奠定财务自由的第一金钱习惯

是的。

Yes.

我就是这么想的，因为我现在是月光族。

That's what I'm thinking because I'm like, I'm I'm living paycheck to paycheck.

我也是月光族。

I'm living paycheck to paycheck.

我觉得被困住了，无法做我想做的事。

And I feel trapped, and I can't do the things I want to do.

那我为什么要把本就没有的12%拿出去呢？

So why would I take 12% that I don't have?

那我们来算一笔账。

So let's go through the math on this.

我们来算算这笔账。

Let's go through the math.

你之所以要先付给自己，原因就在这里。是的。

The whole reason you wanna pay yourself first Yes.

这样你就不用缴税了。

Is so you don't pay taxes.

所以几十年前，四十多年前，政府制定了税收法律，使这些401(k)计划可以抵税。

So what the government did decades ago, over forty years ago, was create tax laws that made these four zero one k plans deductible.

K。

K.

这就是为什么它被称为先支付自己。

So that means and this is why it's called pay yourself first.

这意味着当你把钱存入退休账户时，就可以避免缴税。

That means when you put money in a retirement account, it avoids paying taxes.

你绕过了国税局。

You you skip the IRS.

K？

K?

合法地。

Legally.

好的。

Okay.

等一下。

So hold on a second.

所以假设我一天赚了100美元。

So if I let's just say I make a $100 in a day.

我要拿出12美元存入

I'm gonna take $12 and put it in the

401

401

k。

k.

401k。

401 k.

你 basically 的意思是，根据法律，这12美元是从100美元中扣除的。

What you're basically saying is under the law, the $12 comes out of the 100.

不用缴税。

Not taxed.

不缴税，与你不取出时那100美元全部被征税的情况形成对比。

Not taxed versus what happens where if you don't take it out, the whole 100 is taxed.

另一件事是，你把钱存入退休账户。

So the other thing is what happens is you put it in your retirement account.

现在它免税增长，并且在你退休取出之前都保持免税。

Now it grows tax free, and it grows tax free until you take it out at retirement.

你随时可以提前取出。

Now you can always access it beforehand.

你不应该这么做，因为那样会产生税费和罚款。

You shouldn't because then there's taxes and penalties.

所以这是一种让你未来财富增长的工具。

So it is a vehicle to grow your future money.

这就是你在为未来存钱的时候。

This is this is when you're putting money aside for your future.

好的。

K.

这可不是为了买房。

This is not for your house.

这也不是为了应急。

This is not for emergencies.

这也不是为了实现梦想。

This is not for dreams.

这是为未来做准备。

This is the future.

如果你二十多岁，刚找到第一份工作。

If you're in your twenties, you get your first job.

我们现在有年轻人刚拿到第一份工作。

Like, we've got kids now getting their first job.

是的。

Yep.

我儿子杰克22岁了。

My son Jack's 22.

他即将从大学毕业。

He's gonna be graduating from college.

他即将找到第一份工作。

He's gonna have his first job.

如果我的孩子们从找到第一份工作起，每天节省收入的一小时，他们就再也不用为钱发愁了。

If my kids save an hour a day of their income from the moment they get their first job, they'll never have to worry about money again.

事情就是这么简单，因为每天节省一小时的收入，就能换来你的财务自由。

That's how simple it is because one hour a day of your income buys your financial freedom.

现在其实也有很多研究支持这一点，因为我们已经这么做了很久。

Now there's actually a lot of research on this now too because we've been doing this for so long.

富达拥有全球最大的401(k)计划之一。

So Fidelity has one of the largest four zero one k plans in the world.

截至本月，有565,000人在他们的401(k)计划中成为了百万富翁。

As of this month, 565,000 people who are millionaires inside their four zero one k plans.

这些百万富翁在他们的退休账户中平均拥有140万美元。

Those millionaires have, on average, $1,400,000 in their retirement account.

他们花了多长时间，存了多少钱？

How long did it take them and how much did they save?

他们掌握了所有数据。

They have all the data.

我现在就告诉你们。

I'm gonna give it to you right now.

平均需要26年，而那些在富达401(k)账户中拥有140万美元的人平均年龄为59岁，他们储蓄了税前收入的14%，略多于一小时。

It took an average of twenty six years, and the average person who has $1,400,000 inside these Fidelity four zero one ks plans is age 59, and they saved 14% of their gross income, a little over one hour.

差不多是一小时十分钟。

It's like one hour and ten minutes.

所以，如果你存下14%，再加上雇主通常提供的匹配缴款，

So if you put 14% away and then the employer, which most employers match on top of that

是的。

Yep.

这就是那些成为401(k)百万富翁的人所做的事情。

That's that's what these people did that became four zero one k millionaires.

他们在二十六年内成为了自动百万富翁。

They became automatic millionaires in twenty six years.

这些人都是普通人。

These men are ordinary people.

明白吗？

Okay?

他们是那些支出少于收入的普通人。

They're ordinary people who simply spent less than they made.

他们每花一美元，只花了90美分，实际上只花了86美分。

They spent 90¢ out of every dollar, and they actually spent 86¢ out of every dollar.

所以他们只是每美元省下14美分。

So they still they just saved 14¢ out of every dollar.

明白了。

Got it.

所以有一点肯定可以总结。

So one takeaway for sure.

如果你在一家有401(k)计划的公司工作，一定要参与，确保至少扣除12%，并且确认这笔钱确实被投资了。

If you work for a company where there's a four zero one k, pull it out, make sure you're taken out at least 12%, and make sure you know it's it's actually invested in something.

你应该把钱投到哪里？

What should you invest it in?

好的。

Okay.

我来明确告诉你该投资什么。

I'm gonna tell you exactly what you should invest in.

好的。

Okay.

我记下来。

Writing this down.

我会让这个变得非常简单。

I'm gonna make this super simple.

我知道我们在录像，

I know we're taping this,

但我没关系。

but I'm okay.

我会假装这是说给墙后所有年轻人听的。

Gonna pretend like this is for everybody that's in that behind this wall for all your young people here.

是的。

Yes.

好的。

K.

我敢拿我的生命打赌，你的富达计划里确实有。

So I am willing to bet my life on it that your Fidelity plan Yes.

里面有一种叫做目标日期共同基金的东西。

Has what's called a target dated mutual fund in it.

目标日期共同基金。

Target dated mutual fund.

好的。

Okay.

因为这现在是所有401(k)计划中的主流配置。

Because this is what's in the bulk of all four zero one k plans now.

所以在大多数401(k)计划中，你都有一个目标日期共同基金。

So in the bulk of four zero one k plans, you have a target dated mutual fund.

这种基金是一种资产配置型基金，由专业人员管理股票和债券的组合，并根据你退休的年龄进行动态再平衡。

And what that does is that is an an asset allocation fund that is professionally managed between stocks and bonds, and it is created to be rebalanced towards your age of retirement.

所以年轻时风险更高，年老时更保守？

So higher risk when you're younger and more conservative when you're older?

没错。

Exactly.

这是我给99%拥有401(k)计划的人的建议，因为这一切都为你打理好了。

That is the my recommendation for ninety nine percent of people who have four zero one k plans because it is done for you.

你不需要自己操心。

You don't need to think.

收益一直还不错，然后就别管它了。

The returns have been just fine, and then just leave it alone.

所以我们知道那些投资于401(k)计划并任其自然发展的普通人，最终往往实现了财务自由。

And so we know people who invest in their four zero one k plans and just leave it alone, they're the ones who end up being financially free.

我在这里给你讲的都是完整的退休规划课程。

The other thing we see I'm giving you like the full blown retirement planning lessons here.

并不是每个人都会在一家公司待上二十六年。

Not everybody stays at a job for twenty six years.

所以有些人会在这里有一个401(k)计划，然后离开这里去别处。

So some people are gonna have a four zero zero one k plan here, then they're gonna leave here and go somewhere else.

我不愿这么说，但确实会发生。

I hate to say it just happens.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yeah.

所以你绝对不该做的第一件事就是把钱取出来。

So what you shouldn't do, number one, is cash it out.

年轻人经常把401(k)计划里的钱取出来。

Now young people cash out four zero one k plans all the time.

为什么？

Why?

因为他们账户里的钱还不多。

Because they don't have a lot in it yet.

于是他们想，反正也就一万美元。

So they go, well, it's $10,000.

这钱也不算多。

It's not that much money.

对吧。

Right.

所以我想去旅行。

And so I wanna go on a trip.

他们把钱取出来了。

And they cash it out.

他们要缴税，还要付罚款。

They pay tax, and they pay penalties.

不仅仅是你把那1万美元取出来，还有一半因为税费和罚款没了。

It's not just that you took the $10,000 out and lost half of it to taxes and penalties.

你还失去了所有的复利收益。

You lost all the compound interest.

那1万美元在四十年后，光是本金就可能增值到5万到10万美元。

That $10,000 in forty years could easily be just the $10,000 alone could be worth 50 to $100.

有人离职了。

Somebody leaves.

他们去了别的地方。

They go somewhere else.

他们需要做的是所谓的转存。

What they need to do is what's called a rollover.

好的。

K.

所以有两种方式可以进行资金转存。

So there's two ways to roll money over.

他们可以回到富达，因为你说过你的计划是在富达，他们可以告诉富达：我要离开了，我想把钱转到IRA账户。

They can go back to Fidelity because that's where you told me your plan is, and they can tell Fidelity I'm leaving, and I wanna move it into an IRA account.

富达可以通过电话在五秒内完成这个操作。

And Fidelity can do that on the phone in five seconds.

basically，就是填一些表格。

Basically, you know, I fill out some paperwork.

他们会把钱转到IRA账户。

They'll move it into an IRA account.

你可以保持完全相同的投资。

You can have the exact same investment.

现在这笔钱在你的名下，属于IRA账户。

Now it's in your name, in an IRA account.

他们没有把钱留在这里。

They didn't leave it here.

好。

K.

这非常重要。

That's really important.

你不应该把钱留在旧的401(k)计划里。

You shouldn't leave money in old four zero one k plans.

或者他们找到新工作后，可以根据新公司的计划，将资金转入新的401(k)计划。

Or they'll get a new job, and they can roll it into, depending on the plan, the new four zero one k plan.

好。

K.

根据新计划的情况，这可能是一个很好的选择。

That can be a great way to go depending on the new plan.

然而，人们在转移这笔资金时常犯的错误是，资金转入新计划后被放成了现金。

The mistake that people make, however, when they roll this money over is that it rolls into a new plan and it gets put in cash.

所以这笔钱不会被投入基金。

And so that doesn't get put into a fund.

天啊。

Oh my gosh.

我知道。

I know.

所以这可能会让人们损失巨额资金。

So so that can cost people a fortune.

他们，你听到吗？

They I do you hear that?

有太多人了，我听到有人在说：分享，分享，分享，因为这种事情就是人们觉得你没做对。

There are so many I hear somebody going share, share, share because this is like one of those things where it's just like People don't think you're doing the right thing.

人们根本不知道。

People don't know.

这有时候真让我想哭，因为人们就是不知道。

It actually can make me cry sometimes because people just don't know.

所以我再告诉你另一件会发生的事。

So I'll give you another thing that happens.

有人在这里完全做对了，就在梅尔·罗宾斯这里。

Someone's doing everything right here at Mel Robbins.

他们听这个播客。

They listen to this podcast.

是的。

Yes.

他们注册了14%。

They signed up for 14%.

是的。

Yes.

他们听我说过不要只留在梅尔·罗宾斯，于是他们去了新公司。

They heard me say don't leave it at Mel Robbins, and they go to their new employer.

对。

Yep.

这笔钱会被转入他们的新计划，而新计划默认将你设置为3%的储蓄率。

It gets rolled into their new plan, and the new plan opts you in at 3%.

所以他们原本的储蓄率是14%。

So they were at 14% savings.

他们被默认设置为3%，却没去调整回来。

They got opted in at 3%, and they don't get in there and change it.

全球最大的基金公司之一先锋集团最近对此做了一项研究。

So Vanguard, one of the largest fund companies in world, just did a study on this.

先锋集团认为，仅这一项错误——你从一个计划转到另一个计划，原本的储蓄率是固定的，却被默认设置为更低的比率，且没有重新调高——就让普通人损失了高达30万美元的退休金。

Vanguard thinks that that single mistake alone, that one simple mistake, you switched from one plan to another, you were saving at a certain rate, you got opt in at a lower rate, you didn't bump it back up again, is costing the average person $300,000 in retirement.

什么？

What?

我居然完全不知道这件事。

And it's just you I didn't know this.

我简直想立刻中断采访，跑去查一下我的账户，确认自己有没有做对。

I I'm I'm literally wanna stop the interview and go run and pull up, like, my stuff and just make sure I'm doing the work.

你之后的4000美元就没了。

Your $4.00 k for it afterwards.

但这太惊人了。

But I I that's incredible.

我知道。

I know.

如果你做不到12%，嗯。

Now if you can't do the 12% Mhmm.

你还是应该尽量做你能做到的百分比。

You should still do whatever percentage you can.

还是你应该直接定12%，然后再看能不能下调？

Or should you just say, do the 12% and see if you can scale back?

好的。

Okay.

在理想情况下，我们干脆直接一步到位，定12%。

In an ideal world, let's just rip the band aid off and go do the 12%.

那确实是理想情况

That's that's the ideal

世界。

world.

因为发生的情况是，你已经和数百万人做过这个了

Because what happened you've done this with millions

了很多人。

of people.

当你果断行动、直接开始时，你第一个月就会明显感觉到。

When you rip the Band Aid off and you just go do it, you're gonna notice it honestly the first month.

第二个月，感觉会好一点。

Second month, a little bit less.

到了第三个月，你就察觉不到了。

And third month, you won't notice it.

所以到第三个月时，你会自己调整开支吗？

So by the third month, you will have adjusted your own spending?

已经适应了。

Adjusted.

而且让我告诉你，因为我以前总是到处说话。

And here's and let me give you an I because I used to speak all the time every all over the place.

我会对观众说，尤其是在这种经济环境下，让我问你们一个问题。

And I would say to an audience, especially when you're headed in an economy like this, let me ask you guys a question.

我们坦诚一点吧。

Let's be honest for a second.

如果我今天来办公室对你们说，真的很抱歉。

If I come into the office today and I say to you, I'm really sorry.

情况很艰难。

Things are tough.

我爱你们。

I I love you.

你们太棒了。

You're amazing.

我们重视你们。

You we value you.

你们是我们长期计划的一部分。

We you're a part of our plan long term.

目前，我们需要将你们的工资降低10%，但我们希望你们能留下。

And for right now, we need to cut your pay by 10%, but we want you to stay.

你们中有多少人会留下？

How many of you are staying?

大多数人会选择留下。

Most people are staying.

所以，当你在房间里提出这个问题，当人们诚实地面对自己时，大多数人还是会留下。

So, like, when you're a room and you ask that question and people are honest with themselves, most people will stay.

他们会接受这10%的工资削减。

They'll they'll take the 10% pay cut.

然后我会问：为什么你们能在工作中接受10%的工资削减，却无法给自己减掉10%的开支呢？

And then I go, why would you take the 10% pay cut at work, but you can't give yourself a 10% pay cut?

我根本不是在要求你接受10%的降薪。

I'm not even asking you to take the 10% pay cut.

我只是让你把这10%为自己存起来。

I'm just asking you to put the 10% away for yourself.

有趣的是，你说得对。

You know what's interesting about that is you're right.

你会接受这10%的降薪，因为你立刻意识到找新工作并赚到同样多的钱会更难，与其这样，不如直接接受降薪，或者你可能本来就喜欢这份工作之类的。

You would take the 10% because you immediately perceive that it would be harder to get a different job and make the money, and it'd be easier to just take the cut, or maybe you like the job or whatever and

你会调整。

you adjust.

那第二件事你会怎么做？

And what's the second thing you would do?

嗯，其实你刚已经说了。

You well, actually, you just said it.

你会调整。

You just adjust.

你会适应的。

You'd adjust.

是的。

Yes.

你会适应的。

You'd adjust.

然后你就习惯了，却没意识到我们其实可以做出决定，减少开支，把你说的那12%存下来，投资于我们自己的自由。

And then you get used But to the fact that you're paying we don't think about the fact that we could make a decision to adjust to living on less in order to take that money, that 12% you're talking about, and invest it in our own freedom.

我们是被动地适应。

We adjust reactively.

我们并不总是愿意主动调整。

We don't always wanna adjust proactively.

天哪。

Oh my gosh.

我从你这里学到的，大卫，是如果你曾经觉得扭转财务状况已经太晚了，其实并没有。

What I'm learning from you, David, is that if you ever thought it's too late to turn your finances around, it's not.

财务自由始于小事。

Financial freedom starts small.

一切都在于习惯。

It's all about the habits.

关键是系统。

It's about systems.

你知道我最喜欢什么吗？

And you know what I love?

我喜欢你解释的方式，因为它感觉可行且重要。

I love the way you explain it because it feels doable and important.

我知道你在听的时候也有这种感觉，别走开，因为大卫才刚刚进入状态。

And I know you're feeling that way too as you are listening, and don't go anywhere because David is just getting warmed up.

他有很多具体的工具、具体的策略，还会和你分享更多错误经验，帮你彻底掌控财务状况。

He has so many specific tools, specific tactics, more mistakes to share with you that are gonna help you get a handle on your finances once and for all.

我还会请你花一点时间，把这段内容分享给生活中那些需要摆脱债务、想要积累真正财富的人。

And I'm also gonna ask you to please take a moment to share this with the people in your life who need to get out of debt, who want to build real wealth.

我们马上回来，继续聆听大卫·巴赫的分享，请不要走开。

We'll be right back with more from David Bach when he return, so stay with me.

欢迎回来。

Welcome back.

我是你的朋友梅尔·罗宾斯。

It's your buddy Mel Robbins.

今天，你和我将跟随大卫·巴赫学习如何摆脱债务、建立真正财富的精华课程。

And today, you and I are getting a master class in getting out of debt and building real wealth with none other than David Bach.

他是全球顶尖的金融专家之一。

He's one of the world's top financial experts.

他撰写了十本《纽约时报》畅销书。

He's written 10 New York Times bestsellers.

今天，大卫带来了所有你需要的工具和要点，帮助你从为财务焦虑不安，转变为真正掌控局面。

And today, David is here with all the tools and takeaways you need to go from feeling stressed about your finances to taking control.

好了，大卫，我们继续吧。

All right, David, let's just jump back in.

我在想，我们的一个孩子，我们的女儿，她是个歌手兼词曲作者，同时还要做很多其他兼职，比如当服务员、接演出、做保姆或零售工作，只要是能赚钱的她都做。

I'm thinking about, one of our kids, our daughter, who's a singer songwriter, and she works a bunch of other side jobs, you know, whether it's waitressing or picking up gigs or babysitting or retail, anything she can to make money.

对于那些不在有401(k)计划的公司工作的人，他们该怎么办呢？

What does somebody in that situation do if they don't work somewhere with a four zero one k?

你正在自动存多少钱？

What are you making automatic?

所以，实际上，最大的问题是，那些没有401(k)计划的人没有自动化的退休账户。

So so, actually, the single biggest problem is we don't have automatic retirement accounts for people who don't have four zero one k plans.

哦。

Oh.

不过，她可以让这件事变得自动化。

However, she can make it automatic.

她只需要付出一点努力就行了。

She just she just has to do the work.

对吧？

Right?

那她该怎么做呢？

So what does she do?

她可以去像书中提到的富达、嘉信理财、先锋集团这样的公司。

She can go to, like in the book, Fidelity, Schwab, Vanguard.

我只是在这里列举一些公司。

I'm just listing firms here.

是的。

Yeah.

Coinbase、Robinhood、Acorns。

Coinbase, Robinhood, Acorns.

她需要选择一家公司。

She needs to pick a firm.

对。

Yep.

就她的情况而言，我不知道她赚多少钱，但她可以先开一个IRA账户。

In her case, I don't know how much money she's making, but she could start with an IRA account.

好的。

Okay.

所以她可以开一个罗斯IRA账户。

So she could do a Roth IRA.

罗斯IRA是用税后资金投入的。

So Roth IRAs are after tax money.

好的。

Okay.

好处是资金增长免税，取出时也免税。

The advantages of money grows tax free, and it comes out tax free.

对于年轻人来说，如果她今年打算投资，额度是7500美元，对。

For young people, if she's gonna say that this year, it's gonna be $7,500 Yep.

我会建议她开一个罗斯IRA账户。

I would tell her to do a Roth IRA.

好的。

K.

如果她需要税收减免，以她的年龄并不需要这个税收减免。

If she needs a tax deduction, she doesn't need the tax deduction in her age.

不。

No.

所以她应该选择罗斯IRA。

So so so she should do a Roth IRA.

好的。

K.

所以我想说对于

So I So for

对于做零售工作、月光族、最低工资的人来说，仍然可以开设罗斯IRA。

somebody that's working a retail job, they're paycheck to paycheck, they're, like, minimum wage, you can still do a Roth IRA.

每个人都可以开设罗斯IRA。

Everyone can do a Roth IRA.

好的。

Okay.

你只需要上网点击几个按钮就能开通。

And all you gotta do is go online and click some buttons and open it.

好的。

Okay.

然后你可以让钱从你的工资中自动扣除。

And then you can have money taken out of your paycheck.

嗯，不是从你的工资。

Well, not your paycheck.

你可以让钱从你的支票账户中扣除，好的。

You can have money taken out of your checking account K.

你发工资的时候。

When you get paid.

所以回到自动化的部分。

So going back to making automatic.

当你在工作时赚到钱，如今大多数情况下，他们其实希望你自动入账。

When you make money at a job, that paycheck today, most cases, they actually wanna deposit it automatically.

是的。

Yes.

他们不想给你支票。

They don't wanna give you a check.

对。

Correct.

发支票的整个方式正在消失。

And the whole day of giving you checks is going away.

所以，在零售行业工作时，当钱存入账户，很多零售工作实际上都有401(k)计划。

So when the money is deposited on a retail job see, a lot of retail jobs actually all have four zero one k plans.

人们不使用这些计划，因为他们觉得自己不会长期待在这里。

People just don't use them because they, like, they think to themselves, I'm not staying here.

这也是个错误，因为人们在零售岗位上会待两三年、四五年，却一点都没存下钱。

That's a mistake too because people stay in retail jobs two, three, four, five years, and they haven't saved anything.

但如果她不打算使用当前零售工作提供的计划，而选择开设一个罗斯IRA账户，她可以设置在工资入账后的第二天自动从她的支票账户扣款。

But if she's not gonna use a plan at a retail job that she has and she opens up a Roth IRA, she sets up the account to debit her checking account the day after her account is deposited.

她知道自己的工资什么时候到账。

She knows when her check's being deposited.

对吧？

Right?

所以，对于每月1号和15号到账的工资，Roth IRA账户可以自动从她的支票账户中扣除一定金额，比如50美元、100美元或200美元，转入IRA账户。

So, like, for checks deposited on the first and the fifteenth, the Roth IRA, the account can pull the money, whatever it is, $50, a $100, $200, out of her checking account and move it into the IRA account.

所有这些都可以在同一个地方完成。

And it can all be done in the same place.

就应该在同一个地方办理。

It should be done in the same place.

这样会让你的生活更轻松。

It makes your life easier.

明白了。

Got it.

这就是退休账户。

So that's the retirement account.

好的。

Okay.

好的？

Okay?

现在她应该去处理安全账户了，因为她还有一件事应该做。

Now she would get to the security account because there's a second thing she should do.

好的。

Okay.

每个人都应该这么做。

And everyone should do this.

这是自动的，每个人都应该这么做。

This is the automatic Everyone should do this.

她需要开始建立一个安全账户，也就是应急账户。

She needs to start building a security account, an emergency account.

应急账户就是存钱以应对突发情况。

An emergency account is how is setting aside money for an emergency.

这不是为了旅行。

It's not for a trip.

这不是为了考虑人们用应急资金做的其他上万件事。

It's not for think of 10,000 other things that people use emergency money for.

我要重新装修我的房子。

Gonna redo my house.

我要重新打理我的院子。

I'm gonna redo the yard.

不。

No.

这是为了应对紧急情况。

It's for an emergency.

所以这笔钱会被转入一个独立的账户。

So the money gets moved into a separate account.

好的。

K.

嗯？

K?

这个账户应该放在货币市场基金里。

That account should be in a money market.

好。

K.

原因是它需要保持流动性。

The reason is it should be liquid.

好。

K.

好。

K.

所以目前货币市场账户的收益率大约是4%。

So a money market account right now at this moment is paying about 4%.

回报不算高，但很安全。

It's not a big return, but it's safe.

它是流动的。

It's liquid.

所以我现在在给富达免费做宣传，但我们就用一家真正的券商吧。

So I'm giving Fidelity a bunch of free press here, but let's just use a real brokerage firm.

好的。

Okay.

好的。

Okay.

她把钱存到富达。

She's she deposits her money at Fidelity.

是的。

Yep.

这笔钱实际上进入了富达的支票账户。

And that money actually goes into a Fidelity checking account.

好的。

K.

在她那个富达账户里，她有一个罗斯IRA。

Now in that Fidelity account that she has, she has a Roth IRA.

明白了。

Got

嗯。

it.

所以钱已经转入了罗斯IRA。

So the money's moved to the Roth IRA.

是的。

Yep.

她还有一个单独的货币市场账户，那是

And she has a separate money market Which is

你的应急账户。

your emergency account.

那就是应急账户。

Which is the emergency account.

好的。

Okay.

行吗？

K?

如果我们想要更复杂一点，那么第三件事是她有一个梦想账户。

Now if we're gonna get super sophisticated, then the third thing is you have a dream account.

梦想账户是用来存她从现在到退休和应对紧急情况之间想做的所有事情的钱。

And the dream account is for all the things that she's gonna wanna do between now and retirement and emergencies.

所以也许她的梦想是今年年底去墨西哥。

And so maybe her dream is to go to Mexico at the end of the year.

太好了。

Great.

她每次发工资都会在梦想账户里存一笔钱，用来支付这笔开销。

She puts money aside every paycheck in the dream account to pay for that.

明白了。

Got it.

所以如果我把14%的收入用于退休储蓄，其中12%到14%是给退休的，那我在货币市场和梦想账户里分别投多少呢？

So if I'm doing 14%, 12% to 14% in the retirement, what am I doing in the money market, and what am I doing in the dream account?

这取决于你有多认真。

So it depends on how serious you are.

是的。

Yep.

但我建议人们把3%到5%的资金存入应急账户。

But I would tell people to be putting 3% to 5% in the emergency account.

好的。

Okay.

然后你可以根据自己的意愿决定往梦想账户里存多少。

And then I would choose how much you wanna put in the dream account.

好的。

Okay.

最快实现梦想的方式就是为它存钱。

The fastest way to get the dreams done is you fund for it.

实现梦想的方式就是为它们投资。

The way dreams come true is you fund for them.

我知道人们会想，天哪。

So I know people are like, oh my god.

他谈的这笔钱也太多了吧。

This is so much money he's talking about.

所以对于那些我之前跳过的人，

So for people who don't because I skipped over this.

对于那些觉得自己不可能从零做到14%的人，是的。

For people who don't believe they can go from zero to 14% Yep.

我说过，有些人就是死活不肯改变。

And I said, you know, some people are just like their heels are dug in.

或者他们害怕，或者他们受父权思想影响。

Or they're scared or they're patriarchal.

或者

Or

存1%。

Put 1%.

1%。

1%.

就做一点，为什么只做一次呢？当你已经……因为你是

Just do some why do just one per like, what benefit does that have when you're already, like Because you're

因为你已经注册了。

signed because you're signed up.

你会意识到，如果你只做1%，根本感觉不到变化。

And what you'll realize is if you do 1%, you won't notice it.

几个月后，你就可以提高到2%。

And then a couple months later, you can go to two percent.

再过几个月，你就可以提高到3%。

And then a couple months later, you can go to 3%.

如果你直接从1%开始，真相是这样的。

If you just went from one here's the truth.

你可以在一年内做到这一点。

You can do this in a year.

一月做1%，二月做1%，就坚持每年做1%。

You go 1% January, 1% in February, just do 1% a year.

你根本不会注意到你的开支变化了1%。

You'll never notice your expenses changing by 1%.

如果你每个月都这么做，你会注意到总共增加了12%。

You're And if you did it every month, you'll notice be by 12%

你也不会注意到你的收入变化了1%。

by You the won't notice your income changing by 1%.

根本不可能察觉到。

There's just no way.

首先，这甚至都不到1%。

First of all, it's not even 1%.

实际上每美元大概只有75美分，对吧。

It's more like 75¢, right, for every dollar.

这根本不是整整一个百分点，因为你没有缴税。

It's like it's not a whole full percent because you're not paying taxes.

所以，如果你一年只存1%，到年底你就会存到12%。

So that 1%, if you just did 1% a year for a year at the end of the year, you'd be at 12%.

你会存下平均有退休账户的美国人储蓄金额的四倍。

You'd be saving four times what the average American who has a retirement account saves.

这感觉真的很容易做到。

That feels so doable.

这完全可以做到。

It's doable.

梅尔，是这样的。

Mel, here's the thing.

我们怎么知道这真的可行呢？

How do we know it's doable?

目前退休账户里已经有44万亿美元了。

There's $44,000,000,000,000 now in retirement accounts.

让这个信息沉淀一下。

Let that settle for a second.

这里有四万亿，这仅仅是美国的数据。

There's four this is just in The US.

退休账户中总共有44万亿美元。

There's $44,000,000,000,000 in retirement accounts.

包括个人退休账户、401(k)计划，以及其他各种退休账户。

IRAs, four zero one k plans, all these different retirement accounts.

这一切都发生在过去三四十年，但大部分是在最近二十年内发生的。

This has all happened in the last thirty, forty years, but the most of it's happened in last twenty years.

你该怎么做？我忘了问你。

What should you I forgot to ask you.

你应该把梦想账户投资到哪里？

What should you invest the dream account in?

那是货币市场账户吗？

Is that a money market account?

你的梦想是一年后实现吗？

Is your dream a year?

你的梦想是两年内实现吗？

Is your dream in two years?

你的梦想是三年内实现吗？

Is your dream in three years?

你的梦想是五年内实现吗？

Is your dream in five years?

比如，如果你的梦想是买房，就像你花了十年才还清债务一样，大多数人不可能突然间就买得起房子。

Like, if your dream is to buy a house, just like it took you ten years to get out of debt, most people can't just turn around and buy a house.

所以，如果你说，我今年22岁。

So if you're like, look, I'm 22 years old.

我确实希望有朝一日能买一套房子。

I really someday do want to buy a house.

我们会聊聊租房和买房的区别。

We'll talk about the difference between renting and owning.

这可能需要你五年时间。

It might take you five years.

所以你的时间越长，就可以越激进一些。

So the longer you have, the more aggressive you can be.

所以如果你告诉我，你一年或两年内就需要用这笔钱，我会建议你把钱放在货币市场基金里。

So if you're telling me you need the money in a year or two, I'm going to have you put in a money market account.

如果你告诉我，你的这个梦想五年内都不会实现，我会建议你把它放在平衡型共同基金里。

If you tell me you don't you're not gonna have this dream come true for five years, I'm gonna have you put it in a balanced mutual fund.

这是一种由60%股票和40%债券组成的共同基金。

That's a that's a mutual fund that's 60% stock and 40% bond.

好的。

Okay.

而且我这里已经算是保守了。

If and that I'm being conservative here.

对吧？

Right?

所以如果你告诉我，七年以后才用钱，我会建议你全部投资股票。

So if you'd say to me it's seven years out, I'm gonna have you invest probably all stocks.

说到股票，你应该去挑选个股吗？

Now speaking of stocks, should you try to pick individual stocks?

绝对不要。

Absolutely freaking not.

真的吗？

Really?

当然了。

Absolutely.

尽管我七岁时在麦当劳买了第一只股票，九岁时又买了迪士尼的第二只股票。

Even even though I started by buying my first stock at McDonald's at age seven, and I bought my second stock at nine in Disney.

好吧。

And okay.

所以我会说得前后矛盾。

So I'm gonna talk out of both sides of my mouth.

我学会投资是因为祖母帮我买了第一只股票，是的。

I learned how to invest because my grandmother helped me buy my first stock Yep.

在七岁时买的麦当劳股票。

In McDonald's at age seven.

好吧。

K.

在麦当劳，她对我说，你知道，世界上有三种人。

At McDonald's, she said to me, you know, there's three types of people in the world.

世界就是这样运作的。

This is how the world works.

有一种人像你一样，走进麦当劳花钱消费。

There's people like you who come in McDonald's and you spend money.

你被称为消费者。

You're called a consumer.

她说，还有一种人在这里工作。

She goes, there's people who work here.

他们是员工。

They're employees.

他们拿最低工资。

They make minimum wage.

在美国，这样的人很多。

That's a lot of people in America.

靠这个谋生很难。

It's a tough way to make a living.

然后她说，还有老板。

And then she said, and then there's owners.

老板拥有这个地方。

And the owners own this place.

今天我要教你如何购买麦当劳的股票，这样当你来这里时，你就是老板了。

And I'm gonna teach you today how to buy stock in McDonald's so that when you come here, you're an owner.

她带我回家，拿出《华尔街日报》，圈出了MCD——这是麦当劳的股票代码，即使在那时也是如此。

And she took me home and she took out The Wall Street Journal and she circled MCD, which is a ticker, even back then, from McDonald's.

她让我坐在电视前，就是那种底部滚动股票行情的电视屏幕。

She sat me in front of a TV screen the you know, the TV screen where the tickers go across the bottom.

有趣的是，大多数人甚至不知道那是什么。

Funny thing is most people don't even know what those are.

那些是股票代码。

Those are stock symbols.

她对我说，当你看到MCD时，我要你喊出价格并记下来。

And she's like, when you see MCD, I want you to call out the price and write it down.

然后你再回来这里，我们来看看价格是多少，再翻看报纸。

And then you're gonna come back here, and we're gonna look at what prices is, and we're gonna look in the newspaper.

明天，我们就要去经纪公司。

And then tomorrow, we're gonna go down to the brokerage firm.

我们会帮你买一股麦当劳的股票，这样你就拥有了这家餐厅的一部分。

We're gonna buy you one share of McDonald's, and you're gonna own a piece of this restaurant.

你现在就进入了美国的投资体系。

And you'll now be in the American system of investing.

我当时七岁。

I was seven years old.

九岁时，我和她一起去了迪士尼乐园。

At nine years old, I'm with her at Disneyland.

我当时说，你能买下这个地方吗？

I'm like, can you buy this place?

她回答，当然可以。

She's like, yeah.

所以她在我很小的时候就教会我以投资者的思维思考。

So she so she taught me at a young age to think like an investor.

现在我也对我的孩子们做了同样的事。

Now I have done the same thing with my kids.

K。

K.

我的孩子们并不拥有麦当劳。

My kids don't own McDonald's.

他们拥有像Shake Shack这样的公司。

They own things like Shake Shack.

对吧？

Right?

这是一只很棒的股票。

It's been a great stock.

但他们拥有的是自己感兴趣的东西。

But they own things that they're interested in.

他们拥有亚马逊。

They own Amazon.

他们拥有Meta。

They own Meta.

他们持有一些个股。

They got a handful of individual stocks.

然而，我的孩子们也知道我不希望他们持有个股。

However, my kids also know I don't want them owning individual stocks.

我希望他们投资指数基金。

I want them owning index funds.

所以他们有一些个股，但他们也有一个投资组合。

So they got a few individual stocks, but they have a portfolio.

我只是给你看看我平时是怎么做的。

I'm just giving you, like, behind the scenes of my go.

家庭。

Family.

是的。

Yeah.

这正是每个父母都想了解的。

This is exactly what every parent wants to know.

你平时是怎么做的

What are you doing

我的孩子和我的投资组合几乎完全一样。

with I your have my kids in portfolios almost are identical to mine.

所以我为他们设立了小型投资组合，但我让我的财务顾问为他们构建了和我一样的投资组合，只是因为她们更年轻，所以稍微激进一点。

So I have them they're small portfolios, but I have my financial adviser built the same portfolio that I have, a little bit more aggressive because they're younger.

我会让他们持有这些ETF指数基金，因为这是最好的投资方式。

And I will have them in these portfolios of ETFs, exchange traded mutual funds, because that's the best way to invest.

这就是分散投资。

That's that's diversification.

不费时间、成本低、税务高效，而且你不会搞砸。

Doesn't take time, low cost, tax efficient, and you won't screw it up.

每个人都想知道你投资的是哪只基金。

Everyone wants to know what fund are you in.

让我告诉你一只基金。

Let me give you one fund.

告诉我。

Tell me.

因为我确实列出了所有这些基金。

Because I've got all I literally have all these funds listed

在这里。

in here.

好的。

Alright.

你在第几页？

What page are you on?

但我现在在第135页。

But I'm on page one thirty five.

所以有一只先锋基金。

So there's a fund by Vanguard.

是的。

Yep.

好的。

Okay.

这只基金叫做先锋

This fund is called the Vanguard

我就在这一只。

I'm in that one.

总股票市场。

Total stock market.

是的。

Yeah.

我知道我投资了

I know I'm invested in

就是这一只。

that one.

如果你还没投资这只基金，它的ETF代码是VTI。

Of you who aren't invested in this, the symbol is VTI if you buy the ETF.

这只基金包含了3600只股票。

This fund has 3,600 stocks in it.

也就是说，你基本上拥有3600家公司的股份。

Meaning, you're basically an owner in 3,600 companies.

你成为了美国的股东。

You're an owner of America.

好的。

Okay.

所以，如果一个人不知道该从哪里开始，这就成了一个起点。

So so so that starts like, if a person's like, I don't know what to start with.

比如，你带你女儿这么做。

Like, you took your daughter.

直接把钱存入罗斯IRA账户和VTI基金。

Just stick the money in the Roth IRA and the VTI fund.

好的。

Okay.

她就都涵盖了。

She's covered.

3500只股票。

3,500 stocks.

所以我在这里列出了所有不同的指数基金。

So I list all the different index funds in here.

从指数基金开始。

Start with an index fund.

这会让您的生活更轻松。

It just makes your life easy.

而且，我还想说一点。

And, also, I wanna say something.

这对年轻人来说非常重要。

This is really important for young people.

年轻人最大的误区是，认为年轻时应该用钱冒险，追求激进投资。

The greatest myth for young people is that that's the time to be aggressive with your money and take risk.

让我解释一下。

Let me explain that.

等等。

Wait.