#84 - 威廉·费德勒

大家好，欢迎回来。

Hey there folks, welcome back.

正如你们所知，今年是超级百年纪念。

As you know, this is the supercentennial.

这是世界上最伟大国家诞生二百五十年的纪念日。

This is the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the birth of the greatest nation in the history of the world.

在整个这个超级百年年份里，我将邀请嘉宾来谈论美国、这个国家的伟大以及我们建国的故事。

And all throughout this supercentennial year, I'm gonna have guests on talking about America, the greatness of this country, the stories of our founding.

显然，我写了一本书《革命》，讲述了整个故事，但还有很多内容无法塞进我这本600页书的字里行间，因此我真心希望今年能成为对国家的盛大庆祝，有太多值得讲述的内容，幸运的是，我找到了一些能帮助我们讲述这些故事的人。

Obviously I've written a book Revolution, which tells the whole story, but there's so much more that I could not cram into the covers, between the covers of my 600 page book, and so I really want this year to be a celebration of of the nation, and there is so much to say, but fortunately, I have found some people who can help us say it.

首当其冲的是我们的朋友威廉·费德勒。

At the top of the list, our friend William Federer.

欢迎来到节目，比尔，很高兴见到你。

Welcome to the program, Bill, just good to see you.

嘿，埃里克，能和你在一起真好。

Hey, Eric, great to be with you.

我们从哪里开始呢？

Where do we begin?

因为说实话，你对这个主题了解得太多了。

Because honestly, you know so much about this subject.

你写过一本关于建国奇迹的书。

Now you have written a book on the miracles of the founding.

我们的朋友迈克尔·梅德韦德写了一本名为《美国奇迹》的书。

Our friend Michael Medvedt has written a book called American Miracle.

他们还拍了一部电影。

They've made a film.

我还没看过那部电影。

I still haven't seen that.

但你大约十五年前就写过一本关于这个主题的书。

But you about fifteen years ago wrote a book about this.

我们从那里开始好吗？

Do we wanna start there?

因为我认为，我自己的认知过程之一，就是逐渐认识到上帝的手在这一国家的创建中发挥了作用。

Because I think part of my own, I guess learning curve is really to come to the conclusion that God's hand was on the creation of this nation.

一旦你了解了一些令人惊叹的故事，就不难相信这一点。

It just doesn't seem logical not to believe that once you know some of the amazing stories.

是的。

Yeah.

好吧，直接切入正题，1770年发生了孟加拉饥荒，导致一千万人死亡，而英国东印度公司正濒临破产。

Well, just jumping in, in 1770 is the Bengal famine, where ten million died and the British East India Company was going bankrupt.

1714年，英国人在孟加拉开设了一个贸易站。

In 1714, the British opened a trading post in Bengal.

这个贸易站后来变成了贸易堡垒，继而拥有了枪炮，最终几乎完全控制了整个印度，并重新规划了经济，推行经济作物种植；随后遭遇季风和疾病，人民无粮可食，最终导致一千万人死亡。

It turned into a trading fort, turned into them having guns, and they more or less took over eventually all of India, and they rearranged their economy to have cash crops, and then there was monsoons and diseases, and the people didn't have food, and ten million died.

因此，英国东印度公司已濒临破产。

So the British East India Company is on the verge of bankruptcy.

他们向政府请求救助。

They appeal for a government bailout.

我们现在谈的这个话题，我在我的书里也写过，但并没有深入这些细节，只是为了让我观众能理解，对吧？

We are now talking I do write about this in my book, but I don't go into any of this detail, but just so my audience understands, right?

所以我们说的是1770年，正如比尔刚才说的，但在那之前，东印度公司我认为是历史上规模最大的公司。

So we're talking about the 1770, as Bill just said, but the run up to that, the East India Company was, I think the biggest company that's ever existed in the history of the world.

它拥有比英国军队还庞大的私人军队。

They had their own army of bigger than the British Army.

我的意思是，一家公司竟然庞大到这种程度，如此全球化，当然，问题就在于——这正是你想说的——你是在谈‘太大而不能倒’吗？

I mean, really just a level of a company that's so huge, so global, and of course the problem, and this is what you're getting at, is that you wanna talk about too big to fail?

如果它们开始出问题，整个世界都会陷入困境。

If they start having trouble, the whole world's in trouble.

大英帝国也会陷入困境。

The British empire is in trouble.

所以你是说，因为印度发生了这场饥荒，它们就陷入了大麻烦？

So you're telling me that because of this famine in India, they're in big trouble.

所以这只是为了铺垫你接下来要说的内容。

So that's just to set the stage for what you're saying.

是的。

Yeah.

于是他们向英国议会请求救助，议会说：‘可以，你们可以通过向英国人民征税来弥补。’

So they appeal to the British parliament for a bailout, and the parliament says, yeah, you can make it up with taxes on the British people.

但英国人民并不愿意缴税。

Well, the British people don't want taxes.

于是他们说：‘好吧，那你们就向殖民地征税吧。’

And so they say, okay, you can make it up on the colonies.

而茶叶目前是世界上交易量最大的商品。

And so tea is the number one commodity traded right now in the world.

它是最受欢迎的饮品。

It's the most popular drink.

在美洲，有大量中间商人购买茶叶，再转售，开设自己的小店。

And then in America, you have all the middle merchants that would buy it and then resell it and have their little shops.

这就像今天的咖啡一样。

And it's, you know, equivalent to coffee today.

事实上，他们开始抵制英国东印度公司的茶叶，正是在这个时候，喝咖啡在美国流行起来。

A matter of fact, they they began to boycott the British East India Company Tea, and that's when they popularized drinking coffee in America.

但当征税开始时，殖民地的人们就不高兴了。

But so when the taxes were put on, you began to have the colonists not happy.

接着他们又增加了更多税，包括那些令人无法忍受的税，还有印花税。

And then they add more taxes, and the intolerable taxes, and then the stamp tax.

我们记得北美并没有黄金。

And We remember that there was no gold in North America.

因此在詹姆斯敦，一个冬天就有一百人死去。

So 100 died in one winter in Jamestown.

所以英国国王把美洲视为一项亏损的财政投资，欧洲才是棋盘，他们为一些小边界而争斗，只要美洲不打扰他们，他们就可以任由美洲自行其是。

So the King of England looked at America as a losing financial proposition, Europe was the chessboard, and they would fight over little boundaries, and as long as America didn't bother them, they could sort of do what they wanted.

因此我们经历了长达一个半世纪的自我治理，建立了自己的金融体系，但现在国王开始把注意力转向殖民地，收紧控制。

So we had a century and a half where we developed self government, we had our own financial system, but now is when the king's turning his attention on the colonies and begin to tighten the screws.

然后你有了塞缪尔·亚当斯领导的波士顿倾茶事件，接着英国方面说：你们必须赔偿那342箱东印度公司的茶叶，所以我们封锁你们的港口。

And and then you have the Boston Tea Party with Samuel Adams, and then you have the British saying, well, you're gonna pay back those 342 chest of East India tea, so we're gonna blockade your harbor.

1774年，托马斯·杰斐逊起草了一项斋戒与祈祷日的提案，并在弗吉尼亚立法机构提出，计划于1774年6月1日生效，而这一天正是英国即将封锁波士顿港口的日子。

In 1774, you have Thomas Jefferson drafting a day of fasting and prayer, and he introduces it in the Virginia legislature to go into effect 06/01/1774, the same day the British are gonna blockade Boston's harbor.

所以这里的情况是

And so here's

托马斯·杰斐逊在起草提案。

Thomas Jefferson drafting.

我觉得我得给观众一些背景信息，因为这里发生的事情太多了。

I think I just wanna give my audience some context because there's so much going on here.

所以各位，大背景是英国正陷入困境，东印度公司和比尔——我不确定他有没有提到，但东印度公司与议会关系极为紧密，因为议会中大多数人要么大量投资了东印度公司，要么英国整个经济都与东印度公司紧密相连。

So folks, the big story is England is in trouble, and the East India Company and Bill, I don't think he said this, but the East India Company is so tied into parliament because most people in parliament are invested heavily in the East India Company or the whole economy of England is tied in with the East India Company.

所以这真是典型的‘太大而不能倒’。

So it really is the classic too big to fail.

我们不得不救助他们，而他们想出了一个非常 cynical 的计划，各位。

Think we have to bail them out and they come up with a very cynical plan, folks.

当我弄清楚这一点时，比尔，我觉得挺有意思的，因为我当时正努力理解究竟是什么导致了波士顿倾茶事件。

When I figured this out, Bill, it's kind of interesting because I was really trying to understand what led to the Boston Tea Party.

这对我来说说不通，为什么殖民者会如此愤怒？

Like it didn't make sense to me, why would the colonists be so angry?

答案是，他们察觉到英国议会试图欺骗他们。

And the answer is they could smell that the British parliament was trying to hoodwink them.

英国议会基本上说：为了拯救东印度公司，我们有个小计划。

The British parliament says basically, well, to save the East India Company, we've got a little plan.

我们要通过一些财务上的花招，保留茶叶税，但把价格压得这么低，人为地迫使美国人购买茶叶。

We are going to do this kind of finagling, financial finagling to make this tax on tea, to keep the tax on tea, but we're gonna lower the price so much, artificially lower the price sort of to force the Americans to buy the tea.

当他们因为价格太低而忍不住购买茶叶时，美国人就等于承认了我们有向他们征税的权利。

And when they buy the tea at this low price, because they can't resist because it's so low, the Americans will be conceding that we have the right to tax them.

这真是一个非常 cynical 的计划，据我估计——我在我的书里也写过——美国人说：不，不，不，我们不会上当，我们宁愿死也不喝这种加了税的茶。

So it was a very cynical thing and it's my estimation, I mean, write about it in my book that the Americans said, oh no, no, no, we're not gonna go for this, we would rather die than drink your tea with the tax on it.

我们不会为它缴税。

We're not gonna pay the tax on it.

所以这真是件令人惊叹的事：大英帝国如此 cynical，他们以为，只要给低价格，美国人就会抛弃原则，去买他们的茶。

So it's really this just amazing thing where you have this the British empire is kind of cynical and they think, you know what, if we give them the low prices, they're gonna they're gonna throw their principles out the window and they're gonna buy the tea.

而美国人坚决反对，这当然引发了后来的爆发——我们就不细说了，1773年12月的波士顿倾茶事件，这件事让英国非常愤怒，也直接导致了你现在所谈论的一切，因为虽然有很多导火索，但这件事无疑是其中最大的一个。

And the Americans said, absolutely not, which of course leads to this explosion, we're not gonna go into it more, of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773, which makes England very angry and really leads to everything that you're talking about now, because that was kind of like the there are many flash points, but that's kind of one of the biggest ones right there.

对。

Right.

所以我们是在对抗当时世界上最强大的全球性强国。

And so we are taking on the most powerful global power in the world.

大英帝国的疆域如此辽阔，太阳永不落下。

The sun never set on the British.

英国国王是个全球主义者。

The King of England was a globalist.

他就是那个站在顶端、推行单一世界政府的人。

He was a one world government guy with him at the top.

对吧？

Right?

然后到了1775年的康科德和列克星敦战役，有趣的是，在邦克山战役中，英军竟然带错了尺寸的炮弹。

And so then you have the seventeen seventy five Battle of Concord and Lexington, and then you interestingly enough, one of the miracles is that this is at the Battle of Bunker Hill, the British bring the wrong size cannonballs.

对吧？

Right?

他们带的是九磅炮，而我

They have nine pound cannons and I

我觉得，呃，是六磅的，抱歉。

think, you know, six pound I'm sorry.

你就在那里，事情太多了，这真有趣。

You're just there there's so much this is funny.

好吧。

Okay.

所以各位，这就是时间点。

So folks, this is this is the the timing.

所以1775年4月19日，发生了列克星敦和康科德战役。

So 04/19/1775, have Lexington and Concord.

所以那我们就不细说了，但两个月后，到了六月，我们就有了邦克山战役。

So that's, we're not gonna go into that, but now two months later, it's June and we have the battle of Bunker Hill.

当我发现这项法案时，我很高兴你提到这个，因为这简直太疯狂了。

And when I discovered this bill, I'm glad you're bringing this up because this is kind of crazy.

你刚才说他们运来了错误尺寸的炮弹。

You just said that they bring the wrong size cannonballs.

他们必须把所有这些东西拖过港口到查尔斯顿那边，结果却带来了与火炮不匹配的炮弹？

They have to drag all this stuff across the harbor to the Charlestown side and they bring the wrong size cannonballs for the cannons?

我的意思是，他们怎么可能犯这种错误？

I mean, who how could they make a mistake like that?

是的。

Yeah.

这是战争中首次使用火炮的战斗，所以他们还没跟上节奏。

Well well, this is the first engagement in the war where they were using cannons, and so they had not come up to speed.

英军一次又一次地冲上山丘，但都被美军击退，接着美军的火药用完了。

And the British charge up the hill once, charge up the hill twice, and the Americans are repelling, then the Americans run out of gunpowder.

然后就是多尔切斯特高地。

And then you have Dorchester Heights.

现在英国人占领了波士顿，而25岁的波士顿书商亨利·诺克斯和他的妻子露西不得不逃离。

So now the British take over Boston, and you have Henry Knox, 25 year old's bookseller in Boston, and he and his wife, Lucy, have to flee.

他年仅25岁，前往华盛顿提出一个想法：从提康德罗加堡获取大炮，穿越冰雪将它们拖运过来。

He is 25 years old, he goes to Washington and has an idea of getting cannons from Fort Ticonderoga, dragging them across the ice and snow.

花了好几个月才完成。

Takes months to get him

实际上，这正是我最喜爱的故事之一。

to Actually, that that is one of the favorite things.

我不知道你上五年级时有没有学过美国历史，但我上五年级时——我在书的致谢中提到过——我有一位老师，麦德维特先生。

I don't know if you if you had American history in fifth grade, but when I was in fifth grade, and I mentioned this in the acknowledgements to my book, I had a professor, a teacher, Mr.

他让这些历史活了起来，直到今天，五十年过去了，亨利·诺克斯那次远征——三百英里跋涉到提康德罗加，拖运十二万磅的大炮和其他火炮穿越群山与冰原——这个故事依然萦绕在我心头。

McDevitt, he made this stuff come to life to this day, fifty years later, I am still haunted by the story of Henry Knox making this trip, 300 mile trip to Ticonderoga to haul 120,000 pounds of cannon and other artillery through the mountains, through the ice.

这可以说是革命中鲜为人知的故事之一。

It's kind of one of the unknown stories of the revolution.

所以我专门写了一整章来讲述它，但很高兴你提到这个，因为人们并不知道，如果他没有做到这一点，我们就不可能把英国人赶出波士顿。

So I mean, I devote a whole chapter to it, but I'm glad you're bringing it up because people don't realize if he hadn't done that, we wouldn't have been able to chase the British out of Boston.

是的

Yeah.

于是他们把大炮部署在多尔切斯特高地，这是波士顿港地区最高的山丘，这意味着如果在那里部署大炮，射程足以击中英军舰船。

So they put them on Dorchester Heights, is the highest hill in the Boston Harbor area, which means if you have a cannon there, it can shoot far enough to hit the British ships.

因此，华盛顿的士兵甚至在大炮之间摆放了涂成黑色的木头，这样从远处用望远镜观察时，看起来就像有大量大炮一样。

And so the Washington's men even put logs painted black amongst the cannons, so when they would look from the distance with their telescopes, they would look like there's lots and lots of cannons.

英军指挥官决定发动进攻。

The British commander decides he's going to charge.

但出乎意料的是，马萨诸塞省议会这天举行斋戒和祈祷日。

But, lo and behold, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress has a day of fasting and prayer.

就在这个斋戒和祈祷的日子里，英军正准备装载船只，前往多尔切斯特高地。

And on this day of fasting and prayer, the British or they're loading their ships to go over to Dorchester Heights.

但天气异常恶劣，他们无法执行行动。

Well, it's so stormy, they can't carry out their operation.

这实际上是怎么回事？

This is actually what?

3月5日，英军将军威廉·豪用望远镜眺望，发现山顶上布满了大炮。

March 5 is when the British general William Howe looks up the tell has a telescope and looks up on sees all these candidates.

他说，叛军一晚上的作为，比我全军一个月的行动还要多。

He says, the rebels did more in one night than my whole army would have done in a month.

因此，第二天，3月6日，华盛顿说：‘本省定于3月7日为禁食、祷告和谦卑之日，以恳求赐予一切胜利的主，赦免我们众多的罪恶与邪恶，并祈求祂赐予大陆军神圣的保护。’

And so the next day, March 6, Washington says this, the March 7 being set apart by this province as a day of fasting, prayer, and humiliation, to implore the Lord and giver of all victory, to pardon our manifold sins and wickedness, that it would please him to bless the Continental Army with divine protection.

所有军官和士兵都必须严格遵守，在那天对主表示应有的敬意。

All officers and soldiers are strictly joined to pay due reverence to the lord on that day.

无论如何，第二天是3月7日，三千名英军本打算发动进攻，但天气变得异常恶劣，他们连船都上不去，只得放弃计划。

Anyway, so the next day is March 7, and that's when 3,000 British troops are gonna charge, but the weather gets so violent that they can't even get on their boats, and they have to give up their plans.

于是，豪向华盛顿传递消息：‘只要你们在我们撤离波士顿港时不开炮射击，我们就不会在撤离时焚毁这座城市。’

And so how sends a message to Washington, if you don't shoot your cannons at our boats while we're leaving the Boston Harbor, we won't torch the place on our way out.

这简直是一场奇迹，我们竟成功逼退了他们。

And so this was like a miracle that we were able to chase off.

华盛顿在写给弟弟的信中说：‘次日清晨，当他们发现我方工事后，立即着手准备进攻，但天气骤然变得狂暴，从而避免了大量流血，也阻止了一场至关重要的打击。’

Here's what Washington wrote to his younger brother, Upon their discovery of the works the next morning, great preparations were made for attacking them, but the weather getting very tempestuous, much blood was saved and a very important blow prevented.

我认为，这种最非凡的天意干预必有其深意，我毫不怀疑。

And that this most remarkable interposition of providence is for some wise purpose, I have not a doubt.

这就是华盛顿的做法。

So that was Washington.

现在，我想谈谈天意。根据诺亚·韦伯斯特1828年的词典，天意是指上帝对其造物的关怀与主宰，所谓天意，即指上帝本身。

Now, I want to mention providence, according to Noah Webster's 1828 dictionary, is the care and superintendence which God exercises over His creatures by divine providence is understood God Himself.

所以当你看到这些时，他们觉得直接说出耶稣的名字太过亲密了。

So when you see this, they thought it was a little bit too personal to say Jesus by name.

你会想，比如说，华盛顿称他的父母为‘先生’和‘夫人’。

You would want to, like, say, you know, you he called Washington called his parents sir and ma'am.

你说得对。

You're right.

现在，美国人的情绪非常高涨。

So now the the Americans are pretty high.

他们说：嘿。

They're like, hey.

我们只需要在山上架几门大炮，念几段祷告，英国人就会撤退。

All we gotta do is put some cannons on a hill and say some prayers, and the British leave.

接下来，军队人数从大约两千人猛增到两万人，士气高涨。

Well, the next is the ranks mushroom from, like, 2,000 to 20,000 soldiers, and there's enthusiasm.

英国人则向纽约的布鲁克林进发。

And the British head to New York, Brooklyn.

等等。

Wait.

我的意思是，我我

I mean, I I

我觉得我刚刚漏掉了什么。

think I just missed something.

所以你刚才提到，为了背景说明，美国人把提康德罗加的火炮——由亨利·诺克斯运来——部署在多切斯特高地，英军看到后心想：天哪，我们火力处于绝对劣势，完蛋了。

So you said, again for framing here, said that, so the Americans put these guns from Ticonderoga that Henry Knox brings to your miles, they put them on Dorchester Heights, the British see them, they think, oh my goodness, we're outgunned, we're dead.

但你没提到的一点，我觉得也很有意思，那就是豪将军竟然想发动进攻，这本身就够疯狂的，而天气救了他，因为天气太恶劣，他只好决定取消整个行动。

Now, what you didn't say, which I find also interesting is that General Howe, just the fact that he wanted to attack was kind of crazy and the weather really saved him because the weather was so bad that he thought, okay, we're gonna call the whole thing off.

当然，他和华盛顿达成了一项协议：只要你们在我们撤离时不向我们开火，我们就不会烧毁这座城市。

And of course makes this bargain with Washington says, I tell you what, if you don't fire at us as we leave, we won't burn the town down.

那时取得了巨大胜利，华盛顿明白：英国人要撤退了，但他们不会永远离开。

So great victory at that point, now Washington knows, okay, we're gonna the British are leaving, but they're not leaving for good.

他们会前往哈利法克斯。

They're going up to Halifax.

他们很可能还会回到纽约。

They'll be back probably in New York.

于是华盛顿率军前往纽约。

So Washington takes the army to New York.

你刚才说了一点，我没太明白你的意思。

And you just said something there, which I I I wasn't really clear on what you were saying.

所以，我们重新说一遍，因为当时你说到关键点了。

So so start again with that with the because you were right at that point.

大家好。

Hey, folks.

在我们继续邀请嘉宾之前，我想说，很多人只在有头条新闻时才捐款，但MDA并不会随着新闻周期的推进而放缓脚步。

Before we get back to our guests, I just wanna say a lot of people donate when there's headline, but MDA, doesn't get to slow down when the news cycle moves on.

MDA是以色列的国家急救系统。

MDA is Israel's national EMS system.

这意味着紧急情况不会在今天、明天或下个月停止——心脏病发作、交通事故、创伤、手术、血液短缺，这些情况持续不断。

That means emergencies don't stop today, tomorrow, next month, heart attacks, accidents, trauma, surgeries, blood shortages, they're constant.

维持这个系统的运转需要持续的支持。

Keeping that system strong requires ongoing support.

当你向美国马加·大卫·阿多姆之友捐款时，你是在资助那些让一切成为可能的基础工作。

When you give to the American friends of Magen David Adom, you're funding the basics that make everything else possible.

包括路上的救护车、用于创伤和手术的血库、急救人员的培训，以及每班次都在使用的设备。

Ambulances on the road, blood banks for trauma and surgery, training for first responders, and equipment that's used every single shift.

这不是象征性的捐赠。

This is not symbolic giving.

这是切实挽救生命的援助。

This is practical life saving support.

如果你想让捐赠产生直接可衡量的影响，这是最明确的方式之一。

If you want your donation to have direct measurable impact, this is one of the clearest ways to do it.

前往 savinglifeisrael.org。

Go to savinglifeisrael.org.

那就是 savinglifeisrael.org。

That's savinglifeisrael.org.

是的。

Yeah.

因此，美国的热情非常高涨。

So the enthusiasm in America was high.

于是华盛顿在纽约和布鲁克林高地集结力量，港口里停满了400艘船，32,000名英军士兵。

And so Washington digs in in New York and Brooklyn Heights, and the harbor fills up with 400 ships, 32,000 British troops.

这些船上配备了多层火炮。

We're talking multiple cannon levels on these ships.

这是人类历史上集结过的最强大的火力。

It's the it the most firepower ever assembled in world history.

他们说，港口看起来像一片森林。

And they said that the harbor looked like a forest of trees.

现在，局势开始稳定下来。

And now it's beginning to settle in.

美国正在对抗世界上最强大的军事力量。

America is taking on the most powerful military force.

果然，大陆会议宣布了一天禁食。

And lo and behold, the Continental Congress has a day of fasting.

我们郑重建议将1776年5月17日定为忏悔、禁食和祈祷的日子。

We earnestly recommend the 05/17/1776, be observed as a day of humiliation, fasting, prayer.

现在这是大陆会议，而不仅仅是马萨诸塞省议会。

So now this is the Continental Congress, not just the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.

好的。

Okay.

所以是1776年5月17日，再过两个月我们就将迎来这一事件的二百五十周年纪念。

So 05/17/1776, which we're gonna have the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of that coming up in two months.

特朗普总统曾表示，在那一天，五月，我们将重新将国家奉献给上帝。

President Trump has said on that day, May, we're going to rededicate the nation to God.

但我们选择2026年5月17日，是因为你所说的——大陆会议在1776年5月17日这一天，宣布要设立一个全国性的祈祷、禁食和悔罪日。

But the reason we picked 05/17/2026 is because of what you're saying, is the Continental Congress said on that day, 05/17/1776, we're going to have a national day of prayer and fasting and humiliation.

比尔，我认为很重要的是要指出，国会竟然呼吁设立一个祈祷和禁食日，这真是太了不起了，国会。

And I think it's important Bill to say that how amazing that Congress called a day of prayer and fasting, Congress.

所以，任何不理解政教分离概念的人，其实都做过这件事。

So anybody who doesn't understand the concept of separation of church and state, did this.

这就是我们人民的本质——我们仰望上帝，自建国之初就公开这样做，而这正是最经典的例子。

This is who we are as a people, we look to God, we've done this publicly since the beginning, and this is the classic example of it.

因此，1776年5月17日是国会确立的日期，他们早在1776年3月就已决定，而再过两个月，我们就要庆祝这个祈祷与禁食的日子。

So 05/17/1776 is the date that was established by Congress and they established it sometime in March 1776, but that two months from now, we're gonna have this day of prayer and fasting.

国会，各位，你们明白吗？

The Congress, folks, do you understand?

国会。

The Congress.

所以请继续。

So please continue.

是的，人们会说，哦，他们只是一群自然神论者。

Yeah, and people say, oh, well they're a bunch of deists.

但听听这个禁食宣言的其余部分。

Well, listen to the rest of this day of fasting proclamation.

它说：通过耶稣基督的功德和中保，获得祂的赦免与宽恕。

And it says, and through the merits and mediation of Jesus Christ, obtain his pardon and forgiveness.

这是一致通过的。

This is unanimously passed.

国会由圣公会、公理会、长老会、浸信会、路德宗、一位天主教徒，以及浸信会和贵格会成员组成。

The congress is made up of Anglicans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Baptists, Lutherans, one Catholic, and, you know, Baptists and Quaker.

所以这些人都是基督徒。

And so these were Christians.

华盛顿收到了关于禁食祷告日的命令，并向他的部队传达了这一指示。

And Washington gets this order for the day of fasting prayer, and he tells his troops.

大陆议会已下令将本月17日星期五定为禁食日，谦卑地恳求全能上帝施恩，赦免我们所有的罪恶与过犯。

The Continental Congress, having ordered the Friday, May 17, in instant, to be observed as the day of fasting, humiliation, prayer, humbly to supplicate the mercy of almighty God who pleased him to pardon all our manifold sins and transgressions.

将军命令所有军官和士兵严格遵守大陆议会的命令，等等。

The general commands all officers and soldiers to pay strict obedience to the orders of the Continental Congress, so on and so forth.

现在华盛顿来到了纽约。

So now Washington is in New York.

我们快进到七月，迎来了《独立宣言》。

We fast forward to July, and we have the Declaration of Independence.

他们迅速将一份副本送交华盛顿，他在7月9日向部队宣读了这份宣言。

And they rush a copy out to Washington, and he reads it to his troops on July 9.

随后，他发布了一项命令。

And then afterwards, he follows up with an order.

7月9日，总司令希望并相信，每一位军官和士兵都应努力以符合基督徒士兵的身份生活和行动，捍卫祖国最珍贵的权利与自由。

On July 9, a general hopes and trusts that every officer and man will endeavor to live and act as becomes a Christian soldier defending the dearest rights and liberties of his country.

随后，华盛顿写信给他的弟弟，预计纽约将迎来一个极其血腥的夏天。

And then Washington writes to his younger brother, expect a very bloody summer of it at New York.

我们在人力和武器上都尚未做好准备。

We are not either in men or arms prepared for it.

如果我们的事业是正义的——我虔诚地相信它确实是——那么曾经多次庇佑我们的上天，仍将继续赐予我们援助。

If our cause is just, as I do most religiously believe it to be, the same providence which has in many instances appeared for us will still go on to afford us its aid.

于是，这就是华盛顿。

And so here's Washington.

他驻守在布鲁克林高地，面对着所有的战舰。

He's dug in, Brooklyn Heights facing all those ships.

嗯，这里有个效忠派。

Well, there's a loyalist.

什么是效忠派？

And what's a loyalist?

就是那些住在美洲却效忠于敌人的家伙。

That's somebody who lives in America, but they're loyal to the enemy.

他们向英军指明了远离视线的登陆地点，然后整夜行军，穿过牙买加通道，于1776年8月27日清晨从后方袭击华盛顿。

And they show the British where to land far away so the Americans can't see them and then march all night long through Jamaica Pass to attack Washington from behind on the morning of 08/27/1766.

把这看作是华盛顿的失误，因为——当然，我在我的书里也讲过这个故事——当你登陆时，基本上是在布鲁克林的远端、长岛这边，穿越过程中会经过戈万努斯高地，一共有四条通道，我们防守了其中三条。

See that as a failure on Washington's part because the, and again, of course I tell this story in my book too, but there are four passes as you land on, basically it's the far side of Brooklyn, Long Island, and as you're making your way across, there's the Gowanus Heights and there are four passes and we defended three of them.

而最远的那条，牙买加通道，我们几乎觉得：算了，他们不会走那么远。

And the farthest one, the Jamaica Pass, we pretty much said, nah, they're not gonna go that far.

正如你所说，是的，他们确实走了。

And as you said, yes, they did.

一个保皇派告诉了他们这件事，并说：如果你们整夜行军穿过牙买加通道，就能绕到后方，包抄美军，而事实也正是如此。

A loyalist told them about it and said, if you march all through the night to the Jamaica Pass, you can do an end run, you can outflank the American army, and obviously that's just what they did.

于是在1776年8月27日清晨，英军从后方袭击了华盛顿，三千名美军阵亡。

And and so on the morning of 08/27/1776, the British attacked Washington from behind, and 3,000 Americans died.

这是整个独立战争中规模最大的一场战役，而且是整个美军的主力。

It's is the largest battle of the entire Revolutionary War, and it's the entire American army.

没有后备部队在其他地方待命。

There's no second string somewhere else.

这就是全部了。

This is it.

如果我们在这里失败了，一切都完了，美国将像印度或其他地方一样，沦为另一个英国殖民地。

If we lose here, it's over, and America is just another British colony like India or one of the others.

于是，士兵们正在死去。

And and so the men are dying.

英军只损失了数百人。

The British only lose, a few 100.

现在，华盛顿正在观察马里兰州团，这些年轻人六次直接冲向英军阵线，最终400人全部阵亡。

Now Washington, he's watching the Maryland regiment, and these young men charged six times directly into the British ranks, and all 400 of them die.

从远处，华盛顿说：‘天啊，我今天失去了多么勇敢的将士啊。’

And from a distance, Washington said, good god, what brave fellows I have lost this day.

于是，太阳落山了，华盛顿被逼到了水边。

And so now the sun goes down, and Washington is pinned against the water.

形势看起来极其绝望，就在这时，他想到了一个主意。

And it looks pretty hopeless, and that's when he has an idea.

面对一侧的八千英军和另一侧的水域，他决定找来所有能找到的船只，把士兵们渡过东河，撤往曼哈顿岛。

With these 8,000 British troops on one side and the water on the other side, he decides to get every boat he can find and ferry his men across to Manhattan Island, across the East River.

他们安静而沉默地行动，搬运大炮和马匹，随后太阳开始升起。

And they're doing it in quiet and in silence, moving cannons and horses, and then the sun starts to come up.

他只转移了一半的军队。

And he had only moved half the army.

本·塔尔梅奇少校写道：随着第二天黎明临近，我们这些仍留在战壕里的人对自己的安危感到极度焦虑，当黎明到来时，仍有数个团在坚守阵地。

Major Ben Talmadge writes, As the dawn of the next day approached, those of us who remained in the trenches became very anxious for our own safety, and when the dawn appeared, there were several regiments still on duty.

此时，一股浓雾从河面上升起，并以一种奇特的方式笼罩了双方的营地。

At this time, a very dense fog began to rise off the river and seemed to settle in a peculiar manner over both encampments.

我对这一奇特而天意般的景象记忆犹新，当时空气稠密得令人窒息。

I recollect this peculiar providential occurrence perfectly well, and so very dense was the atmosphere.

我几乎看不清六码外的人影。

I could scarcely discern a man at six yards distance.

我们一直等到太阳升起，但雾气依旧浓重如初。

We tarried until the sun had risen, but the fog remained as dense as ever.

因此，华盛顿得以将整个军队转移完毕。

So Washington was able to move all of his army.

他是最后离开的那艘船上的乘客。

He was on the last boat that left.

雾散了，英军发起冲锋，却发现空无一人。

The fog lifts, the British charge, no one's there.

这是英军一举全歼整个美军的最后机会。

It was the last chance the British had to capture the entire American army all at once.

因此，华盛顿后来说：战争进程中天意如此明显，若有人缺乏信仰，那他比无神论者还不如。

And so Washington later says, The hand of providence has been so conspicuous in the course of the war that he must be worse than an infidel that lacks faith.

但等我现在的职务结束时，再当传道人也不迟。

But it will be time enough for me to turn preacher when my present appointment ceases.

而且，这些故事都收录在我们的书《美国历史中的奇迹》里。

And and again, these are all stories in our book, Miracles in American History.

《美国历史中的奇迹》是你的书。

Miracles in American History is your book.

《美国历史中的奇迹》，威廉·费德勒。

Miracles in American History, William Federer.

比尔，我们就到这里吧。

Bill, we're gonna leave it there.

对我来说，这才是终极的奇迹。

That to me is the ultimate miracle.

我的意思是，有很多奇迹，但这个让你不禁想：这该怎么解释？

I mean, there's many miracles, but that's the one where you just go, how do you explain that?

对我来说，这是整个故事的高潮之一，是革命史上最具震撼力的时刻之一。

To me, that's one of the high points of the whole story, one of the most amazing moments in the story of the revolution.

但感谢你所做的一切工作。

But thank you for all the work you do.

你写了这么多关于这些主题的书。

You have so many books on these subjects.

朋友们，去了解一下威廉·费德勒，你会受益匪浅。

Folks, look up William Federer and you will be blessed.

比尔，谢谢你来参加。

Bill, thanks for coming on.

嘿，能和你在一起真好，埃里克。

Hey, great to be with you, Eric.

大家好。

Hi, everyone.

如果你在事故中受伤了，请听好了。

If you were injured in an accident, listen up.

我们有法律专业人士随时为您解答问题。

We have legal professionals standing by to answer your questions.

您可以了解自己是否拥有索赔资格以及案件可能的价值。

You can find out if you have a case and how much it's potentially worth.

我是吉娜·贝利奇，还有超级碗冠军、两次入选职业碗的弗农·戴维斯。

I'm Gina Belich along with Super Bowl champ and two time Pro Bowler Vernon Davis.

所以，弗农，告诉所有观看的人，谁现在应该立即打电话。

So Vernon, tell everyone watching who should call right now.

嗯，吉娜，如果你或你认识的人在一场非你责任的事故中受伤了，请立即给我们打电话。

Well, Gina, if you or someone you know were injured in an accident that was not your fault, give us a call right now.

你可以了解自己是否有案件，以及它可能值多少钱。

You can find out if you have a case and how much money it's potentially worth.

谢谢，弗农。

Thanks Vernon.

你知道，电话一直忙个不停。

You know, the phones have really been busy.

那么，我们接到的都是些什么类型的电话呢？

So what kind of calls have we been getting?

我们接到的电话涉及各种事故，从车祸到滑倒摔伤，还有许多其他情况。

We're getting calls about all types of accidents, from car accidents to slip and falls, and so many others.

所以，如果你在事故中受伤了，不要独自面对。

So if you were injured in an accident, don't go at it alone.

拨打免费案件评估电话，了解你的案件可能值多少钱。

Call for a free case review and find out how much your case is potentially worth.

谢谢，弗农。

Thanks Vernon.

你听到了吧。

You heard the man.

立即打电话，看看你能获得多少赔偿。

Call now to find out how much money you qualify for.