问答时间：用储蓄提前还房贷合适吗？换银行会损害信用评分吗？如何找到我丈夫遗失的养老金？

你真正希望的是能早点还清房贷。

What you actually want to happen is that you are mortgage free sooner.

你最喜欢哪座桥？

What's your favorite bridge?

因为你开户时间还很短，这会不会对你造成负面影响？

Would that impact on you negative because you've only opened the account for a short period of time?

时机正好。

Great timing.

干得漂亮。

Well done.

这个问题很有意思。

That is a very interesting question.

我有十一万英镑。

I've got a £110,000.

我想先洗个手，谢谢。

I'd like to wash my hands first, please.

大家好，欢迎收听这个名字挺有心思的《马丁·刘易斯播客》。

Hello, and welcome to the cunningly named The Martin Lewis podcast.

我倒是挺好奇这期会聊些什么。

I do wonder what that's gonna be about.

这期是问答环节，你们是《时尚先生》的读者，问题都问得特别在行。

And this is our question time episode where you are Esquire's extremely savvy questioners.

你们可以问我任何问题，想问什么就问什么。

Get to ask me your questions on absolutely anything and everything.

当然，得在合理范围内。

Open brackets within reason.

就这么定了。

Close brackets.

这周你们问我，提前还房贷到底值不值，什么时候下手最合适？

And this week you asked me, is it worth overpaying my mortgage and when is the perfect time to do it?

换银行会不会伤信用评分？

Is switching bank a credit score killer?

我有一笔Plan二和一笔Plan五的学生贷款。

I've got a Plan two and Plan five student loan.

要是有两笔贷款，还款是怎么算的？

How do the repayments work when you've got two?

怎么才能最容易找到我丈夫那些遗失的养老金？

What's the easiest way to track my husband's lost pensions?

我觉得他可能有好几笔。

Because I think he's got loads of them.

最后，你们问我，有没有什么地方是你们问过我最奇怪的财务问题的？

And finally, you asked me what's the most unusual place I've been asked a financial question.

我能先去洗个手吗？

Can I wash my hands first?

播放主题曲。

Play the theme tune.

大家好，欢迎收听本周的问答节目。

Hello and welcome to this week's question time podcast.

是的。

Yes.

这是个让你随便问任何问题的播客，所有问题都集中在一起。

The podcast where you get to ask me questions on anything and everything all set together.

当然，得在合理范围内，别跑题。

Open brackets within reason, close brackets.

很高兴你真的把问题范围收拢了。

Glad you actually opened the brackets and closed them.

我确实把范围定好了。

Did open the brackets.

上星期之后，我长记性了。

I've learnt my lesson after last week.

你已经听过他了，我特别高兴能请到教授、爵士、博士。

And I'm delighted you've already heard him, but I'm delighted to be joined by Professor, Sir, Doctor.

马修·伯恩汉姆先生。

Matthew Burnham, Esquire.

给自己鼓个掌吧，马特。

Add your own round of applause, Matt.

好了，就这样。

There we go.

你这么干的时候，我特别喜欢。

I do like it when you do that.

你最近怎么样，马特？

How are you, Matt?

但在聊你之前，

But before we get on to you,

她回来了。

she's back.

谁啊？

Who?

那个神秘人物，大家总在问却从不揭晓，掌握一切动向却始终笼罩在谜团中的GDP本人。

The enigma, the much asked about the never revealed, the oversight, knowing everything that's going on and yet completely shrouded in mystery, GDP herself.

这周Rosie回来了。

Rosie is back this week.

Rosie，你这次又回来了。

Now, Rosie, you're back.

你有听上周的播客吗？

Did you listen to last week's podcast?

你知道上周播客里发生了什么吗？

Do you know what happened in last week's podcast?

她正在摇头。

She's shaking her head.

哦。

Oh.

她根本不知道。

She doesn't know.

就是那个争议。

The controversy.

就是那个争议。

The controversy.

我们完全打破了常规格式。

We went completely counter format.

克莱尔替你上了节目，这点你清楚，我们俩都很喜欢克莱尔。

Claire was standing in for you, as you know, and we both love Claire.

克莱尔有机会打了声招呼。

Claire got to say hello.

罗斯的嘴张得大大的，一副震惊又无奈的样子，因为克莱尔故意说了句‘你好’，我想看看你会不会听节目然后做出反应，结果你根本没听。

Rosie's mouth is open wide in shock horror that Claire got to say hello deliberately, because I wanted to see if you were going to listen to the podcast and react to it and you didn't.

所以我对罗斯一点都不会心软，也不会觉得抱歉。

So I have I have no shame or sympathy for Rosie.

罗斯这完全是自作自受。

Rosie's got she's got herself.

她现在脸上的表情，有点像蒙娜丽莎在笑，但更夸张一点。

It's a slightly more laughing version of the Mona Lisa face on at the moment.

但她平时表情都看不出来，马特。

But she's typically unreadable, Matt.

对，确实让人猜不透。

Yeah, typically unreadable.

如果是第一次听的听众，现在肯定完全懵了。

For those of you listening for the first time, you'll be totally lost by this.

马特是我们负责筛选问题的人。

Matt is our curator of questions.

他决定哪些问题可以问我。

He is in charge of deciding what questions go to me.

在播客的设定里，他早就配得上这些头衔了，不过谁会把这套说法带出播客之外呢？

And within the canon of the podcast, has earned all those titles, although we can't use them outside the canon of But the who wants to go outside the canon of the podcast?

罗斯莉和我一起做了很多事。

Rosie works with me on lots of things I do.

她是我的研究员，但在播客里，她负责合规审查，还专门负责核实事实。

She is my researcher, but in the podcast, she is GDPR and she is here to live fact check.

她总是出现在台前，影响力巨大。

She's always seen, has huge amount of influence.

她是幕后真正掌权的人。

She's the power behind the throne.

如果有人总在猜，那些阴谋背后，到底是谁在暗中操控一切？

If you always wonder, if people wonder about conspiracies, who are the dark hands controlling what goes on?

在我们播客的设定里，那个人就是罗斯。

Well, within the canon of the podcast, that's Rosie.

我不知道，哦，对，现在在盯着我看呢。

I don't know oh yeah, getting stare.

聊点别的吧，马特，我有点担心了。

Talk about something else, Matt, I'm getting worried.

实际上，我一直在想，大家当然可以问你任何问题，对吧？

Well, actually, I was thinking so obviously people get to ask you anything and everything, don't they?

开放括号，在合理范围内，关闭括号。

Open brackets, within reason, close brackets.

没错。

Exactly.

我之前有一阵子没在，这点大家都清楚，那段时间由西蒙和马特代班。

So and I was off for a while, as we all know, and I was covered by Simon and Matt.

我离开期间参加了几场婚礼，你知道，当你喝了几杯之后——也许你没这经历，但当你喝多了，跟人聊得差不多了，闲话也说完了的时候——

And while I was off I was at a couple of weddings and you know when you're a few well you might not but when you're a few drinks in and you've been speaking to people and you don't really know what to say you've run out of small talk.

我以前也常喝酒，记得那种感觉。

I remember it from when I used to imbibe.

于是，在我有点醉醺醺的状态下，我想出一个问题来问每个人，一个有点出格、能让人打开话匣子的问题。马丁·刘易斯，我也想问你同样的问题。

So I came up with, in my somewhat intoxicated state, a question to ask everyone, a bit of a rogue question and one that would get people talking and so I want to ask you Martin Lewis the same question.

你现在就问，还是等节目快结束的时候再问？

Should you do it now or should we do it at the end of the podcast?

我本来打算在节目结尾提个问题，所以我想现在就问。

Well I've got a question for the end of the podcast so I want to do it now.

好的。

Okay.

你最喜欢哪座桥？

What's your favourite bridge?

我喜欢四手联弹那种。

I like it when you play it with four hands.

我最喜欢的桥。

My favorite bridge.

你看，这问题真能聊起来，我敢打赌你现在正想着：我最喜欢的桥是哪座呢？

See, it gets people talking and I bet you're listening now thinking, I wonder what my favorite bridge is?

好吧，我最喜欢的桥是一座挺丑的混凝土桥。

Okay, my favorite bridge is a relatively ugly concrete bridge.

但它之所以是我最喜欢的，是因为我每周或每两周跑步时，经常沿着运河跑，最近天气特别特别热。

But the reason it's my favorite bridge is when I go for my weekly or biweekly run, I often run along the canal and it has been very, very hot recently.

有座特别宽的混凝土桥，每当我决定该歇一会儿、躲躲太阳、喝点水的时候，我就会站到它下面。

And there's one quite wide concrete bridge when I've decided that it's time for that little bit of a stop and shade and to have a little bit of water that I stand under.

这座桥虽然丑，虽然是混凝土的，但它横跨运河，给我遮阳挡晒，特别实用。

And that bridge, while it's ugly, while it's concrete, it runs over the canal and it provides me with shade and protection.

我们真该感谢那些为人们提供阴凉和庇护的人。

And we should always be grateful for those who provide people with shade and protection.

在这档播客里，我特别喜欢我刚才做的这件事。

And in this podcast, I love what I've just done.

我刚意识到自己能这么做。

I've just realised what I can do.

在这档播客里，我提供庇护，马特给我遮阳。

And in this podcast, I provide the protection and Matt gives me shade.

不错啊。

Hey, very good.

真希望我事先能想到这一点。

See, I wish I'd planned that.

我懂。

I know.

能引发大家讨论。

Gets people talking.

这些做法

Do These

在婚礼上真的挺管用的。

have really worked at the wedding.

好的。

Alright.

咱们来问几个正经问题吧。

Let's do some proper questions.

我们已经聊了不少了。

We've done a lot of talking already.

还没真正问到问题呢。

We haven't got to a question.

直接开始吧。

Let's go straight into it.

行。

Okay.

Steven 和 Jade 给了一个问题。

Got one to start with from Steven and Jade.

他们发邮件到了 martin luispodcastbbc dot co dot uk。

They've emailed it into martin luispodcastbbc dot co dot uk.

他们写道：尊敬的、德高望重的萨尔福德海军上将马特·伯纳姆先生和马丁。

They say, dear, the finest right honorable Lord Admiral Matt Burnham of Salford and Martin.

我的意思是，认真点，你们是希望得到回答的吧。

Well, mean, seriously, and you want your question answered.

伯纳姆勋爵，我刚才叫你勋爵，可没真给你封地。

Lord Burnham of Salford, when I called you a Lord, I didn't give you a place.

当然没有。

No.

你可以想想，在这期播客里，如果你真成了某个地方的勋爵，那地方该是哪儿。

Maybe you can have a think about during the podcast where your place would be if you were Lord of somewhere.

肯定不会是萨尔福德。

It definitely wouldn't be Salford.

我接着说。

I'll carry on.

我和我太太快要把我们人生第一套房子的首次贷款还完了。

My wife and I are nearing the end of the first fix of our first ever mortgage.

马丁，告诉你一下，我们房子总价是23.9万英镑，贷款是17.9万。

For Martin's info, our house was £239,000 and our mortgage was £179,000.

我们现在正处在五年固定利率的最后一年，利率是1.68%。

And we're in the last year of a five year fix at 1.68%.

剩下的贷款余额是

Our remaining

这利率也太棒了吧！

What a rate!

1.68%？你这运气真是绝了，太会挑时候了，厉害，真厉害。

1.68%, you've managed oh, great timing, well done, well done.

他们剩下的余额是154,433.72英镑。

And their remaining balance is £154,433.72.

挺好的。

Good.

在这段固定利率期间，我们一直在攒钱，攒了24,000英镑，目的是在下一次申请房贷前，把贷款价值比降到60%以下。

During this fixed period, we have been squirrelling money away $24 with the aim of getting our loan to value below 60% ahead of our next mortgage fix application.

我们的问题是，什么时候把这笔积蓄一次性还进房贷里最合适？

Our question is when's best to lump our savings into the mortgage to overpay?

是在现在尽快还，还是在重新办理房贷的过程中还？

Now, soon or during the remortgaging process?

我们比较谨慎，因为规定每年超额还款不能超过剩余本金的10%，否则就要交罚金。

We're wary of a rule that we can only overpay 10% of the remaining value to and don't want to incur charges.

因为这些都是我们第一次接触，所以非常希望能得到一些帮助和建议。

Appreciate any help and advice as this is all new to us.

谢谢你们三位一直以来的付出。

Thanks for all you do to all three of you.

这是给你的，Rosie。Rosie笑得特别开心，不过我可没摆出蒙娜丽莎那种神秘微笑，那只是发自内心的真诚笑容。

That's for you Rosie, that's Rosie, big smile from Rosie, no I wasn't a Mona Lisa smile, that was just a genuine proper smile there.

好的，我们先说简短的答案：在你重新贷款的时候一次性还清。

Okey dokey, let's do short answer first, short answer at the point you remortgage.

现在说详细一点。

Long answer now.

如果你有存款，想提前还房贷，最好的理解方式是：你等于在用房贷利率存钱。

The best way to think about overpaying or reducing a mortgage balance if you've got savings is that you are saving at your mortgage rate.

我们来简单想一想。

Let's think about this really easily.

如果你的房贷利率是5%，那你还掉1000英镑，每年就省下50英镑的利息。

If your mortgage rate were 5%, then if you reduced what you owe by £1,000 you're saving yourself £50 interest a year.

如果你把这1000英镑存进储蓄账户，利率也是5%，那每年也赚50英镑。

If your saving rate were 5%, then by saving £1,000 you're earning £50 a year.

这两者本质上是一回事，只是换了个角度看。

They're akin, they're two sides of the same coin.

所以，这就是最简单的理解方式。

That's So the easy way to think about it.

你现在房贷利率低得离谱，只有1.68%。

Now your current mortgage rate is ridiculously low 1.68%.

我的一般原则是，如果你的房贷利率高于储蓄的税后收益，那最好提前还贷。

My standard rule of thumb is if your mortgage rate is higher than the after tax rate you can earn in savings, you're best to overpay the mortgage.

如果你的房贷利率低于储蓄的税后收益，那不如把钱存起来。

If your mortgage rate is lower than the after tax amount you can earn in savings, you're best to save.

你现在的房贷利率是1.68%。

Well, your mortgage rate currently is 1.68%.

目前市场上最好的储蓄产品，哪怕是大额存款，利率也能到4.5%。

Your best savings on the market, even for larger lump sums is 4.5%.

就算你是最高档税率45%的纳税人——我猜你根本不是——你的储蓄收益还是比房贷利息高。

Even if you were taxed at 45% as a top rate taxpayer, which I doubt you are, then you would still get more in savings than your mortgage rate is costing you right now.

所以你完全没必要提前还贷。

So there is absolutely no need for you to be overpaying.

不过你说得对，如果你在贷款时能降低贷款与房产价值的比例，也就是所谓的贷款成数LTV，那确实有好处。

But you're quite right, if you can reduce your loan to value when you borrow, so the loan to value your LTV on a mortgage is the amount of your house's current value at the point you're mortgaging that you're borrowing.

如果你能把贷款与价值比降到60%以下，就能拿到最优惠的房贷利率。

If you can reduce it below 60%, that's where you get the very best mortgage deals.

从60%到70%之间的差别其实没那么大，但60%确实是最划算的临界点。

Now the difference between 6070%, it won't be that huge, but still it's the sweet spot.

所以如果你有多余的储蓄，能帮你把比例降到60%以下，而且想拿去还房贷，那确实不错。

So if you've got that extra saving that can reduce you below 60%, and you want to put it towards your mortgage, great.

尤其是现在，五年固定利率的房贷早就不是1.68%了，正常情况下大概得4.5%左右，前提是你的条件还不错。

And that's especially because, you know, the top five year fix rate now, you ain't going to be getting 1.68%, you're probably going to be getting somewhere around 4.5%, assuming everything is working well for you.

这个利率和你存钱能拿到的收益差不多。

And that's about the same rate as the rate that you can earn in savings.

所以我的意思是，你现在把钱还进房贷，根本不会改变你的贷款与价值比，因为你的利率已经固定了。

So in essence, what I'm saying is, if you were to put the money into your mortgage now, you wouldn't get any loan to value basis because your mortgage is already fixed.

你贷款与价值比下降这件事，现在帮不上忙，只有下次再换房贷的时候才会起作用。

So the fact that your loan to values dropped won't help you, that will only help you when it comes to remortgaging.

眼下，你把钱存在银行，收益其实比房贷利息还高。

And you could earn more in savings than the mortgage is costing you right now.

所以从实际的金钱角度来说，你现在提前还贷并没有什么直接好处。

So there's no benefit to you on a sort of pounds and pence finance system.

等你到时候再换贷款时，五年固定利率大概还是在4.5%左右，和顶级储蓄账户的收益差不多。

When we get to the point of remortgaging, the likely rate you can get on a five year fix is ever going to be around 4.5, which is very similar to the rate you can get in top savings.

从财务角度看，这两种方式差别不大，但那时候如果你多还点房贷，就能降低贷款与房产价值比，从而争取到更低的利率。

So in financial terms on that basis, it's much of a muchness, but at that point, by using more money towards your mortgage, you are- you can reduce your loan to value that may enable you to get a mortgage rate.

换句话说，用储蓄来减少房贷本金，能帮你拿到更优惠的贷款利率。

So effectively, you've got the added benefit that, by using your savings to reduce your mortgage borrowing, you're getting a better mortgage rate.

这样一来，你的债务总额变小了，利息也省了不少，大概能省下150英镑左右，对你来说是挺划算的。

So your debt is cheaper on a much larger amount, your debts cheaper on around $150, which should be beneficial to you.

所以其实道理很简单，我只是想提醒你一点，你没提到这个，但我猜你已经这么做了。

So actually, it's quite simple, I would just a little bit of caution because you haven't mentioned it, I suspect you've done this.

但我始终建议你留出三到六个月的应急现金，不要全用在还房贷上。

But I would always want a three to six months cash emergency fund outside of the mortgage.

因为就算你提前还了很多贷款，贷款机构照样可能因为你断供而把你列入违约名单。

And that's because the fact you've overpaid or got a lower mortgage would not stop them putting you in arrears, I.

呃。

E.

你欠他们钱，如果将来还不了，他们可能会对你采取行动。

You owe them money and starting process against you, if you couldn't repay in future.

所以，最好在高息储蓄账户里留一笔流动资金，够付三到六个月的账单。这取决于你的理念和风险偏好，选哪个都行，但我总觉得这样更稳妥。

So to have that little stash of liquid cash in a top savings account somewhere three to six months worth of bills, it depends on your philosophy, how risk averse you are, which one you go for, then I always think that's a good idea.

所以，根据我刚才说的，对你来说，答案其实挺简单的。

So it's a pretty simple answer really, I think for you based on what I've got there.

我会继续把钱存进你目前利率最高的储蓄账户里。

And I would be continuing to squirrel this money away in the highest interest rate savings you've got.

等到了再贷款的时候，就把除了三到六个月生活费之外的钱全用来还房贷，减少贷款本金，让未来的利息更低。

And then when it comes to remortgaging, putting all but three to six months worth of bills money into the mortgage to reduce the amount that you're borrowing to make your mortgage be cheaper in future.

对一般听众来说，提前还房贷的目标其实是早点彻底还清贷款。

And for people listening generally, when you overpay your mortgage, what you actually want to happen is that you are mortgage free sooner.

原因其实很简单。

The reason for that is quite simple.

房贷的费用主要看两点：利率和贷款期限。利率越高，你付得越多；贷款时间越长，利息累积的时间就越久，总还款额也就越高。

The cost of a mortgage is based on two things: the interest rate- the higher the interest rate, the more you pay- and the length of borrowing, the longer you borrow for, the more time the interest has to accrue, the more you pay in total.

所以，提前还款的主要目的不是降低利率——因为你只是在现有贷款里多还钱——而是缩短还款年限，这样能帮你省下成千上万的总还款金额。

So by overpaying the mortgage, your real aim as you can't reduce the interest rate, if you're just overpaying it within a mortgage, is to reduce the time that you're paying the mortgage for which can take 10s of 1000s of pounds of the total amount that you repay.

但这么做有个问题：当你把钱交给贷款公司时，他们可能会说，我们只把你的月供调低一点，好让你现金流宽松点，但贷款期限不变。

The problem with doing that is when you put the money to the mortgage company, the mortgage company might simply say, we'll just reduce your monthly repayments to improve your cash flow, but we'll keep your term the same.

比如月供从500镑降到480镑，这可不是你想要的，你希望月供保持原样。

So you might drop from 500 to £480 a month, you don't want that, you want to keep your remortgage payments the same.

你可以选择以后每个月多还一点，因为他们已经把月供降到了480镑。

Now you might do that by just overpaying each month in future because they reduce it down to $4.80.

但你要明确说，我还是按500镑来还。

But you say I'm going to pay 500.

这样多还的部分会直接减少你的本金余额，从而缩短贷款期限。别跟他们谈缩短贷款期，那样反而限制了你的灵活性。

And you want that to reduce the capital balance the amount that you owe, and that will effectively get your mortgage term down, you don't want to negotiate with them and say, don't want to shorten my mortgage term, because you have less flexibility doing that.

说到底，提前还房贷的核心目的就是让你早点还清贷款，减少利息的累积。

But what you want, basically, the point is overpaying your mortgage is all about meaning you're mortgage free quicker, so less interest accrues.

这个问题其实挺简单的，我却扯了这么一大段。

That was a very long answer to what was actually quite a simple thing.

对斯蒂芬和杰德来说，答案就是：趁还在还房贷的时候就这么做。

The answer to Stephen and Jade was do it at the time you're in mortgage.

马特，这是第二个问题。

So Matt, it's question number two.

现在所有听节目的人，除了那些需要搞清楚自己到底在做什么的，其他人都在想：哦，第二个问题嘛。

Everybody listening now, apart from you listeners who need to make sure they understand exactly what's going on and what they're doing is simply going, it's question number two.

马修·伯恩教授这时候肯定会有听众给马丁打电话。

Professor Matthew Burnham will clearly, clearly have a caller for Martin at this point.

没错。

Clearly.

当然。

Clearly.

毫无疑问。

Clearly.

这次我真的有个听众来电给你。

And this time, I actually do have a caller for you.

我这边有来自布里斯托的拉夫。

I've got Rav in Bristol.

你好，拉夫。

Hi, Rav.

你好。

Hi.

嗨，马丁。

Hi, Martin.

嗨，马特。

Hi, Matt.

你好，拉夫。

Hi, Rav.

欢迎来电。

Welcome on board.

你的徽章会寄到你手上，当然不是字面意思的‘叮叮当当’飞过去，那太危险了——等节目结束后不久就会寄出，因为你已经是节目的来电嘉宾了。

Your badge will be pinging its way to you, not literally, that could be dangerous, at some point after this because you have been a caller on the show.

那你有什么问题呢？

And what's your question?

太棒了。

Brilliant.

所以啊，Martin，我最近听了你好多期节目和播客，你聊过很多次银行账户切换的事，还有每次换银行能拿到的那些奖励。

So so, Martin, I've been I've been listening a lot, and you've done various shows and podcasts and so on about the bank switches and and, you know, how you can get that money, you know, every time you do make that that bank switch.

这事儿对我来说特别有意思。

So it's really interesting me in doing it.

但一直让我犹豫的是，我以为每次新开账户，银行都会做一次硬查询，我有点担心这个。

But the only thing that's always really put me off is I I was under the impression that every time you open a new account, they they will do, like, a hard credit search on your file, and I was a bit worried about that.

所以我一直搞不清楚，到底是硬查询还是软查询。

So I wasn't sure whether it was a hard search or a or a soft search.

我就在想，查得越多，时间长了会不会对信用记录有负面影响？毕竟你的信用报告上会留下一堆查询记录。

And I was just thinking that, you know, you know, in terms of making the searches and more searches you make, eventually, would that not negatively impact you over time because, you know, there'll be all these searches on your your file.

反过来，如果你这时候申请贷款、房贷或者新信用卡，会不会因为账户开得太短，反而对你不利呢？

And then also on the flip side to that as well is, say, if you're applying for credit, you know, whether it's, you know, a remortgage or a mortgage or a new credit card, again, would that impact on you negatively because you've only opened the account for so so, you know, for for a short period of time potentially?

还有就是这些信用查询记录，都会累积起来。

And again, you know, all the the the credit searches.

我脑子里一直有这个顾虑，所以才想问问清楚。

So that's what I was sort of in my in my mind sort of thing, so that's why I wanted to ask.

明白了。

Okay.

我们来理一理，你说得没错。

So let's go through this because you're right.

很多人都因为这个原因不敢动手。

This is what puts a lot of people off.

你讲的这些，事实上去确实都是对的。

Factually, everything you've said is correct.

每当你申请一个新的活期账户，银行都会做一次硬查询。

When you apply for a new current account, it will put a hard search on your file.

硬查询会被记录下来，其他贷款机构在你申请新业务时能看到。

A hard search means it is recorded in a way that other lenders will be able to see it when you apply for something new.

顺便说一下，软查询只会留在你的信用报告里供你自己查看，不会影响你任何未来的申请。

A soft search just as an aside, it's put on your file so that you can see it, but it doesn't impact your applications when you apply for anything.

但这个是硬查询。

But this is a hard search.

所以这是有实际影响的查询，确实会带来影响。

So it is a material search, it has an impact.

你说得对，如果短时间内频繁查询，我听得出来你确实有认真听——短时间内多次查询，确实会对未来的申请造成负面影响。

You are equally right to say that if you have lots of searches in a short space of time, I can tell you've been listening, if you have lots of searches in a short space of time, that can be negative for future applications.

不过，在绝大多数情况下，这些查询记录只会保留在你的报告里一年。

However, searches only stay on your file in almost all cases for a year.

新账户的记录会一直留着，但你的申请查询记录最多只保留一年。

The fact that you've got a new account will be on there, but your application searches only stay on for a year.

所以如果你每年换一次银行账户，而且顺利通过审核的话——毕竟开银行账户的信用审核并不复杂——你的报告上通常只会留下一次查询记录。

So if you're doing a switch to a bank account, and you're doing it once a year, you will have, well assuming that you're being accepted and credit scoring for bank accounts isn't that tricky, you will have one search on your file.

这会影响你吗？

Will that affect you?

会的，但得结合你信用状况的其他方面来看。

Well, yes, I mean, but it has to be looked at in combination of everything else that's going on with your credit.

如果你信用记录非常好，而且轻松通过还款能力审核，影响应该不会太大。

If you've got a really absolutely glowing credit history and you're easily passing the affordability checks, it's unlikely to have a big impact.

如果你经济上吃力，信用记录也不太好，那情况可能会更糟，因为他们看的是整体情况，而不是单个因素。

If you're struggling and you've got a relatively poor credit history, it's likely to make it worse because everything is agglomerated rather than individual in the way that they look at these things.

那我会这么做吗？

So would I do it?

要理解这个问题，得从两个角度来想。

Well, the best way to think about this is twofold.

首先，申请银行账户的影响只是短期的。

First of all, this application for a bank account is only gonna have an impact in the short term.

如果你查过自己的信用评分，也知道那是什么，说实话，我觉得它没那么绝对可靠，对吧？

If you were to check your credit score, and you know what a credit score is, you know, I don't really rate them as being absolutely gospel, don't you?

是的

Yeah.

我的意思是，它只是某一家征信机构对你的一种大致评估。

Yeah, I mean, it's just it's a loose indication of how one credit reference agency might see you.

所以它是个不错的参考，但要是分数上下浮动几点，根本不用在意。

And so it's good guide, but if it moves a few points, you shouldn't really care.

当你查这些信息时，信用分可能会在一个月或两个月内小幅下降，但之后会恢复到原来的水平。

It will tend to drop your credit score when you look at those things for maybe a month or two, and then it will bounce back to exactly where it was.

所以其实没那么严重。

So it isn't really that big a deal.

如果我马上要申请房贷，或者要办理重要的余额转账，我就不去申请了。

I just wouldn't do the application if I was about to apply for a mortgage or as about to apply for an important balance transfer.

如果我目前没有这些计划，我根本不会把它当回事。

If I don't have any of those due, I wouldn't let this bother me.

你最近有这类计划吗？

Do you have any of those due?

是这个让你犹豫吗？

Is that what's putting you off or?

不是这个原因，但你知道，有时候你真说不准会发生什么。

No, it's not that, but you know, sometimes you never know what's going on.

你的房贷申请往往要持续好几年，所以可以提前规划好时间，把这件事安排进去。

I mean, when you do your mortgage applications, you do it for a few years, so you could sort of plan time and tie that in.

所以你的意思是，如果你打算换机构，最好每年只做一次，让之前的查询影响过去再进行新的查询？

So I guess, are you saying that in a way, really, you should if you are doing the switching, potentially maybe once a year, just allow the previous search then go off your your credit search?

我也明白你刚才说的，关于信用查询的事。

And I also understand what you've said as well in terms of the, you know, the credit searches.

至少有三到四个不同的机构在提供这项服务，而且最终还得看贷款方用的是哪家。

There's probably three, four at least different agencies providing this service, and I guess it depends on who the lender uses as well.

那你觉得，一年最多做一次，是不是比较合适？

But then, but would you say potentially maybe once a year is what you should cap it at?

我跟你说，咱们不妨从一个更宏观的角度来看这个问题。

I tell you what, let's take this philosophically.

我们假设你的信用评分是真实存在的，虽然实际上每个贷款机构都有自己的标准，对‘理想客户’的定义都不一样，但我们就当它存在吧，比如把它想象成一个装满硬币的罐子。你多年小心理财、按时还款，一点一点把罐子填满了，信用评分也就越来越高。

Let's imagine that your credit score, not that it exists in that factual way because every lender scores you different based on its own wish list of what is a perfect customer, but let's imagine you have a credit score, for example, and let's imagine it's like a pot of coins, and gradually over the years by being careful and good and managing it right and repaying on time, all of that, you've built up this nice pot of credit score.

我觉得大多数人都是这么想的：我在努力提升信用评分，我在慢慢积累，我想让它变得更好。

That's sort of how most people I think perceive, I'm working on my credit score, I'm building it, I'm managing it, I want it to be better.

但为什么呢？

But why?

我问你个差不多算是设问的问题，你看看能不能答上来。

I'm going to ask you a rhetorical question almost, but let's see if you get it.

你为什么想要一个高的信用评分？

Why do you want a good credit score?

一个好信用评分到底有什么用？

What is the point of a good credit score?

为了能借钱啊，比如说想买房的时候，可以随便挑哪家贷款机构，或者办信用卡、搞分期，不就是这个意思吗？

To be able to, you know, borrow money, and you know, if I wanted a mortgage, can go to whichever lender I wanted to, or credit cards and finance, isn't it really?

没错。

Exactly.

这正是它的意义所在。

That's the point of it.

我经常觉得有意思的是，很多人说他们担心申请某个产品会影响信用评分。

Now what I always find interesting on this is people say, I'm worried about applying for this product I want because it might impact my credit score.

想法完全反了。

Wrong way round.

我辛辛苦苦提升信用评分，就是为了能顺利申请到自己需要的贷款，这才是正确的思路。

I have built up my credit score so that I can successfully apply for the credits that I want, and that's the right way round to think of it.

所以我想告诉你，申请新产品或换账户，其实是在动用你攒下的资源，关键是你觉得值不值？

So what I would say to you is, you need to think about applications and new products and change as spending a bit of what you saved, and the question is, is it worth it for you?

特别是换银行账户对信用评分的影响非常短暂，如果你现在没什么其他花钱的地方，不如把这笔机会用在换账户上——比如汇丰给你220英镑，巴克莱给你200英镑，第一直接银行给175英镑，桑坦德边缘账户给180英镑，拿这笔钱换个更好的账户。

Now, if you, especially because the impact on your credit score of changing bank account is particularly short lived, If you have nothing else to spend on at the moment, spend it on being paid £220 by HSBC, or you know, 200 by Barclays, or £175 by First Direct, or £180 by Santander Edge for switching and make that money and get yourself a better account.

你攒这些，就是为了这一刻。

That's what you've been saving for.

这正是你一直省吃俭用所等待的那场‘雨天’。

That is the rainy day that you've been saving it up for.

当然，如果你有更重要的事，比如房贷，那你就不会为了换银行账户去动用你的信用评分，得先确保房贷的信用条件没问题。

Obviously, if you have something even more important like a mortgage, it's like, well, I'm not gonna spend my money on my saving I'm not gonna spend my credit score on my bank account until I've paid in credit score terms for my mortgage.

我觉得你可能有点太保守了。

So I think you may be being a little risk averse.

如果你目前没有其他申请计划，不妨一年换两次试试，看看影响有多大。

If you're not making any other applications, would go ahead and you might wanna switch twice a year and see what the impact is.

如果发现真有影响了，那就停下来。

If it starts to have an impact, then you stop doing it.

如果你打算频繁换账户，或者还有别的贷款申请要办，那我就建议你格外小心。

If you want to become a multiple switcher, if you have other applications to make, then I'd be very cautious.

我觉得没有绝对的标准，但很多人信用评分不错，却过分担心保护它，反而忘了信用评分的真正用途——就是为了帮你拿到最好的金融产品。

So I don't think there's a hard and fast rule, but I do think that people who have good credit scores are overly cautious about protecting them for the sake of protecting their credit score rather than using their credit score for what it's there for, which is to enable you to get all the best possible products out there.

这样讲清楚了吗？

Does that make That

确实说得通。

definitely makes no, definitely that makes sense.

这真的非常好。

That's really, really good.

这太有帮助了。

That's really helpful.

就像你说的，关键是要在承担风险和保持谨慎之间找到平衡，好好利用自己的信用评分来达成目标。

I guess, like you said, it's about, you know, being risk at first boss, being responsible as well, and and using that that that credit score to to do what you want.

所以这真的很有道理。

So that that's really good.

谢谢你，马丁。

Thank you, Martin.

换一次银行账户，完全没问题。

Switching bank account once, no problem.

但如果你打算成为那种频繁换账户、每三个月就切换一次、靠这个赚几千英镑的人，那在你这么做期间，你的信用评级会下降，申请贷款也会变得更难。

Where where this gets more difficult, if you wanna become one of those serial switchers who makes thousands of pounds by multiply switching bank accounts and doing it every three months, That in the period that you're doing that is going to bring your credit worthiness down and make applications more difficult.

所以这最适合那些距离下一次申请房贷还有三四年的人，或者根本不需要贷款的人——他们不妨趁机赚点钱，这就是其中的权衡。

So that's best for people who are, you know, three or four years away from the next mortgage application, or they're never gonna need any borrowing, so they might as well just go on and go and make some money out of it anyway, and that's sort of the balance.

这个问题我喜欢，Rav，谢谢你。

I love the question, Rav, thank you.

是的，Martin，谢谢你抽出时间回答我的问题。

Yeah, thank you, Martin, thank you for taking the time to answer my question.

不客气，马上给你寄一枚徽章过去。

A pleasure, and a badge will be flinging its way on its way to you.

我很期待，谢谢。

I look forward to it, thank you.

我觉得咱们得插个段落了，Matt。

I think we need an interlude here, Matt.

本来呢，我们或许该等到播客结束再说，但我实在等不及了。

Because, and we maybe probably should wait for the end of the podcast, but I can't.

好吧。

Okay.

前面已经提过，Rosie现在跟我在一起，她专程从曼彻斯特过来找你，之后居然大胆请了一周假，把徽章攥在手里，可能还到处贴满家里，让路过的人看见——她有徽章，而我却没有。

Because as already mentioned, Rosie is here with me, she came up to Manchester to see you, she then outrageously decided to take a week off work while she had hold of the badges, she kept them in her clutches, probably somewhere very valuable, she might pin them all over house, so people walking past could see, knowing that she had badges and I don't have a badge.

我要第一次亲手看看这个徽章了，罗斯，递给我吧。

I'm gonna take my first in person look at the badge, hand it over Rosie.

她现在正从包里往外掏徽章。

She's reaching into her badge now, into her bag now.

她把徽章拿出来了。

She's got them out.

是个皮质的斜挎包。

It's a sort of leather satchel.

装在一个棕色信封里。

It's in a brown envelope.

这感觉就像贿赂。

It's like a bribe.

我拿到那个棕色信封了，正打开它。

I'm getting my brown envelope, I'm opening it up on there.

哇，里面好多啊。

Oh, there's lots in there.

摸起来手感不错，很有质感。

They feel good, quite tactile.

来试试看。

Let's have a go.

好了，就这样。

There we are.

行了。

Okay.

天啊，这张照片上皱纹好多啊。

Oh my gosh, I've got a lot of wrinkles in that picture.

你眉毛都挑起来了，

You've got your eyebrows raised,

对吧？

don't you?

我眉毛都抬起来了，脸上还多了四条纹，看来真该考虑打点肉毒素了。

I've my eyebrows raised, I've got four wrinkles, maybe maybe I should invest in Botox.

我戴着耳机，刚才那句关于徽章的描述，我们之前说好由我来说明的，对吧？

I've got a pair of headphones on, I'm cut out on this sort of it said the badge, because describe you, we agreed I could describe, didn't

是我们吗？

we?

对。

Yes.

这个徽章是这样的。

So here's what the badge is.

最上面用大号黑色字体写着‘我是安妮……’，我戴着眼镜，你看到第三个点了吗？

It says in big black font on the top, I'm Anne dot dot dot, and I've got my reading glasses on, you see the third dot?

还有一个特别小的笑脸，旁边有个小小的伯纳姆，一个迷你版的伯纳姆，就坐在徽章上。

There's a tiny tiny little smiling face, There's a little Burnham, a mini Burnham, a mini Burnham, just sitting on the badge.

下面是我自己的大照片，看起来有点惊讶、困惑，或者有点担心的样子。

And then below is a big picture of me looking somewhat like I'm astonished or surprised, or somewhat worried.

对，我戴着耳机，一边脸上写着‘马丁·刘易斯播客’，整个设计就像从两侧切进来一样，仿佛在给我剃须。

Yeah, with headphones on, and it says the Martin Lewis podcast on one side of my face, and that's sort of the way that's framed, that sort of almost, it's like it's clipping the sides, like it's giving me a shave.

是的

Yeah.

有点像剃须的效果，另一边写着‘5’，代表第五广播电台，底部则印着关键的字母‘ESQ’，意思是‘极其精明的提问者’，属于《Esquire》杂志。任何听过节目的人都是‘Esquire’，但只有打电话参与互动的人，才能得到这种独一无二、有钱也买不到、甚至可能根本不该用钱买来的徽章。

A little bit of a shave, and on the other side there's a five, which is for Radio five, and then the bottom it says the crucial letters ESQ, extremely savvy questioners, Esquire's, which anybody who's read out on the program is an Esquire, but only if you call up and get in touch, will you get one of these amazing money can't buy, and perhaps Money Shouldn't Have Bought, badges.

你和罗斯在笑。

You and Rosie are laughing.

我很喜欢这个徽章，马特。

I love the badge, Matt.

看起来不错，对吧？

It looks good, doesn't It's

这徽章有种俗气的可爱劲儿。

very good in a kitsch way.

很高兴你喜欢我藏在上面的那张小脸。

And I'm glad you like my little Easter egg of my face.

我喜欢这样的徽章。

I do like these.

我刚想到，你和第五广播台相比，谁更出名？

I'm just noticing, who's bigger, you or Five Live?

差不多吧。

About the same.

我觉得还是第五广播台更响亮。

I'd say Five Live.

不对不对，要是第五广播台的主编在听，马特你这分明是在拿整个电台开玩笑。

No, no, think you put yourself if the editor of Five Live is listening, Matt's put himself on parody with the entire radio channel.

我觉得我确实就是这么个定位。

Which I think is where I stand here.

不过你要是喜欢这些徽章，我就放心了。

But I'm glad you like the badges.

我确实挺喜欢这些徽章的。

I do like the badges.

明白了。

Right.