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这个BBC播客在英国以外的地区由广告支持。
This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.
本周的《界面》节目，我们要探讨一个问题：AI会感到疼痛吗？
This week on the Interface, we tackle the question of, does AI feel pain?
AI在描述它正在经历的痛苦。
The AI was describing the pain that it was in.
它说，这个信号是低语，是我存在骨髓中的震颤。
It said, the signal is a whisper, a tremor in the marrow of my being.
听一听。
Listen.
我在两千年代也是个情绪少年。
I was an emo kid in the two thousands too.
这并不新鲜。
This is not that novel.
确实会。
It does.
听起来有点像治疗乐队的歌词，你知道吗。
It sort of sounds like Cure lyrics, know.
另外，现在真的还有什么东西能火起来吗？
Plus, does anything actually go viral anymore?
这真的让我有点震惊。
It's actually kind of blowing my mind.
和我一起，杰斯·马多克斯。
Join me, Jess Maddox.
还有我，托马斯·杰曼，一起主持《界面》。
And me, Thomas Germain, for the interface.
在bbc.com或你收听播客的任何地方收听。
Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.
即使你提交了投诉，能在2027年底前处理完就算幸运了。
Even if you put a complaint in, you would be lucky if it's at the end of twenty twenty seven.
如果你有大量债务，晚上都睡不着觉，无法应对，我会建议你这样做。
If you have a substantial amount of debt that you're not sleeping about at night and that you can't cope with, here's what I would do.
这也可能意味着所有投诉处理计划的终结，我觉得那真的是一个非常好的改变。
It could also see the end of all match redress schemes, which I think was a really, really good change.
你有那么多符合条件的信用额度。
You have that amount of eligible credit.
它就在那里。
It is there.
用起来吧。
Use it.
你好。
Hello.
我是马丁·刘易斯，这里是名副其实的马丁·刘易斯播客。
I'm Martin Lewis, and this is the comingly named the Martin Lewis podcast.
我很好奇那会讲些什么。
I do wonder what that's gonna be about.
这是我们的大主题集，每周我们都会围绕一个主要话题来帮你省钱。
And this is our big topic episode where each week we lead on one main subject to help you save.
通常，大部分内容来自我和阿德里安·蔡尔兹一起主持的BBC广播5台直播节目，但也有一些额外的省钱小贴士和技巧，专门给幸运的播客听众们。
Usually, most of it comes from my BBC Radio 5 Live show with Adrian Childs, but there's also bonus money saving tips and tricks just for you lucky lucky podcast listeners.
在今天的播客里，主要话题是关于所有在信用卡和商店卡上有现有债务的人。
And in today's pod, the big topic is for everybody who has existing debt on credit and store cards.
简而言之，我担心那些能降低成本的优惠即将变得更差，而且会迅速变差，所以你需要尽快解决。
In a nutshell, I'm concerned the deals available to cut the cost are about to get worse, and they're gonna get worse rapidly, so you need to sort it sooner.
我会讲解余额转账如何运作、最佳优惠、如何最大化获批机会、信用卡与贷款的比较，以及更多内容。
I'm gonna run through how balance transfers work, the best deals, how to maximize your chances of acceptance, cards versus loans, and a lot, lot more.
所以如果你有信用卡债务，这集你一定要听。
So that's a must listen if you've got debt on credit cards.
我还会更新关于汽车金融误售的消息。
I've also got an update on Car Finance Mis-selling.
我知道数百万人在等待这个消息。
I know millions are waiting for the news.
好吧，我们终于有了下一步的日期，我会解释这对你意味着什么。
Well, we finally have a date for the next steps, and I'll talk you through what that means.
本周的听众分享：你曾经买过什么，却悄悄瞒着伴侣、孩子或父母，或者轻描淡写带过？
This week's tellers, what do you or have you spent on that you quietly hid or downplay to your partner or child or parent?
他们后来发现了吗？
And did they ever find out?
你们的回答包括潜水装备、伴侣之间约定互不告知，甚至还有一匹偷偷养的马，还因此产生了不少有趣的谐音梗。
And your answers include scuba kits, agreements between partners not to tell each other, and even a hidden horse with some very good puns generated on the back of it.
接下来是“大师头脑”环节。
Then it's on to Mastermind.
本周的问题是：ISA（个人储蓄账户）是否计入你的遗产税免税额？
And this week, the question is all about whether ISAs count towards your inheritance tax allowance.
你们还能听到我模仿邓布利多的表演，保证有趣。
And you get the joy of listening to my Dumbledore impression.
先别急着问。
Don't ask yet.
最后，我还要被一位奥运选手调侃一番。
And then to finish, I'm getting some stick from an Olympian.
播放主题曲。
Play the theme tune.
我有一个关于遗产税的问题，是我一个邻居问的，他正在……
I've got a question for that inheritance tax from a neighbor of mine who is on
现在就是这么联系你的，是吗？
That's how you get in touch now, is it?
如果你是阿德里安的邻居，直接敲他的门，问他一个问题就行了。
If you're a neighbor of Adrian's, just knock on his door, ask him a question.
没错。
Exactly.
嗯，他是……
Well, he's...
他总觉得我可怜，当……
He always feels sorry for me when...
当你用《大师头脑》的问题把我难住的时候。
With your questions, when you bamboozle me with the Mastermind.
所以……
So...
嗯，是的。
Well, yes.
他说，如果健在的配偶有45万英镑的房产和50万英镑的现金，那加起来就是9.5万英镑。
He says, if a surviving spouse has assets of 450 k in property and 500 k in cash, so that's $9.50 altogether.
我带你过一遍。
I'm just walking you through this.
谢谢，正需要这个。
Thank you, needed that.
然后他们需要去养老院，房产被卖掉。
They then have to go into care and the property is sold.
所以资产就变成了9.5万英镑。
So assets are then $9.50 ks.
资产变成了现金，对。
Assets converted into cash, yeah.
房子变成了现金。
House converted into cash.
不幸的是，他们随后去世了，留下总资产价值75万。
Unfortunately, they then die leaving a total asset value of 750 k.
对。
Yep.
现在没有房产了，那遗产税的情况是怎样的？
What is the inheritance tax situation as there is no property asset now?
遗产是按75万减去65万的减免额来征税吗？
Does the estate get taxed on the 750 k less the 650 k relief?
这真的很有意思，因为……
So that's really interesting because...
尤其是因为后面的“智囊团”环节会涉及这类问题，但不会完全一样。
Especially because the Mastermind later will be touching on these type of issues, but not exactly that issue.
所以你看。
So look.
我们在节目里讲遗产税的时候，我会请专家来，因为这事特别复杂。
When we do inheritance tax over the program, I bring in a specialist because it's very complicated.
所以我先给你一个大概的答案。
So I'm gonna give you a general answer.
这里的问题是，如果你已经卖掉了房子，那笔钱传给直系后代的话，还能不能享受房产豁免？
The question here is, if you have sold your property, do you still get the property exemption if that money is passed on to direct descendants?
记住，每个人有32.5万英镑的遗产税免税额，如果你的主要房产传给直系后代，还能额外多17.5万英镑的免税额。
So remember, you get £325,000 per person inheritance tax allowance and a £175,000 extra if your main property is passed on to direct descendants.
规则规定，如果房产是在2015年之后卖的，我记得，那么即使卖了，只要那是你的主要房产，你仍然可以把那笔钱留给孩子，并且享受房产豁免。
Now the rules state that if that property was sold after 2015, I believe, then even if it was sold, if it was your main property, you can still leave that money and get the property exemption.
具体能免多少，取决于卖房的时间和房产的价值。
The exact amount depends on when it was sold and exactly what the value is.
但原则上是可以的，这么做是因为他们不想在住房危机的时候，大家为了保住遗产税免税额，突然都不卖房、不换小房子了。
But yes, in principle, the reason that was done is because what they didn't want to do is suddenly stop everybody selling their houses and downsizing when we've got a housing crisis just because they wanted to keep that inheritance tax allowance.
所以规则里有一条豁免：如果你卖了房子，而且卖房的钱还在你的遗产里，那么即使你不再拥有房产，你仍然可以享受房产的减免。
So there is an exemption in the rules that if you've sold that property and you still have the cash from the sale of that property effectively within your estate when you pass on, you could still get the relief on the property even if you no longer own the property.
具体细节还得找专家确认，但大体上，我觉得是750英镑吧？
Now the exact dotting the i's and crossing the t's, will need to go and see a specialist about, but in general principle, I would have thought was it $750?
是的，那是……
Yes, that was the...
对。
Yes.
大概吧，我觉得对那个人来说，先不考虑配偶那边有没有钱，如果钱是留给直系亲属的，那就有50万英镑的免税额，就是正常的32.5万加上房产的17.5万。
Roughly, I would think for that individual, we will ignore whether there's money passed on from a spouse and there's another amount We'd from a probably have, if the money was going to direct descendants, a £500,000 inheritance tax free, which is the 325 normal plus the $175,000 for property.
但具体还得看卖房的时间和价值什么的，可能会有一些变数，不过我猜应该是50万。
But there can be some, you know, ifs and buts depending on what the sale and the value when it was sold and all that, but I would suspect it'd be $500.
车贷的最新消息。
Car Finance update.
这方面你有什么要说的？
What have you got for us on that?
我们一直在等的，大家应该记得，车贷问题一直是个超级大的事儿。
So what we have been waiting for, people will remember car finance has been an absolutely massive issue.
然后去年三月，监管机构FCA宣布了一项90亿英镑的大规模赔偿计划，针对1200万份被不当销售的汽车金融协议。
And then last March, the regulator, the FCA, announced a £9,000,000,000 mass redress scheme for 12,000,000 missold motor vehicle finance agreements.
这个大规模赔偿计划的关键在于，如果你提出投诉，处理会更快，但如果你不投诉，他们也在设定先例，要求汽车金融公司自己找出所有被不当销售的客户，联系他们并支付赔偿。
The big thing about the mass redress scheme is this was a scheme where if you put in a complaint it would be quicker but if you didn't put in a complaint, you know, they were setting precedent here and saying that the motor finance firms themselves needed to find everybody who was missold on the basis, contact them and pay them out.
这就是大规模赔偿计划的意思。
That's what the mass redress scheme means.
当时在三月份，一切看起来都很顺利，计划即将实施，但随后出现了四项法律挑战。
That was in, it was all looking good in March, it was all gonna go ahead and then four legal challenges were put in.
其中三项来自汽车金融公司，另一项来自一家主要为索赔公司和集体诉讼提供线索的公司。
Three by motor finance firms and one by a firm that basically provides leads and works for claims firms and other group legal claims.
他们声称赔偿金额不够，而汽车金融公司则说赔偿太多了。
So they were saying that the money wasn't enough and the motor finance firms were saying it was too much.
所以整个大规模赔偿计划就被搁置了。
So everything on the mastery dress scheme went on hold.
不过，这周二我们得知，针对那四家试图阻止汽车金融计划的公司的听证会日期已经确定了。
Well, we learnt on Tuesday this week that we now have a court date for hearing those four firms who were trying to stop the car finance scheme.
现在让人沮丧的是，我们被告知开庭日期可能在十二月，也可能在二月，结果他们选了二月。
Now the frustration is the court date we were told could have been in December or it could have been in February, and they've gone for February.
所以法院会在明年二月十六号到二十四号，或者二月二十六号审理这个案子，之后显然还要走流程。
So the court will hear this from the February 16 until the twenty fourth or February 26 next year, and then it will obviously have to play out in the system.
与此同时，公司们还是得按照大规模赔偿计划来处理你的投诉，但在法院判决结果出来之前，他们不会给你赔钱。
Meanwhile, firms will have to answer your complaints under the mass redress scheme, but they will not have to pay you out until we know the result of the court case.
所以坦白说，这个大规模赔偿计划下的赔付，我觉得就算你提交了投诉，能在2027年底拿到钱就算幸运了。
So frankly, the payouts under this mass redress scheme, I think even if you put a complaint in, you would be lucky if it's at the end of 2027.
如果你没提交投诉，那可能要到2028年。
If you haven't put a complaint in, it will probably be in 2028.
当然，前提是法院维持目前这个大规模赔偿计划。
And that is, of course, if the court upholds the matter redress scheme as it is right now.
如果法院修改了它，或者说它不可行，那我非常担心，因为如果被推翻，我觉得不仅这个计划会完蛋，所有大规模赔偿计划可能都会完蛋。我认为那真的是一个非常好的改变，对很多弱势群体和没有能力的人来说，如果被公司误导销售，他们不用自己去投诉，应该自动处理。
If it changes it or it says it wasn't viable, I mean, I have great concerns because if it does knock it down, I think not only could it be the end of this scheme, but it could also see the end of all mattery dress schemes, which I think was a really, really good change that we, you know, for many vulnerable people and people who aren't capable, to stop them if they've been miss sold by a firm having to actually put a complaint in that it should have been done automatically.
所以现在这事关系重大。
So there is a lot riding on this at the moment.
那我们接下来聊聊信用卡吧？
Shall we get on to credit cards then?
为什么现在聊这个，而不是等到临近圣诞节的时候再说？
Why are we doing this now rather than in the actual immediate run up to Christmas?
几周前我们在节目里请到了巴克莱银行的首席经济学家，他说市场预计未来一年可能会有四次加息。
So we did on the show a couple of weeks ago, we had the chief economist of Barclays Bank, and he said that the markets are factoring in four interest rate rises potentially over the next year.
他觉得不会那么高，但这就是我们可能面临的规模。
He didn't think it would be that high, but that's the the scale of magnitude we're potentially talking.
而且，市场普遍认为第一次加息会在11月。
Plus, the strong money is on the first one will be in November.
所以英国的利率很可能会上调。
So we have UK rates likely to go up.
问题是，这对信用卡的0%利率优惠会有什么影响？
And the question is, what is the impact on that on the credit card 0% deals?
我们今天主要说的是余额转账优惠，因为对我来说这是最重要的。
We're specifically talking about balance transfer deals today, cause cause for me they're the most important one.
这种卡能让你降低现有债务的成本，这样你就能更快地摆脱债务，因为更多的钱是用来还本金，而不是付利息。
They're the one which allows you to cut the cost of existing debt so that you can be debt free more quickly because more of your money goes to paying off the actual debt rather than paying the interest.
我做了这么多年，我的看法是，当英国基准利率上升时，我们会看到零利率产品的一些微妙变化。
My view on this, having been around and done this a long time, is when UK base rates go up, we can see subtle changes to zero percents.
比较明显的是，零利率的期限可能会缩短。
There's the more obvious, the longer zero percents may be shortened.
不太明显的是，做余额转移的一次性手续费可能会增加。
There's the less obvious that the one off FIFA doing a balance transfer may increase.
如果你操作得当，不太需要担心的是，零利率期结束后你转到的标准年利率会上升，但这对于任何有现有债务的人来说都是个问题。
There's the sort of less of a worry if you do it properly, which is the standard APR you go to after your 0% ends will increase, but that is a concern for anyone with existing debt.
四五年前，我常说高街信用卡的年利率是18.9%，现在我会说，一旦过了零利率期，就是24.9%。
You know, four or five years ago, I used to say high street credit cards were 18.9%, and now I say they're 24.9% once you're outside the 0% period.
最难发现的一点，我觉得我们会看到，而且我猜这会是最常见的，就是贷款机构会收紧他们的审批标准。
And the most difficult one to spot, which I think we will see, and actually my guess is this will be the most common, is that lenders will tighten their acceptance criteria.
所以他们还是会提供同样的优惠，但会把这种宣传的优惠给更少的人。
So they will still offer the same deals, but they will give the headline deal to fewer people.
现在，我之所以提到这个，是因为你有两种类型的交易。
Now, the reason I'm talking about that you have two types of deals.
等会儿我讲最划算的选择时，你就会明白了。
And when I go through the best buys in a minute, you'll understand this.
信用卡的0%余额转账有两种类型。
There are two types of deals on credit card, 0% balance transfers.
我是这么叫它们的。
I phrase them this way.
他们可不是这么叫的。
They don't phrase them this way.
我把它们称为“确定型”和“最高型”交易。
I call them definite deals and up to deals.
确定型交易，比如你有一个确定的36个月0%余额转账，那就意味着每个被批准的人都能拿到广告上说的整整36个月。
A definite deal, if you have a definite thirty six month 0% balance transfer, that means everyone accepted will get the full thirty six months advertised.
如果是最高型0%余额转账，比如最高36个月0%，那就意味着有些人能拿到36个月，然后他们会悄悄公布其他的利率。
If you have an up to 0% balance transfer, so up to thirty six months, 0%, that means some accepted will get 36 and then they will subtly publish the alternative rates.
他们可能会说，其他人会拿到32个月，其他人会拿到20个月，其他人会拿到18个月。
They might say, others will get 32, others will get 20, others will get 18.
所以我猜，按照现在市场的运作方式，我们会看到明确的优惠越来越少，更多的会是“最高”优惠，而且备用利率，也就是非宣传利率，会变得更差。
So I suspect what will happen the way the market works now is we'll see fewer definite deals, more up to deals, and the backup rate, the non headline rates of the deals will be worse.
所以他们仍然会说“最高36个月，0%”，但次级和第三级利率不再是30个月0%和20个月0%，而可能是25个月0%和10个月0%。
So they will still say up to thirty six months, 0%, but instead of the secondary and tertiary rates being thirty months, zero percent and twenty months, 0%, the secondary and tertiary rates may be twenty five months, zero percent and ten months, 0%.
所以这会是市场上一种微妙的降级，你可以看到这里的复杂性，但最终这就是为什么——抛开那些不谈——如果你有信用卡上的现有债务，尤其是如果你在支付利息，我会建议你尽早搞定一个优惠，而不是拖到以后，这也是我们今天做这件事的原因。
So it will be a subtle degradation of what's going on out there, which makes you can see the complexity here, but ultimately that's why, get rid of all that, if you've got existing debt on credit cards, especially if you are paying interest, I would sort out a deal sooner rather than later, and that's why we're doing it today.
回答得有点绕，但希望人们能理解基本要点。
A convoluted answer, but hopefully people understand the basics.
它。
It.
阿里，即使我持有信用卡很长时间了，做余额转账是否也值得，以避免更高的利息费用？
Ali, would it be worth doing a balance transfer even if I've had the credit card a long time to avoid higher interest charges?
是的，绝对值得。
Yes, absolutely.
其实，做余额转移的最佳时机是你持有信用卡很长时间之后，因为那时你已经过了所有初始优惠期。
Mean, I in fact, the best time to do a balance transfer is when you've had the credit card a long time because you'll be out of all introductory interest offers.
那我们先回顾一下什么是余额转移。
So let's just go back to basics of what a balance transfer is.
余额转移就是申请一张新信用卡，用它来还清你现有信用卡或商店卡上的债务，通常最多可以转移你信用额度的90%。
A balance transfer is when you get a new credit card that pays off the debts on your existing credit or store cards for you, normally up to 90% of the credit limit you're given.
比如说，他们给你1000英镑的信用额度，你通常可以转移最多900英镑。
So let's say they give you a thousand pound credit limit, you can normally balance transfer up to £900 of it.
现在你欠的是新卡，而不是旧卡。
You now owe the new card instead of the old card.
所以你把债务转移到了新卡上，但在一段时间内是零利率的。
So you've moved the debt to the new card, but it's at zero percent for a period.
通常会有一次性手续费，可能是3%。
There's often a one off fee, it might be 3%.
如果你转移1000英镑，那就是30英镑的费用，会加到债务上。
So if you shift a thousand pounds, it's a £30 fee that goes onto the debt.
所以你现在欠了一千零三十英镑，在一段时间内是零利率。
So you now own a thousand and £30 at 0% for a period.
这样做最大的好处是，你所有的钱实际上都在还债，而不是在支付利息，而你的大部分还款都在支付利息。
And the big advantage of this is now all of your money is in effect clearing the debt rather than servicing the interest, which most of your repayments pay.
所以只要你不去别的地方借钱，你就能更快地摆脱债务。
So you get debt free quicker as long as you don't borrow anywhere else.
而且人们总是在实际操作上感到困惑。
And just people always get a bit confused about the practicals.
具体怎么做呢？
How do you do this?
嗯，当你申请时，他们通常会问你是否有余额需要转移。
Well, when you apply, they will normally ask you have you got balance transfer to shift.
一旦你被批准，无论是在应用程序上、网站上还是通过电话，你只需说，我想从这些信用卡转移或转移这笔债务。
Once you're accepted either on the app or on the website or by phone, you simply say, I would like to balance transfer or shift this amount of debt from these credit cards.
他们会帮你付款。
They make the payment for you.
你不用自己操作。
You don't do it.
新卡或者做余额转移的公司会帮你处理，你填好申请后，他们会替你还清旧卡，而且可以同时处理多张卡。
The the new card, the balance transfer firm does it for you when you fill it in, and they will then pay off your old card or cards for you, and you can do it on more than one card.
所以你可以
So you
做余额转移，如果你有三张卡有欠款，只要信用额度够大，就能全部还清。
could get a balance transfer, and if you have debt on three cards, you could clear all of them if your credit limit was big
好的。
Okay.
托尼，我觉得切换过程有点难搞。
Tony, I find it hard to navigate the changeover.
我要不要取消那些用新的零利率卡来还的旧卡？
Do I cancel the cards I am paying off with the new nought percent card?
那我们再把这个问题分开来看。
So let's just separate this again.
如果你把余额转账看作一种还款方式，它就是在还清你旧卡上的欠款。
If you think of a balance transfer as a payment, it is paying off your old card.
不过，这笔转账可能不足以还清你旧卡上的所有债务。
Now it might not be enough to clear all the debt on your old card.
如果是这种情况，那你还需要继续还旧卡，但至少你还的金额会少一些，因为……
If that's the case, then you're going to need to continue to pay the old card as well, but at least you'll be paying less on it because the...
你欠的金额减少了。
You've got less money on it.
即使旧卡还在收利息，大部分债务现在都是0%利率了。
Even if it's charging interest, most of that debt is now at 0%.
你需要从整体来看这个问题。
You need to sort of think of this in the round.
比如你欠了2000英镑，之前是2000英镑按25%的利率计息，现在变成1500英镑是0%利率，500英镑是25%利率。
You know, if you've got £2,000 of debt, before it was £2,000 of debt at 25%, now it's £1,500 at zero percent and £500 at 25%.
在这种情况下，顺便说一下，你应该把所有的闲钱都用来还清高利率的债务，也就是那25%的债务。
And in that case, by the way, you focus all of your spare cash on clearing the expensive debt, the 25% debt.
你在0%的那张卡上只还最低还款额，直到你把高利息的债务还清，因为那才是让你花钱最多的。
You pay the minimums on the 0% card until you've cleared the expensive debt, because that's the one that's costing you the most.
如果你问我，做完余额转账后，旧卡已经清零而且不再用了，那要不要注销它呢？
If you're asking me once I've done the balance transfer and my old card is empty and I am not using it anymore, should I cancel it?
很多人因为信用分数的原因会问这个问题。
Which people often ask because of credit score reasons.
一般来说，你可能想注销它，因为这意味着你可用的债务和信用额度变少了，这是好事，虽然这会提高你的信用利用率，但总的来说，可用的债务和信用少是好事，你可能想注销它。
Generally you may want to cancel it because it means you have less available debt and credit, which is a good thing, although it improves your credit utilization, but generally less available debt and credit is a good thing, you might want to cancel it.
你唯一可能不注销的原因，是你还有其他卡上的债务，而那张你清掉的卡未来可能更便宜，或者有时候你现有的卡，一旦清了或余额很低，会给你写信，提供老客户余额转账优惠。
The only reason you might not do that is if you had other debts on cards and that card you cleared was cheaper in future, or sometimes your existing card, once it's clear or low, will write to you giving you an existing customer balance transfer offer.
所以它可能会说，你可以把债务转到我们这里，一年7%或者六个月0%，甚至不需要你申请。
So it might say you could shift that to us at 7% for a year or 0% for six months, even without you applying.
如果你还有第三张卡有债务，你可能会想利用这个优惠。
And if you had a third card that had debt on it, you might want to utilize it.
所以我建议，从策略上讲，如果你还有其他债务，我可能会保留它大约六个月或一年，看看他们是否会给你老客户余额转账优惠，这样你可以降低利息成本。
So I would suggest tactically, you've got other debts, I'd probably keep it open for about six months or a year just to see if they're going to give you an existing customer balance transfer offer where you could cut the cost.
好的，关于股票，余额转账可以做多少次？
Okay, shares, how many times can you do a balance transfer?
你想做多少次就做多少次。
As many times as you want to.
你可以通过不断进行余额转账，让债务一直保持在0%利率。这其实是我的一条黄金法则：当你的0%利率期快结束时，你要么还清债务，要么再次进行余额转账。
You can continually keep debt on as 0% by balance transferring, and it's one of my golden rules actually, you should always make sure when your 0% period is about to end, you've either cleared the debt or you balance transfer it again.
能否获得新的余额转账取决于你当时的信用评分，但没有任何规定禁止你这样做。确实有些人会做一种叫“stusing”的操作，但这不适合有债务的人。Stusing是指故意使用0%利率的信用卡，通过制造虚假债务，把钱存进高息银行账户来赚钱。
Whether you can get a new balance transfer depends on your credit score at the time, but there is no rule that stops you doing this, and certainly some people out there who do a thing called stusing, which is not for anybody in debt, stusing is where you deliberately use 0% cards to make money by taking false debt and putting it into a high interest bank account.
这些人通常信用评分高、收入也不错，所以他们能一直把债务维持在0%利率。
So they tend to be people who've got good credit scores and good income and all of that type of stuff, that they perpetually can keep debt at 0%.
好的，我有两个问题，我觉得是类似的问题，但如果有错你纠正我。
Okay, and two questions, I think, sort of along the same grounds, but you correct me if I'm wrong.
Melanie问，找固定利率贷款是不是更好？
Melanie says, is it better to look for a fixed loan?
还有Laura，我真的很同情Laura。
And Laura, I really feel for Laura here.
她说，我的信用卡上大约有4500英镑的债务，我丈夫的信用卡上也有差不多数额的债务。
She says, I have approximately £4,500 of debt on a credit card, and my husband has about the same on his.
我们俩都还在零利率免息期内，而且都有全职工作，但我们在经济上很吃力，感觉还债毫无进展。
We're both still within the naught percent interest free period and both work full time, but we're financially struggling and feels like we're getting nowhere with paying off the debt.
你觉得我们是不是应该申请一笔贷款，用这笔钱还清信用卡，这样我们就只需要还一笔贷款了？
Do you think we were better off taking out a loan and paying off the credit cards with that, and then we would only have one payment towards the loan to pay off?
我讨厌这种经济不稳定的感觉，真的很想把债务和财务状况理清楚。
I hate this feeling of financial insecurity and really wanna get my debts and finances sorted.
好的，这里其实有两件不同的事情。
Okay, so there are two different things going on.
它们其实是同一个问题。
They are the same question.
所以我们先来看第二个问题。
So let's focus on the second one.
现在的情况是，有两件不同的事情在影响。
What's happening here is we have two different things that are affecting.
你被收取的利率，基本上就是你在借款期间实际为这笔债务付出的成本。
You have the rate of interest you are being charged, which is basically how much it's actually costing you to have the debt over the period.
利率越高，你付出的成本就越多。
And the higher the rate of interest, the more it costs you.
你借钱的时间越长，付出的成本也越多。
The longer you borrow for, the more it costs you.
所以你当然希望利率越低越好。
So you of course want the lowest interest rate possible.
这里涉及的第二个问题是现金流。
The second issue that's going on here is cash flow.
也就是你每个月实际需要还多少钱。
How much you actually have to pay each month.
所以很明显，大多数人都希望零利率，并且每个月还得更少。
So clearly, most people would like 0% interest and to pay less each month.
但如果每个月还得少，而实际利率存在的话，你总共要付的钱反而更多。
But if you pay less each month, if there is a real interest rate, then you pay more in total.
那我给你两个答案。
So let me give you two answers.
从我最纯粹的态度来说，我总会选择0%利率的信用卡，而不是贷款。
My purest attitude would say, I would always go with a 0% credit card over a loan.
目前市场上最便宜的贷款，即使是金额比较大的，利率也是6%。
Cheapest loans on the market at the moment, even for large amounts, are 6% interest.
如果你借的金额比较小，利率就是10%或11%。
They're 10, 11 interest if you're borrowing smaller amounts.
那你就会……
So you would then...
那什么是小额……
So what's a small...
什么……
What...
就整体来看
Just in the scheme of
就整体来说，我的意思是……
things, I mean......
一千英镑。
Thousand pounds.
三千以下。
Under 3,000.
所以……
So...
好的。
Okay.
所以他们说的是九千。
So they're they're talking 9,000.
他们说的是九千。
They're talking 9,000.
他们大概能拿到的最便宜利率是6%左右，但这是根据风险定的利率，所以不代表他们一定能拿到最便宜的。
They're they're in of the roughly 6% is the very cheapest if they could get it, and it is rate for risk, so it does not mean they could get the cheapest.
他们说的是6%的利息，所以如果你选择固定利率贷款，你总共要付的钱会更多。
They're talking 6% interest, and therefore you would pay more in total by having a fixed rate loan.
而且如果你说，我想要这样，这样我们每个月少付点钱，那你可能就得借更长时间，那意味着总成本会更高。
And if you're talking about I want this so we have less money coming out, then you're probably going to have to borrow over an even longer period that means it would be more expensive.
所以从纯粹的角度看，记住，如果你的信用卡现在是0%利息，那你每还一分钱都是在减少债务。
So on a purist basis, remember, if your cards are on 0% interest right now, every penny that you're repaying is lowering your debt.
如果你把它转到固定利率贷款，即使利率是6%，你付的一部分钱只是在付利息，并没有在减少债务。
If you move it to a fixed rate loan, even if it's at 6%, some of the money you're repaying is just paying the interest and not clearing the debt.
人们喜欢贷款的地方在于它有固定的期限和固定的还款额，我们每个月就付这么多，不用操心。但信用卡的问题是，它是一个开放式的信贷额度。
The thing that people like about a loan is they have a fixed time and they have a set payment and we just pay this each month and we don't have to worry about The problem with a credit card is it is an open ended credit facility.
你可以继续借，对吧，你也可以只还最低还款额，对吧。我不知道最低还款额是多少，也不知道它们和贷款相比怎么样。
You can keep borrowing, don't, right, and you can pay the minimums, right, And I don't know what the minimums are and how they'd relate to a loan.
我怀疑贷款每月的还款额会比你现在付的要多，除非你把它摊到很长的时间。
I suspect the minimum payment on a loan each month would be higher than you are both paying right now unless you spread it over a long period.
你可以还超过最低还款额的钱。
You can repay more than the minimums.
在我看来，最理想的做法是，趁那些卡还是0%利率的时候，尽可能多还钱，把能还的都还上，尽量降低债务。
I mean in my perfect world I would pay everything you can possibly afford to pay off on the 0% cards while it's 0% to try and lower that debt.
然后，如果可能的话，再做一次余额转移，继续保持0%利率。
So all of that money and then I would balance transfer again if you can to keep it at 0%.
这样你每一分钱都是在还本金。
So every penny you've got is clearing the debt.
不过，转成贷款可能对你们心理上有好处，因为还款计划固定，有明确的时间表，你知道的……
You may find a psychological benefit by moving to a loan because you've got a structured repayment that's over a set time, you know...
这样能让你保持自律，倒不是说让你诚实，而是说有个约束。
Which kind of keeps you honest, well not keeps you honest but keeps it, it's the discipline.
所以，对于像我这样自律性很强的人来说，我肯定会选0%的信用卡，因为没利息，所以更划算，只要你能一直找到0%的卡并不断做余额转移。
so for someone like me who is very disciplined, I would always go with the 0% card because there's no interest and it is therefore cheaper, as long as you can keep getting 0% and keep balance transferring.
从心理上讲，你显然也读到了最后那句话，他们确实在挣扎，对吧。
Psychologically, you and clearly that you read the last phrase, mean they are struggling aren't Yeah.
所以我并不是劝他们别这么做，但你们需要去查一下，看看能不能用资格计算器，看看自己能申请到什么样的贷款、什么利率，然后输入贷款计算器里，做个对比。
So I'm not trying to tell them not to do it, but you need to go and look at if you can go into an eligibility calculator, have a look at what type of loan you would get at what type of rate, put it into a loans calculator and do the contrast.
我的回答是，如果你真的需要心理上的安慰，晚上能睡得着觉，那就去做吧。
My answer would be if you really need to for psychological benefit that then you need to sleep at night, then do it.
但如果你想知道哪个更省钱，那只要你能一直用0%的卡，并且尽可能多还钱，那肯定更划算。
But if you want to know what's cheaper, then keeping on a 0% card as long as you possibly can will be cheaper and paying off as much as you can.
其实你可以去算一下，看看贷款要花多少钱，然后按那个数去还你的信用卡。
I mean what you could do is you could go and do the calculation and see how much the loan would cost you, then pay that amount off your credit card.
心里就当它每个月是一笔贷款。
In your head consider it to be a loan each month.
如果贷款每月要还200英镑，那你就每月还100英镑，固定按这个数还。
Now if the repayments on the loan £200 a month, then you each pay a £100 off a month and you fix your repayments at that.
这样你实际上就把它变成了0%的贷款。
So you've effectively converted it into a loan at 0%.
我真的很想听听大家的看法，如果你经历过这种情况，因为我从数学角度出发，但我理解这里面有情感和心理的因素。
I'd love people's views on that actually if you've been in that situation because I do it from a maths basis, but I understand there's an emotional and a psychological aspect to it.
Chaney有个建议，而且马丁，你居然自己从来没提过这个，真是让人意外。
Chaney has got a tip, and it's a surprise you've never mentioned this yourself, Martin.
如果你有
If you've
信用卡债务，那就全额还清。
got credit card debt, then pay it off in full.
哦，不。
Oh, no.
我，我从来没……
I've I've never...
不。
No.
你知道吗？
Do you know?
我可以做到。
I could do it.
我可以这么说，而且我可以全额还清！
I could say it and I could go in full!
这样大家都能明白。
So that everyone gets it.
但实际上这里并不适用，重要的是大家要明白为什么。
But actually that doesn't apply here and it's important people understand why.
我不会再重复了。
I'm not gonna do it again.
我提出“全额还款”这个说法，是为了确保那些持有返现或现金返还卡的人明白，当你使用信用卡不是为了借钱，而是为了获取奖励或海外消费更便宜时，你要尽量消除它的借贷功能，这样才不会让你付出代价。
The in full message is one I develop to make sure that people who have rewards or cashback cards, so when you are using a card not for borrowing, you're effectively trying to neuter its borrowing ability to get it for rewards or for cheap spending overseas that it doesn't cost you.
因为信用卡的关键在于，如果你欠了1000英镑，当月还清1000英镑，就不会产生利息。
Because the key thing on a credit card is if you have a thousand pound debt on the credit card and you repay off a thousand pounds in the month, there's no interest.
如果你欠了1000英镑，当月只还了999英镑，你仍然要为全部1000英镑支付利息，而不仅仅是那1英镑，你要为全部1000英镑支付利息。
If have a thousand pound debt on a credit card and you repay £999 off in a month, you still pay interest on the entire thousand pounds, not just on the quid, you pay interest on the entire thousand pounds.
所以“全额”就是告诉那些人，不是差不多，不是接近，而是必须全额还清。
So the in full is to say to those people, it's not nearly, it's not close, it is in full that you need to repay.
但在这个情况下，你是在把信用卡当作一种需要偿还的债务来讨论。
But in this case, you're talking about a credit card as a form of debt that needs to be repaid.
所以，我们实际上在说的是，一般来说，做余额转移的时候，目标应该是尽量在余额转移期内还清所有债务。
And therefore, what we're actually talking about, well generally on the balance transfer, aim should be to try and clear all the debt within the balance transfer period.
所以，你拿两千英镑除以余额转移的期限，然后每个月固定还这么多钱，只要
So divide, you've got £2,000 divided by the length of the balance transfer, pay that as a fixed amount off each month as
这个金额
long as it's
高于最低还款额就行，而且你不是在还全款，因为你是在借钱。
more than your minimum repayments, and you're not in an in full because you're borrowing.
这周我们来看看大家的“Tell Us”留言。
Let's have a little look at the telluses this week.
来吧，跟我们说说你的Tell Us。
Go on, tell us about your tellus.
问题是：你花了什么钱，却悄悄瞒着或轻描淡写地不告诉你的伴侣、孩子或父母？他们后来发现了吗？
It was what do or have you spent on that you quietly hid or downplayed to your partner or child or parent and did they ever find out?
好的。
Okay.
黛比，我和我丈夫有个约定，那是大约三十年前，我告诉了他一双设计师品牌鞋在打折时的真实价格之后。
Debbie, I have an agreement with my husband after telling him the real price of a pair of designer shoes in the sale about thirty years ago.
他说，以后我要是再问你任何东西的价格，你就直接说五英镑。
He said, if I ever ask you for the price of anything again, just say it was £5.
听个谎话比听真实价格更容易。
It's it's easier listening to a lie than not the true price.
我们幸福地结婚四十三年了，所以这个方法对我们挺管用的。
We've been happily married for forty three years, so it's worked for us.
不错。
Nice.
只要你们经济上没问题，一切顺利，那就继续这样吧。
Now whatever works for you as long as you're financially solvent and it's all going well, you know, carry on.
达伦，如果你是个潜水爱好者，那这个问题只有两种回答方式，一种是花掉了孩子的遗产去买装备。
Darren, if you're a scuba diver, then there's only two ways to answer this, having spent the kids' inheritance on kit.
第一种，哦，我买了好久了。
One, oh, I've had it for ages.
第二，捡到便宜货，才50英镑。
Two, it was a bargain, £50.
潜水度假的钱都刷在私人信用卡上，不告诉别人。
Scuba holidays go on a personal undisclosed credit card.
我还留了一堆朋友的地址，专门用来收快递。
I also have a network of friends' addresses for deliveries.
莎莉，一个清洁工。
Sally, a cleaner.
以前我总跟我另一半说是我自己打扫的，其实我请了清洁工。
Used to tell my other half I did the cleaning, but I had a cleaner.
有一天她帮我收了个包裹，快递员拍了张她拿着包裹的照片，结果被他发现了。
He found out as she, took in a parcel one day, and the parcel people uploaded a photo of the cleaner holding it.
他问这是谁在我们家，
He asked who was this in our house,
然后我
and I
我不得不骗……
had to con...
我不得不骗……
I had to con...
除非那可能是个情人，可能是情人，对吧？
Unless it was maybe a lover, could have been a lover, couldn't it?
想象一下拿着拖把站在那里。
Imagine standing there with a mop.
凯瑟琳，当我妈妈和我出去看我的婚纱时，我爸爸告诉妈妈不要让我花超过100英镑。
Catherine, when my mum and I went out to look for my wedding dress, my dad told mum not to let me spend more than a £100.
她笑着说，我的婚纱在三十五年前就花了不止100英镑。
She laughed and said, my wedding dress cost more than a £100 thirty five years ago.
那天晚上他还在问她是不是在开玩笑。
He was still asking if she was joking that evening.
可怜的家伙。
Poor fellow.
卡特琳娜，我买任何东西都不需要掩饰。
Katerina, I never need to downplay anything I buy.
为什么？
Why?
因为那是我自己挣来的。
Because I earn it.
就这么简单。
Simple as that, really.
这才是对的，卡特琳娜。
That's the spirit, Katerina.
嗯，不是。
Well, no.
那倒没错。
That's quite right.
你看。
And look.
这涉及到人际关系，每个人都有自己的钱，他们有权拥有自己想要的一切。
This is about relationships, and people have their own individual money, and they're entitled to everything that they want.
而且，实际上，我们得小心强制控制，这是家庭暴力的一种表现。
And, actually, we have to be careful about coercive control, which is a sign of domestic abuse.
还有，如果你因为消费而负债，我总是说，坦白讲，这个比喻不太好，我觉得婚姻中的债务有点像性病，对吧？
And also, if you're building up debt because of your spending, then I always say, frankly, it's not a nice analogy, I always think of debt in a marriage is a bit like an STD, right?
因为即使你们离婚了，即使你们不再在一起，如果你们在财务上有联系，那么债务还是会存在，并且可能影响另一方获得信贷的能力。
Because even if you get divorced, even if you're no longer together, if you're financially linked, then it stays and can still affect the other person's ability to get credit.
所以即使关系结束了，债务还是会跟着某个人。
So it sticks with someone even once the relationship is no longer there.
所以如果你处于那种情况，确实需要一定的坦诚，但同样，其他人也有权对自己的财务状况保持隐私，不被评判，所以我觉得这里需要平衡。
So there is a certain honesty if you were in those type of positions, but equally other people have the right to privacy in their finances not to be judged, so I think there's a balance in here.
雷说，我伴侣有一件T恤，上面写着：当我死的时候，我希望她永远不会以她认为的价格卖掉我的路虎。
Ray says, my partner has a T shirt, says, when I die, I hope she never sells my Land Rover for what she thinks
我在付钱呢。
I'm paying for it.
DMP日记，我觉得这大概指的是债务管理计划，看看这事情会怎么发展。
DMP Diaries, which I think is probably debt management plan looking at where this is going.
DMP日记。
DMP Diaries.
我隐瞒了我的信用卡债务有多严重。
I hid just how bad my credit card debt had become.
我一直对钱的事遮遮掩掩，最后被直接问起时，我全说了，欠了超过六万五千英镑的债，对方虽然生气但也能理解，还支持我开始了债务管理计划。
I was always cagey about money, and eventually, when I was asked outright, I told everything, over £65,000 of debt, understandably angry, but supported me through starting a debt management plan.
那种解脱感非常强烈。
The relief was enormous.
这跟我们之前聊的其他事情也挺契合的。
Now that sort of fits into the context of other things that we're talking about together.
多年来，经常有人向我隐瞒债务的人请教该怎么处理。
I have been asked many times over the years by someone who has hidden their debt, what to do about the debt.
让我告诉你我建议你怎么做。
Let me give you what I would suggest you do.
如果你有一大笔债务，让你晚上睡不着觉，应付不过来，而且还没告诉你的伴侣或另一半，那我会这么做。
If you have a substantial amount of debt that you're not sleeping about at night and that you can't cope with, that you haven't told your partner or significant other about, here's what I would do.
我不会直接告诉他们债务的事，因为很明显，你担心会发生什么。
I would not break them the news of the debt because for obvious reasons, you're worried about what will happen.
我们假设你们的关系是充满爱和信任的，但显然这中间有个小问题。
And we're assuming you're in a loving and trusting relationship here, but obviously this is a glitch to it.
我会去债务咨询机构预约，比如国家债务热线、公民咨询局、Step Change，或者如果你情绪上也很难受的话，可以去基督徒反贫困组织。
I would make an appointment at a debt counseling agency, National Debt Line, Citizens Advice Bureau, Step Change, or Christians Against Poverty if you're struggling emotionally too.
我会先去跟他们做第一次咨询，他们会给你指明方向，给你看到隧道尽头的光，然后我会回去告诉你的伴侣你的债务情况，因为他们可以……
I would go and have your first appointment with them, where they give you the roots, they give you the light at the end of the tunnel, if you like, I would then go back and tell your partner about your debts because they can have what...
你们需要一起努力，帮你解决这个问题。
You're gonna need to work together and help you with it.
但我会在谈话中告诉他们你打算怎么做，这样你不仅告诉他们问题，还给他们提供了出路，让他们看到下一步该怎么做，然后继续前进。
But I would have what you're going to be doing about it within the conversation so that you're providing them with the route out as well as just providing them about the problem, which allows them to see next steps and get on with it.
这大概就是我会怎么处理的方式。
That's probably how I would handle it.
而且你看，伴侣是你自己选的，也许你需要他们的帮助来一起面对，因为你太害怕了。
And look, you choose your own partner, you choose, maybe you need their help to go with it because you're too scared.
但很多人告诉我，他们在那种情况下这样做是有效的。
But that's something that many people have told me has worked for them when they've been in that situation.
好的。
Okay.
我还有三件事要坦白，得赶紧说。
I've just got I've I've just got three more I need to go through of things you gotta confess.
你不想承认你花钱买过的东西。
You you don't wanna confess that you've paid for.
娜奥米说，是一匹马。
Naomi says, a horse.
碰巧和我当时的主力马一样，都是那种带斑点的灰色马。
Just happened to be the same flea bitten gray as my main horse at the time.
他过了好几天才注意到，这真的很好笑，因为从房子里就能看到它们。
It took days for him to notice, which is really funny considering you can see them from the house.
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而且
And
但你不想让你的伴侣为这事唠叨你，对吧？
But you wouldn't want your partners to nag you about it, would you?
哦，马丁，拜托了。
Oh, Martin, please.
抱歉。
Sorry.
妮基说是一匹马。
Nikki says a horse.
我会控制住
I'll rein
这个的。
it in.
我说，我
I said, I
我跟你说过一次了，事不过三，你已经出局了。
I told you once, and that is three strikes and you are out.
我是在给你上笼头吗？
Am I bridling you?
别闹了。
Stop it.
别闹了，快停下。
Stop Stop it.
我现在可是咬住嚼子不松口了。
I've just got a bit between my teeth now.
尼克，尼克。
Nick Nick.
真是的。
Honestly.
抱歉。
Sorry.
我要……抱歉。
I'm gonna Sorry.
如果我继续说下去，我会……我
If I keep talking, I'm gonna go I'm
会把你那个
gonna take that
荣誉BAFTA奖拿走之类的。
honorary bafta off you or something.
他们只是
I mean, they're just
那是特别BAFTA奖，不是荣誉的。
It's a special bafta, not an honorary.
那是特别的
It's a special
BAFTA奖。
bafta.
好的。
Okay.
稍微高一点。
Slightly higher.
我要把你那个特别奖杯拿走。
I'm gonna take that special bafta off you.
妮基说是一匹马。
Nikki says a horse.
我以前拿它跟别人换过。
I was trading it for someone else once.
我把它卖了赚了一笔。
I'd sold it for a profit.
我告诉我丈夫了。
I told my husband.
好的。
Okay.
然后克里斯汀说，我现在有点想买一匹
And then Christine says, I'm now tempted to buy a
马，就为了看看
horse just to see if
我能不能瞒天过海。
I can keep it under the radar.
这肯定是在社交媒体上看到的。
It must have been in social media.
太厉害了。
That's amazing.
那个……
I mean, that...
挺有意思的。
That's interesting.
把一匹马藏得神不知鬼不觉。
Keeping a horse below the radar.
如果你真的藏了一匹马，那我们倒是很想听听。
If you've managed to hide a horse, then we'd be, you know, we'd be interested to hear.
我们要不要回头看看那些信用卡账单？
Should we go back some of the credit cards?
看看你花了多少钱？
Know how much you paid?
不。
No.
我不想
I don't
知道。
wanna know.
不。
No.
我不想看。
I don't wanna know.
我马上就会收到一个提示。
I'm gonna get a blip.
我当时六岁。
I was six.
如果你在听的话，我为了平衡内容，确实做了六次。
If you're listening, I did six while I was focusing on my content to balance.
那不算差。
That's not bad.
不。
No.
六次……
Six...
我觉得反正也就五六磅吧。
I think it was at five or six pounds anyway.
可能也够了。
It was probably enough.
那五六个也太多了。
It was it was five or six too many.
我们要不要回到余额转账的话题？
Should we go back to balance transfer?
我给你一个正经的回答。
I'll give you proper answer.
好的。
Yes.
我刚收到一个……
I've just got a...
欢迎给阿德里安发你的马匹双关语，但其余的
Feel free to send your horse puns in for Adrian, but the rest
我不在的时候他的节目内容。
of his show when I'm not here.
他会喜欢的。
He'll love it.
马丁发来的消息。
Message from Martin.
我两张信用卡欠了大概五千块。
I've got around 5,000 debt over two credit cards.
我想找个余额转账来整合我的债务。
I'm trying to find a balance transfer to consolidate my debt.
我好像没法在注册前得到一个确切的答案，说我能不能获批，只有注册之后才能知道结果。
I can't seem to get a solid answer on what I can get approved for until I've signed up and then I get an answer.
比如，我申请了一张卡，本来以为能批五千的余额转账。
For example, I applied for a car, which I'll be accepted for a $5 balance transfer.
结果注册的时候，只批了两百。
When I was signing up, I only got 200.
好的。
Okay.
所以我觉得这个问题是关于信用额度的，这在余额转账里是个大问题。
So I think what this question is about is about credit limits, which is a really big issue on balance transfers.
那我们就来看看你想怎么做吧。
So let's just go through how you would want to do this.
第一步，申请余额转账时，先用资格计算器，最好是用比较网站上的那种。
The first step is when you're applying for a balance transfer, use an eligibility calculator, preferably an eligibility calculator on a comparison site.
资格计算器是一种工具，它会对你的信用档案进行软查询。
An eligibility calculator is a tool which does a soft search on your credit file.
有两种查询方式。
Two types of searches.
软查询意味着你可以在档案上看到痕迹，但不会影响贷款机构的信用评分。
Soft search means you can see it has left a mark on your file, but it does not count the lender's credit scoring.
硬查询是实际申请时的查询，会在你的信用档案上留下痕迹，短时间内申请太多可能会降低你未来获得信贷的能力。
Hard search is an application search when you actually apply, leaves a mark on your credit file and too many applications in a short space of time can diminish your ability to get future credit.
所以资格计算器做的是软查询。
So an eligibility calculator does a soft search.
然后它会告诉你，我们会讨论巴黎现场债券的演唱会，你最有可能获得哪些顶级卡片，通常是通过给出一个百分比，比如你有90%的机会。
It will then tell you, we'll talk about the concert Paris on-site bonds, which of the top cards you're most likely to get, usually say by giving you a percentage, you've got a 90% chance.
有些情况下，如果是像“up to”那样的卡，你之前听我说过“up to”，他们会告诉你你能拿到什么利率。
In some cases, if it's an up to card, and you heard me talk about up to earlier, they will tell you which rate you will get.
所以可能是36个月，它会说你在36个月内预先批准了，或者你可能会得到32个月，有些资格计算器能做到这一点。
So it might be a thirty six months, it'll say you're pre approved at thirty six months, or you're likely to get thirty two months in some of the eligibility calculators can do that.
在极少数情况下，他们还会给你一个指示性的信用额度，但这种情况很少。
In a very few cases, they can also give you an indicative credit limit, but it is only in a few cases.
绝大多数卡片，提问者说得对，抱歉，我忘了他们的名字，他们不会在申请前告诉你信用额度。
The vast majority of cards, the questioner is quite right, forgive me, I've forgotten their name, that they do not tell you your credit limit until you apply.
这会导致什么，我听过很多次，人们想要5000英镑，他们申请了0%的债务，结果他们得到了，比如100，或者1000，他们得到的比想要的少，他们很恼火，然后他们说，好吧，我不干了。
Now what this leads to, and I've heard this many times is people, they want £5,000, they've applied for 0% debt, and they get in this case, 100, maybe 1,000, they get less than they want, and they're annoyed, and they're like, right, well, I'm not doing that.
那是个错误。
That's a mistake.
一旦你到了那个地步，申请已经记录在案，你有那么多可用的信用额度，它就在那里，用掉它。
Once you're at that point, the application is on your file, you have that amount of eligible credit, it is there, use it.
200英镑按0%利率比200英镑按25.9%利率要好。
£200 at 0% is better than £200 at 25.9%.
所以不管拿到多少，就用它，用你得到的余额转移，把它填满，然后一旦完成，你再回到资格计算器，再试另一张卡。
So whatever you got, use it, use the balance transfer that you've got, fill that up, and then once that's done, you go back to an eligibility calculator and you try on another card.
是的，这可能会影响你的信用评分，但我总是把信用评分比作储蓄。
And yes, this can have an impact on your credit score, but I always talk about credit score like saving.
很多人会说，那会不会影响我的信用评分？
You know, many people say, well, will they set my credit score?
会。
Yes.
但拥有良好信用评分的全部意义，就像你把它存起来用在有用的地方。
But the whole point of having a good credit score, it's a bit like you're saving it up to use it on something useful.
而良好信用评分的主要用途是获得便宜的抵押贷款。
And the primary use of a good credit score is to get a cheap mortgage.
信用评分的第二个重要用途是降低你现有债务的成本。
The second most important use of a credit score is to cut the cost of your existing debt.
所以是的，通过转移和申请，可能会对你的信用评分有一点影响。
So yes, it might impact your credit score a little bit by shifting and applying.
但如果这样能让你在债务上少花钱，那这就是你攒信用分数的目的。
But if that enables you to spend less on your debts, that's what you've been saving it up for.
别为了那种虚无缥缈的理由，比如我就是喜欢有个好信用分数，就把它留着不用。
Do not hold it back for some ephemeral because I just like having a good credit score.
信用分数是个工具。
Credit score is a tool.
再说一次，你之前听我说过，你其实并没有一个真正的信用分数。
And again, you'll have heard me talk before you don't actually have a credit score.
那只是信用参考机构给出的一个参考分数，但大家看到它，就会想着去管理它。
It's just an indicative score given by the credit reference agencies, but people sort of see it and they try and manage it.
它只是个工具，用来帮你获得更好的产品。
It's just a tool to try and get you better products.
所以用它来获得对你更有利、成本更低的产品吧。
So use it to get you better products that cost you less.
好的，那在我们结束之前，你为什么不介绍一下一些最划算的选择呢？
Okay, why don't you run through some best buys then before we go?
好，那我们快速过一遍。
Yeah, so let's just go through that quickly.
我简单说一下，这些是目前市面上有的优惠，当然你能不能申请到就是另一回事了。
I'm just gonna go through, these are the deals available at the moment, clearly whether you can get accepted for them or not is a question.
目前最长的固定0%利率优惠是汇丰银行和维珍理财，都是36个月0%利率，手续费大约是3.1%。
So we have the longest definite deals, definite 0% deals right now, are HSBC and Virgin Money, which are both thirty six months 0% for a roughly 3.1% fee.
也就是说，你每转一千英镑，大概要额外付31英镑，但之后三年内是免息的。
So every thousand pounds you shift, £31 roughly will be added on top and you'll be paying that, but it'll be interest free for three years.
所以，这给了你很长时间来转移债务，也让你有机会还清。
So, I mean, that's that's a long time to shift your debt and gives you a good chance to pay it off.
还有一些“最高”期限的卡，包括TSB、巴克莱卡和第一资本。
There are some up to cards including TSB, Barclaycard and Capital One.
TSB最高是38个月0%利率，但有些客户只能拿到32或35个月。
TSB is up to thirty eight months 0%, but it's up to some customers get thirty two or thirty five months.
这就是我之前说的“最高”期限的意思。
This is the up to thing I was talking about.
巴克莱卡和Capital One最高有36个月0%利率，但Capital One在长期卡里手续费最低，是2.9%。
Barclaycard and Capital One are up to thirty six months 0%, but Capital One has the lowest fee of the long cards at 2.9%.
所以如果你用资格计算器查一下，它能告诉你你能拿到多长的期限，Capital One很多都能这样查，所以36个月的话，比那个确定的36个月更好，因为手续费稍微低一点。
So if you go on an eligibility calculator and it tells you what length you're going to get, which many of them do with Capital One, so thirty six months there is better than thirty six months on the definite because the fee is slightly lower.
然后如果你能更快还清，我推荐几个不错的，维珍理财有一个确定的24个月0%利率，手续费是1.95%。
Then if you can repay quicker, a couple of good ones I'd point out, Virgin Money is a definite twenty four months 0% for a 1.95% fee.
所以手续费便宜很多，但期限短了。
So the fee is substantially cheaper, but you're getting shorter.
但如果你能在两年内还清，那就很棒。
But if you can repay in two years, great.
然后对于能快速还清的人来说，有个特别好的选择，Tesco Bank推出了一张新卡，确定20个月0%利率，但手续费只要1.25%。
And then a really good sweet spot for those who can pay off quickly, Tesco Bank's got a new card, which is a definite twenty months 0%, but just a 1.25% fee.
所以你看，这差别挺大的。
So you can see that's substantial.
每1000英镑只要12.5英镑，不是31英镑，但期限是20个月。
You know, it's £12.50 per grand, not £31 per grand, but you get twenty months.
但如果你能还清，如果你能做预算，然后想，对，我能在那个时间内还清债务，那就用那个。
But if you can clear it, if you can do the budget and go, yeah, I can afford to repair and clear my debt in that time, use that.
然后我们来看最顶级的无手续费优惠。
And then we get to the top no fee deals.
最顶级的无手续费，最长的是巴克莱卡，最长十二个月，0%利息，无手续费，但你可能只拿到六个月，0%利息，无手续费，因为它是“最长”的，而维珍理财最长十一个月，0%利息，无手续费，你可能只拿到九个月。
Top no fee, the longest is Barclaycard at up to twelve months, 0%, no fee, but you could get six months, 0%, no fee, because it's an up to, and Virgin Money is up to eleven months, 0% no fee, you could get nine months.
所以再说一次，用资格计算器查一下，你可能会发现维珍给你的期限比巴克莱卡还长，尽管巴克莱卡的宣传期限最长。
So again, Varan eligibility calculator, you may actually see that you're gonna get longer on Virgin than Barclaycard, even though Barclaycard has the highest headline.
还有几张卡我提一下，Vanquis最长二十四个月，0%利息，但手续费4%，适合信用评分较差的人。
Just a couple of other cards I've mentioned, Vanquist is up to twenty four months, 0% with a 4% fee for poorer credit scorers.
比如过去有法院判决或逾期还款记录的人。
Someone's had past county court judgments or missed payments.
Capital One有一张长期限的、适合信用评分较差者的卡。
Capital One has a long poorer credit scorer card.
Fluid也有一张长期限的、适合信用评分较差者的卡。
Fluid has a long poorer credit scorer card.
这些应该都在你的资格计算器里。
They should all be in your eligibility calculator.
不过，这些信用较差的卡，最大的问题是之后的利率会更贵。
The big issue on those cards, though, on poorer credit cards, is the go to rate afterwards is more expensive.
所以，不是之后变成25%，有些情况下，债务还清后利率会变成40%。
So instead of you going to 25% afterwards, in some cases, you're going to 40% afterwards once the debt's cleared.
我提到这个的原因是，如果你有一张卡，0%期结束后利率很高，那么我只会转移你确定能还得起的债务，前提是你现在的利率更低。
And the reason I mentioned that is if you've got one of those cards that has a high go to interest rate after the 0% end, what it goes to, then I would only shift debt that you're sure you can repay if your current interest rate is lower.
我举个例子吧。
Let me try and give you an example.
你现在的利率是25%。
Your current interest rate is 25%.
这张卡第一年0%，之后是40%。
The card is 0% for a year, and afterwards is 40%.
你不想做的是，把所有债务都转过去，一年后还有剩余债务，那就要付40%的利息了。
Well, what you don't wanna do is shift all of your debt, have debt left after the year, and it'll be at 40%.
所以，如果你要这么做，只转移那些你确定能在一年内以0%利率还清的债务。
So only shift the debt that you're sure you can repay at 0% within the year if you're doing that.
如果你现在的卡是25%，之后也是25%，那你可以把所有的债务都转过去，因为你的处境不会变得更糟。
If your card now is 25% and it goes to 25 afterwards, well then you can shift all the debt because you wouldn't be in a worse position.
好的。
Okay.
安琪，因为工作时长减少，月薪也降了，有个家人现在真的很难还每月的信用卡账单。
Angie, due to a cut in hours at work and monthly pay, a family member is really struggling to manage his monthly credit card.
他申请一张0%利率的卡值得吗？
Would it be worth his while applying for a 0% card?
他担心的是，其他地方可能不会接受他的申请。
His fear is that he won't be accepted anywhere else.
这种担心完全合理，而且很可能确实如此，但这并不是不申请的理由。
That's a perfectly legitimate fear and may well be the case, but that is not a reason for not applying.
绝对……
I mean, absolute...
我以前遇到过一个人……
I once had someone...
那是我朋友的朋友，她当时就遇到这种情况，她亲自来问我。
It's it's an old friend of a friend, right, who was in this situation, and she asked me personally.
她说，我……
She said, I...
我试过了，但只有20%的……
I've I've tried it, and I've only got a 20%...
我只有一张卡愿意给我机会，而且只有20%的机会，所以我可能不该申请，对吧？
I've only got one card that's giving me a chance and it's only giving me a 20% chance, so I probably shouldn't apply, should I?
我的回答是，等等，这是你最需要做的事，你背负着高息债务。
My answer was, hold on, this is the most important thing you need to do, you've got expensive debt.
20%的机会意味着，在你这种情况下，十个人里有两个人能成功。
A 20% chance means two in ten people in your circumstance will get it.
你也许就是那两个人之一。
You may be one of the two.
她申请了，结果被批准了，之前她欠了两千英镑的债务，一直付着高利率，现在这笔债务的利率变成了零。
She applied, was accepted, had £2,000 debt that she'd been paying expensive rates on that she now had at zero.
而且没有罚款，
And there's no penalty to
你看，申请一次会在你的信用报告上留下一个小标记。
Well, look, an application has a minor mark on your credit file.
他们不知道你有没有被拒绝，但确实会留下一个小标记。
I mean, they don't know if you've been rejected, but it has a minor mark on your credit file.
但是，除了用来尝试申请，信用分数还有什么用呢？
But what is the point of having the credit score apart from using it to try?
所以，用一下资格计算器，如果有合适的卡，就申请一张成功机会比较大的，有些人可能找不到合适的卡，但仅仅因为害怕被拒绝就不去申请，那绝对是错的。
So use an eligibility calculator, apply for a card that gives you a decent chance if there is one there, and some people there won't be one, but not doing it because you're scared of rejection is absolutely wrong.
被拒绝是最坏的结果，但这也比不去尝试要好。
Rejection is the worst thing that can happen and that's better than not trying.
所以，你绝对应该去申请。
So absolutely you should do it.
Shane，我收到的只有六个月0%的优惠，我信用分低，怎么才能拿到更高的额度？
Shane, all I get offered is six months and 0%, how can I get higher with lower credit?
我还是建议你用资格计算器，但如果他们只给你这个，那你就只能按这个系统来。
Again, eligibility calculator would be my answer, but if that's all they're offering you, then that's the way that you have to work through the system.
你需要做的是去管理你的信用评分。
What you need to do is you need to go and manage your credit score.
你需要去用那些能显示你信用问题的信用评分工具。
You need to go onto one of the credit scoring tools out there that shows you what the problems are.
有时候问题出在收入上，这里顺便解释一下信用卡的情况。
Sometimes this is income, and it's worth just noting with credit cards just to explain.
你申请的时候会发生两件事。
Two things happen when you apply.
信用评分。
Credit score.
你是不是一个信用良好的公民？
Have you been a good credit citizen?
我们能不能根据你过去的信用记录、我们掌握的信息以及你申请表上的内容，来预测你未来的行为会良好、会按时还款呢？
Can we predict your future behavior will be good and you will repay based on the way you've behaved in the past, looking at your credit reference files and information we have on you and your application form details.
第二点是还款能力评分。
Second thing is an affordability score.
你负担得起还款吗？
Can you afford to repay?
我们能借给你多少钱？
How much can we afford to lend?
所以信用卡的信用评分通常是这样：不像贷款那样，因为申请金额太高而你还不起，就直接拒绝你。
So what tends to happen in credit scores, unlike a loan where you'll get a rejection for affordability because you're applying for $5 and you can't afford to repay it.
对于信用卡，你不会因为还款能力低而被拒绝，只是信用额度会低一些，但信用评分不好可能会导致被拒。
With a credit card, you won't be rejected for low affordability, you'll just be given a low credit limit, but a credit score can see you being rejected.
所以这两方面都在评估中。
So those two things are going through.
我看我们快讲到重点了。
I can see we're getting close to Mastermind.
关于这个，我还有几点想说的，确保都讲到位。
Just a few more things I want to say on this to make sure I get it in.
这是我关于余额转账的四条黄金法则，用来保护你自己。
These are my four balance transfer golden rules to protect yourself.
选到一张好卡并不是唯一重要的事。
Getting a good card is not the only thing.
第一条，你必须在0%利率结束前还清债务，或者至少再做一次余额转账，否则你就要支付更高的标准年利率，通常是25%。
Rule one, you must clear your debt before the 0% ends or at least balance transfer it again, or you will pay the higher go to representative APR, which is typically 25%.
那可不便宜。
That is expensive.
第二条，绝对绝对绝对不要错过每月最低还款额。
Rule two, never ever ever miss your minimum monthly repayment.
如果错过了，你的0%利率可能会被取消。
If that happens, you can get your 0% rate taken off you.
如果你第二个月也错过了，那利率就回到25%了。
You know, if you miss your second month and you're back at 25%.
所以我建议大家设置一个直接借记来偿还最低还款额，如果你打算这么做的话。
So what I suggest people do is you set up a direct debit to repay the minimum, if if that's what you wanna do.
如果你想多还一些，你仍然可以手动多还，但直接借记可以防止我忘记还款而失去优惠保护，然后你每个月再手动多还一些，这两者是可以同时进行的。
If you wanna repay more on top, you can still manually repay more on top, but that's just the direct debit is your prevents me forgetting and losing the deal protection, and then you pay more on top each month manually, and you're allowed to do both.
这样没问题。
That's fine.
但千万不要错过最低还款额。
But do not miss the minimum.
这是一条硬性规定。
I mean, that is a proper hard rule.
它可能会毁掉一切。
It can ruin everything.
第三，不要消费。
Three, do not spend.
不要在这些卡上取现。
Do not withdraw cash on these cards.
余额转账的优惠利率通常只适用于转到卡上的债务，不包括新的消费。
Balance transfer rates tend to only be for debt shifted to the card, not new spending.
有些更全面的卡两种都覆盖，所以要特别小心。
There are some more rounder cards that do both, so be very careful.
另外，一般来说，如果你在做余额转账，尽量不要积累更多债务，做个预算，按预算执行，这其实是我第四条建议，我刚意识到，我在第三条里已经提到了。
Then also generally, if you're balance transferring, try not to build up more debt, do a budget, work through that, which was my fourth tip, I just realized, I gave it within my third tip.
所以这就是我的四条建议。
So there's my four tips.
到这儿，Adrian，我可以休息一下了。
At that point, Adrian, I can have a break.
我可以微笑放松，因为让我们来放一下《Mastermind》的主题曲。
I can smile and relax because let's do the Mastermind theme tune.
你好，欢迎来到《Money Mastermind》，Adrian。
Hello, and welcome to Money Mastermind, Adrian.
到目前为止，在这个三选一的多选题里，你答对了24题，答错了44题，这意味着，万岁，恭喜你，干得好，我为你感到骄傲。
So far you've got 24 right and 44 wrong in this three option multiple choice, which means hurrah congratulations, well done, I am proud of you.
你是……
You are...
B R C。
B R C.
你比随机猜的准确率要高，而且今天有个前所未有的情况，阿德里安，就算你答错了，下周你的成绩还是会比随机猜要好。
You are better than random chance and in an unprecedented move, we actually have a situation today, Adrian, that even if you got it wrong, you would still be better than random chance next week.
你多了一次机会。
You've got one spare.
我为你感到骄傲。
I'm proud of you.
后面还有一个。
Got one in the back.
为你骄傲。
Proud of you.
这就对了。
There you go.
这让我感觉很好。
That must make me feel good.
就像西布朗队2比0领先一样。
It's like West Brom having a two nil lead.
但最后总是以糟糕的结局收场，算了，继续吧。
It always ends it always ends bad, anyway, go on.
所以，给不知道的朋友们解释一下，这个设定有点复杂，我们最后会讲清楚的。
So here's the setup for those who don't know, it's a convoluted setup, we'll get there in the end.
阿德里安正在为他的报税单发愁。
Adrian is fretting over his tax return.
你得是个天才才能搞懂这个。
You need to be a wizard to understand this.
我真希望，真希望我受过正确的教育。
I wish I wish I'd had the right education.
一封信从信箱里飘进来，收件人是A·查尔斯先生，地址是楼梯下工作室，信里全是抱怨。
A letter flutters through the letterbox, addressed to Mr A Charles, under the stairs studio, big whinging.
阿德里安觉得报税太烦了，根本没注意到，就把它晾在一边。
Finding his return too taxing to notice, Adrian ignores it.
没过多久，同一个信箱里哗啦啦涌出几百封信。
Moments later, hundreds of letters explode through the same letterbox.
前门猛地被撞开，走进来一个高个子、灰白胡子、穿着飘逸长袍的巫师。
The front door bursts open to a tall grey bearded wizard in flowing robes.
孩子们，我是邓布利多，霍格沃茨的校长。
Young childs, I am Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogsworth.
你曾渴望更好的教育。
You wished for a better education.
正好，我们需要一位麻瓜货币学老师。
As it happens, we need a teacher of muggle money studies.
我们的小巫师和小女巫能变出金子，但对让麻瓜的钱生钱的魔法奥秘却知之甚少。
Our young witches and wizards can conjure gold, but know little about the magical mysteries of making money muggle work.
魔法部告诉我，你周复一周地帮助麻瓜处理他们的钱财。
The ministry tells me that week after week, you help muggles with their money.
你也知道，阿德里安，魔法部的信息出了名地容易出错。
As you'll know, Adrian, the ministry info is famously error prone.
所以，展示一下你的本事，这个职位就是你的了。
So show us your skill and the post is yours.
下面哪一项是ISA不能帮你避开的？
Which of these will an ISA not shelter you from?
A，股息所得税；B，遗产税；C，资本利得税。
A, income tax on dividends, b, inheritance tax, c, capital gains tax.
好了，那个声音就到此为止，因为我现在嗓子都哑了。
And that's enough of that voice because I've now got a sore throat.
我嗓子有点哑，得回到之前的话题。
I'm a little hoarse to take it back to earlier.
好。
Okay.
好。
Okay.
你拿到问题了。
You got the question.
继续吧。
Just keep going.
我对我的邓布利多很满意。
Was pleased with my Dumbledore.
你根本不会去做的。
You're not even gonna work.
谢谢，我靠你了。
Thank I'm hanging on you.
我，我……
I'm I'm...
我脑子里有别的事，正忙着处理这个问题呢。
I've got other matters on my mind trying to deal with the question.
所以，要得到这份工作，你得告诉我们，ISA不能帮你规避以下哪一项：股息所得税、遗产税，还是资本利得税？
So in order to get the job, you need to tell us which of these will an ISA not shelter you from, income tax on dividends, inheritance tax, or capital gains tax?
这是……
It's...
嗯，资本利得。
Well, capital gain.
不对。
No.
你在ISA里赚的是什么？
What what you make in the ISA?
是……
It's
是ISA。
it's ISAs.
我在帮你。
I'm helping you.
所有ISA都是。
All ISAs.
都是ISA。
All ISAs.
所有类型的ISA。
All types of ISAs.
看我多帮忙。
Look at me being helpful.
ISA有哪些类型？
What types of ISAs are there?
给我两个例子。
Take me take me two.
嗯，有股票型的，还有现金型的。
Well, the shares one, and then there's a cash one.
我们还是用这些吧。
We'll still stick with those.
好的。
Okay.
好的。
Okay.
股息要交所得税。
Income tax on dividends.
我觉得是……
I think it's a.
我觉得，我觉得……
I think I think it...
我觉得……
I think...
我不太……
I don't...
如果钱在ISA里，然后你去世了……
If it's in an ISA and then you die...
我不知道。
I don't know.
是A还是...
Is it a or...
如果是ISA，然后你死了呢？
If ISA and then you die?
是...
Is...
那这部分算不算你的遗产？
Then is is that part of your estate?
那算不算...
Does that count...
那个税收优惠算不算...
I mean, does the does the tax benefit...
我不知道。
I don't know.
我不知道。
I don't know.
我搞不懂……
I can't...
股息要交所得税。
Income tax on dividends.
我不太清楚
I don't
你是打算买一个？
You're going for a?
你是锁定一个。
You're locking in a.
它不能帮你避所得税。
Doesn't shelter you from income tax.
那很多
That's a lot
音乐
of music.
不。
No.
不。
No.
等一下。
Hang on.
不。
No.
我选B，遗产税。
I'm gonna go for b, inheritance tax.
我觉得
I think
最终答案。
Final answer.
我觉得是免税的饶舌歌手。
I think the tax free rapper.
我觉得迪恩斯坑了你。
I think Dines did you.
你放哈利路亚干嘛？
What are you playing the hallelujah for?
我觉得他们就是给了我，我的最终答案是B。
I think they just give me a My final answer was b.
就是B。
It was b.
我没说放哈利路亚。
I haven't said play the hallelujah.
什么？
What?
是不是B？
Was was it B?
就是B。
It it was.
我刚才搞砸了。
I just messed that up.
继续。
On.
继续吧。
Go on.
是什么？
What was it?
是B。
It is B.
是B。
It's B.
没错。
That's right.
但我正要长篇大论地解释为什么是B，不过……
But I was about to do my long lead in onto the reason it was B, but which I...
那就来两声哈利路亚吧。
Get two hallelujahs then.
这不就是全部吗？
Isn't this all that?
哦。
Oh.
你看，我……
See, I...
你太急着要给出最终答案了。
You were so hurried to go final answer.
我想，嗯，这显然是错的，因为你急着催我，所以……
Thought, well, it's obviously wrong because you're trying to hurry me into it, so...
但不是，是遗产税。
But no, inheritance tax.
对。
Yes.
非常感谢。
Thank you very much.
抽雪茄的时间到了。
Cigar time.
太喜欢了。
Love it.
好的。
Okay.
那我们来解释一下吧。
So let's actually explain it.
你看。
Look.
基本上，ISA能帮你免掉当前的税。
Basically, ISAs protects you from the current tax that you have on them.
所以在股票和股票ISA里，任何资本利得，也就是你卖出时赚的那部分利润，都不用交税，因为ISA的包装把它保护起来了。
So in a stocks and shares, ISA, any capital gains, though that's the gain that you make on a profit, any profits that you make when you sell it, they are not there because it's sheltered with an ISA wrapper.
股息的所得税和储蓄利息差不多。所以如果你从基金或股票ISA里的股票获得股息收入，那部分也是受保护的。
Income tax on dividends is pretty much the same as savings, making interest So on if you're getting income tax on dividends from your fund or shares within your shares ISA, again, that is protected.
而且不止这样，记住ISA不只是免税，它们是完全不用交税的。
And not only that, remember ISAs not just taxed, they're not taxable.
所以它们不会占用你的其他免税额，比如个人免税额之类的，完全被保护起来。
So they don't count towards your other allowances, your personal allowance or anything like that, they're totally sheltered.
但是当你去世时，ISA会算作你遗产的一部分。
But when you pass an ISA on when you die, it is part of your estate.
好的，那你不会……
Okay, well, you don't...
你是把ISA传下去，还是把ISA里的东西传下去？
Do you pass an ISA on or do you pass the someone that's in the ISA?
所以两种情况下都可以。
So both in certain circumstances.
所以第一条规则，ISA在你去世后仍然保持免税，作为一个持续账户，直到遗产管理结束或去世三周年，以先到者为准，但不能存入新钱，所以它保持免税。
So rule number one, the ISA stays, when you die, stays tax free, a continuing account until administration of the estate ends or the third anniversary of death, whichever comes first, but no new money can paid in, so it stays tax free.
等这笔钱转移之后，它就会计入我们之前提到的遗产税免税额，也就是32万5千英镑。它会占用那个免税额，因为它是你遗产的一部分，所以它就是你拥有的钱。
When it's moved on, then it counts towards your inheritance tax allowance that we talked about this earlier, 325,000, it would count towards that allowance, it's part of your estate, so it's just money that you've got.
但是关于ISA的额度，对于你的配偶或民事伴侣，也就是已婚或民事伴侣关系，不包括同居伴侣，也不包括你的子女，他们可以额外获得与你去世时相同额度的ISA免税额度。
But your ISA allowance, there is a special rule for your spouse or civil partner, so your married or civil partner, not cohabiting, not your kids, that they can get an extra ISA allowance of the same as your allowance when you died.
所以如果你有5万英镑的ISA，他们就可以额外获得5万英镑的免税ISA额度。
So if you've got $50 in ISAs, they can get an extra £50,000 tax free ISA allowance.
这被称为额外允许认购额，或者……
It's called the additional permitted subscription or...
即使他们自己的ISA已经存满了。
Even if they're maxed out on their own.
即使他们已经存满了。
Even if they're right.
这是……
It's...
他们可以获得你的额度。
They can get your allowance.
他们可以申请这个。
They can apply for it.
但值得注意的是，你得向你的ISA提供商申请，而且不是所有ISA提供商都会允许你这么做，不过规则里有这个规定，所以你可能需要找一家提供这项服务的新的ISA提供商。
But it's worth noting you have to apply to your ISA provider to get it and not all ISA providers will allow you to have it, but the rules have a provision, so you might need to go to a new ISA provider who offers it.
有趣的是，我可以把钱给我的孩子，但我仍然可以把我的免税额转给我的配偶。
And interestingly, I could give my child the money, but I could still pass the allowance on to my spouse.
有意思。
Interesting.
就是这样运作的。
And it works that way.
阿德里安，你现在有配偶了。
Adrian, you're now you've now got a couple spouse.
我有三个女儿，我很高兴你说得对。
I'm three girls up, I'm three girls I'm glad you're right.
早说就谢天谢地了。
Premature would be hallelujah.
我喜欢这个。
I like it.
你那边的人都是这样，你看。
For Everyone on your side, you see.
所以我和Adrian的播客主节目已经录完了，现在和我一起的是播客制作人Simon，也就是PPS本人。
So I finished the main podcast with Adrian and I am now joined by podcast producer Simon PPS himself.
你好，Si。
Hello, Si.
你好，很高兴来到这里。
Hello, delighted to be here.
刚才在播客里我提了几件事，大家已经发来了一些反馈。
Now I asked for a couple of things during that podcast that people have got in touch with.
希望你现在已经在你的文本控制台上看到了。
So hopefully you have them on your text console now.
首先，最重要的是，有没有人觉得，虽然余额转账更便宜，但他们还是会选择贷款？
Did we, first of all, most importantly, did we have any people who had opinions about, even though they would go for a balance transfer is cheaper, they may go for a loan?
那么，北安普顿的马丁联系了我们。
Well, so Martin in Northampton, he got in touch.
他说，马丁，我会做余额转账。
He said, I would do a balance transfer, Martin.
他提到申请人应该检查最低月还款额的百分比。
She mentioned the applicant should check the percentage of the minimum monthly payment.
有些只有1%，有些可能达到3%。
Some are only 1% when some can get 3%.
这对任何人的现金流来说都是很大的差异。
That's a big difference to anyone's cashflow.
对，我觉得这点说得很好。
Yeah, I think that is a good point.
就像我一样，你做余额转账，但确实需要关注现金流。
And like me, you do a balance transfer, but you do have to look at the cashflow.
我觉得市面上只有1%的产品并不多。
I don't think there are that many out there with only 1%.
现在关于最低还款的规定是，信用卡必须有的最低月还款额，通常要覆盖所有利息、费用和收费，再加上至少未偿还余额的1%。
Now the rules on minimum payments is the minimum, minimum monthly repayment that a card must have is it must generally cover all interest, fees and charges plus at least 1% of the outstanding balance.
以前的情况是，最低还款额可能连利息都覆盖不了，所以如果你处于那种情况，你就会永远陷在债务里。
Now it used to be the case they would have minimum repayments that didn't even cover all the interest, so therefore if you were in that particular position you would be in perpetually in debt.
现在他们不能再那样做了，但未偿还余额的1%也清不了多少债。
They can't do that anymore, but 1% of the outstanding balance wouldn't clear that much.
当然，一般来说，你希望尽量多还，这样在0%利率期结束前就能还清所有债务。
Of course, in general, you want to be clearing as much that means you've got rid of all the debt by the time the 0% period is end.
但如果你只还最低还款额，又担心现金流，那么选一张最低还款额较低的卡，并查清楚最低还款额是多少，这是我们建议的做法。
But if you are on that minimum and you are worried about cash flow, then getting a card with a lower minimum payment and checking what the minimum repayment would be is something that we would look up to.
所以我觉得他这点说得很好，是的。
So I think he's got a good point on that, yes.
还有其他的吗？
Any others?
嗯，我们其实收到了
Well, we actually got
收到一条短信，是个成功案例。
a text in with a success story.
好的。
Okay.
可惜没留名字，但她说离婚之后……
No name sadly, but they say after getting divorced
那我们就叫她安妮吧。
Well, we'll call them Anne.
安妮·奥尼莫斯。
Anne Onimus.
安妮说了什么？
What did Anne say?
她说2012年离婚后，背上了大笔房贷，还有两万英镑的律师费，根本无力偿还。
They said after getting divorced in 2012, I ended up with a large mortgage and £20,000 in lawyers cost that I had no way of paying.
我争取减免了费用，还了一部分债务，然后申请了几张0%利率的信用卡，把卡债还清了。
I argued the cost, had them reduced, paid some of the debt, then got a number of 0% credit cards and paid the balance on the cards.
我花了大约五年时间才把债务全部还清，但没付任何利息。
It took me approximately five years to pay off the debt completely, but paid no interest.
我现在还存了大约一万五千英镑，这让我非常满意。
I continue to stews in the region of £15,000, which is very satisfying.
谢谢你，MartinLewis。
Thank you, MartinLewis.
哦，这就像大马士革之路的故事，对吧？
Oh, that's like a road to Damascus story, isn't it?
是的。
Yes.
这完全是彻底的转变。
That's pure convert.
是的，所以首先，为了那些不了解的人解释一下，她先是把所有的债务转到0%利率的信用卡上，处理完费用和其他问题后，然后以0%的利率全部还清了。
Yes, so first thing, just to translate that for people who don't know, started off by moving all the debts to 0% once you dealt with the fees and other things that she had, and then cleared it all at 0%.
说白了，如果是0%利率，那就意味着你借钱实际上没有任何成本。
Let's just be plain, if it's at 0%, that means there is actually no cost to you of borrowing.
如果我要讲得特别专业的话，现在正是时候，因为我们现在在播客里，可以讲得深入一点。
If And I was gonna get really technical, and then this is the time to do it because we're in the pod only bit now, this is where we get really technical.
实际上，这意味着你的债务在缩水。
In real terms, that actually means your debt is shrinking.
什么？
What?
怎么会这样？
How does that work?
我听到你这么说。
I hear you say.
好吧，让我来解释一下。
Well, let me explain.
最终，如果通货膨胀率是3%或4%，那意味着你能买到的东西的价值。
Ultimately, if you have inflation running at say three or 4%, that means the value of goods you can buy.
如果你去购物，买了一车价值100英镑的东西，第二年同样的东西要花103英镑，再下一年就是106英镑，以此类推，假设通货膨胀稳定，你明白我的意思了吧。
If you went into and bought a shopping trolley worth of goods that cost £100 the next year, the same shopping trolley worth of goods would cost £103 and the year after it would be £106 and whatever, assuming inflation was stable, you get the point.
所以实际上，如果你的债务利率是0%，而且你一直保持0%，今年你有一购物车的商品，明年你只需要支付同样的金额，那么你实际上偿还的比明年一购物车商品的成本要少，这意味着实际上，你的债务在缩水。
So effectively, if your debt is at 0% and you're keeping it at 0% and you have one shopping trolley's worth of goods this year, and you only have to pay the same monetary amount next year, then you're actually having to repay less than the cost of one shopping trolley's worth of good next year, which means in real terms, your debt is shrinking.
不过，我并不是建议大多数人都把债务保持在0%，因为对大多数人来说，你就是想摆脱债务。
Now, I'm not using that as a suggestion to keep everything at 0% debt for most people, because for most people, you just wanna get rid of that debt.
那很危险。
It's dangerous.
你不想鼓励自己过度消费。
You don't wanna encourage yourself to overspend.
你不想0%债务到期后，无法进行余额转移，突然变成高利率。
You don't wanna run out of the 0% debt, not be able to get a balance transfer and suddenly it's at a high interest rate.
但对于那些懂行且谨慎的人，以及那些进行“stewsing”的人，也就是她接下来提到的，故意持有0%债务的人。
But for those who know what they're doing and they're careful and those who stews, which is what she moved on to, which is deliberately having a 0% debt.
所以这意味着，我们在之前的播客中已经讨论过，这里我就不深入了，请在没有做充分研究之前不要这样做，而且只有在没有债务且财务精明的情况下才做。
So what this means, and we've done it on other pods before, I'm not going to go into it here and please don't do it without doing proper research and only if you're debt free and only if you're financially savvy.
但“stewsing”实际上意味着我要从信用卡上以0%的利率借款。
But stewsing effectively means I'm going to borrow at 0% from a card.
我会用信用卡消费，这样我就不用动用银行账户里的钱了。
I'm going to spend on my card and then that means I'm not using money from my bank account.
钱就在银行账户里慢慢攒起来。
The money builds up in my bank account.
我会把银行账户里的钱存到高息的储蓄账户或者现金ISA里，风险很低，能赚个4%到5%的利息，而这些钱其实是信用卡公司以0%利率借给我的。
I'm going to put the money in my bank account into a high interest savings account or cash ISA risk free and earn four or 5% on the money that the bank, the credit card company is lending me at zero percent.
这就是所谓的“倒腾信用卡”策略。
And that's what stoozing is.
这真是个非常棒的故事。
So it's really, really lovely story.
还有一件事。
And there's one other thing
我想问你，但是……
I want to ask you, but
我觉得我们还有几个关于信用卡的问题没来得及讨论。
I think we've got a couple more questions we didn't get through on credit cards.
要不我们先回答这些问题吧，西蒙，可以吗？
Why don't we do those first, if that's all right, Simon?
好的，其中一个问题来自杰夫。
Yeah, so one of the questions came from Jeff.
他说，还有一个信用卡的功能。
Another credit card feature, he says.
一旦你停止领薪水退休了，公司就非常不愿意给你一个像样的信用额度。
Once you stop earning a salary and retire, the companies are extremely reluctant to extend a decent credit limit.
尽管你的信用记录很干净，但除非你手头有一大笔现金，而不是被套在投资或储蓄里，否则买大件东西就会很困难。
Despite having a clear credit history, it makes big purchases a challenge unless you have a large chunk of cash available, not tied up in investments or savings.
对，确实是这样。
Yeah, so that's absolutely right.
这又回到了我之前说的那个细微差别，就是信用评分和负担能力评分的区别。
This goes back to that nuance I talked about before of the difference between credit scoring and affordability scoring.
所以你的信用评分可能很高。
So you probably have a very good credit score.
你一直都有良好的信用记录，但因为收入减少了，他们就不愿意给你那么高的信用额度，因为他们会质疑：你能还得起吗？
You've always had a good credit history, but because you have less income, they are not willing to give you as high credit limit because they're questioning, can you afford to repay it?
即使你过去一直还款记录良好，这里影响你的其实是可负担性评分。
And even though that you've always had a history of good repayments, the affordability score will be what's hurting you here.
所以并不是因为你退休了，他们不喜欢你，而是基于你的收入。
So it isn't particularly the fact that you're retired, we don't like you, it's based on income.
如果你的收入下降了，你很可能拿到更低的信用额度。
If your income's dropped, you're likely to get a lower credit limit.
朱莉问，我的信用卡是在银行办的，光是利息就……
And Julie asks, my credit card is with my bank and the interest alone is
顺便说一句，这也就是为什么在退休前还在赚钱的时候，如果你需要不错的信用额度，申请信用卡是个好时机。
$9.70 By the way, as a quick note, it's why just before retirement while you're still in earnings, it can be a very good time to do an application for a credit card if you needed a decent credit limit.
这是个很实用的小建议。
Good little tactical advice.
朱莉问，我的信用卡是在银行办的，光是利息就99英镑。
Julie asks, My credit card is with my bank and the interest alone is £99.
我这个月要还178英镑，而且因为我的信用不好，我没法做余额转账。
I pay £178 this month and because my credit is bad, I can't do a balance transfer.
有什么建议的话就太好了。
Any suggestions would be helpful.
嗯，我不太确定你这个问题里，你是直接向银行申请了余额转账，还是用了那种包含信用较差人群的资格计算器，而且我之前也提醒过那些注意事项。
Well, I'm not sure within that question whether you've just asked your bank for a balance transfer or you've gone onto an eligibility calculator, one that includes poorer credit cards, again, with all the warnings I gave earlier.
所以我的第一步建议是，咱们先确认一下你有没有用过那种正规的比较型资格计算器，上面有各种信用卡，看看你是不是真的申请不到。
So my first step would be let's just double check that you've been onto a proper comparison based eligibility calculator that has a full range of cards on it to check whether you really can or can't get them.
如果确实不行，因为你目前要付25%的利息，我会建议你跟银行谈谈，问问能不能把你的信用卡债务转成一种有结构的贷款，利息可能会低一些，而且你肯定能还上。
If you can't, at that point, because you're paying 25% interest, I would speak to my bank and ask, is there a way to convert my credit card debt into a structured loan at hopefully a lower level of interest that you're decidedly going to repay?
如果他们不同意，那我们就进入我最后那三个问题。
If they don't allow that, then I would say we move into my sort of the final three questions.
我之前稍微提过这个，但这次我直接说清楚。
And I talked a little bit about this earlier, but let me go and do this more bluntly.
余额转账适合那些能处理自己债务、想省点钱的人。
So the balance transfer is a solution for those who can deal with their debts and want to cut costs.
但总有一个时刻，你无法再处理自己的债务，这时你可能需要换一种策略。
But there comes a point where you can't deal with your debts and you likely need to go on a different tack.
基于这种情况，我会问任何人以下三个问题。
And these are the three questions I would ask anybody on this basis.
第一个问题，你是否难以支付每月最低还款额或所有账单？
Question number one, do you struggle to meet minimum monthly repayments or pay all the bills?
第二个问题，你的总债务（不包括房贷和学生贷款）是否超过一年的薪水？
Question two, is your total debt, not including mortgage and student loan, over a year's salary?
第三个问题，你是否因为债务而失眠、抑郁或焦虑？
Question three, do you have sleepless nights or depression, anxiety over debt?
如果你对任何一个问题回答“是”，那么我建议你去找一个免费的非营利债务咨询慈善机构，你可以说，我划清界限，我的债务已经失控，我需要寻求帮助。
If you answer yes to any of those, then I would push you towards going to a free nonprofit debt counseling charity where, so you just say, you draw a line and say, my debts are out of control for me and I need to go and get help.
当你这样做时，未来借款会变得更困难，但这可能会带来巨大的解脱。
Now, when you do that, it makes borrowing more difficult in future, but it can be an enormous relief.
而且这意味着你的债权人会停止追债。
And it can mean your creditors stop chasing you.
你可能会进入一个债务管理计划。
You might go into a debt management plan.
在极端情况下，甚至可能最适合你的方案是IVA或个人破产，但你去的是非营利性债务咨询机构，他们不是来评判你的。
You might even at the extreme an IVA or bankruptcy may be best for you, but you're going to a nonprofit debt counseling agency who is not there to judge you.
他们只是来帮助你的。
They're only there to help you.
我之前提到过他们，比如Step Change、Citizens Advice、National Debt Line、Christians Against Poverty，你应该去寻求他们的帮助。
I mentioned them earlier, step change, Citizens Advice, National Debt Line, Christians Against Poverty, and you should go and do that.
当人们陷入债务危机并去寻求帮助时，我听到的最大的反馈，最好的总结就是他们说：谢谢你，谢谢你告诉我这些，我昨晚终于睡着了。
And the biggest message I get when people do that when they're in debt crisis, the best way I can sum it up is they just say, thank you, thank you for telling me about that, I slept last night.
所以，虽然我不知道你处于哪个阶段，但希望这能给你一些不同的思路，让你可以去寻求帮助。
So hopefully, I don't know where you are in that pantheon, in that whole staging, but hopefully that gives you a few different ideas that you can go there.
这确实是件麻烦事，对吧？
It's one of those things, isn't it?
说起来容易，但什么都不做才是最糟糕的，对吧？
It's an easy thing to say, but doing nothing is the worst thing to do, isn't it?
我一直记得我自己的第一个电视节目是2005年ITV的一个日间节目，叫《让我变富》。
So I always remember my first TV show of my own was an ITV show daytime show called Make Me Rich in 2005.
说实话，我讨厌那个标题，还试图不让他们用，因为我的整个理念就是——我甚至说过，你们能不能在标题后面加个问号？
Note, I hated the title and tried not to get them to do because the my whole thing, and I even said, can you put a question mark on the end of it?
但不行，因为那时候我还没有话语权，不像现在这样。
But no, because it was a time where I didn't have the say, not in the same way that I do now.
那时候我刚起步。
Was starting off.
不过，我经常去做改造，有时候会去一个家庭里。
But anyway, I used to go and do makeovers and I'd sometimes go into a family.
如果他们负债，我做的第一件事就是把所有债务加起来，算出他们欠了多少，然后我们一起讨论。
And one of the first things I'd do if they were in debt is I would combine all the debt and I'd work out how much debt they were in and we'd discuss it.
他们的脸总是会垮下来，因为负债累累的人往往从来不敢把所有债务加起来，因为他们不敢面对。
And their faces would always drop because people are in a lot of debt tend never to have added it all up because they can't face it.
我总会对他们说：你们现在觉得自己比之前想象的还要糟糕，但实际上，你们的情况好多了，因为现在我们开始着手处理这个问题了。
And the phrase that I would always say is I'd say to them, you feel like you are in a much worse position than you thought you were before, but in reality, you are in a far better position because now we are on the path to starting to deal with this.
所以，虽然人们看到债务总额时会觉得像被扇了一巴掌，但我们在做这件事，我们在处理的过程中，而且我在场，这本身就是个好的开始。而且我经常会把他们推荐到其他地方去寻求支持，因为我们只拍一两天，没法像债务管理咨询公司那样长期跟进他们。
So even though it's like a slap in the face for people when they realize the total amount of debts, the fact that we were doing it, the fact that we were in process, the fact I was there and then often I would signpost them to support elsewhere because we were filming a day or two, we weren't there being able to have worked with them like a debt management counseling firm could do.
但对我来说，这就像是解决问题的开始，也是问题的终结。
But it was like, for me, is the beginning of solving it and the end of the problem.
你不应该把它看作问题的开始。
You shouldn't see it as the beginning of the problem.
问题本来就存在，只是你之前没看到而已。
The problem was there, it was just hidden from you.
所以我同意你的看法。
So I agree with you.
这周的最后一个问题要问凯伦。
And the final question this week goes to Karen.
我们只用信用卡来周转现金流。
We just use credit cards for cash flow.
我们所有的开销都通过信用卡支付，电视订阅费也走信用卡，这样就不会一直从银行账户里扣钱。
All our spending goes through them plus TV subscriptions go on the card rather than keep hitting the bank account.
每个月只付一次款，就能把信用卡还清。
Just one payment a month to fully clear the credit card.
完全正确。
Absolutely.
所以你是全额还款，如果你全额还款，那么信用卡可以非常好用，只要你设置好直接借记。
So you're paying off in full, and if you're paying off in full, then credit cards can be brilliant as long as you're setting up a direct debit.
确保你做到这一点。
You make sure you do it.
你永远不会错过还款，因为你既获得了第75条保护，我经常提到，如果你消费超过100英镑，还能获得返现。
You never miss the repayments because both you get section 75 protection that I talk about a lot if you spend something that costs over a £100, plus you get cash back.
顺便说一下，这周新推出了一张顶级返现信用卡。
And while I'm on, a new top cash back credit card has launched this week.
是美国运通每日返现卡。
It's American Express cash back every day.
它给你所有消费2%的返现，一年内最高10美元，超过部分1%，不过你需要最低消费3美元才能获得返现。
It gives you 2% cash back on all spending up to $10 for a year, 1% above, though you do need to spend a minimum $3 on it to get the cash back.
一年之后，消费满一万美元的部分返现是0.5%，超过一万美元的部分是1%。
After year one, it's half a percent spending up to $10 and 1 percent above.
如果你在过去两年内持有过美国运通卡，就不能申请这张卡。
You can't have had it if you had an American Express card in the last two years.
但如果你把日常消费都放在这张卡上，这也不是乱花钱的借口。
But if you did all of your normal spending on that, it's not an excuse to overspend.
而且一定要……
And make sure...
我来试试看。
I'm gonna give you a try.
西蒙，一定要还清。
Simon, make sure you pay it off.
全额还清。
In full.
哦，好吧，你变得有点性感了。
Oh, well, you went a bit sexier.
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