年轻人无力偿还汽车贷款。我们可以提供帮助。

NPR。

NPR.

这里是《星球金钱》的《指标》节目。

This is The Indicator from Planet Money.

我是达里安·伍兹。

I'm Darien Woods.

希拉·拜尔在金融危机期间担任联邦存款保险公司主席。

Sheila Bair was the chair of the FDIC during the global financial crisis.

联邦存款保险公司是银行倒闭时保护我们的政府机构。

The FDIC is the government institution that protects us when banks fail.

在这个职位上，她亲眼目睹了人们负债过多时会发生什么。

And in that role, she saw firsthand what happens when people got into too much debt.

我见过太多人犯错，太多人缺乏基本的金融知识。

I've just seen so many people make mistakes, so many people lack basic knowledge.

没有什么比债务问题更让一个家庭陷入痛苦的了。

And there's nothing that will make a household, more miserable than debt problems.

于是，谢丽尔·贝爾决定写一本书，教大家怎么正确看待金钱，尤其针对年轻人。

So Sheila Bair decided to write a book to teach us how to think about money, and she focused specifically on young adults.

我想确保他们从一开始就走上正轨。

I wanna make sure they get off on the right start early on.

但很多人并没有做到。

Many of them don't.

如今，每二十笔给年轻人的汽车贷款中，就有一笔严重逾期，这个比例只有在谢丽尔任职FDIC、全球金融危机期间才出现过。

About one in twenty car loans made to young people is in serious delinquency right now, and that's a rate only exceeded in recent memory when Sheila was at the FDIC during the global financial crisis.

所以她在书里专门写了一章，讲怎么理性买车。

So in her book, she has one chapter about how to think about buying a car.

我们想，还有什么比直接请谢丽尔给年轻人做一对一咨询更好的办法呢？

So we thought, what better way to help young people than a personal consultation with Sheila?

而最好的方式，就是模仿NPR经典节目《Car Talk》的形式，来一场直播答疑。

And what better way to do it than with a call in show like NPR's classic Car Talk?

您好，欢迎收听国家公共广播电台的《Car Talk》，我是塔布兄弟，和您一起聊聊车。

Hello, and welcome to Car Talk on National Public Radio with us clicking clack with Tabith Brothers.

是的。

Yeah.

就是《Car Talk》，但专门给年轻人，只讲买车的事。

Car Talk, but just for young people and just for buying cars.

别走开。

Don't go anywhere.

这

This

是《Fresh Air》的联合主持人塔尼娅·莫斯利。

is Tanya Moseley, cohost of Fresh Air.

从邮寄选票到种族不公正划分选区，美国的自由公正选举正面临诸多挑战。

From mail in ballots to racial gerrymandering, a lot is at stake for America's free and fair elections.

我采访了记者阿里·伯曼，谈谈他所说的《投票权法案》所遭受的最后一击。

I spoke with journalist Ari Bairman about what he calls a final blow to the Voting Rights Act.

我担心，南方正重回吉姆·克劳时代的政治氛围。

My fear is that we are returning to a politics of Jim Crow in the South.

请在NPR应用或任何你听播客的平台收听《Fresh Air》。

Listen to fresh air on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

无论你是不是某个球队的铁粉

Whether you're dedicated to a team

我都希望他们能赢。

I want to see them win.

还是为国家加油

Rooting for a nation

我根本不是足球迷，但我就是支持我的同胞。

I'm not even a soccer fan, but I'm, I'm just repping my people.

或者只是单纯享受这项美丽运动带来的快乐。

Or just appreciate the joy the beautiful game inspires.

没有苏格兰，就没派对。

No Scotland, no party.

在NPR应用里找到世界杯专区，那里有NPR对赛事台前幕后的全部报道。

Find the World Cup tab in the NPR app, home to all of NPR's coverage on and off the pitch.

这里是《指标》节目带来的购车话题，来自《星球金钱》。

It's Car Buying Talk from The Indicator from Planet Money.

今天我们连线了前联邦存款保险公司主席谢丽尔·贝耶。

We have Sheila Bair on the line, former chair of the FDIC.

欢迎拨打888给我们打电话——不过这个号码是假的。

Give us a call at 888 That number is fake.

喂。

Hello.

您现在收听的是《购车话题》，嘉宾是谢丽尔·贝耶。

You're on car buying talk with Sheila Bair.

你好。

Hi.

我叫亚历克斯，全名是亚历山大·科列夫。

I'm Alex or Alexander Kolev.

我21岁，住在加利福尼亚州的科斯塔梅萨。

I'm 21 years old, and I live in Costa Mesa, California.

那你买车的困扰是什么？

So what's your car buying conundrum?

我现在骑自行车去哪儿都行，到目前为止还挺顺利的。

Right now, I've just been biking everywhere, and so far, that's worked out great.

但快毕业了，我开始意识到，可能得买辆车，才能方便出门，找份全职工作。

But as I finish up my senior year of college, I'm starting to realize that I might need to get a car to be able to drive around and, like, get a a a full time job.

我担心车价太高，会让我负担不起。

And I'm worried that that price is gonna kinda price me out of

现有的生活方式可能就维持不了了。

the current lifestyle I have.

我很欣赏你的谨慎态度。

So I so I love your skepticism.

你说得对。

You're right.

买车确实很贵，尤其是还得贷款才能买的话。

It's really expensive to have a car, especially if you need to borrow to, know, buy the car.

你每个月的车贷大概要六七百美元。

You're probably looking at 6 and $700 a month for the car payment.

这当然取决于你买多贵的车。

A lot of that depends obviously on on how expensive in a car you buy.

还有保险，对年轻人来说，起码得几百块起。

Then you've got the insurance, which is at least a couple 100 for a young man.

不好意思啊，但年轻人确实被收得更贵。

I'm sorry, but young men get charged more.

还有税费。

You've got taxes.

还有油钱。

You've got gasoline.

还有保养费用。

You've got maintenance.

还有停车费。

You've got parking.

养车真的特别贵。

It's really, really expensive, to own a car.

所以这事儿你得好好想想。

So it is something you need to think hard about.

而且说实话，你要是继续现在这样，对环境反而更友好。

And it's also, you know, it's it's so much better environmentally if you just keep doing what you're doing.

对吧？

Right?

或者找个公共交通的方案。

Or, or find a mass transit option.

我不确定你们市区有没有这种选择。

I don't know if that's available in your, in your urban area.

很多情况还不确定，因为你还没定下工作，也不清楚以后通勤会怎样。

And a lot of this is just the unknowns of of you haven't settled yet on a job and don't know what your commuting situation is and all of that.

我建议你先把这些问题弄清楚，再认真考虑买车的事。

And I would certainly advise to get that settled first before you really start thinking about seriously buying a car.

是的。

Yeah.

这确实很有道理。

That does that does make a lot of sense.

到目前为止，我的计划差不多就是这样。

That's kind of what my game plan has been so far.

对。

Mhmm.

我其他朋友都有车，所以我是唯一一个没车的，感觉有点怪。

All my other friends have cars, so it's kinda weird being the one guy without one.

但到目前为止，从经济角度来说，真没觉得买一辆车合算。

But, like, so far, it just hasn't, like, made a lot of economic sense Yeah.

在我下一步行动之前，就像你说的，对环境更好。

For me to take the next step when it really like like you said, it's better for the environment.

对我自己也好，而且现在骑自行车到处走完全没问题。

It's better for me, and it it works for me to bike around everywhere at at the moment.

祝你骑行愉快，亚历克斯。

Happy biking, Alex.

感谢你打来电话。

We appreciate your call.

好了，该下一位听众了。

Oh, time for another caller.

你现在收听的是谢丽尔·贝爾的购车咨询节目。

You're on car buying talk with Sheila Bair.

你好。

Hi.

我叫凯文·莱。

My name is Kevin Lay.

我23岁，现在住在德克萨斯州的休斯顿。

I'm 23, and I'm currently living in Houston, Texas.

那你买车方面有什么顾虑呢？

And what's your car buying concern?

我觉得我买车最大的顾虑就是价格高和车源紧张。

I think my biggest car buying concern is the cost and the lack of inventory.

你能说说你是做什么工作的吗？

Can you tell me what you do for a living?

我在四大会计师事务所之一做税务助理。

I work at, one of the big four accounting firms as a tax associate.

那你数学应该不错。

So you're probably good at math.

待会儿我们也许会聊一点跟数学相关的内容。

So we'll we'll maybe talk a little bit about math in this conversation.

不过咱们先说说，你买车主要是为了职业发展需要，还是单纯图个方便？

But let let's just start with why do you do you feel that a car is necessary to further your your career, or is it more you just like a car for the convenience?

现在主要是为了方便。

It's pretty much for convenience at this point.

我之前一直和家人共用一辆车。

So I've been sharing a car with my family.

是的

Yeah.

对

Yeah.

不过你得好好想想，毕竟车这东西挺贵的。

Well, I think you should think hard about it because, you know, it it cars are expensive.

咱们先聊聊预算，你能负担得起什么样的车。

Let's just talk about budget, what kind of car you can afford.

你心里有数了吗？

What are you thinking about?

你打算买什么样的车？打算怎么付款？

What are you thinking about buying, and how are you gonna finance it?

我考虑的是中型SUV，比如丰田汉兰达或者RAV4，预算在三万到六万美元之间。

I was thinking, like, a midsize SUV, something like a Toyota Highlander or a RAV four, anywhere between 30 to 60 k.

没错。

Right.

我手头大概有两万美元可以做首付，剩下的可能得找家人帮忙贷款或租赁。

I have about $20,000 to put on down payment, and I'd probably have to lease or borrow the rest from, like, a family member.

对。

Right.

你家里居然能提供资金支持，这点挺有意思的。

So, that's interesting that you you might have the financial wherewithal within your family to do the financing.

我来给你算笔账。

So let me just run some numbers by you.

如果你走常规汽车贷款，假设你有两万美元首付。

If you had to go to conventional, auto lender, let's just say, let's call it, you're gonna so you have a $20,000 down payment.

你想买一辆五万美元的车，那贷款部分就是三万美元。

You wanna buy a $50,000 car, so you're gonna pay $30,000.

新车的贷款利率，我们按当前市场水平来估算。

The, the interest rate for a new car we're talking about a new car, assume.

这样理解对吗？

Is that is that correct?

新车。

New car.

如果是新车，假设你贷四年，利率6%，贷款金额3万美元。

So for a new car, let's just say you do a four year loan, 6% interest rate, $3,030,000 dollars.

算上所有开销，你每个月轻松就要花一千美元。

You're looking at easily a thousand dollars a month all in for all the different expenses you're gonna suffer.

现在很多人选择买二手车。

A lot of people are going with used cars now.

这正是我书里推荐的做法。

That's certainly what I recommend in my book.

你有没有考虑过买一辆比新车便宜的二手车？

Have you thought about maybe buying a used car that'd be less expensive than a new car?

我本人确实看过一些二手车，但我父母不让我买。

Personally, I have looked into used cars, but my parents don't want me to get a used car.

我觉得他们主要是觉得买二手车没面子。

I think it's kind of, like, a status thing for them.

他们就是不喜欢二手车，我真的搞不懂。

They don't they don't like used cars, and I don't understand it.

所以我只能买新车了。

So that's why I'm having to get a new car.

二手车这事根本没得商量，毕竟我还跟父母住在一起。

The used car thing is kind of a hard no, because I still live with my parents.

是的。

Yeah.

我这个人吧，特别执着，从不轻言放弃。

Well, you know, I'm I'm I'm a tenacious never say die kind of person.

那我给你几个理由，你可以试着跟他们说说。

So so let me offer you some arguments maybe you could you give to them.

你现在有两万美元可以当首付。

You've got $20,000 now for a down payment.

我搜了一下，两万美元以内能买到不少二手车SUV。

I googled SUVs, used SUVs for less than 20,000.

我还看到几款紧凑型SUV。

And I saw some compact SUVs.

有一辆是斯巴鲁森林人，另一辆是现代途胜，我们家现在开的就是途胜，我对这车特别满意。

One was a suburban Subaru Forester, another was a Hyundai Tucson, which we have actually, but I'm very, very happy with the car.

它们的车龄都快70年了，但价格还不到两万美元。

And they were 68 years old, and they were less than 20,000.

所以你完全可以用现金买辆二手车，不用贷款。

So you are looking you would be able to pay cash for a used car without a loan

是的。

Yeah.

这能帮你省一大笔钱。

Which would be a huge, savings for you.

再强调一遍，你打算向家人借钱。

Let's say here again, you're gonna borrow.

你要向家里借钱。

You're gonna borrow from your family.

希望能有好条件吧，不过现在还不确定。

Hopefully, favorable terms, we don't know.

假设你付他们6%的利息。

But let's say you pay them 6% interest.

买新车多花三万美元，再加上大概四千块的利息。

So $30,000 additional cost to buy a new car, plus another 4,000 or so of interest cost.

这么一算，买新车比买二手车多花三万四千块。

So you're looking at $34,000 additional that you'll be paying for this versus buying a used car.

要是你把这三万四千块投进一个收益不错的退休账户，四十年后，等你快退休的时候，你就能拿到——请鼓掌——七十三万八千六百三十三美元。

If you took that $34,000 and put it in a well invested retirement account, but in forty years, by the time you start approaching retirement, you would have, drum roll please, $738,633.

七十三万八千六百三十三美元。

$738,633.

这可不是小数目。

That's a lot of money.

真是一大笔钱。

A lot of money.

最后我想强调一点，新车折旧真的特别快。

One final pitch I would make, is that, boy, new cars depreciate really, really quickly.

是的。

Yeah.

二手车保值的能力远比新车强得多。

The used car will hold value much better than a new car will.

所以我强烈建议你跟他们谈谈，花两万美元买一辆不错的二手车。

So I I would really encourage you talk with them about getting a good used car for 20,000.

他们现在想给你三万，不如直接存进你的退休账户。

You know, they wanna give you 30,000 now, put it in your retirement account.

买一辆靠谱的二手车，你能省下一大笔钱。

You're gonna be saving a lot of money by buying a good used car.

我一定会试试的。

I'll definitely try.

我第一次聊这个话题时，对话很快就结束了，但有了这些新信息，我现在更有底气了。

That's a conversation that was real short when I first had it, but maybe with this new information, I'd have more to back me up.

是的

Yeah.

如果你会算账，数学功底不错，那就会发现买二手车确实划算得多。

If you do taxes, you're good at math, and the math really adds up to buying a used car for sure.

没错

Yeah.

对

Yeah.

凯文，你觉得怎么样？

How does that sound, Kevin?

你觉得这个话题很难开口吗？

Does it sound like a a daunting conversation to have?

我觉得这会是一场挺有挑战性的对话。

I think it's gonna be a challenging conversation.

对他们来说，这关乎面子，而我只想省钱。

For them, it's prestige, and I want to save money.

但我觉得，既然花的是我自己的钱，要是我坚持一下，最后很可能买到一辆二手车。

But I think if I push for it, since it's my own money anyway, I could probably end up with a used car.

对。

Yeah.

谢谢你，凯文。

Well, thanks, Kevin.

祝你好运，凯文。

Good luck, Kevin.

希望一切都能如你所愿。

I hope I hope everything turns out the way you want it to.

我也希望如此。

I hope it does too.

非常感谢大家。

Thank you all so much.

希望你们剩下的时间都过得愉快。

Hope you enjoy the rest of y'all's day.

再次感谢你，凯文。

Thanks again, Kevin.

也感谢希拉·贝爾提供的金融建议。

And thanks, Sheila Bair, for your financial wisdom.

是的。

Yeah.

如果你想了解更多这类建议，希拉·贝爾的书《如何避免损失一百万美元》是年轻人避开金融系统陷阱的实用指南。

If you want more of that wisdom, Sheila Bair's book is How Not to Lose a Million Dollars, a young person's guide to avoiding the tricks and traps of our financial system.

又来了。

Well, it's happened again.

你又浪费了十分钟听《指标》节目聊买车的事。

You've squandered another ten minutes listening to The Indicator's car buying talk.

我们的制作人是天使·拉瑞卡·卡雷拉斯。

Our esteemed producer is Angel the Rare Car Galecta Carreras.

我们的工程师是特拉维斯·哈根。

Our engineer is Travis Pro Tools Pro Hagen.

事实核查由西耶拉·特鲁斯·弗罗姆·阿博夫·华雷斯完成。

Facts were checked by Sierra Truth From Above Juarez.

凯特·金·康拉德·野蛮人是我们的编辑，这可不是说着玩的。

Kate King Conan the Barbarian is our editor, and you better believe it.

这里是美国国家公共广播电台。

This is NPR National Public Radio.

这个

The

世界杯的淘汰赛阶段已经打响。

knockout phase of the World Cup is underway.

每一回合，紧张刺激的程度都在不断攀升。

At every stage, the excitement level goes up and up and up.

和陌生人一起在异国他乡，创造属于你们的珍贵回忆。

Creating core memories with strangers, you know, foreign land.

这才是真正重要的地方。

This is what it's really about.

NPR网络将继续为您带来世界杯的高潮与低谷报道。

Coverage of the highs and lows from the NPR network continues.

在NPR应用里找到世界杯专区，获取更多内容。

Find the World Cup tab in the NPR app for more.

你决定要多动起来了，是吧？

So you've decided you want to be more active.

运动科学家基思·迪亚兹说，先把智能手表收起来。

Exercise scientist, Keith Diaz, says put away the smartwatch.

先留意身体给出的自然信号。

Start by noticing your body's natural cues.

如果我们能养成重新关注身体感受的习惯，这种行为才更可能坚持下去。

For us to build a habit to check back in with our bodies, that behavior is much more likely to stick.

关注身体真正需要什么。

Tracking what the body needs.

这些内容来自《TED电台秀》播客。

That's on the Ted Radio Hour podcast.

可以在NPR应用上收听，或者在你常用的播客平台收听。

Listen on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.