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现在不用太担心税务问题。
I wouldn't worry about the tax at the moment.
你更该担心的是，利息赚得太少了。
I'd worry about the interest you're not earning enough.
各位听众，这可不够好。
Listeners, this isn't good enough.
有个徽章正在发放。
There's a badge going.
还有免费赠品。
There's freebies.
这档播客讲的是怎么省钱。
This is a podcast about saving money.
除了返现这件事，你刚才说的其他内容，我完全听不懂。
I literally could apart from this about cashback, I couldn't tell you anything you said at this point.
拥有信用评分的真正目的，是为了帮你获得合适的信贷产品。
The whole point of having a credit score is to enable you to get the right form of credit.
大家好，欢迎来到这个起得相当巧妙的马丁·刘易斯播客。
Hello, and welcome to the cunningly named the MartinLewisPodcast.
我还真好奇这期节目会聊点什么呢。
I do wonder what that's gonna be about.
这是我们的问答环节，你们这些特别精明的提问者，也就是我们的ESQ，可以问我任何你们想问的问题。
And this is our Question Time episode where you, our extra savvy questioners, ESQs get to ask me your questions on absolutely anything and everything.
当然，前提是在合理范围内。
Open brackets within reason, close brackets.
这周有听众问我，如果我们领救济金的话，
And this week, you asked me, we're on benefits.
储蓄利息需要交税吗？
So do we have to pay tax on savings interest?
为了提升信用评分，我该把旧信用卡注销掉吗？
Should I close my old credit card to boost my credit score?
我们是选高薪低养老金，还是低薪高养老金呢？
Should we go for higher pay lower pension or lower pay higher pension?
接下来，我们来讲一个关于慈善捐赠回报的成功案例。
Then we have a success on how giving to charity pays.
最后，你们问我，如果有机会，我会制定哪三条消费者保护法。
And to finish, you asked me what three consumer laws would I pass if I got the chance?
我当时是脱口而出的回答。
I answered off the top of my head.
欢迎你们分享看法，也告诉我你们会怎么做。
Let me know what you think and let me know what you'd do too.
播放主题曲。
Play the theme tune.
大家好，欢迎收听本期《问答时间》播客。
Hello and welcome to this week's episode of our Question Time podcast.
就是那个你们可以问我任何问题的节目，范围嘛，合理范围内就行。
Yes, it's the one where you can ask me questions on anything and everything open brackets within reason close brackets.
现在，给那些在等马修·伯纳姆教授、爵士、博士、先生，或者等节目制作人西蒙的朋友们。
Now for those of you waiting for Professor Sir Doctor Matthew Burnham Esquire or even for PPS podcast producer Simon.
哦不，这可不行。
Oh no, that's not happening.
今天，我有个存在主义的问题想问你。
Today, I have an existential question for you.
什么时候垫子不算垫子？
When is a mat not a mat?
我也不确定有没有答案，但今天我们请来的这位‘垫子’，可不是我们平时那位。
I'm not sure I have an answer, but today we do have mat with us, just not our usual mat.
今天的‘垫子’是马特·兰斯利，我可能得透露一个关于BBC的小秘密。
Today's mat is Matt Lanceley, and I probably need to reveal on that a secret about the BBC.
BBC有个专门的‘垫子’储藏室，把叫马特的优秀制作人关在里面，等需要时才放出来。
It has a mat cupboard where it keeps talented producers called Matt locked away until required.
那地方有点挤，也没什么福利，但有人说，BBC之所以有这么多‘马特’，就是想踩着他们干活。
It's a little cramped space, not many perks, but some say there are so many mats because the BBC wants to walk all over them.
不过咱们这档播客可不搞这种调侃。
Yet we won't have that type of talk on this podcast.
我们在这档播客里可不会随便拿制作人当垫脚石，虽然他是新人，但我可能会试着开个玩笑。
We don't walk all over mats on this podcast, although he's new, so I might give it a go.
让我来介绍一下这位新加入我们播客的嘉宾——唯一一位《问题时间》的制作人，马特·兰斯利。
So may I introduce new to this podcast, the one and the only Question Time producer, Matt Lansley.
你好，马特。
Hello, Matt.
你好，马丁。
Hello, Martin.
能来这儿真是太好了。
It's so good to be here.
是的。
Yeah.
你说得对。
You're right.
那个储物间确实有点挤，不过
The cupboard is is a little bit cramped sometimes, but
咱们能了解一下设施的情况吗？
Can we can we know about the facilities?
里面都有些什么？
What do they have in there?
嗯，显而易见，所有垫子共用一台电脑，不过只有排名最高的垫子才有优先使用权。
Well, I mean, obviously, they have one computer to share between all the mats, but, of course, it's only the the highest ranked mats to get to use it first.
那肯定是马特·伯纳姆了，对吧？
So that'd Matt Burnham, wouldn't it?
没错。
Yes.
那是当然。
Of course.
是的。
Yeah.
听众们看不到。
The the listeners can't see.
我实际上把数字三纹在了额头上。
I actually have the number three tattooed on my forehead.
天哪。
Oh, man.
排名顺序是马特·伯纳姆、马特·乔利，还有受人尊敬的Firelive主持人，然后才是我，前提是我要表现得好。
So it it it goes Matt Burnham, Matt Chorley, esteemed Firelive presenter, and then me, if I'm good.
不过，能来到这儿真的是一种莫大的荣幸。
But, you know, it's it's a massive treat to be here.
非常感谢你们邀请我。
Thanks ever so much for having me.
我假装很高兴有你来，但刚听说你排第三，我马上就得给编辑汤姆写信，问问凭什么我排在你后面。
I'm gonna pretend I'm delighted to have you, but I've just now I've heard that you're third ranked, I will be writing to editor Tom saying, you know, why am I down the pecking order?
这到底怎么回事？
What on earth is going on?
不过我听说，马特·乔利还站在唐宁街十号外面呢，抱歉。
But I believe Matt Chawley still stood outside Number 10 Downing Street, I'm afraid.
我可不希望马特·乔利来当我的制片人。
That's a whole I don't new want Matt Chawley producing me either.
那可就全变成政治游戏了。
It'll make it all political.
咱们可不想沾上这些。
We don't want any of that.
不管怎样，马特，很高兴你加入我们。
Anyway, Matt, is lovely to have you on board.
非常感谢你来参加节目。
Thank you so much for joining us.
今天由你来负责筛选问题。
You're going to be the curator of questions today.
你有什么想问我的？
What do you have for me?
你第一个问题是什么？
What have you got first?
这周我们第一位来信的是可爱的伊莲。
Our first Esquire this week is the lovely Elaine.
伊莲说：亲爱的马丁，我们是一对五十多岁的夫妻，唯一的收入是就业与支持津贴（支持组）和照顾者津贴，我知道这些收入是需要缴税的。
Elaine says, Dear Martin, we are a married couple in our 50s and our only income is ESA Support Group and Carers Allowance, which I know are taxable income.
我们有十一万五千英镑的储蓄，每年产生两千三百英镑的利息。
We have £115,000 in savings and earn £2,300 in interest annually.
所以我想问的是，我们的储蓄需要缴税吗？
So my question is, do we have to pay tax on our savings?
非常感谢你，伊莲。
Thank you very much, Elaine.
谢谢你提出这个问题，伊莲。
Thank you for your question, Elaine.
不过请原谅，我觉得你问的问题方向有点偏差。
But if you forgive me, I think you're asking me the wrong question.
我从你的问题里首先听到的是，你们有十一万五千英镑的储蓄，每年赚两千三百英镑的利息。
The first thing I hear in your question is, we have a £115,000 of savings and earn £2,300 in interest annually.
这点利息根本不够。
That's just not enough interest.
很多储蓄账户的利率都超过4%，有的甚至达到4.5%。
There are lots of savings accounts paying you over 4%, some at four and a half percent.
真正该问的是：我们有11.5万英镑储蓄，每年利息收入接近5000英镑。
That question should be, we have a £115,000 in savings and earn nearly £5,000 a year in interest annually.
所以最关键的是，你该把钱存在利率更高的储蓄账户里。
So the most important start point is that you should be in savings accounts that pay more.
我稍后会详细讲这个，但先回答你核心的问题，因为这关系到你的整体策略——你是否需要为储蓄利息缴税。
I'm gonna talk more about that in a moment, but let me answer your core question first because it does impact the strategy whether you pay tax on the savings or not.
你领取的就业与支持津贴不属于收入调查型福利，不过其中有些部分确实和收入有关。
Now you get employment and support allowance, which isn't a means tested benefit, although there are certain means tested elements of it.
你同时还领取照护津贴。
You also get carers allowance.
我估计你们从这两项津贴中获得的总收入大约在202.22英镑左右。
My guess is your total income from that is somewhere in the region of $202.22 £30.
我大概按这个水平算，也就是说你每年的收入大约在一万两千英镑左右。
I'm gonna put it around that level, which means annually you're earning somewhere around £12,000 a year.
现在，每个人每年从所有收入来源，包括储蓄利息，最多可以免税赚七千英镑。
Now everyone is allowed to earn $12.05 £70 a year from all earnings including savings interest.
仅凭你的就业与支持津贴和照顾者津贴，我估计你的收入就已经低于征税门槛了。
So just on your ESA and carers allowance alone, I suspect you're earning below the taxable amount.
但对于收入较低的人群，还有一项专门的储蓄免税额度。
But for people who have low earned income, there is a special savings allowance.
它叫作储蓄起征税率。
It's called the starting rate of savings.
这项政策规定，如果你是低收入者，仅从储蓄利息中额外多赚五千英镑也不用缴税。
And what that says is you can earn an extra £5,000 from savings interest alone if you are a low earner.
具体是怎么运作的呢？
So here's how it works.
你的免税额度最高可达一万两千五百七十英镑。
You've got up to £12,570.
每多赚一英镑收入，你的这五千英镑免税额度就会减少一英镑。
Now for every pound of earned income you have above that, you lose a pound of that £5,000 allowance.
用语音解释起来确实挺复杂，但我尽量说清楚。
It's really complicated to do in audio but let me try.
假设你的收入是一万三千五百七十英镑。
Imagine you had earned income of £13,570.
这样你就比一万两千五百七十英镑的额度高出一千英镑，意味着你从储蓄利息中享受的免税起始额度就变成四千英镑了；如果你的收入再增加一千英镑，这个额度就会降到三千英镑。另外别忘了，作为基本税率纳税人，你还能额外享受一千英镑的个人储蓄免税额度。
That puts you a thousand pounds above the £12,570 allowance, which means your starting savings rate, the extra amount from the starting savings rate you can earn from interest on your savings tax free is £4,000 If you earned a thousand pounds more from earned income, it would drop to £3,000 Plus remember as a basic rate taxpayer, you get a thousand pounds of personal savings allowance that you can earn from interest tax free.
所以综合来看，在你目前的情况下，我估计只要你的总收入和储蓄利息加起来不超过一万八千英镑左右，就完全不用缴税。
So all in all, in your circumstances, I think depending exactly what your earned income is, you could probably have earned income plus savings interest totaling up to around £18,000 and not pay any tax on it.
根据你刚才说的情况，你离这个额度还远得很。
And from what you've told me, you're not close to that.
就算我把你的利息提高到五千英镑，我觉得你还是远远没到这个界限，而且你还可以把一部分钱存在免税的现金存款账户里，利息本来就不用缴税。
And even if I boost your interest to £5,000, I still don't think you would be close to it, and you could always put some in a cash ISO where the interest is tax free anyway.
接下来，我想谈谈可能更重要的部分：你打算怎么办？
So on to what I think is probably the more important part, what do you do?
除非你的储蓄账户是定期的，否则你可以随时把钱取出来，转存到新的储蓄账户里。
Unless your savings accounts are currently fixed, you're free to take money out and put them in a new savings account.
所以我会考虑存一些钱进现金ISA，毕竟现在利率挺高的。
So I'd probably be putting some into a cash ISA just as rates are high.
目前利率最高的现金ISA是2.12%。
Top paying cash ISA at the moment is trading two one two.
我录这段话的时候，它有个促销利率是4.62%，不过这个利率会变动。
It's got a promo rate at the time of me recording this at 4.62%, but that does vary.
因为是现金ISA，你每年可以存2万英镑进去。
It's a cash ISA so you could put £20,000 in each.
这样你就能有4万英镑的存款，完全不用缴税。
So you could have £40,000 that is never taxable.
再往上的大额资金，如果想要灵活存取，像Chase这样的银行对新客户能给到4.5%的利率，前提是你之前不是他们的客户。
After that, for large amounts of money, easy access, you've got something like Chase which pays 4.5% for new customers, assuming you're not a customer there already.
Chase的关键是，你得先开个他们的银行账户才能享受这个利率，但这个账户你不用迁移现有账户就能开，也不会影响你的信用评分，全程通过App操作，还能拿到4.5%的利息。
Now the the key thing with Chase is you have to open its bank account to get it, but its bank account you can just open without switching to and it doesn't do a hard credit check, and you work it via an app and it pays you 4.5% interest.
一年后利率会下调，那时你可能想换个地方存，但即便降到新利率，也比你现在赚的要高，说实话。
After a year, the rate will drop and you'll want to switch elsewhere, but you'll get the 4.5% and the rate it drops to is still better than what you're earning at the moment, to be honest.
如果你愿意把钱锁定一段时间拿固定利率，现在马库斯有个不错的选项，它是高盛旗下的。
You've also if you could lock money away for a guaranteed rate, there's a nice offer at the moment from Marcus, which is part of Goldman Sachs.
这也是个纯手机操作的银行。
It's another app based bank.
你直接去马库斯申请，就能拿到一年期固定利率储蓄账户，利率是4.6%。
You simply go to Marcus and you can get a one year fixed savings account at 4.6%.
这个利率只比最高收益的产品略低一点，但特别的是，作为非现金ISA的定期储蓄，它允许你在急需用钱时提前支取。
That's only a smidge below the Best Buys, but uniquely as a non cash ISA fixed rate savings account, it allows you to close the account early if you needed to withdraw money.
提前支取的话会扣掉90天的利息作为罚金。
You would pay an interest penalty, ninety days worth of interest for doing that.
所以如果你觉得可能会用到这笔钱，就不适合存这里，但如果你想锁定一个稳稳的利率，又保留万一急需时能取出来的灵活性，这确实是个好选择。
So it isn't something you should be putting money in if you think you're going to need the money, but it's a great way to lock money away, get a guaranteed rate with the the option if you really needed it of taking money out.
如果你不喜欢手机银行，现在还有更多利率超过4%的账户可以选择。
And and there are just loads more accounts over 4% if you don't like the app based accounts.
网上有很多靠谱的信息来源。
There are good information sources online.
所以对你来说，眼下最要紧的不是担心税务问题。
So my most important thing for you is I wouldn't worry about the tax at the moment.
你该操心的是利息。
I'd worry about the interest.
你现在的收益太低了。
You're not earning enough.
伊莲，希望这些对你有帮助。
Elaine, I hope that helps you.
我猜你的生活一定挺不容易的，因为我知道，领取援助津贴的人通常都是因为残疾或健康问题而无法工作。
I suspect life is quite difficult because I know that, earning a support allowance is a benefit for people who have a disability or health condition that limits your ability to work.
所以，一定要让你的储蓄尽可能发挥最大效益。
So it's really important that you make those savings work as best as they possibly can for you.
接下来我们来看第二个问题。
So we're going to question two now.
现在，马特，其他马特的流程是这时候会接入一位来电者。
Now, Matt, the other Matt's format is at this point we have a caller.
你是照着其他马特的流程来，还是想走自己的风格？
Are you following other Matt's format or are you being your own Matt?
他因为我没严格按他的流程来，已经给我留了好几个威胁性的语音留言，我得向其他马特道个歉。
He's already left me several very threatening voicemails for not following his format quite strictly, so I apologize to other Matt for that.
这周大家都不太方便，有点犹豫，没怎么主动联系。
This week people were just very busy I'm afraid, and a little bit reticent to get in touch.
你有跟他们提过那个徽章吗？
Were you offering them the badge?
你知道吗？打电话进节目的人能拿到ESQ徽章。
Did you know about the ESQ badge that they would get if they call in on the show?
我只听说过ESQ徽章的事，但没亲眼见过。
I heard legend and tell of the ESQ badge.
这周没人领，真遗憾。
No one bit this week, I'm afraid.
各位听众，这样可不行。
Listeners, this isn't good enough.
有个徽章正等着你们呢。
There's a badge going.
还有免费的东西。
There's freebies.
这档播客讲的就是怎么省钱。
This is a podcast about saving money.
有免费福利你们居然没拿，真是可惜。
There was a freebie available and some of you didn't take it.
你们真该感到羞愧。
Hang your heads in shame, people.
真该为自己的行为感到羞愧。
Hang your heads in shame.
至于你，Matt，我觉得咱们得来个语音什么的。
As for you, Matt, I think we need a voice or something.
我觉得你得换种语气，咱们就当是有个听众打进来电话了。
I think you have to put on a different voice and we can pretend it's a caller.
这任务可真够棘手的，不过我接了。
Well, that is quite a challenge to lay at my doorstep, but I will.
我都听见你在心里嘀咕了：别啊，别拿我开涮。
I can just hear you going, oh, please don't do this to me.
但我真要这么做了，Matt。
I'm doing it though, Matt.
对不起啊。
I'm sorry.
提问环节本来就是这样。
That's the nature of question time.
我们就是要给大伙儿施加点压力。
We put people under pressure.
就是要让你们有点儿不自在。
We make them feel a little bit awkward.
不是我们的听众。
Not our callers.
我们让你感觉舒服，但这跟制作人有关。
We make you feel nice, but this is about the producers.
所以，制作人马特，你现在用的是哪种嗓音？
So, producer Matt, what voice are you using?
嗯，我倒是能模仿个差不多的澳大利亚口音。
Well, I I can I can do a half decent Australian?
来吧，试试看。
Let's do it.
那可不是。
That wasn't
那确实不是，不过……
that wasn't it then, but
我倒是可以
I I could
我试试
I would
这个问题是长还是短？
like is this a long or short question?
问题挺长的，但我愿意试试。
It's a fairly long question, but I will give it a go.
来吧，试试看。
Give it a go.
我们先听几句再说。
We'll get we'll get to a few sentences through.
要是实在难撑，我就放你一马。
If it's a nightmare, I'll let you off.
不然我们就继续。
Otherwise, we'll keep going.
你觉得怎么样？
How about that?
接受挑战。
Challenge acceptance.
好的。
Okay.
咱们开始吧。
Let's do this.
我们就这么推进了。
We're just going for this.
我会的。
I will.
你别担心。
Don't you worry.
我不是那种刻薄的人。
I'm not mean.
我
I
不行。
no.
不行。
No.
不行。
No.
到头来，我会显得特别能干，你觉得呢？
I I'm I'm gonna look very capable at the end of this, don't you?
好的。
Okay.
去吧。
Go for it.
这个问题来自艾莉森，我先说一下，免得待会儿乱成一锅粥。
So this question comes in from Alison, just to get that out of the way before this descends into into madness.
是的。
Yeah.
亲爱的，Risey联系了Matt。
Dear, Risey met Matt.
而且他们是发给Matt的。
And they addressed it to Matt.
是另一个Matt，不过咱们继续吧。
It was another Matt, but we'll go with keep going.
我喜欢这个。
I like it.
接着说。
Go on.
是的，Rosie还备注说，这才是发邮件的正确方式。
Yes, and there's a note from Rosie saying that's the correct way to address emails.
以后我们会注意的。
We'll bear that in mind going forward.
我支持
I'm for
关于返现奖励信用卡的一些建议，以及更换这些卡如何影响你的信用评分。
some advice regarding Cashback reward credit cards and how changing them affects your credit score.
我打算顺便提一下
I'm gonna throw in
我有个朋友。
a mate there.
我目前
I currently
我有一张凯撒贝克的信用卡，持有至少五年了。
have a Keshbeck credit card that I've held for at least five years.
第一年，它提供的凯撒贝克返现比例非常高，但随着时间的推移，
In the first year, it offered a very good Keshbeck percentage, but over time over time
我得打断一下，因为我更倾向于直接用现金返现。
I'm gonna have to stop you because I'm just gonna return using cash back.
凯撒贝克。
Kishbik.
你试着用澳大利亚口音说‘香草空气清新剂’。
Try saying vanilla air freshener in an Australian accent.
我完全没在听，除了现金返还，你说的别的我一句都没记住。
Completely could I literally could apart from it's about cash back, I couldn't tell you anything you've said at this point.
我彻底走神了。
I'm just completely lost focus.
Kishbik。
Kishbik.
哦，天哪。
Oh, no.
你要不要我接着讲下去？
Would you like me to get to that?
我不知道我想要什么。
I don't know what I want.
我觉得我觉得
I think I think
我得去干活了。
I need to do my job.
我觉得你得回去。
I think I think you need to go
用你平时的语调再读一遍吧，我都跟丢了。
back and read it in your normal voice because I've lost it.
好的。
Okay.
真的很抱歉，我的口音太地道了，居然把节奏打乱了。
I'm I'm very sorry that my accent was so good that it literally disrupted
Kishbik。
the Kishbik.
Kishpik，对。
Kishpik, yes.
咱们换个话题，你知道吗
Let's go over to my Does you know
罗斯也在大笑不止吗？
Rosie is also in hysterics?
老听众都知道，罗斯是所有事实的把关人。
For regulars, as you'll know, Rosie is the guardian of all of the facts.
她人在这儿，但没人听得到她。
She's here but never heard.
罗斯眼里也含着泪，跟我差不多。
And Rosie is also tears in her eyes, a bit like me.
好了，马特，我们重新开始吧。
Okay, Matt, why don't we start again?
明白。
Understood.
你想要我传统的那种吗？
And would you like my traditional
就你一个人。
Just you.
不具体的英语表达
Non specific English
语调。
tones.
好的。
Okay.
基什比克。
Kishbik.
对。
Right.
现在停一下。
Now stop.
亲爱的罗斯、马特和马丁。
Dear Rosie, Matt and Martin.
很好。
Good.
我想咨询一下关于返现信用卡的事，换卡会不会影响我的信用评分。
I'm looking for some advice regarding cashback reward credit cards and how changing them affects your credit score.
明白了。
Got it.
我现在有一张返现信用卡，已经用了至少五年了。
I currently have a cashback credit card that I've held for at least five years.
第一年返现比例特别高，但后来慢慢降到了几乎没什么返现。
In the first year, it offered a very good cashback percentage, but over time, the rewards have dropped to almost nothing.
所以我想申请一张新的返现卡，趁现在有更优惠的新人活动。
Because of that, I'm considering opening a new cashback card elsewhere to take advantage of better introductory offers.
但我听说，关闭老的信用卡账户可能会对信用评分和你跟银行的信用记录造成负面影响。
However, I've heard that closing old credit card accounts can negatively affect your credit score and your history with lenders.
我还担心，如果每年都换一张新卡、再关掉旧的，哪怕我每个月都全额还款，银行也可能觉得我风险太高。
I'm also concerned that opening a new cashback card every year and then closing old ones might make me look risky to lenders, even though I always pay my balance off in full every month.
全额还款。
In full.
而且从不欠债。
And never carry debt.
这种情况下，一般最好的做法是什么？
What would generally be the best approach in this situation?
他们还给你列出了几个选项。
And then they've given you sort of a multiple choice.
好的。
Okay.
我喜欢这个说法。
I like that.
这就像是一个智囊团。
It's like a mastermind.
是该保留旧卡同时申请新卡，还是开了新卡再关掉旧卡，或者干脆别频繁换卡？
Is it better to keep the old card open and apply for a new one, close the old card after opening a new one, or avoid switching cards too often?
我很希望能得到一些建议，帮我平衡好获取更高返现奖励和维持良好信用记录之间的关系。
I'd really appreciate any guidance on how to balance getting better cashback rewards while still maintaining a strong credit profile.
非常感谢你，Alison。
Many thanks, Alison.
非常感谢你提出这个问题，Alison。
Thank you so much for your question, Alison.
我常说的是，信用评分更像是一门艺术，而不是科学。
As I always say, credit scoring is more art than science.
所以这个问题并没有标准答案。
So there is no hard answer behind this.
从某种程度上说，我建议你别太纠结这件事。
And in a way, I would mainly say I wouldn't get too hung up about it.
从长远来看，这并不会造成太大影响。
This isn't going to have, in the long run, a huge effect.
短期内，你的信用报告机构可能会给你一个分数下降。
There might be a short term dip in the credit score your credit reference agencies give you.
记住，那些分数只是大致反映信用机构对你这类客户的看法，但每家机构在你申请时都会根据自己的标准单独打分。
Remember, they are just a loose indication of how that credit reference sees you as a typical customer, but each firm scores you when you actually apply, scores you differently based on its own wish list of what it wants.
这一点其实挺有意思的，因为背后涉及的因素特别多。
And this one is really interesting because there are lots of different factors at play here.
公司通常更看重长期稳定的记录。
Firms tend to like evidence of longevity.
所以当你关闭账户或者换卡的时候，对信用评分会有明显负面影响。
So when you're closing and when you're switching, that is mindingly negative.
不过在评估你的时候，信贷评分最看重的两个因素是你的负债比率，也就是你的无担保债务占年收入的比例。
But then when they assess you, two of the big factors that they look at when they're credit scoring is your debt ratio, your unsecured debt percentage of annual income.
但这个指标其实跟你有没有这些信用卡没关系。
Well, that's unaffected by you having these credit cards.
它根本不会变。
It doesn't change.
你并不是在增加借款总额。
You're not talking about borrowing more.
你只是换了一张卡来用而已。
You're just talking about using a different credit card for doing so.
但更值得关注的是你的信用利用率，也就是你实际使用的信用额度占总额度的比例。
But more interestingly is your credit utilization, which is the percentage of available credit used.
你可以这么说，如果你保留一张额外的卡，但消费金额没增加，那你的债务占可用信用的比例反而会下降。
Now you could argue that by keeping an extra card open and increasing the amount of credit you use if you're not spending any more, your debt as a proportion of the credit that you have is actually reduced.
所以确实有理由认为，拥有更多信用额度对你有好处，但信用利用率真正成问题，通常只发生在你债务比例很高的情况下——也就是你的无担保债务占年收入的比例过高。听你这么说，既然你在用返现信用卡，这种情况其实并不适用。
So there is an argument that having more credit would benefit you, but credit utilization only tends to really be an issue if you've got a high debt ratio, if you've got using a high proportion of your annual income as unsecured debt, which by the sound of it, if you're talking cash back credit cards, doesn't really matter.
我保留信用卡的主要原因，是银行可能会给老客户推出专属优惠。
My main reason for keeping a card open would be if they ever gave you existing customer card offers.
如果没这种优惠，而你又不需要额外的信用额度，我建议你干脆清理掉那些长期不用的旧卡，保持整洁。
If not, my preferred way of doing this, if you don't need the credit, I would keep it tidy and get rid of old unused credit cards.
虽然短期内你的信用评分可能会轻微下滑，但影响不会大。
While you may take a short term credit hit, it's only gonna be minor.
别在准备申请大额贷款前这么做，比如买房之前。
Don't do it just before you're about to make a big, you know, application.
如果你马上要申请房贷，那最好别动，甚至可以说，这一步特别重要。
Like, if you're about to get a mortgage, you're about to do some in fact, it's probably even important I go there.
在结束之前，我稍微调整一下刚才说的税务部分。
I'm just gonna change tax slightly before I finish that.
我一直觉得信用评分这个东西，其实它本身并不是一个真实存在的概念，更像是在积累你的信用资本，就像存钱一样。
I tend to think of your credit score, again, it doesn't actually exist as a concept, but building up your credit worthy enough as you like, a bit like savings.
你是在为将来需要的时候攒着。
You're saving it up for when you need it.
我总觉得挺有意思的是——不是好笑的那种有意思，而是有点奇怪——很多人特别怕信用分下降，结果什么事都不敢做。
And what I always find quite amusing, not in a funny way, but in sort of it's a strange way of thinking, is people get so worried about lowering their credit score that they don't do anything.
但信用评分存在的意义，本来就是为了让你能拿到合适的信贷产品。
Well, the whole point of having a credit score is to enable you to get the right form of credit.
是为了让你能拿到更低利率的房贷。
It's to enable you to get a cheaper mortgage.
是为了让你能拿到更低利率的余额转账服务。
It's to enable you to get a cheaper balance transfer.
是为了让你能拿到优惠力度大、返现高的信用卡。
It's to enable you to get a good and high paying cash back credit card.
所以，为了保护信用评分而不申请高返现的信用卡，这种想法根本说不通。
So the idea that you would not get a good and high paying cash back credit card to protect your credit score is a false logic.
你提升信用评分，就是为了能拿到高返现的信用卡。
You protect your credit score so you can get a good high paying cash back credit card.
这里头其实有个使用优先级。
Now there is a hierarchy of usage here.
房贷最重要，还清高息债务排第二，但听你这么说，其他那些情况好像都不太适用。
Mortgage most important, clearing off expensive debt second most important, but by the sound of that, not many of those other things apply.
所以你最该做的，是先考虑对自己最有利的选择。
So what you really want to do is do what's right for you first.
你的信用评分已经不错了。
You've got that credit score.
那就用它去做能带来最大好处的事——在这种情况下，除非你还有没提到的其他因素，否则最该做的就是申请那张高返现的信用卡。
Utilize it on the thing that will give you the most improvement, which is in this case, unless there's elements you haven't told me, which would change circumstances, in this case is getting your cash back credit card.
至于注销旧卡，我觉得还是办了吧。
As for closing the old card, I would probably do it.
如果你每年才操作一次，信用分可能会短期下滑一点，但不会长期影响你申请重要的金融产品。
If you're doing this once a year, might have a short term hit on the score that you see but it shouldn't really be a case of that is going to last a long time and give you a real detriment in a way that was stopping you getting any big important products.
关键是别在太短的时间内频繁申请各种信用卡或做太多笔交易。
Just be careful you're not doing lots of different transactions, lots of different applications in too short a space of time.
很多人对信用报告机构那点小小的分数波动太过紧张了。
People worry way too much about small moves in their credit scores from the credit reference agencies.
总有人联系我，说分数掉了三四分，我都会回他们：这有什么大不了的？
So many people get in touch with me and say it's dropped three or four points And it's like, who cares?
三四分根本算不上什么。
Three or four points is nothing.
要是分数一下掉两百分，那才说明系统出了问题。
If it drops 200, something systemic is going wrong.
要是只掉三四分，多半是某个信用机构根据某个极小的变动做了调整。
If it drops three or four, it's likely just how that particular credit reference agency is scoring based on something very, very minor.
别为这些小波动操心。
Don't sweat the small moves.
我觉得你想什么时候去办基斯贝克卡都行。
I think you're fine to go and get your Kishbeck card whenever you want.
啊，别开玩笑了。
Oh, no.
我收到了制片人马特发来的威胁语音留言。
I've got threatening voicemails from producer Matt.
我现在被整个澳大利亚禁止入境了。
I'm now banned from the entire nation of Australia.
是的，没问题。
Yeah, that's fine.
实际上，教授、爵士、博士。
Actually, Professor Sir Doctor.
马修·伯纳姆这种人，真会觉得他有本事把你从澳大利亚驱逐出去。
Matthew Burnham is quite is the type of person who would think he has the power to ban you from Australia.
我都能听见他说这话的样子。
I hear him saying that.
我能听见他这么做。
I could hear him doing it.
哦，天哪。
Oh, no.
好的。
Okay.
明白了。
Right.
我打算继续往前走，把邮件都静音了。
I'm moving on and muting my emails.
好的。
Okay.
所以我觉得咱们都是打电话的人。
So I think we're all callers.
我们后面还有安排吗？
Do we even have do we even have later?
我们有语音信箱吗？
Do we have a voice mail perhaps?
有的，有。
Yes, do.
我们有一条待命的语音留言。
We have a voice note standing by.
好的。
Okay.
不错。
Good.
在这期播客里，我们一会儿会听到一个不是我的声音——制作人马特，一位澳大利亚的制作人马特。
So we're gonna hear someone's voice other than me, producer Matt, an Australian producer Matt at some point in this podcast.
这样挺好。马特，你下一个问题是什么？
That's good to What's your next question for me, Matt?
接下来我们要做点不一样的事情。
Well, we're gonna do something a bit different now.
我们来听一个成功案例，哦，对，成功故事。
We're gonna go to one of our success stories Oh, success.
有时候我们会收到这样的反馈。
We get sent sometimes.
听到这些总是让人很开心。
Always great to hear.
这个来自苏格兰的莎拉。
This one's from Sarah in Scotland.
我不打算模仿口音。
Not gonna do an accent.
别担心。
Don't worry.
我有点失望。
Been slightly disappointed.
我有点……刚在看罗斯。
I'm slightly I'm just looking at Rosie.
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罗西，我是该试着让马特
Rosie, do I try and push Matt
说
to do
苏格兰口音，还是算了吧？
a Scottish accent or do I leave it?
罗西给我的眼神有点冷淡。
Rosie's given me a slightly scant look.
她觉得我们可能会冒犯一些苏格兰听众，所以我想，有人告诉我我们没法这么做了。
She thinks we might offend some of our Scottish listeners, and and and therefore, I think I've been told we can't do it.
我的苏格兰口音比我的澳洲口音还要差。
I my Scottish accent is far worse than my Australian.
这就足以说明问题了。
That should tell you everything you need to
你懂的。
know.
好的。
Okay.
没问题。
That's fine.
这是来自苏格兰的萨拉发给我们的成功案例。
So here's our success story then sent to us by Sarah in Scotland.
你好，马丁。
Hi, Martin.
我这几年一直是高税率纳税人，一直通过免税捐赠的方式定期支持多家慈善机构。
I have been a higher rate taxpayer for a couple of years now and give regularly to a number of charities using Gift Aid.
按照你们的建议，我给税务局写了一封信。
Following your advice, I wrote a letter to HMRC.
因为我的捐赠金额超过了在线申报的上限，所以我申请调整税号，把所有免税捐赠都列了进去。
I was over the amount of giving which can be claimed online and asked for my tax code to be changed, listing all my Gift Aid in giving.
他们现在已经调整了我的税号，并给我退回了1790英镑。
They have now changed my tax code and have sent me a £1,790 rebate.
在苏格兰生活特别有利，因为收入低很多就会进入高税率档。
It is especially useful living in Scotland as you become a higher rate taxpayer at a much lower income threshold.
非常感谢你，来自苏格兰的莎拉。
Thanks so much, Sarah in Scotland.
这真是我们的荣幸，莎拉，也特别感谢你捐给任何你选择的慈善机构。
Absolutely a pleasure, Sarah, and thank you so much for giving to whatever charities you chose to give to.
为了让大伙儿明白，如果你是英国纳税人，捐款给慈善机构时可以勾选‘赠与援助’选项，这样机构就能自动拿回你已缴的20%税款。
So people will know, Gift Aid, if you are a UK taxpayer, you are allowed to tick the Gift Aid box when you donate to a charity, and the charity automatically gets the 20% tax that you paid back.
因为有递补机制，你捐80镑，机构就能多拿20镑，80加20就是100，相当于多了25%。
Now because of reciprocals, so if you donate £80, it gets £20, and £20 on 80 is 25.
刚才我解释得有点绕，要是没听懂就别纠结了。
So the charity gets 25% on top, which is a needlessly complicated explanation I've just given you, so ignore that if you didn't get it.
但关键是，如果你是高税率纳税人、最高税率纳税人，或者住在苏格兰有不同税率档次的人，你有权申请退回超过20%的那部分税款。
But the point is, if you're a higher rate taxpayer or top rate taxpayer or in one of the different bands that are in Scotland, you are entitled to get back any excess tax you paid above the 20%.
举个简单例子，英格兰一个年收入40%税率的人，拿到100镑，到手是60镑。
So if we take the very simple example of somebody in England who is a higher 40% rate taxpayer, if you get paid a £100, you take home 60.
我们先不管国民保险。
We'll ignore National Insurance.
慈善机构可以申请到20英镑，这样你就相当于捐了80英镑。
The charity can claim £20, so that puts you up to 80.
这里还有另外20英镑。
There's another £20 there.
如果你在个人所得税申报表里申报了赠与援助，或者你没做申报但联系了税务局，就可以把这部分多缴的税申请退回。
And if you fit in your gift aid in your self assessment tax return or you get in touch with HMRC if you're not doing a self assessment tax return, you can claim that extra tax back.
当然，你也可以把退回的这笔钱再捐给慈善机构，然后继续申请额外的赠与援助，只要符合条件就行。
Now of course you could also then donate some of that to a charity too and claim extra gift aid back on the top of it if it all fits.
不过呢，我们之前在播客里也聊过这个话题。
But yes, we've done this before, talked about it in the pod before.
真没想到，很多高税率纳税人根本不知道，只要做了赠与援助，其实有一部分钱本来就是属于你的，你完全可以多捐一点，反正最后会退回来，记得去申请。
It's amazing how many people who are higher rate taxpayers who don't realize that when they do gift aid, there's a little bit of extra money that's yours, and you could even just make a bigger donation to charity knowing it's coming back to you and you should claim it.
非常感谢你联系我，Sarah。
You so much, Sarah, getting in touch.
非常感谢你的分享。
That's really appreciated.
接下来是我们今天最后一个问题了，我猜是吧。
Now we're going into our last question of the day, I presume.
是那个语音留言，还是那个搞笑的片段？
Is this the voice note or is that the funny?
语音留言才是那个搞笑的。
The voice note is the funny.
那个
The
语音留言
voice note
正等着你呢，在
is is awaiting you in the
很快就会到。
very near future.
好了，马特。
Alright, Matt.
我们就不模仿口音了。
We're not gonna do any accents.
就直接说，不搞花哨的。
We're just gonna keep this totally straight.
咱们开始吧。
Let's get into it.
这条是来自保罗的。
So this one comes in from Paul.
你好，马丁，还有主持人，括号，马特。
Hi, Martin, and the presenter, brackets, Matt.
我是说，保罗。
I mean, Paul.
拍马屁归拍马屁，马特·伯纳姆确实挺受捧的。
It's all very well to butter up Matt Burnham.
当然，马特并没有越界，但马特·伯纳姆确实有点过头了。
Matt here, of course, is is not jumping above his station, but Matt Burnham certainly is with that.
夸他几句没问题，但你还是希望我回答你的问题吧。
It's fine to butter him up, but you still want me to answer your question.
我觉得你得再谨慎一点。
I think you need to be a little bit more careful.
我要是说，咱们跳过这个问题吧。
I mean, I could say scrap this question.
咱们换下一个吧。
Let's go to a new one.
我要是这么说，马特，你会同意吗？
If I said that, Matt, would you allow it?
绝对不行。
Absolutely not.
保罗的问题就摆在我们面前呢。
We've got Paul's question in front of us.
马丁，我们得给他把答案找出来。
We need to we need to get him his answers, Martin.
别剧透，别剧透。
Spoil spoil.
那接着说吧。
Carry on then.
我这是替我女朋友问的。
I'm asking on behalf of my girlfriend.
她现在就职于一家公司，年薪大约两万八千英镑，公司还为她缴纳28%的养老金。
She currently works for an employer and earns around £28,000 a year with an employer pension contribution of 28%.
她收到了一份新工作，年薪三万四千英镑，但新公司的养老金缴纳比例只有6.5%。
She's been offered a new job that pays £34,000, but the new employee's pension contribution is only 6.5%.
是的。
Yeah.
我正在消化一下这些信息。
I'm just filtering that.
养老金缴存比例28%，
A pension contribution, 28%.
这比例简直太高了。
That is absolutely huge.
我猜这可能是那种最终薪资制的养老金计划，不过你继续说。
I'm guessing it might be a final salary type contribution at that type of level, but carry on.
她今年47岁，
She
已经在这家提供28%养老金缴存的公司工作了二十五年。
is 47 and has been employed with the 28% pension contribution company for twenty five years.
如果换工作，对她养老金积累更有利，还是留在现公司更好？
Would she be better off for her pension earnings into her pot by moving job or staying where she is for the bestment of her current employer's contributions?
她没法通过提高自己缴存比例来弥补新公司的差距。
She would not be able to increase her contributions to make the difference with her new employer.
这一切都假设她会工作到退休年龄。
This is all assuming she works till retirement age.
任何建议都会非常有帮助。
Any advice would be immensely appreciated.
保罗，非常欣赏你的工作，真心觉得你该被提名授勋。
Paul, love your work and genuinely think you should be nominated for a knighthood.
这是我的个人看法，但相信很多人也这么想。
Personal opinion, but I'm sure many agree.
谢谢你这么客气地提到保罗。
Oh, you very kindly for Paul.
让我先凭记忆算一下数字。
So let me just do some numbers off the top of my head.
第一份工作年薪2万8，加上26%到28%的养老金供款，相当于额外8千镑，总共大约3万6。
The first job is £28,000 but with a 26% or 28% contribution so that's around an £8,000 extra pension so it puts you at around $36.
第二份工作年薪3万4，养老金大约2千，加起来也是3万6。
Second job would pay you 34,000 with a pension of around 2,000, so that's also $36.
所以两份工作的整体报酬其实差不多。
So the total remuneration package is pretty similar on both.
我得说实话，我不太明白这句话的意思。
I have to be honest, I don't quite understand the line.
那句话到底是什么来着？
What was what was it?
马特，是不是她说没法……那句话怎么说来着？
Matt, was it she wouldn't be able to what's that line?
保罗说，她没法提高供款来弥补新雇主带来的差额。
Paul says she would not be able to increase her contributions to make up the difference with her new employer.
我不明白为什么不行。
I don't understand why not.
我得坦白说。
I need to be honest.
你多赚了六千英镑。
You're earning £6,000 more.
根据我粗略算一下，养老金的差额不到六千英镑。你完全可以把这六千英镑的加薪全放进养老金里，这样第二份工作的现金流和第一份完全一样，养老金也一样。
The difference between the pensions on my back of the envelope calculation is just under £6,000 You could easily put the entire £6,000 pay rise into your pension, and you'd have exactly the same cash flow on the second job as the first job and the same pension.
因为总额是一样的，别忘了，你的养老金缴款来自税前收入。
So because the total amounts are the same and remember, your pension contribution comes from pretax income.
所以不是说你实际到手的工资就只有这么多。
So it's not a question you're well, I'd only actually get in my pay packet this amount.
如果你做法正确，这笔钱是从税前收入里出的。
It's coming from pretax income if you're doing it the right way.
所以我还是不明白为什么不可以。
So I don't understand why not.
对我来说，这两者差别很小。
For me, this is very close.
我得注意，我们得拿同样的东西来比较。
What I need to be careful of is that we're comparing like for like.
养老金主要分两种：缴费确定型和待遇确定型，也就是常说的供款计划和薪资计划。
So there are two main types of pensions, defined contribution and defined benefit, better known as money purchase and salary schemes.
供款计划就是你积累一笔不小的金额，运气好的话，就用这笔钱来养老。
Money purchase is where you build up a big pot of money, hopefully, you're lucky, and you use that for your pension provision.
最终工资或平均工资计划是这样的：每年你积累的养老金大约是当年工资的三分之一，退休时你能拿到的金额，是最终工资或平均工资的一定比例。
Final or average salary schemes are where each year you earn, let's say you earn a third of a year's salary in pension contributions and what debt you get at the end is a percentage of your final or your average salary.
如果这两种都是这类计划，那确实很难直接比较。你需要向现公司要一份精算预测，看看如果留到退休，和现在离开，养老金会有怎样的差别。你应该有权利要求他们提供这份数据。
So if those if it's those two schemes, then it really is difficult to compare, and you would need to get a a projection on your current scheme, which is likely to be the final salary scheme if you stayed until retirement versus leaving now, and you should be able to ask them for that.
但如果假设这两个都是缴费确定型计划，根据你提供的信息，我觉得它们的差别其实不大。
But if I assume they're both money purchase schemes, I think they're pretty much of a muchness based on what you've told me.
我可能漏掉了什么，这只是一个粗略估算，不是精确结果。
I may be mussing something, so this is only back of the envelope.
归根结底，更重要的是哪个工作更适合你，哪个能让你更开心，哪个能带来更好的生活品质，哪个更有职业发展前景。
And ultimately then, I think this is far more about which job is better for you, which job would make you more happy, which job would give you the better lifestyle, which job has better career progression.
如果在其中一个岗位上待五年并获得晋升，它的薪资增长会不会明显高于另一个？
Does one of these jobs offer a higher salary if you stay in it for five years and you progress than the other one?
我觉得这些因素，和只看换工作当天的收入和养老金数额一样重要。
I think all of those factors are just as important at looking at the you know, just taking a a snapshot of the income on the day that you move and the pension on the day that you move.
抱歉，我没法给出确切答案。
So forgive me for not being able to answer.
如果她是公务员，那情况就复杂多了，但我也不确定她是不是。
It it's far more complicated if maybe it's a civil I don't know if she's a civil servant.
如果是公务员养老金，那现在通常是28%的缴费比例。
It's a civil servant pension currently because that's a sort of 28% contribution.
这种养老金非常优厚，具体要看你所在的计划。
And and it's very that's a gold plated type pension depending on the scheme that you're in.
但如果不是，那两种方案其实差别不大。
But if it's not, then it's much of a muchness.
抱歉刚才绕了点弯子，不过希望刚才的讨论对你有些启发。
Sorry for for going around there, but hopefully some interesting thoughts in the discussion for you anyway.
我们已经回答了四个问题，接下来这个，按节目安排，是个有点特别、不太实用、也谈不上省钱的问题。
So we've had our four questions, and in the format, this is now the funny or less a funny, more in a scant, different, and non practical money saving question.
对了，这周的轻松环节，马丁，我们给你准备了一条语音。
And, yes, for the funny this week, Martin, we've got a voice note for you.
嗨，马丁。
Hi, Martin.
我现在排在第二位。
I'm at number two.
你知道，议员们有机会提出私人法案。
As you know, MPs have the chance to introduce private members bills.
如果有人来找你，问你最想增加哪三项权利？
If one came to you and said, what three new rights would you like to add?
或者，你想废除哪一条过时的坏法律？
Or indeed, what would you like to take away for an old bad law?
你有什么想法？
What would your thoughts be?
很喜欢这个节目，期待听到你的见解。
Love the show and look forward to your ideas.
谢谢。
Thank you.
现在，马丁，我要严格一点了。
Now, Martin, I'm gonna be strict.
我知道你想法挺高远的，但这次咱们只谈消费者权益，好吗？
I know you've got ideas far above your station, but I'm gonna keep this I'm gonna keep this to consumer rights only, please.
谁说我的想法超出了我的身份？
Come to does one podcast tells me I've ideas above me station?
真不敢相信。
I can't believe it.
好吧。
Okay.
咱们好好想想。
So let's have a think.
三个。
Three.
和大多数人一样，我最近在忙的事最容易冒出来。
Now as always, like most people, things I'm currently working on tend to come to mind most pressingly.
就在国王演讲前，我发过一份声明，是关于我和‘金钱与心理健康政策研究所’这个慈善机构一起推动的事——今年没能推动独立监管催收人员，实在让人失望。
I I put out a statement just before the king's speech, on something I work on with my Money in Mental Health Policy Institute charity, which is that it's very disappointing this year that we're not getting independent regulation of bailiffs.
国内有太多人家里被催收人员敲门时，正面临着心理健康问题。
So many people in the country who have bailiffs knocking on their door have mental health problems.
我接到太多因催收人员导致的焦虑、痛苦、欺凌和不当对待的案例。
I get far too many cases of distress, upset, bullying, bad treatment coming from bailiffs.
我不是说所有催收人员都坏，但确实有太多催收人员行为失当。
That is not to say all bailiffs are bad, but it is to say that there are too many cases of bad behavior from bailiffs.
一个行业，能随意闯入他人家中拿走财产，而这么多住户本身就很脆弱，我实在无法相信单靠自我监管能行得通。
I simply think for an industry that is doing what it's doing, coming into people's homes and taking their stuff, and so many of those people are vulnerable people, I do not think you can rely on self regulation in that sector.
更让人气愤的是，政府又一次没有设立独立的催收行业监管机构。
And I think it's absolutely outrageous that yet again, no government is putting in to have a proper independent regulator of bailiffs.
这第一个问题就说到这里。
So that will be my first one.
第二个问题，关于消费者权益，你提到的。
Second one, on consumer rights, you say.
是的。
Yeah.
你瞧。
Look.
很简单。
Very simple.
就只是消费者权益。
Consumer rights only.
回想起当年《消费者权益法》出台时，我曾向议会的法案委员会作过证，我想是这么叫的。
Going back to when they brought in the Consumer Rights Act, I gave evidence to that parliamentary, committee for the bills committee, I think it's called.
当时他们总想强调：你们难道不高兴吗？我们推出了这么多新权利，消费者权益更强了。
And one of the things I said at the time was because they they basically wanted to say, don't you like all these new rights and these stronger consumer rights that we're putting in?
我确实高兴。
And I did.
我支持这项法案。
I was in favor of it.
但我当时指出，最大的问题在于，要落实这些权利，唯一的办法就是打官司。
But I said the biggest problem is the only way to enforce these rights is to go to court.
如果你的水壶或烤面包机出了问题，打官司实在太难了，让人望而却步。
And if you've got a faulty kettle or a faulty toaster, going to court is really difficult, is off putting.
所以人们虽然有这些权利，但一旦和公司发生纠纷，根本没法实际执行。
So people have these rights, but they can't enforce these rights if you have a dispute with a company.
所以我建议立法设立一个低成本的调解机制，作为替代性纠纷解决方式。
So I would probably put in a bill for a low end ombudsman alternative dispute resolution type.
随着人工智能的发展，甚至可以让AI来处理这些事。
I mean, with the growth of AI, we could even have AI doing it.
它可能做不到完美裁决，但至少能让消费者有个便宜、简单、快速，还可能免费的解决途径——遇到消费权益纠纷时，可以找一个独立第三方，获得一个对商家具有约束力的正式解决方案。
It may not give perfect adjudications, but at least it would give people a chance of having a cheap and easy and quick and hopefully free adjudication, where if they're having a consumer rights dispute, they can go to some form of independent third party, go to them, and get a proper resolution that is binding on the companies involved if there's a disagreement.
我觉得这对您提到的消费者权益领域会非常有帮助。
And I think that would be very useful strictly on your consumer rights area that you gave me.
第三点，说实话，我至少呼吁了十年了。
And the third one, and, yeah, I mean, this is one I've been calling for for at least a decade.
我把这一点也算作消费者权益的一部分。
I'm gonna count this as consumer rights.
你可能不这么想，但这是我的播客，好吧？
You may not, but, hey, it's my podcast, alright?
学生贷款。
Student finance.
学生贷款这个问题，早就成了政客们踢来踢去的皮球。
Student finance has been a political football for a very long time.
其中一个大问题就是，学生贷款的条款从来都不是固定的。
And one of the great problems is the terms at which people get their student loans are not locked down.
所以我希望出台一项法律，让贷款条件在你签约时就确定下来。
So what I would like to see is a statute that locks in the terms when you get them.
当然，这里也可以留点弹性空间。
Now, there is some flexibility here.
有些条款可以固定，有些则可以调整。
You could say certain terms are fixed and certain terms are variable.
比如，你每月按收入超过还款门槛部分的9%来还款，这个门槛随通胀上调，还期三十年——我觉得这9%的比例就该固定不变。
So let's take an example, you know, if you are repaying 9% of what you earn above a repayment threshold that goes up with inflation for thirty years, I would say the 9% is probably fixed.
三十年的期限大概也是固定的，而还款门槛则会在一定范围内随通胀调整。
The thirty years is probably fixed and the repayment threshold is probably variable within certain constraints.
这些条款应该写进法律里，让十八岁的年轻人在签署学生贷款合同时——按现行计划，很多人的贷款期限长达四十年——至少能清楚明白自己签的是什么，而不是在完全不懂金融体系的情况下就签字。
And that should be enshrined in law so that when young people aged 18 are signing up for a contract that with the current plan five student loans is a forty year contract for many of them, and they're doing it at 18 when they don't understand the financial system.
他们有权获得清晰、稳定的条款说明，不能让政府通过次级立法——也就是授权立法——来随意更改这些条件。
They should have at least some transparent, rigid understanding of what this is actually going to mean without allowing secondary legislation, that's delegated legislation, I.
那些不需要议会投票就能生效的授权条款，不应该被用来让未来的政府随心所欲地修改贷款条件。
E, those that don't have to pass a vote in parliament, to be able to change it at the whim of a future government.
所以我希望，贷款条款一旦确定，就永久锁定，不再变动。
So I would like to see the terms locked in at the point that you get them out.
我一直在反对现任财政大臣冻结还款门槛的做法。如果当初学生签约时就明确告知：还款门槛是可变的，未来可能被冻结，那即使我不同意，也不会觉得这是道德上的违约。但现在的情况是，政府事后改规则，等于毁约。
My entire campaign about the current chancellor freezing the repayment threshold, if it had been announced, I mean, I don't want it to happen, but if it students have been told when they signed up that the repayment threshold is variable and it can be changed and it can be frozen, then while I wouldn't like it, I wouldn't feel it's the moral breach that I think it is right now, which is a retrospective breach of contract.
所以我的第三条建议是：通过立法锁定学生贷款的条款，明确哪些是固定不变的，哪些是可以调整的。
So I would like to see my third rule is I'd like to see student loan terms locked in by statute with a knowledge of what is fixed and what is variable.
贷款期限实在太长了。
There's such long terms.
国家和贷款人之间的权力严重失衡，这种事不能只靠部长们一时兴起来决定。
There's such a misbalance of power between the state and the people who take out the loans that it should not just be left up to the whim of ministers.
就像我常说的，议会拥有全权。
And and, of course, as I always say, parliament is omnicompetent.
如果条款写进法律，政府真想改规则，也可以提交议会投票，将来照样能改。
If it is locked into statute and if a government really wanted to change the rules, then it could take a vote to parliament and it could change them in the future.
要改这些条款，必须达到这种分量和严肃程度才行。
And I think it needs to be that level of materiality, that level of force that should be in place before they can change it.
我刚才说得挺严肃的，是吧？
I got quite serious then, didn't I?
虽然不算搞笑，但我认为这确实是个重要问题。
Not really the funny, but I do think it's an important point.
不会。
Nope.
最后认真一点也没什么不好。
Nothing wrong with getting serious at the end.
我很高兴你没打算从今以后把每个星期四都定成马丁日之类的。
I'm just glad you didn't go down the route of deigning that every Thursday going forward is now Martin Day or something like that.
只在五台直播时才这样。
Only on five Live.
只在五台。
Only on
或者那些在这些日子听播客的人。
five Live or for people who are listening to the podcast on these days.
马特，我觉得我们处理得挺好的，你虽然是另一个马特，而不是平时那个马特，虽然大家写信都是找平时那个马特，但你很贴心地替他顶上了。
And Matt, I think we managed to well done, think we managed to navigate quite well, you being another Matt rather than the normal Matt, even though people are writing to our Matt rather than you, but you're very kindly stood in.
完全没问题。
It's no problem at all.
我早就习惯了。
I'm very used to it.
我经常在五台的马特·谢里节目里工作，那边有个叫马特的制片人，而我也叫马特。
I frequently work on Matt Shirley's show on Five Live, working for an editor called Matt, and then I'm called Matt.
所以经常有人扔东西来吸引我的注意。
So frequently people get my attention by throwing things at me.
BBC里真是个‘马特’仓库啊。
Really is a Matt cupboard at the BBC.
这话可是头一回在这儿听到。
You heard it here first.
马特，非常感谢你。
Matt, thank you very much.
能有你参与真是太好了。
It's been wonderful to have you.
你第一次参加《问题时间》感觉怎么样？
How have you enjoyed your first experience of doing Question Time?
这短暂的权力体验简直太棒了。
My small taste of power has been fantastic.
非常感谢你邀请我。
Thanks so much for having me.
我得去回一下那些澳大利亚人发来的愤怒语音留言了，是的。
I'm gonna go and reply to all those angry voice mails from Australians and Yeah.
主制作人，马特。
Main producer, Matt.
好的。
Okay.
感谢今天负责整理问题的马特·兰斯利，各位。
Thank you very much to today's curator of questions, Matt Lansley, everybody.
谢谢。
Thank you.
非常感谢。
Thank you so much.
好了。
Alright.
不行。
No.
好了。
Alright.
够了。
That's enough.
太多了。
That's too much.
你知道我不是那个人，对吧？
You know I'm not the other man, don't you?
是的。
Yep.
谢谢。
Thank you.
非常感谢。
Thank you so much.
这周的《问答时间》就到这里。
And that is it for this week's Question Time.
别忘了订阅，这样就能知道新一期什么时候更新了。
Don't forget to subscribe so you know when we release a new episode.
我们每周一更新《问答时间》，周四还会和阿德里安一起推出《重大话题》播客。
We put out a new Question Time pod each Monday alongside the Big Topic Podcast with Adrian on Thursdays.
你可真幸运啊。
Aren't you lucky?
每周两次省钱妙招，安排得明明白白。
Two doses of money saving tips and tricks a week.
没错，简直是海量实用技巧。
Yes, a veritable bog off.
我这就准备去做了。
And that's what I'm just about to do.
如果你有什么问题，随时发来。
But if you've got any questions, do send them in.
你可以发邮件到 MartinLewisPodcast@BBC.co.UK。
You can email MartinLewisPodcast@BBC.co.UK.
再见。
Bye bye.
马丁·刘易斯是MoneySavingExpert.com的创始人。
Martin Lewis is the founder of moneysavingexpert.com.
当然，市面上还有其他消费者和比价网站可供选择。
But of course, other consumer and price comparison websites are available.
如需联系马丁的播客制作团队，可发送邮件至 martinlewispodcast@bbc.co.uk。
You can get in touch with Martin's podcast production team by emailing martinlewispodcast@bbc.co.uk.
播客中提到的优惠和利率均为录制时的有效信息。
The offers and rates mentioned in the podcast are correct at the time of recording.
但如果你是点播收听，建议再核实一下，因为信息可能会过时。
However, if you are listening on demand, it's worth double checking as details can date.
无论通过什么平台收听，都别忘了在BBC Sounds上订阅并给我们留下评价。
Remember to subscribe on BBC Sounds and leave us a review however you listen.
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