkle cut fries, and the world rejoiced.

利润上升了，生产力也上升了，他们回到了最初想做的事情，原谅并忽略了那些坚持说你需要新鲜切薯条的人，因为那是他们的立场。

Profits went up, productivity went up, and they got back to what they were trying to do in the first place by forgiving and ignoring the people who needed to say, you need fresh cut french fries because that's what they stood for.

但那不是这家店的初衷。

But it wasn't what the business was for.

这听起来像是一个商业故事，但实际上，正如你所说，我意识到这关系到现在正在听的每个人的生活，因为我们都在为某种声音服务。

This sounds like a business story, but actually, as you were saying it, I realized that it pertains to everybody's life listening right now because we're all serving a certain voice.

对。

Right.

还有一件事让我想到的是，我刚雇了一个叫阿尔达·佩玛的人，她来自亚马逊。

And then the other thing that came to mind is I've just hired someone called Arda Pema, who came from Amazon.

她在那里负责产品，在AWS构建AI产品。

She was leading products there, building AI products at AWS.

她现在是我们steven.com的首席创新和技术官，也就是我的控股公司。

She's now leading she's our CITO, chief innovation and technology officer at steven.com, my holding company.

她告诉我亚马逊的一件事就是，他们对客户简直痴迷得不得了。

And one of the things she told me about Amazon is that they are just unbelievably obsessed in the customer.

他们从文化角度做的每一个决定，都完全围绕客户。

Every decision they make from a culture perspective is all about the customer.

她甚至告诉我，杰夫·贝索斯在开会时，直到现在亚马逊的会议里，他们都会在每场会议放一把空椅子，代表客户，因为他们希望客户出现在每场会议中。

She even told me that Jeff Bezos in his meetings and still in the Amazon meetings today, they put an extra chair in every meeting that is empty to represent the customer because they want the customer to be in every meeting.

她告诉我，这如何把他们从产品角度做的所有决定，都锚定回他们服务的对象。

And she told me how that anchors all of the decisions they make from a product perspective right back to the the person they're serving.

我想这解决了我跟你说的那个驴子问题，因为他们不必在服务商家和客户之间做选择。

I guess it kills the donkey thing you told me because they're not having to choose between serving the merchants or the customer.

他们服务的是顾客。

They are serving the customer.

她告诉我，有时候这会牺牲商家的利益，但你必须接受这一点。

Sometimes she told me at the merchant's expense, but you have to be okay with that.

对。

Yeah.

她就是这么跟我说的。

That's what she said to me.

这句话真的让我印象深刻，因为现在我总是会想，客户是谁？

And I actually really stayed with me because now I always think about, like, who's the customer?

客户是谁？

Who's the customer?

即使在做这个播客的时候，你也会听到我谈论用户画像。

Even when I do this podcast, you hear me talking about personas.

对。

Right.

我说的是出租车司机戴夫和杰伊·艾克特利。

I'm talking about Dave the taxi driver and Jay Exactly.

这就是我们在这里服务的对象。

The That's who we're serving here.

对。

Yeah.

所以我只需要在这里放一个小回形针。

And so I just need to put a small paper clip here.

在过去两年里，亚马逊已经迷失了方向，不知道自己在为谁服务。

In the last two years, Amazon has lost their way about who they're serving.

去年，亚马逊通过销售广告赚了数十亿美元，这些广告让亚马逊的搜索变得更糟，嗯。

And Amazon made billions and billions of dollars last year selling ads that make Amazon search worse Mhmm.

给那些想打断你正在寻找的东西、把自己的东西放在最上面的人。

To people who want to interrupt what you're looking for to put their thing up on top.

那不是在为客户服务。

That doesn't serve the customer.

那服务的是另一种股东。

That serves a different kind of shareholder.

但是，是的，杰夫在那里建立的模式，从他们开会的方式——那真的非常吸引人——到他们决定为谁服务、不为谁服务，都始终如一地表明：这就是我们要解决的问题。

But, yes, the model of what Jeff built there from the way they hold their meetings, which is absolutely fascinating, to what they chose to do about who it was for and who it wasn't for were consistent about saying, this is the problem we are here to solve.

这就是这次点击的目的。

This is the purpose of this click.

这就是这个页面的目的。

This is the purpose of this page.

它的用途毫无疑问。

There's no doubt about what it's for.

所以关于开会这件事，大多数听这个节目的人都要开会。

And so the meeting thing, most people who are listening to this go to meetings.

很多白领都说开会是一天中最糟糕的部分。

And many people who have white collar jobs say the meetings are the worst part of their day.

那开会是为了什么？

What is the meeting for?

说实话，典型的会议就是为了让老板觉得你在听他们说话，顺便让老板点点名，因为本来可能一封邮件就能搞定。

The typical meeting, if we're going to be honest, is to make the boss feel like you are listening to them and let the boss take attendance because it could probably be a memo.

如果你不发邮件而是开会，那咱们得说清楚。

And if you're not sending a memo and you're having a meeting, let's be clear.

这是为谁开的？

Who's this for?

目的是什么？

What's it for?

我们刚才八个人坐在这儿光听，到底是为了什么？

What is the purpose of what we just did here with eight people just listening the whole time?

那为什么不直接发个视频让他们用倍速看呢？

Well, why didn't you just send them a video that they could watch at double speed?

会议是一种症状。

Meetings are a symptom.

它反映了组织是否被那些不成文的规矩所纠缠和束缚，比如我们在这里该做什么。

They're a symptom of whether the organization is entangled and stuck with unspoken rules about what we do around here.

我们到处都能看到这种现象。

And we can see them everywhere we look.

拿不准的时候，驱动人的主要有三股力量：恐惧、归属感或群体认同，还有地位。

When in doubt, there are three things that drive people: fear, belonging or affiliation, and status.

但我们其实并不真正理解它们的含义。

And we don't really understand what they mean.

先说恐惧。

So first, fear.

我把它称为‘免于恐惧的自由’，这跟之前的概念不一样。

I call it the freedom from fear, which is different.

所谓免于恐惧，就是我不想去做那些让我感到紧张的事。

Freedom from fear is I don't want to do things that are going to make me feel nervous.

我也不想做那些我觉得自己会害怕的事情。

I don't want to do things that I think I'm afraid of.

这种心态会让很多人很多事情都不敢去尝试。

That keeps people from doing a lot of things.

这就是一种抗拒。

That's resistance.

归属感就是说，你不会穿着燕尾服或小丑装去参加葬礼。

Affiliation is you don't wear a tuxedo to a funeral because or a clown suit.

没人会那么做，所以你也不会那么做。

No one's going do that, so you're not going to do that.

为了融入团体。

Fitting in.

我左边是谁？

Who's to my left?

我右边是谁？

Who's to my right?

其他人都在做什么？

What's everybody else doing?

而第三种，其实被误解最多，就是地位。

And the third one, is really misunderstood, is status.

地位很简单。

Status is simple.

谁先吃午饭？

Who eats lunch first?

到了绿洲，哪只动物先喝水？

When we get to the oasis, which animal gets the water first?

地位不是钱，但也可能和钱有关。

Status isn't money, but it could be related to money.

地位就是谁在上谁在下。

Status is just who's up and who's down.

这三件事一直在相互作用，影响着人们如何选择穿什么样的衣服。

These three things keep dancing with each other about how people choose what kind of code.

他们会买巴塔哥尼亚吗？

Are they going to buy Patagonia?

还是会买更便宜的仿冒品？

Are they going to buy a cheaper knockoff?

这些东西中的某一样，会带来一种不同于其他东西的归属感和地位。

One of those things comes with a different kind of affiliation and status than another one.

但如果我们去寻找这一点，就能开始解读我们脑海中一直存在的那个安静的声音。

But if we look for this, we can start to decode that quiet but that's been going on in our head.

把它说出来，对吧？

Name it, right?

我想要这辆车。

I want to get this car.

为什么？

Why?

因为它快。

Because it's fast.

不，你不需要开快车。

No, you don't need to go fast.

我想要这辆车，是因为高中午餐桌上那个说我将来一事无成的家伙，他永远买不起这辆车。

I want to get this car because that kid at the high school lunch table who said I was never gonna amount to something, he could never afford this car.

每次我坐进这辆车，我就能告诉自己，我已经不再是那个在餐桌旁被人嘲笑的孩子了。

And every time I get in this car, I'm gonna be able to tell myself a story that I'm not that kid from the lunch table anymore.

这就是我想买这辆车的原因。

That's why I wanna get this car.

好的。

Okay.

现在我们都清楚你要解决什么问题了。

Now we're clear about what problem you're here to solve.

放手去做吧。

Go for it.

真的吗？

Really?

嗯，这对你有帮助吗？

Well, does it help you?

这就是你想投入资源的地方吗？

Is that what you want to put your resources into?

如果这能帮到你，那问题就解决了。

If that helps you, then it solved the problem.

你觉得这是一个值得追求的目标吗？

Do you think it is a worthy goal?

一个值得的理由？

A worthy reason?

嗯，这不该由我来决定。

Well, it's not for me to decide this.

高中经历在我们看待世界的方式上留下了各种痕迹。

That high school leaves all sorts of tracks all over how we look at the world.

我高中英语老师在我的毕业纪念册上写道：你是我生命中的祸害，你将一事无成。

My high school English teacher wrote in my yearbook, You are the bane of my existence and you will never amount to anything.

她当时半开玩笑，但当我成为职业作家后，想起这件事觉得很有意思。

And she was partially in jest, but remembering that as I become a professional writer is fascinating.

我把我的第九本书献给了她，然后我就能放下这件事了。

I dedicated like my ninth book to her and then I could let it go.

对吧？

Right?

几年后，我和她吃了一顿很愉快的午餐。

And she and I had a wonderful lunch a couple years later.

关键是，我们不能否认这些事情存在于我们的生活中。

The point is we can't deny that these things are in our lives.

我们没有人过着那种完全优化的生活。

None of us are living this optimized, fully optimized life.

你之所以去吃那些营养补充剂，之所以听那些关于生物什么的捷径，并不是因为你真正分析了所有保持健康的最佳方式。

The reason you're going and taking those nutritional supplements, the reason you're listening to this thing about some shortcut of bio whatever has nothing to do with you doing an actual analysis of all the best ways for you to be healthy.

而是为了获得一种掌控感。

They have to do with feeling agency.

是为了和你所在的群体产生某种归属感。

They have to do with feeling a certain kind of affiliation with the crowd you're in.

这就是为什么医学界会有周期性的潮流。

And that's why we have cycles in medicine.

这不是因为医学在真正的科学时尚中进进出出。

It's not because medicine goes in and out of actual science fashion.

而是因为文化改变了我们认为什么是美的，改变了我们认为需要做什么来满足情感需求。

It's because culture changes what we think is beautiful, changes what we think we need to do to get our emotional needs met.

我有六十秒，我要展示一下我能完成多少事情，这要归功于我们的赞助商Wispr。对于那些不知道它是什么的人，它是我投资的一家企业，可以将你的语音在任何应用或设备上转换成文字。

I've got sixty seconds, and I'm gonna show you how much I can get done because of our sponsor called Wispr And for those of you that don't know what it is, it's a business I invested in that turns your speech into text in any app or device.

我要发到我们的Slack频道，这会奖励本周进行最多实验的团队成员。

I'm gonna post into our Slack channel, which rewards whichever team member conducted the most experiments this week.

大家好。

Hi, everyone.

这是本周的实验之星。

Here is this week's experimenter of the week.

恭喜《CEO的日记》预告片团队，他们是Ant、Liv、Dom和Cam。

Congratulations to the Diary of the CEO trailer team, which is Ant, Liv, Dom, and Cam.

你们赢了。

You guys have won.

好的。

Okay.

现在我要打开Gmail。

Now I'm gonna open Gmail.

这里是我们一位创始人的邮件往来，我想让我的团队也加入进来。

So here is one of our founders on an email chain that I wanna connect my team with.

我只需要说一句“把我的团队邮箱加进去”，Wispr就会自动完成。

All I have to say is add my team's emails and Wispr will do exactly that.

现在给胡安发个简短消息，他每周都帮我安排日程。

Now a quick message to Juan, who does my schedule every single week.

嘿，胡安。

Hey, Juan.

我周三下午两点能录吗？等等，不行。

Can I record on Wednesday at two p actually, no?

你知道吗？

Do know what?

我们改成周三下午三点录吧。

Let's record at 3PM on Wednesday.

Wispr Flow 比打字快四倍，而且用起来特别简单。

Wispr Flow is four times faster than typing and it is incredibly easy to use.

所以如果你想试试，只需要今天去 whisprflow.ai/steven 下载就行。

So if you wanna give it a go, all you have to do is head to whisprflow.ai/steven to download it today.

过去十年我一直在创办和投资公司，关于营销预算的讨论，几乎总是同一个套路。

I've spent the last decade building and investing in companies and so often the conversation around marketing budget follows the exact same pattern.

预算批下来了，但结果却迟迟不见。

The budget gets approved, but then the results don't come back.

大多数时候，创意方案和报价本身都没问题。

And most of the time, the creative pitch and the offer is fine.

问题出在受众身上。

The problem lies with the audience.

广告触达的是那些永远不会购买或推荐的人，而且他们也没有任何决策权。

Ads reach people who will never buy or refer, nor do they have the power to sign off anything at all.

这就是为什么那么多预算被浪费了。

And this is why so much budget gets wasted.

LinkedIn Ads，这个播客的赞助商，可以让你按职位、资历、公司规模、行业、技能等精准触达他们。

LinkedIn Ads, who are sponsor of this podcast, lets you reach them specifically by job title, seniority, company size, industry, the skills that they have, and much more.

你不再指望广告能碰到对的人。

You're no longer hoping your ad reaches the right person.

相反，你是在精确决定谁看到它。

Instead, you're defining exactly who sees it.

LinkedIn Ads在所有主要广告网络中，B2B广告回报率最高。

And LinkedIn Ads drives the highest B2B return on ad spend across all major ad networks.

去linkedin.com/diary试试吧。

Give them a try at linkedin.com/diary.

如果你在第一个活动上花250美元，只要去linkedin.com/diary，你就能得到250美元的优惠券，用于下一个活动。

And if you spend $250 on your first campaign, you'll get a $250 credit for your next one just by going to linkedin.com/diary.

这个秘密你自己知道就好。

Keep this to yourself.

适用条款和条件。

Terms and conditions apply.

我想我也问过这个问题，因为，是的，你可以满足我父母的期望，因为他们是移民，他们希望我成为医生、律师、科学家之类的。

I think I asked this as well because, yes, you can serve my parents' expectations because they're immigrants and they want me to be doctor, lawyer, scientist, whatever.

或者我可以满足我的孩子们，他们希望我是一个好爸爸。

Or I could serve my kids who want me to be a great dad.

或者我可以满足我童年时的创伤，对吧。

Or I could serve my playground trauma Right.

那个想找回那个说我永远不会有所作为的孩子的人。

Who wants to get the kid back who said I was never gonna be anything.

没错。

Exactly.

这些声音中有哪一个比其他的更值得关注吗？

Are any of these voices more worthy than the other?

有没有一个特别的声音是我们应该真正围绕它来定位自己的？

Is there a particular voice we should really orientate ourselves around?

另外一点我也真正内化了，那就是我必须对其他声音说不。

And the other thing I've really now sort of internalized is I'm going to have to say no to the other voices.

对。

Yeah.

我不能试图讨好所有人，否则我会像那头站在胡萝卜中间、左右为难的水驴一样动弹不得。

I can't try and serve them all or else I'll be the donkey stuck in the middle of the water in a carrot.

我太喜欢这个比喻了。

I love this.

我真希望把这个写进书里。

I wish I had put this in the book.

说得太对了，我们确实得学会原谅其中一些声音。

This is exactly correct, that we're going to have to forgive some of these voices.

所以，主要有三件事会让我们陷入纠结。

So there are three basic things that get us hung up.

第一是时间上的纠缠，也就是今天不是昨天，也不是明天。

There are time entanglements, which is today is not yesterday and today is not tomorrow.

今天就是现在。

Today is right now.

还有社交和社区的纠葛。

There are social community entanglements.

这个人会怎么看我？

What will this person think of me?

那个人会怎么看我？

What will that person think of me?

然后还有我们对自己形象的纠葛。

And then there are the entanglements we have with our vision of ourselves.

当我照镜子时，如果这事成了，我会怎么看自己？

When I look in the mirror, if this works, what will I think of myself?

如果这事不成，我会怎么看自己？

If this doesn't work, what will I think of myself?

这三样都会妨碍我们宣布一个目标，然后去解决那个问题。

And all three of them get in the way of announcing a purpose and then going to solve that problem.

因为我们对自己说，嗯，我想帮助穷人，但我进不了那种特别高端的非营利组织。

Because we say to ourselves, well, I want to work to help the poor, but I can't get a job at a really fancy nonprofit.

如果我去了一个没那么高端的非营利组织，那我爸妈会怎么想？

And if I get a job at a less fancy nonprofit, then what will my parents think?

哦，这些想法全都在脑子里转。

Oh, all of that's going on.

我们得承认这一点，对吧？

We have to acknowledge that, right?

我们会说，我读了三年法学院。

We say, I went to law school for three years.

我不喜欢。

I didn't like it.

我当了五年律师。

I practiced law for five years.

我讨厌它。

I hated it.

我难道要把余生四十年都花在当律师上吗？

Do I want to spend the next forty years of my life being a lawyer?

因为我已经彻底试过了。

Because I've tried it fully out.

我们不能放弃，因为那样就得向过去的自己解释，为什么要花那么大代价换来这份光鲜的礼物？

We can't quit because then we would have to explain to our former self, Why did they pay this big price to get me this fancy gift?

而我却对它视而不见。

And I'm ignoring it.

沉没成本让我们被困住了。

Sunk costs keep us trapped.

我们能做的是认识到，那是过去的自己给的一份礼物。

And what we can do is realize that's a gift from our former self.

就像所有礼物一样，你可以选择不接受。

And like all gifts, you don't have to accept it.

如果有人突然跑来送你一只越南大肚猪让你照顾，你可以说，不了，谢谢。

If someone shows up and offers you a Vietnamese potbelly pig to take care of, you can say, No, thank you.

我不想接受你的礼物。

I don't want to accept your gift.

那个法律学位就是一份礼物。

That law degree is a gift.

但你现在不必接受它。

But you don't have to accept it now.

既然你现在知道了这些，你就可以对你的工作目的做出不同的决定。

Now that you know what you know, you can make a different decision about the purpose of your work.

如果它不能帮助你实现工作的目的，你可以原谅它，说声非常感谢，然后解开这个结。

And if it's not helping you achieve the purpose of your work, you can forgive it, say thank you very much, and untie the knot.

我觉得关于沉没成本这一点很重要，值得深入探讨。

I think that point around sunk cost is an important one to really double click on.

因为当我学到沉没成本这个概念时，它彻底改变了我作为投资者的思维方式。

Because when I learned about the idea of sunk cost, it completely changed me as an investor.

对。

Mhmm.

其实是我哥哥。

It was actually my brother.

我哥哥在投资银行工作了十五年，现在在我的公司工作。

My brother's been working in, like, investment banking for fifteen years, now works in my company.

有一天在我职业生涯早期，他跟我解释说，史蒂文，那是我持有的一只股票。

And he explained to me one day early in my career, he goes, Steven, it was a stock I had.

我投资了某只股票。

I was an investor in particular stock.

那只股票表现得很糟糕。

And the stock was doing terribly.

公司也经营得很差。

The company was doing terribly.

但我不想卖掉它，因为我是在更高的价格买入的。

But I didn't want to sell it because I'd invested at a higher price.

然后他给我发了《金钱心理学》这本书和一些其他文章，说这就是沉没成本偏差，如果你不意识到它是什么，它会毁了你的人生。

And then he sent me the Psychology of Money book and a few other papers and said, this is what sunk cost bias is, and it'll ruin your life if you don't realize what it is.

对。

Yeah.

而且这体现在我们做的每件事上。

And it's in everything we do.

比如现在有新的停车应用，可以让你找到目的地附近的停车场并提前付款。

So there's the new parking apps let you find a parking garage near where you're going and pay in advance.

所以当我进城时，有时我会这么做。

So when I come into the city, sometimes I'll do this.

我已经买了一张35美元的停车票，五分钟后开始计费。

So I've got a $35 ticket to go park at this lot starting in five minutes.

我正开车进去，路过一个街边免费车位。

I'm driving in, and I pass a free space on the street.

我应该停那儿吗？

Should I take it?

免费车位的好处当然是，你想走的时候就能走，不用折腾，还能省下五到十分钟。

So the advantage of the free space, of course, is you can leave when you want to leave and you don't have to engage and it saves you five or ten minutes.

但如果我停了那个免费车位，那我刚付给停车场的钱不就白花了嘛。

But if I take the free space, I'm wasting the money I just paid for that parking garage.

这时候脑子里就会有个声音说，哎呀，当然选免费车位啊，反正之前付的钱已经收不回来了。

And it still goes off in my head that, well, yeah, obviously, you take the free space because the money you paid is already gone.

那张票就当是过去的你送给现在的你的礼物吧。

That ticket is a gift from your former self.

以你现在掌握的信息来看，你还会接这份工作吗？

Knowing what you know now, would you take this job?

以你现在的认知，你会停这个车位吗？

Knowing what you know now, would you take this parking space?

如果答案是肯定的，那你就可以原谅当初让你做出那个决定的自己了，因为那个旧版本的自己已经过去了。

And if the answer is yes, then you can forgive what got you here because serving the old you, the old you's gone.

我也在想人际关系方面的事。

I was thinking about relationships as well.

对。

Yeah.

如果你每次谈恋爱都因为忽略沉没成本而三周就分手，那你永远都不会有一段长期的感情。

Now, if you're the kind of person that leaves a relationship every three weeks because you're ignoring Sunk Cost, then you're never going to have a relationship.

重复这个过程对你有代价，因为这会形成一种行为模式。

Repeating the process has costs to you because it develops these patterns.

我说的沉没成本不是那种情况。

That's not the kind of sunk cost I'm talking about.

但没错，当你遇到一个决定结束感情的人，对他们来说健康的方式是承认那段感情属于过去。

But yes, when you meet somebody who has decided to end a relationship, the healthy thing for them to do is to say that relationship was then.

我当时做的所有决定都是基于那时的我和那时的他们。

I made all the right decisions based on who I was then, based on who they were then.

但我们已经不再是那些人了。

But we are not those people anymore.

所以，基于现在的我们，是否还愿意重新投入这段感情？

So based on who we are now, do we want to recommit to this?

未来会有回报吗？

Will it pay off in the future?

如果答案是否定的，未来不会有回报，那你就已经回答了这个问题。

And if the answer is no, it will not pay off in the future, you've already answered the question.

这让我想起丹尼尔·卡尼曼关于损失厌恶的研究。

It reminds me of Daniel Kalman's work on loss aversion.

对。

Mhmm.

我觉得这一点很重要，因为当你意识到自己脑子里到底发生了什么，以及为什么人们不喜欢失去东西，你就能在事情发生在自己身上时察觉到。

And I think this is an important thing to explain because when you realize what's actually going on in your head and why people don't like to lose things, you can spot it when that's happening to you.

没错。

Right.

我读过一项研究，说如果你在街上丢了10英镑，从口袋里掉出来。

I read this study that showed if you lose 10 pounds in the street, falls out my pocket.

如果我后来又找到10英镑，那也弥补不了我刚刚失去的10英镑。

If I then find 10 pounds, it doesn't make up for the 10 pounds I just lost.

我得找到20英镑才能感受到足够的快乐，来抵消失去那10英镑的痛苦。

I'd have to find 20 pounds to feel the pleasure sufficient to the pain that I experienced from losing the 10.