特朗普关税政策面临重大考验，空中交通大幅削减

你好，我是索拉娜·派恩，《纽约时报》的视频总监。多年来，我的团队制作了众多视频，带您近距离接触重大新闻时刻，这些由时报记者制作的视频具备专业视角，帮助您理解事件动态。现在，我们将这些视频呈现在《纽约时报》应用的'观看'栏目中。

Hi. I'm Solana Pine. I'm the director of video at The New York Times. For years, my team has made videos that bring you closer to big news moments, videos by Times journalists that have the expertise to help you understand what's going on. Now we're bringing those videos to you in the watch tab in The New York Times app.

这是一个专属视频流，您能确信所见内容的可信度。所有视频均可免费观看，无需订阅。立即下载《纽约时报》应用开始观看。

It's a dedicated video feed where you know you can trust what you're seeing. All the videos there are free for anyone to watch. You don't have to be a subscriber. Download The New York Times app to start watching.

这里是《纽约时报》头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯，暂代特蕾西·芒福德。今天是11月6日星期四。以下是今日焦点：昨日最高法院审理了本庭期最具影响力的案件之一，大法官们就特朗普总统大幅加征关税的争议听取了辩论。

From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis in for Tracy Mumford. Today's Thursday, November 6. Here's what we're covering. At the Supreme Court yesterday, the justices heard one of the most consequential cases of the term as they considered arguments about president Trump's aggressive use of tariffs.

本案核心争议在于特朗普总统援引一项数十年前的法律对进口商品全面加征关税时，是否逾越了其职权范围。

The question at the center of the case is whether Trump overstepped his authority when he used a decades old law to impose sweeping surcharges on goods coming into The US.

我需要在此明确一个关键区别：我们并非主张此处行使的是征税权，而是调节对外贸易的权力。这些——

I wanna make a very important distinction here. We don't contend that what's being exercised here is the power to tax. It's the power to regulate foreign commerce. These are

政府律师辩称该法律赋予总统应对经济及国家安全威胁的广泛权限。历任总统曾据此实施制裁或禁运，但特朗普是首位将其用于加征关税的总统。

Lawyers for the government argued that the law gives the president broad authority to respond to economic and national security threats. Past presidents have used it to impose things like sanctions or embargoes, but Trump is the first president to use it for tariffs.

我实在无法理解这个论点。征税权属于国会而非总统。你们声称关税不是税，但它们本质上就是税——这些钱款直接来自美国公民的财政收入。

I just don't understand this argument. It's a congressional power, not a presidential power to tax. And you wanna say tariffs are not taxes, but that's exactly what they are. They're generating money from American citizens' revenue.

法院的自由派大法官尖锐地质询了政府，保守派多数中的几位关键成员也加入质疑，他们对特朗普实施广泛关税的权限表示怀疑。

The court's liberal justices sharply questioned the administration, and they were joined by several key members of the conservative majority who seemed skeptical of Trump's authority to impose the widespread tariffs.

我是说，这些措施几乎是全面性的。那么你的主张是，由于对国防和工业基础的威胁，每个国家都需要被加征关税吗？比如西班牙、法国。当然，我能理解对某些国家这样做。

I mean, these are kind of across the board. And so is it your contention that every country needed to be tariffed because of threats to the defense and industrial base? I mean, it Spain, France. I mean, I could see it with some countries.

在周三听证会前夕，特朗普总统称此案对我国'字面上是生死攸关'。特朗普的财政部长和商务部长亲临法庭旁听辩论。案件结果可能在数周或数月内出炉。若法院裁定政府败诉，可能被迫退还迄今征收的数十亿美元关税部分或全部款项。不过贸易专家指出，总统还有其他方式可对进口商品征税，包括一些鲜为人知的法律条款。

Ahead of Wednesday's hearing, president Trump said the case was, quote, literally life or death for our country. And Trump's treasury secretary and commerce secretary went to the courtroom to sit in on the arguments. The outcome of the case could be decided in weeks or in months. If the court rules against the administration, the government could be forced to refund some or all of the billions of dollars The US has collected in tariff revenue so far. Still, trade experts say there are other ways, including some obscure legal provisions that the president could use to tax imports going forward.

想了解更多听证会详情及其对总统权力的广泛影响，请收听今日《每日》节目，由《时代》杂志最高法院记者亚当·利普塔克主持。现在带来两条关于特朗普政府的最新消息。

For more on the hearing and what it could mean for presidential power more broadly, listen to today's episode of The Daily with Time Supreme Court reporter Adam Liptak. Now two more updates on the Trump administration.

我预计会出现更多混乱局面，民众也会感到沮丧。但归根结底，我们的唯一职责是确保这片空域尽可能安全。

I anticipate there'll be additional disruptions. There'll be frustration. But in the end, our sole role is to make sure that we keep this airspace as safe as possible.

交通部长肖恩·达菲表示，若政府停摆持续，联邦政府将从明日起限制全国40个最繁忙机场的航空交通。新限制可能导致在全年最繁忙旅行季前夕，数千航班被临时取消。达菲称此举将缓解空中交通管制员的压力，他们已处于极限工作状态——数周未领薪水，且在停摆前就因人手不足频繁加班。全国范围内，管制员缺勤已导致旅客遭遇严重延误。

Transportation secretary Sean Duffy says that the federal government will limit air traffic at 40 of the country's busiest airports starting tomorrow if the government shutdown continues. The new limits could lead to thousands of flights being canceled on short notice ahead of the busiest travel season of the year. Duffy said the move would lift some pressure from air traffic controllers who he said have been stretched to the limit. They haven't been paid for weeks, and many were working overtime shifts before the shutdown due to staffing shortages. Across the country, air traffic controller absences have already led to significant delays for travelers.

近几周来，达菲关于航空旅行受干扰的警告不断升级，且带有明显政治色彩，政府试图借此向民主党施压以结束停摆。此外，伊利诺伊州联邦法官命令移民官员改善芝加哥附近拘留中心的条件，他形容该设施存在'不必要的残酷'。政府必须为被拘留者提供淋浴、清洁饮用水和律师接触机会等。这项命令是在多名前被拘留者向法官描述该场所肮脏状况后次日下达的——没有肥皂、床铺，垃圾遍地，有人睡在水泥地上。虽然该设施设计用于短期拘留，但有人已被关押多日。

In recent weeks, the intensity of Duffy's warnings around disruptions to air travel have been ramping up and have been notably political as the administration has tried to turn up pressure on Democrats to end the shutdown. Also, a federal judge in Illinois has ordered immigration officials to improve conditions at a detention center near Chicago, conditions he had described as unnecessarily cruel. He said the government must provide detainees with showers, clean water, and access to lawyers, among other things. The order came a day after several former detainees told the judge about the site's squalid conditions with no soap, no beds, garbage everywhere, and some people sleeping on the concrete floor. While the facility was designed for short term detention, some people have been locked up there for days.

随着政府在芝加哥加强移民管控，当地频繁爆发抗议活动。国土安全部发言人在声明中称拘留中心条件恶劣的说法是'不实之词'。法官要求联邦官员在明天中午前提交进展报告。墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·舍恩鲍姆表示已对一名在街头对她实施猥亵的男子提起刑事诉讼，这起被摄像头拍下的事件震惊全国。

As the administration has ramped up its immigration crackdown in Chicago, there have been frequent protests outside. In a statement, a spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security said detainees' claims of poor conditions at the center are, quote, false. The judge gave federal officials until midday tomorrow to submit a report on their progress. Progress. In Mexico, president Claudia Schoenbaum says she's filed a criminal complaint against a man who groped her on the street, an incident that was caught on camera and shocked many in the country.

事件发生在周二。当时舍恩鲍姆总统为节省时间在没有安保的情况下步行前往墨西哥城中心参加会议，该男子试图亲吻她并将手放在她胸部。嫌疑人现已被捕。舍恩鲍姆在新闻发布会上表示：'如果这种事能发生在总统身上，我国其他年轻女性会遭遇什么？'作为墨西哥首位女总统，她将终结针对女性的暴力作为竞选核心议题。

It happened on Tuesday. She was walking between meetings in Central Mexico City to save time with no security when the man moved to kiss her and put his hands on her chest. He's since been arrested. Speaking at a press conference, Schoenbaum said, if this can happen to the president, what's going to happen to all the young women and women across our country? Shanebaum is Mexico's first female president, and she made ending violence against women a centerpiece of her campaign.

性骚扰在墨西哥尚不属于联邦罪行，甚至在某些州都不构成犯罪，舍恩鲍姆表示将推动官员重新审议。这起高调案件促使许多墨西哥女性反思公共场所遭遇咸猪手的普遍性，特别是公共交通上的不当接触。研究性别暴力的学者认为，总统公开指控的行为打破了现状，'传递出此类暴力真实存在的强烈信号'。最后——

Sexual harassment is not a federal crime in the country or even a crime in all Mexican states, something Schoenbaum said she'll ask officials to reconsider. For the moment, the high profile case has prompted many Mexican women to reflect on how common it is to be groped, even while walking in public during the day. Many women the Times spoke with recalled being touched inappropriately on public transit in particular. People who study gender based violence in the country said Schoenbaum's decision to speak out and press charges was a meaningful change in the status quo, with one saying, quote, it sends an important message that such violence is completely real. And finally.

近年来，交友软件深陷所谓'绝望循环'：用户下载应用、刷到大量匹配对象后，要么收不到回复，要么遭遇'已读不回'，最终删除应用，数月后又重新下载。这些问题严重影响了平台运营。随着用户订阅意愿降低，这些公司正面临盈利困境。为此它们正试图通过人工智能实现业务转型。

In the past few years, dating apps have struggled with what they call the cycle of despair, where you download an app, swipe on a bunch of matches, and then don't get responses or get ghosted and delete the app only to redownload it a few months later. These issues have really hurt the companies behind the dating apps. And as people are less willing to pay for subscriptions, the dating apps themselves are struggling to make money. So now they're trying to come up with a new plan to turn their businesses around, and that involves AI.

《纽约时报》科技记者埃利·谭持续追踪从Tinder到新兴AI初创公司的交友软件智能化趋势。他表示各平台正在推出系列工具，比如某AI红娘服务会让用户与聊天机器人进行半小时通话，询问理想伴侣标准，随后收取25美元提供'量身定制'的匹配对象。Grindr则推出名为'AI僚机'的对话建议功能。

Eli Tan is a technology reporter at The Times who's been covering the AIification of dating apps from top brands like Tinder to new AI native startups. He says there's a whole range of tools the apps are rolling out. One example, there's an AI matchmaker service that has you spend about a half hour on a phone call with a chatbot that asks you questions about the kind of person you're looking for. It then charges you $25 for a single custom match who's supposedly a great fit. There's also the app Grindr, which has what it calls an AI wingman that gives conversation advice.

Hinge允许用户通过AI审核个人资料并获得优化建议。

And Hinge lets you use AI to review your profile and give feedback about what to tweak.

这些功能能否普及尚待观察，但已有大量用户开始尝试。旧金山25岁的艾玛试用AI红娘服务后，虽然对约会感到紧张，但初次见面非常愉快——他们在酒吧畅谈数小时，互留电话并约定二次约会。但最终对方还是玩起了消失。

It's still yet to be seen if these features will catch on, but a lot of people are already turning to them. One person I talked to named Emma was a 25 year old in San Francisco. She tried out the AI matchmaker, and she was nervous about the date, but it ended up going great. They talked for multiple hours at a bar, and afterwards, they exchanged numbers and said they were looking forward to a second date. But in the end, he ghosted her and never texted her back.

我认为这提醒我们，人工智能和算法在约会生活中能做的毕竟有限。最终，还是需要两个真实的人彼此交流。

I think it's a reminder that the AI and the algorithms can only do so much for our dating lives. And in the end, it's still gonna be two human beings that are talking to each other.

以上就是今天的头条新闻。我是威尔·贾维斯。明天我们将带来最新动态和周五新闻问答环节。

Those are the headlines. I'm Will Jarvis. We'll be back tomorrow with the latest updates and the Friday news quiz.