609. 纳尔逊：风暴的酝酿（下篇）

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本期节目由

This episode is brought to

Hive赞助播出。历史充满变革，罗马从共和转向帝国，都铎王朝将修道院改建成乡间别墅。而你知道吗？

you by Hive. You know, history is full of transformations. The Romans shifted from republic to empire. The Tudors transformed monasteries into country houses. And do you know what?

Hive自身也完成了一次蜕变。人们熟知的智能温控器品牌，如今已进化为更宏大的存在。

Hive has had one of its own. Everybody knows Hive for smart thermostats, but now they've evolved into something much greater.

太阳能板助您用清洁能源供电，热泵从稀薄空气中汲取温暖，电动汽车充电器在您安睡时完成充电——全部通过一个应用管理。这一切旨在赋予人们变革家居的力量：从浪费到高效，从依赖到掌控，从消耗到贡献。

Solar panels that help you to power your home with clean energy. Heat pumps that pull warmth from thin air. EV chargers that charge your car while you're asleep. All managed through a single app. This is all about giving people the power to transform their homes from waste to efficiency, from dependence to control, from consumption to contribution.

因此历史下一场伟大变革或许不在议会或宫殿，而在您家中。一场没有断头台的静默革命。Hive，

So history's next great transformation may not be happening in parliaments or palaces. It may be happening in your home. A quiet revolution minus guillotines. Hive,

掌控你的能量。访问hivehome.com了解更多。需经评估及符合适用条件。Hive应用兼容指定热泵型号。

Know your power. Visit hivehome.com to find out more. Subject to survey and suitability. Hive app compatible with selected heat pumps.

当纳尔逊的马车停在伦敦市中心一条最优雅街道上的内罗特酒店外时，人行道上挤满了祝福的人群。海军纪事报道称，他身着全套制服，胸前佩戴三颗星徽和两枚金质勋章，人群不断欢呼迎接，他则以低身鞠躬回应。他看起来气色极佳，但身形十分消瘦。酒店大堂里，范妮和埃德蒙正紧张地绞着双手等待。当看到他时，他们脸上瞬间闪过宽慰与喜悦。

When Nelson's carriage drew up outside Nerrot's hotel in one of Central London's most elegant streets, the pavement was packed with well wishers. He was dressed in full uniform with three stars on his breast and two gold medals, reported the naval chronicle, and was welcomed by repeated huzzahs from the crowd, which he returned with a low bow. He looked extremely well, but in person very thin. In the hotel lobby, Fanny and Edmund were waiting, nervously wringing their hands. When they saw him, relief and joy flashed across their faces.

随后又有两个身影跟在他身后进来。一个长脸鹰钩鼻的年长男子，以及一位栗色秀发如瀑、衣裙几乎撑破的年轻女子。虽然范妮试图微笑，但仿佛有人突然掐灭了所有光亮。这段文字当然出自我们今天上市的平装本《时空冒险：海上英雄纳尔逊》，作者正是多米尼克·桑德布鲁克。它让你感受到这本书令人难以置信的风格跨度。

Then two more figures came in behind him. An older man, long faced and beaky nosed, and a younger woman with an enormous mass of chestnut hair and almost bursting out of her dress. And although Fanny tried to smile, it was as if somebody had snuffed out all the lights. So that, of course, is from Adventures in Time, Nelson, the Hero of the Seas by our very own Dominic Sandbrook out in paperback today. And it gives you a sense of the incredible stylistic range of this book.

在前作中，我们领略过生动而极具独创性的旅行文学。'那不勒斯是座充满反差的城市'。而眼前这一幕，我们突然置身于某种——好吧，某些评论家可能称之为情节剧的氛围，更宽容的读者或许会说让人想起简·奥斯汀。场景发生在1800年8月11日。纳尔逊已与妻子范妮和身为牧师的父亲埃德蒙·纳尔逊分离两年有余。

In the previous one, we had some vivid and highly original travel writing. Naples is a city of contrasts. And now with this scene, we are launched into something redolent of, well, of of kind of some sites might say melodrama, others more kindly might say reminiscent of Jane Austen perhaps. So the scene, it's on the 11/08/1800. Nelson has been away for more than two years from his wife, Fanny, and his father, the vicar, Edmund Nelson.

他们惊恐地意识到，他竟带着情妇艾玛·汉密尔顿来赴约——艾玛已怀有纳尔逊的孩子，因此多米尼克用'衣裙几乎撑破'这般外交辞令描述她，还有她年迈的丈夫威廉爵士。这要么是最拙劣的情节剧，要么让人联想到《曼斯菲尔德庄园》。见仁见智。但这戏剧张力十足，不是吗，多米尼克？

And they realize, to their horror, that he has brought with him to their meeting his mistress, Emma Hamilton, who is pregnant by Nelson, so hence Dominic's very diplomatic description of her bursting out of her dress, and her husband, sir William, her elderly husband, sir William. And, you know, this is either the rankest melodrama or reminiscent of Mansfield Park. Take your pick. But it's high, high drama, isn't it, Dominic?

确实如此，汤姆。本集后续我们会讲到更多肥皂剧式的荒唐情节。不过或许首先该回顾下当前进展。这是纳尔逊自1798年4月以来首次重返英格兰。听众们记得他曾追击拿破仑舰队穿越地中海，在尼罗河战役中歼灭敌军，随后北上那不勒斯，深陷两西西里王国的毒沼政治。

It is indeed, Tom. We should be getting to more soap opera style shenanigans later in this episode. But maybe first, we should remind ourselves where we've got to. So this is the first time Nelson has been in England since April 1798. Listeners will recall that he chased Napoleon's fleet across the Mediterranean, destroyed them at the Battle of the Nile, then went north to Naples and was embroiled in the poisonous politics of the Kingdom Of The 2 Sicilies.

在那里他有些失态。我们都认同是因为枪决事件。对，他枪决了承诺不处决的俘虏。差不多同时，他开始与英国驻那不勒斯公使的妻子艾玛·汉密尔顿有染——就是我们先前见过的那位。

And there, he slightly let himself down. I think we agreed by Shooting. Yeah. Shooting prisoners that he said he wouldn't shoot. And then he started or about the same time, he started an affair with the wife of the British minister in Naples, Emma Hamilton, who we met earlier on.

那么我们从1799年继续？好的。这个在那不勒斯建立的帕特诺珀共和国已被镇压。发过誓的斐迪南国王和玛丽亚·卡罗莱纳王后——你把后者配音成比尔·赛克斯——他们重登王座。

So shall we pick up the story in the 1799? Let's. So this republic that was set up in Naples, the Parthenopian Republic, has been crushed. King Ferdinand, an oath, Queen Maria Carolina, you ventriloquized her as Bill Sykes. They are back on their thrones.

纳尔逊目前是地中海地区的临时总司令，但他只是暂代此职，等待选角机构最青睐的苏格兰人——基思勋爵结束休假归来。他绝非那种会对前妓女摆姿态的行为持宽容态度的人。确实如此。因此，海军部的首要任务确实是夺回马耳他——那里驻扎着法国守军，因为拿破仑当年远征埃及时顺道占领了该岛。历史学家们对此观点存在分歧。

Nelson is the temporary commander in chief in the Mediterranean, but he's keeping the seat warm until, casting agency's favorite Scotsman, admiral lord Keith, returns from leave. He is very much not a man who would look favorably on a former prostitute doing attitudes. Correct. So the priority really is the admiralty want to retake Malta, where there is a French garrison because, of course, Napoleon took Malta on his way to Egypt. And historians disagree about this.

事实上，就连与纳尔逊同时代的人对此也意见不一。究竟纳尔逊是否真心想收复马耳他，还是他心有旁骛——这个问题我们稍后肯定会讨论到。他没有坐镇那不勒斯，而是回到了巴勒莫，与汉密尔顿夫妇同住。当时就有批评声音指出，他或许已玩忽职守，宁愿在巴勒莫与艾玛耳鬓厮磨，也不愿出兵攻打那不勒斯。不过汤姆，你觉得这种批评是否过于严苛了？

And indeed, Nelson's own contemporaries disagreed about it. Whether Nelson's heart was really in retaking Malta or whether he was distracted, I'm sure we will come to this later on. He has based himself not in Naples, but back in Palermo, where he is joined with the Hamiltons. And again, there are criticisms at the time, aren't there, that he has perhaps lost sight of his duty and that he has preferred he prefers to moon around with Emma in Palermo than going off and attacking Naples. But, Tom, you think that's a little bit harsh?

确实如此。因为这种论调将纳尔逊比作在亚历山大城温柔乡里与克里奥帕特拉纵情享乐的安东尼。人们反复不断地进行这种类比。但关键在于，从巴勒莫这个据点来履行纳尔逊作为地中海代理总司令的职责——主要是监视危如累卵的那不勒斯王国，并尽可能将法军逐出意大利——完全合情合理。其次，他还需要维持和协调对马耳他的封锁，因为夺取马耳他将为英国带来绝对的战略性海军优势。

I do. Because the pitch is that Nelson is Antony frolicking with Cleopatra in the flesh pots of Alexandria. That's the parallel that people endlessly, endlessly draw. But the thing is Palermo is not at all a mad base from which to prosecute what Nelson as acting commander in chief in the Mediterranean sees as his responsibilities, which are chiefly to keep an eye on the endangered, kingdom of Naples and if possible, to roll the French backwards up through Italy. And secondly, to maintain and coordinate the blockade of Malta because the fall of Malta will give Britain an absolute strategic naval prize.

尽管英国承担了部分封锁经费，但另一位关键出资人是费迪南德。他之所以愿意出资，是因为他自认为最终能掌控马耳他。当然他能否如愿，我们拭目以待。我认为很多人并不理解纳尔逊当时面临的复杂局势，以及他手中掌握的千头万绪。所以他们武断地认为，他留在巴勒莫的唯一理由就是——

And the thing is that although Britain is funding some of the blockade, the other key person who is contributing towards this blockade is Ferdinand. And the reason he's doing that is because he's he basically thinks that he's going to end up with Malta. I mean, whether whether he does, we will see. But I think that there are lots of people who don't understand what Nelson is facing at this time, the threads that he's holding in his hand. And so they assume, well, the only reason he could possibly have for lying in in Palermo is because he's

用'耳鬓厮磨'这个词很贴切。没错，这两者完全可以同时成立。因为选择驻守巴勒莫确有正当理由，但同时不可否认也存在大量缠绵悱恻之事。就连最崇拜纳尔逊的传记作家约翰·苏格登也写道：巴勒莫宫廷充斥着令人作呕的自吹自擂、谄媚逢迎与尔虞我诈，他将帕拉戈尼亚宫比作'如甜美罪恶般致命诱惑的醉人温床'。

Canoodling is the word. Yes. Both of those things can be true at once, can't they? Because it's possible that the word good grounds to be in Palermo, and yet at the same time, there's undoubtedly an awful lot of canoodling. Even Nelson's, probably one of his most admiring biographers, John Sugden, has this stuff he describes as a repugnant cell of self congratulation, flattery, and manipulation in the court in Palermo, and he talks about the sort of the intoxicating sultriness about the Palazzo Palagonia fatally attractive like a delicious sin.

这些描述很大程度上可视为艺术渲染，且更多是针对宫廷而非纳尔逊本人。但当时确实有同僚认为他沉溺于诱惑之中——这是他整个军旅生涯中唯一遭此非议的时期。对吧？其他时候从未有人这样指责他。人们认为他屈服于异域风情的感官诱惑，诸如此类。

Now, a lot of this, you could say, is artistic projection, and a lot of this is describing the court rather than Nelson himself. But there is sense at the time among some of Nelson's comrades that he has succumbed to the allure for and this is the only time in his career when people make that claim. Right? They never make it any other point. That he succumbed to the allure of the exoticism and the sensuality and all

这种论调其实由来已久。当时就有人这么评价，随后贯穿十九至二十世纪的纳尔逊传记——这些传记多由古板的海军人士撰写——都延续了这种观点。我认为这些作者本质上就看不惯意大利人和歌舞演员。

of this. I think that this is a tradition that goes back. Obviously people are saying this at the time. It feeds into biographies of Nelson throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century who were generally written by kind of bluff naval types. And I just don't think that they approve of of Italians, of showgirls.

我认为人们有种奇怪的执念，总觉得纳尔逊的所有行为都是因为：a.他被艾玛·汉密尔顿诱惑了，b.他沉溺于意大利的享乐生活——巴勒莫或那不勒斯任选其一。这两点常被混为一谈。毫无疑问他确实有这段婚外情，但现阶段可能还仅限于卿卿我我。不过同样值得注意的是，这段风流韵事并未影响他始终保持高效、干练和充满活力的状态。

I think there's a kind of weird obsession with the idea that everything Nelson is doing is because he's been seduced by a, Emma Hamilton, and b, the flesh pots of Italy, Palermo, Naples, take your pick. And the two get elided. You know, I think undoubtedly he is having this affair, probably hasn't gone beyond the canoodling stage by this point. But I think equally it does, you know, he can have this affair, but it doesn't stop him from being as effective and efficient and dynamic as he has ever been.

然而早就有访客——甚至本该同情他的人——开始抱怨情况不对劲。我举几个例子：埃尔金勋爵夫妇途经巴勒莫前往君士坦丁堡时，埃尔金夫人在信中描述了纳尔逊、汉密尔顿夫妇与王室的关系。

And yet there are there are complaints from very early on from people who have gone to visit him, people who might be expected to be sympathetic to him, who feel that something has gone wrong. I'll just give you a couple of examples. So one of them is Lord and Lady Elgin. Lord and Lady Elgin are going through Palermo on their way to Constantinople. Lady Elgin writes of Nelson and the Hamiltons and their relationship with the royal family.

我从未见过像汉密尔顿夫人、威廉爵士和纳尔逊勋爵这样被彻底愚弄的三个人。看到纳尔逊勋爵满脑子只有她，实在令人难堪。这里说的'她'其实是玛丽亚·卡罗莱娜。如此功勋卓著的男人竟以这般可耻的方式自毁前程，岂不可惜？这种说法在当时并不罕见。

I never saw three people made such thorough dupes of as Lady Hamilton, Sir William, and Lord Nelson. It's really humiliating to see Lord Nelson as if he had no other thought than her. This is actually Maria Carolina. Is it not a pity that a man who had gained so much credit should fling himself away in this shameful manner? Now that's not an uncommon thing to say.

另一个例子来自纳尔逊的老友托马斯·特鲁布里奇——虽然后来他们闹翻了。特鲁布里奇写信说：'我听到关于您的令人不安的传闻。若您知道朋友们作何感想，定会停止所有夜间聚会。巴勒莫民众对您参与赌博的议论已沸沸扬扬。恳请阁下...'

So another the other example I was gonna give you was Nelson's old friend, Thomas Trubridge, with whom he later falls out. Trubridge wrote to him and said, please, I'm hearing really disturbing reports about you. If you knew what your friends feel for you, I'm sure you would cut out all the nocturnal parties. The gambling of the people in Palermo is publicly talked about everywhere. I beseech your lordship.

'及时收手。汉密尔顿夫人的名誉将受损。流言蜚语无法遏制。在英国人眼中，嗜赌的女人就完了。'抛开最后这句不谈，这种看法显然不仅存在于后世维多利亚时代的传记中，连纳尔逊的友人也觉得他不如从前专注，总是深夜作乐。或许部分源于臆测，部分像安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉的故事，但不可能全是空穴来风。

Leave off. Lady Hamilton's character will suffer. Nothing can prevent people from talking. A gambling woman in the eye of an Englishman is lost. Now putting that last bit on one side, this sort of sense that is clearly current, not just among later sort of Victorian biographies or whatever, but among some of Nelson's friends, that his focus isn't quite what it was, that he's keeping late hours, that's you know, maybe you can say some of this is projection and some of this is Antony and Cleopatra, but surely not all of it, Tom.

确实，这引发了流言蜚语。英国最著名的男人和最著名的女人闹出绯闻，对八卦爱好者来说简直是致命诱惑。

No. I I mean, clearly, it causes gossip. It causes scandal. The two most you know, the most famous man, the most famous woman in Britain having an affair. I mean, of course, I mean, it's absolute catnip for anyone who loves a scandal.

请注意你读到的那些'可耻行径'其实是指纳尔逊与那不勒斯王后的关系。人们认为英国海军上将不该像个跟班似的侍奉某个意大利小邦的统治者。基本上这就是舆论风向。或许纳尔逊确实与他们走得太近了。

And bear in mind that that thing you you you read about, you know, it's shameful, what's going on here. This is about Nelson's relationship to the queen of Naples. And I think that the feeling is that a British admiral should not be behaving like a flunky to rulers of some kind of tin pot Italian kingdom. I mean, I think that's that's the vibe, basically. And you could argue that perhaps Nelson is clinging to them too closely.

但请记住，这些都是他被下达的命令。他被告知要小心照料他们。从军事战略角度来看，我认为完全可以论证，在纳尔逊负责确立皇家海军面对法国威胁时的优势地位之际，维护英国在地中海唯一真正重要盟友的完整性，是一个合理的战略立场。当基思到来时，他对纳尔逊与艾玛·汉密尔顿的关系非常不满，这当然是可以理解的。

But bear in mind, those are the orders he's been given. He has been told, you know, look after them carefully. And I think you can absolutely make the case in terms of military strategy that maintaining the, integrity of Britain's only real ally of significance in the Mediterranean at a time when Nelson is responsible for establishing the supremacy of the Royal Navy in the face of of French threats, I think that is a reasonable strategic position to take. Now when Keith arrives, you know, he's very disapproving of Nelson's relationship with Emma Hamilton for you know? I mean, of course.

我是说，那是他道德立场的体现。但我认为两人分歧更深层的原因在于，基思并不像纳尔逊那样确信意大利战区的重要性。他更关注梅诺卡岛、西班牙和直布罗陀，这是战略理念上的分歧。而基思前来接替纳尔逊，却又不擅长与纳尔逊相处——他毫不畏惧侮辱对方，态度粗鲁，施加那些被纳尔逊视为轻蔑的举动，这只会让矛盾更加复杂。

I mean, that's that's his kind of moral position. But I think the much more deep seated reason for the disagreements between the two men is that Keith isn't as convinced as Nelson is that the Italian theater is important. His focus is much more on Menorca, on Spain, on Gibraltar, and that is a strategic disagreement. And the fact that Keith is coming to replace Nelson and that Keith is is not good at handling Nelson. You know, he's not afraid to insult him, to be rude to him, to, inflict what Nelson sees as snubs only adds to the mix.

我认为基思对纳尔逊与汉密尔顿夫人关系的批评，以及更广泛的流言蜚语，掩盖了纳尔逊与海军同僚及直属上级之间关于战略方向的深层分歧。

And I think that Keith's criticism of Nelson for having a relationship with, Lady Hamilton And the more general gossip is veiling deeper seated disagreements between Nelson and his peers and immediate superiors in the navy about the course basically of strategy.

这里涉及多个层面。在整体混乱中，其中一个现象是针对汉密尔顿夫妇的普遍反弹，这包括威廉爵士和艾玛。威廉·汉密尔顿爵士在那不勒斯远征罗马失败后，以及革命闹剧和那不勒斯重新被占领的巨大溃败后，人们明显感觉到他与王室走得太近，有些迷失方向。因此他在1800年初被实质撤换了大使职务，新大使被派来接替他。

Well, there are a number of different things here. So one of them, amid the general swirl, is that there's a backlash more generally against the Hamiltons, and that includes Sir William as well as Emma. So Sir William Hamilton, there is definitely a sense after the failure of the Neapolitan expedition to Rome, and then the huge fiasco of the revolution and the recapture of Naples. There is definitely a sense, I think, that sir William has become much too close to the royal family and that he's slightly lost the plot. So he is replaced as ambassador effectively at the beginning of 1800, a new ambassador is sent out to replace him.

当他回到英格兰后，一个重要主题是他未能获得预期的养老金和贵族头衔。人们普遍认为汉密尔顿一家毫无用处。我理解你的意思，但从基思勋爵的角度看，他会说：'我有个下属表现得像个明星，不服从命令，自认为可以凌驾于皇家海军的行为准则之上。没错，他是个杰出人物，但当我命令他去某地时，他有时公然违抗我的指令。'

And when he gets back to England, a big theme will be he doesn't get the pension he expects, he doesn't get the peerage he expects. And there's a sense in which people are like, well, Hamiltons are are useless. I mean, I I hear what you're saying. But from Lord Keith's perspective, he would he would say, I have this subordinate who is behaving like a diva, who does not follow my orders, who is now thinks himself above the chain of command, the code of behavior that governs the Royal Navy because, yes, he's a great star and all the rest of it, but he is sometimes flagrantly disobeying my orders when I tell him, go here.

纳尔逊向来如此，这就是他的一贯作风。

Nelson has always done that. I mean, that's that's his his modus operandi.

这没问题，但如果你总是担任指挥军官，这种行为就非常令人恼火。

That's fine, but that's very annoying if you always come acting officer.

当然如此。但我认为基思的领导风格与纳尔逊的作风完全对立。他无法容纳这种风格，因此两人不断产生摩擦。

Of course it is. But I think Keith's style of leadership is completely antithetical to the Nelson touch. He doesn't have room for it, and so they're constantly rubbing up against each other.

是啊。纳尔逊...我是说纳尔逊在自我形象管理方面确实不擅长对吧？因为他一直哀求基思放他回家。所以基思觉得这人不够投入也不奇怪。纳尔逊总在抱怨身体问题，心理问题。

Yeah. Nelson is also I mean, Nelson is is not the he's not brilliant at his own PR, is he? Because he's begging Keith the whole time to let him go home. So it's not surprising that Keith thinks this guy is not fully committed. Nelson's constantly complaining about his health, about his mental health.

他说心脏疼，整天念叨这些。基思看着他...别忘了基思早就听过不少传闻。早在1800年1月到任前，就有另一位海军上将写信警告他注意纳尔逊对艾玛·汉密尔顿的痴迷。想到纳尔逊竟如此可悲地让自己沦为笑柄和谴责对象，实在令人唏嘘。

He says he's got a pain. I've got a pain in my heart, all of this kind of stuff. And Keith looks at him, and and don't forget, Keith has heard a lot of the rumors. So before Keith even arrived in January 1800, another admiral wrote to him and said, you know, watch out for this infatuation that Nelson has with Emma Hamilton. I think it's very sad that Nelson should have so sadly exposed himself to ridicule and censure.

你可能会说这是道德清教主义作祟。但当基思抵达巴勒莫时，他说这里充斥着令人作呕的虚荣与荒谬。我知道你会说基思这是在扮演《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》里的批评者角色，但其中确实存在真实成分。

Now you could say, well, you know, this is just sort of moral puritanism and whatnot. And then Keith then arrives in Palermo and says, I found it a scene of fulsome vanity and absurdity. And I know what you'll say that Keith this is Keith kind of cosplaying a critic in Antony and Cleopatra or something, but that doesn't mean there's not an element of truth in it.

不，我不认为他在演戏。他只是在树立权威——这本就是他作为总司令该做的。但问题在于纳尔逊...你知道的，纳尔逊向来靠违抗军令取胜，这始终是他的行事风格。

No. I don't think he's doing that. I think he's trying to impose his authority, which is obviously what he should be doing because he's the commander in chief. But the problem is is is that Nelson, you know, Nelson wins victories by disobeying orders. That's also always been what he does.

1800年初就有个典型例子，与马耳他封锁战有关。基思命令纳尔逊撤离巴勒莫前往梅诺卡岛，纳尔逊照例无视。他率舰出击，在2月18日取得了马耳他封锁战中最具决定性的胜利——这对英国是关键战略目标。他截获了法国援军主力舰'将军号'，这艘船是尼罗河战役中两艘幸免于难的敌舰之一。

So there's a classic example of this in the early months of 1800, and it relates to the blockade of Malta. So Keith orders Nelson to, to abandon Palermo and come to Minorca. Nelson predictably ignores this. He sails out, and on the February 18, he wins the single most decisive engagement of the entire blockade of Malta, which is the key strategic objective for Britain. He meets a French relief force headed by a ship, Les Generaux, which is one of the two ships that had had had escaped destruction at the Battle of the Nile.

纳尔逊通过违抗基思的命令、相信自己的直觉俘获了它——这正是他一贯作风。我想你能从这里清楚看出贯穿纳尔逊整个军旅生涯的紧张关系。

Nelson captures it, and he does this by ignoring Keith's orders and trusting to his own instincts, which is what he always does. And I think you can see there exactly the tensions that have shadowed Nelson's entire career.

嗯。

Mhmm.

怨恨他的指挥官们不尊重他。指挥官们不尊重他，因为他总是一意孤行。然而当他真的自行其是时，结果却往往出类拔萃。这成为贯穿始终的主题。比如他与约翰·杰维斯爵士——他的重要庇护人圣文森特伯爵——也闹翻了，对方同样认为他难以忍受。

Resentment that his commanding officers don't respect him. His commanding officers don't respect him because he's always prone to going off and doing his own thing. Then he goes and does his own thing, and it turns out brilliantly. And this is a kind of an abiding theme. So he falls out, for instance, also with Sir John Jervis, his great patron, the Earl of Saint Vincent, who likewise thinks he's insufferable.

是啊。但这并不必然意味着他们全错了而纳尔逊总是对的。你看，基思勋爵正试图将整个行动和皇家海军的利益置于首位。约翰·萨格登作为纳尔逊的狂热研究者，我记得他将自己的著作描述为某种战争与和平式的宏大史诗。在这一点上，他对纳尔逊确实非常批判。

Yeah. But that does not necessarily that doesn't mean that they're all wrong and Nelson is always right. You know, Lord Keith is trying to put the interests of the the entire operation, the Royal Navy, first. John Sugden, who's the great Nelson bugger, I remember describing his books as the kind of war and peace of kind of this gigantic epic. I mean, he's he is really critical of Nelson in this point.

尽管纳尔逊自以为是，他肯定知道自己正让同僚们失望——包括那些恳求他远离马耳他的战友们，以及伦敦的上司们。这位曾经舰队最宝贵的资产，如今表现不佳，成了总司令的累赘。一个妄自尊大之人沦为了旁观者。纳尔逊的情感战胜了理智，生平第一次，他对自己热爱的军职成了阻碍而非助力。汤姆，我完全接受你可以对此持相反观点。

For all Nelson's self righteousness, he must have known he was disappointing members of his profession, the brothers who had begged him to stay off Malta as well as his superiors in London. He who had once been the fleet's greatest asset was now underperforming and becoming a hindrance to his commander in chief. A prima donna turning into a passenger. Nelson's heart was ruling his head, but for the first time in his life, he'd become an impediment rather than an asset to the service he'd loved. Now, Tom, I totally accept that you can take a contrary view of this.

你可以引用萨克顿的相反观点，因为他也说过'没有人比纳尔逊更拼命为马耳他而战'，这在整个时期显然都是事实。

Well, you can quote Suckton to a contrary view because he also says no one fought harder for Malta than Nelson, and that's clearly the case throughout this spell.

但他经常在行动中违抗命令，这

But often he's disobeyed orders in doing so, which

在他击退法国援军后不久就有例证。基思明确命令他不要去巴勒莫，但纳尔逊以健康不佳为由执意前往。我认为这个理由可能是真实的，此时纳尔逊似乎确实病得非常严重。

is There is an example of this shortly after he has seen off the French relief force. And Keith explicitly orders him, you know, don't go to Palermo. But Nelson does pleading ill health. Now I think that that is probably genuine. Nelson does seem to have been incredibly ill at this point.

引用安德鲁·兰伯特——纳尔逊另一位伟大传记作者的话：3月18日前往巴勒莫途中，纳尔逊突发胸痛，这让他确信自己濒临死亡。当然也可能是疑病症发作。

To quote on this occasion, Andrew Lambert, another great biographer of Nelson, on the March 18, while on passage to Palermo, Nelson experienced chest pains that convinced him he was close to death. Now it may be hypochondria.

这简直是重度疑病症患者的表现。

I mean, that's a massive hypochondriac.

但他似乎真的认为自己命不久矣。我认为他已精疲力竭，确实抱恙。有人说他可能患有疝气或痛风。

But he's genuinely seems to have thought he was close to death. And I I think he's exhausted. He's ill. People say he might had a hernia. He might had gout.

我认为他是真的病了。更雪上加霜的是，基思并未祝贺他俘获'Le General'号的胜利，反而将战利品分配给了自己的副官们以领取赏金。这自然导致两人关系恶化。

I mean, I think he is genuinely ill. And thrown into the mix is the fact that Keith has not congratulated him on his victory in in capturing Le General. And more than that, he has given it as a prize to his own lieutenants so that they will claim the prize money. And you can see why this would generate bad blood between the two men.

应该说这些情况相当复杂。最终结果是——基思于1800年初到任后，与纳尔逊相处极不融洽，争执不断。许多军官认为纳尔逊与汉密尔顿夫人的关系损害了他的声誉。

I mean, I think these are complicated waters, shall we say? And the upshot is Keith and Nelson, You know, Keith has arrived, what, the beginning of 1800? They don't get on at all well. There's constant arguments. Nelson that that a lot of officers say Nelson's standing with Lady Hamilton doesn't care.

也有人认为无伤大雅，一切顺利。但到了年中，纳尔逊开始不断抱怨'受够了，想回家'。

Other people say, no, that's fine. He's great. It's all going well. But Nelson, by about the middle of the year, is constantly saying, I've had enough. I want to go home.

他反复恳求'让我回家吧'。最终基思松口说'行，我也受够你了，赶紧走人'。甚至关于如何返程的问题，双方还爆发了争执。

Please let me go home. And eventually, Keith says, yeah, fine. You know, I'm sick of you. Good riddance to you. And actually, even how the question of getting home, there's a sort of an argument about that.

于是基思对纳尔逊说，我会给你一艘护卫舰。你可以乘护卫舰回家。纳尔逊却说，哦，护卫舰算什么？要知道，我可是位大明星。汉密尔顿家族这些显赫人物，理应风光无限地荣归故里。

So Keith says to Nelson, I'll give you a frigate. You can go home in a frigate. Now Nelson says, oh, what a frigate? Know, I is a bit great star. The Hamiltons, these tremendous people, should be going home in splendor.

事实上，艾玛根本不想走海路，对吧？部分原因是她知道好友玛丽亚·卡罗莱纳正计划前往哈布斯堡王朝的伟大首都维也纳，她更想与玛丽亚·卡罗莱纳走陆路。后来我们发现艾玛当时还怀有身孕，这又是个问题。总之纳尔逊说好吧，我们就走陆路，经奥地利、德国，再横渡北海回英国。你不觉得这在当时看来确实有失体统吗？

And actually, as it turns out, Emma doesn't want to go by sea at all, does she? Partly because she knows that Maria Carolina, her great friend, is planning a trip to Vienna, great Habsburg capital, and she would really like to go on land with Maria Carolina. Now, as we will discover, Emma is also pregnant, so that is another issue. Anyway, Nelson says, fine, we'll go overland, we'll go via Austria, we'll go via Germany, and then cross the North Sea to England. I think there's a do you not agree that this is seen as generally Undignified.

确实有失体统。这位赢得尼罗河战役的海军英雄本该在朴茨茅斯港凯旋而归。但事实上，艾玛和玛丽亚·卡罗莱纳想要的东西，她们总能如愿以偿。

Undignified. Yes. I do. It's not fitting for the naval the guy who won the battle of the Nile should come home, you know, land at Portsmouth, all of that stuff. But actually, you know, there is a sense, I think, what Emma and Maria Carolina want, Emma and Maria Carolina gets with this.

而我

And I

认为外界也觉得他被外国人带坏了——那些花里胡哨的勋章和滑稽奖章什么的。

think also there's a sense that he's been led into bad habits by foreigners bedecking him with baubles and comical medals and things.

此刻的他活像吉尔伯特与萨利文歌剧里的胡萝卜精。

He looks like carrots from Gilbert and Sullivan, I think, at this point.

没错。这种做派确实有损威严。这种负面印象无疑冲淡了本应属于他的全面赞誉。人们隐隐担忧他正在出洋相，让自己蒙羞。却忽略了他作为舰队司令的任期根本谈不上失败。

Yeah. And this is felt to be kind of undignified. And I think this undoubtedly poisons the the otherwise kind of complete mood of approbation that would be greeting him. I think there is a kind of undertow of anxiety that he is making himself look ridiculous, that he's letting himself down. And it obscures the fact that, actually, his term as commander in chief has not remotely been a disaster.

事实上，他不仅保住了西西里岛的战局，还收复了那不勒斯。他对马耳他的封锁行动执行得极为高效且成效显著——就在他离开后不久，即1800年5月9日，马耳他便宣告投降。出人意料的是，英国并未将其移交给费迪南德国王，而是据为己有。此后英国将统治该岛长达一个多世纪，直到二战期间马耳他仍发挥着战略作用。

So he's actually, he has kept Sicily and in the fight. He's got Naples back, and he's prosecuted the blockade of Malta with extreme efficiency and with such effectiveness that actually shortly after he's departed, so on the 09/05/1800, Malta will surrender. And rather than hand it over to king Ferdinand, the British keep it, much to everyone's surprise. And basically they will keep it for, you know, for a century and more. It will play its part in the second world war.

但更重大的意义在于，纳尔逊正以尼罗河战役胜利者的身份返回英国——这场英国史上最伟大的海战胜利彻底粉碎了拿破仑的埃及帝国梦。可悲的是，就连海军内部批评他的人（比如基思勋爵等）都认为，这位尼罗河英雄正在亲手玷污自己的战绩。汤姆，关于他是否真的自毁声誉我们尚可争论，但令人唏嘘的是，他归国时已非凯旋的战争英雄，而是深陷丑闻的争议人物。

But actually the even bigger thing surely is that Nelson is returning to England as the victor of The Nile, the winner of the greatest naval victory in Britain's history, the victory that effectively punctured Napoleon's dreams of empire in Egypt. And the tragedy, I think and this is even for his critics within the navy, for lord Keith and all these other people, that as they see it, the tragedy is that the victor of The Nile has tarnished his own record and is going back. You know, whether he's tarnished it whether he really has tarnished it, Tom, sure we can debate. But the sadness is that he's not going back as the victor of the night. He's going back as a scandal plagued, you know, controversy, haunted figure.

从纳尔逊的角度看，陆路旅行确有好处：他必须取道奥地利及英国盟邦的德意志地区，这些地方都因他在尼罗河战役击败法军而欢欣鼓舞。这再次为他提供了受外国人赞颂的机会——此时的他显然对此极为热衷。

From Nelson's point of view, there is positive to traveling overland, which is that, obviously, he will have to go via Austria and other parts of of Germany that are allied to Britain, all of whom are very excited by his achievement in defeating the French at the Battle of the Nile. And so yet again, it promises opportunities for being praised by foreigners, which I think by this point, Nelson's very keen on.

他们途经意大利托斯卡纳等地，最终抵达奥地利维也纳。期间他观看戏剧、请人绘制肖像、结识了约瑟夫·海顿（后者以他之名创作了弥撒曲）。他成为万众追捧的巨星，人们甚至开始模仿他的穿着打扮。

By the time they get to well, you know, we don't need to go through every single place they stopped at, they go through Italy, Tuscany, they end up in Austria and Vienna. He goes to the theatre, has his portrait painted, he meets Joseph Haydn, who names a mass after him. He's a big celebrity, and everyone's very excited, and they're wearing kind of Nelson fashions and stuff like that, aren't they?

艾玛·汉密尔顿的时尚风格同样风靡一时。这位女士也是耀眼的明星，维也纳的女性争相效仿她的装扮。两人都享受着众星捧月的待遇，显然对此无比陶醉。

And Emma Hamilton fashions as well. So she too is a big star. You know, she people women in Vienna are copying her look as well. They are being treated as stars, and I think both of them absolutely adore it.

我核算过这次旅行的花费——高达3000英镑。按收入折算相当于如今的500万英镑。这趟奢侈的旅程耗尽了他们本不宽裕的积蓄。

I worked out how much this trip cost. This trip cost them £3,000. And if you compare that in income terms, that's about £5,000,000 today. That's a very expensive trip, and that's money that they don't really have. So there's that issue.

其次，正如你所说，当时艾玛已身怀六甲。人们早就在猜测孩子生父是纳尔逊——事实正是如此。这个孩子是他们在地中海马耳他附近巡航时怀上的。我依稀记得，纳尔逊最初是在维也纳察觉到流言蜚语的。

Second issue, Emma heavily pregnant, as you mentioned, and people are already gossiping that Nelson may be the father. He is the father. Their their child was conceived while they were cruising, I think, off Malta in the Mediterranean. And I think it's in Vienna. You get the senses in Vienna that he first notices.

纳尔逊不是个喜欢被人嘲笑的人。而显然此刻人们确实开始嘲笑他了。关于他在舞会、宴会等场合的报道中，艾玛一如既往地喋喋不休，而他则沉默地站在那里。我能想象他那种感觉，你知道，他频频回头张望，注意到人们正掩嘴偷笑，这让他很不舒服。

Nelson is not a man who enjoys being laughed at. And it's clear that it's about now that people do start to laugh at him. The reports of him at balls, at banquets and things, Emma's chattering away as she always does. And he's standing there sort of silent. And I think I have a sort of sense of him, you know, glancing over his shoulder, noticing people laughing behind their hands, and he doesn't like it.

特别是在维也纳，他接触的都是出身高贵的英国贵族，这些人自然瞧不起曾当过酒吧女招待的艾玛。纳尔逊的好友明托勋爵当时在场，他形容艾玛是个粗俗不堪、令人震惊的庸俗女人。是的，在意大利时，她那兰开夏口音对当地人毫无影响，根本无人在意。但现在他要重新融入英国上流社会了。

Well, I think also in particularly in Vienna, he's meeting with very high born British aristocrats who, of course, are contemptuous of Emma, basically for being a barmaid. Nelson has his friend, Lord Minto, who's there, who says, you know, unbelievably coarse, appalling, vulgar woman. Yes. And while Emma was was in Italy, you know, her Lancastrian accent had no cut through with the Italians. I mean, it meant nothing But to now he's being reintegrated into high society, English high society.

所有那些势利眼的偏见都蓄势待发。

All those reserves snobbery are kind of waiting to come out again.

随着他们北上，礼仪与炫耀的问题愈发严重。比如到达布拉格或德累斯顿时，当地的英国访客、贵族和外交官开始写信回伦敦，说他们简直令人作呕。举个例子：汉密尔顿夫人宣称自己酷爱香槟，饮用量之大令我震惊。而纳尔逊勋爵也不遑多让，比平时更卖力地要求人们歌颂他的功绩。

Well, the issue of manners and showiness starts to become a real issue the further north they go. So for example, when they get to Prague or to Dresden, there are British visitors, British aristocrats or diplomats, who then start writing back to London saying, God, they're absolutely ghastly. So here's an example. Lady Hamilton declared she was passionately fond of champagne, took such a portion of it as astonished me. Lord Nelson was not behind hand, calling more vociferously than usual for songs in his own praise.

这段描述我觉得很真实，因为纳尔逊确实喜欢被奉承。而汉密尔顿夫人给人的感觉是——

Now that to me does actually ring true because Nelson does like a lot of praise. And Lady Hamilton, you feel, is not a woman who's going

——就算怀孕也不会戒掉香槟的那种女人。

to stop drinking champagne just because she's pregnant, we'll say.

没错。我觉得即便在当今英国，率先要求别人歌颂自己也是不得体的。要是在历史讲座晚宴上这么做...比如我多米尼克就绝不会这样。其实我们这个播客最不擅长的就是自我吹捧。

Right. Exactly. And I think I mean, even now in England, there is a sense that you shouldn't be the first to call for a song in your own praise. Some of you did that at a rest is history dinner, I would be Dominic, I would never do that. I mean, one thing actually this podcast is not known for is self congratulation.

人们常批评我们过于谦逊。

People often criticize us for too much humility.

我认为在这一点上，我们的表现比纳尔逊更出色。但我们必须始终牢记，他确实在尼罗河战役中击败了法国人，并为皇家海军确保了马耳他。

I think on this one level, we have behaved better than Nelson. However, we must always bear in mind that he did defeat the the French at the battle of the Nile, and he did secure Malta for the Royal Navy.

看来你迫不及待要强调马耳他这一点，我看得出来。

So You're desperate to hammer home this Malta point on you, I can tell.

这个太重要却被忽视了。总之，他们穿越欧洲抵达德国，然后乘船返回雅茅斯。那是艘邮船，不是皇家海军的巨舰。

Well, it's so important and it's overlooked. Anyway, they they travel through Europe. They get to Germany and they catch a boat back to Yarmouth. It's a packet boat. It's not, you know, a great ship of the Royal Navy.

但当纳尔逊登陆时，这些都无关紧要。他被当作凯旋英雄迎接，对吧？

However, when Nelson lands, doesn't matter. He's greeted, you know, the returning hero. Right?

没错。场面盛大，精彩绝伦。但他心底肯定惦记着身怀六甲的情妇和她年迈的丈夫，这种三角关系让他归乡时略显尴尬。

Yes. There are huge crowds. It's brilliant. It's brilliant. But at the back of his mind, surely, he's got his heavily pregnant mistress and her elderly husband, and that's a slightly odd menage with which to return to.

为不熟悉东盎格利亚地理的听众解释下，雅茅斯是离范妮和纳尔逊父亲等候他的牧师住宅最近的港口。不过多米尼克，他们真在那里吗？因为这里有些混淆，不是吗？

Just to explain for people who aren't familiar with the geography of East Anglia, Yarmouth is the nearest port to the the the vicarage where both Fanny and Nelson's father are waiting for him. Or are they Dominic? Because there's kind of a mix up, isn't there?

出了个大乱子。实际上范妮也给他准备了一栋乡间别墅叫圆木屋，位于萨福克郡，她一直在布置。结果他们从未住过那里。事情变得一团糟——他们会在那里见面吗？

There's a massive mix up. Because actually Fanny has also got him a country house called Roundwood, which is in Suffolk, which she's been preparing. They never live at it, as it turns out. And there's a great confusion. Are they gonna meet there?

他们会在伦敦碰面吗？范妮人在伦敦。纳尔逊去了那栋房子，发现空无一人，感到非常恼火。

Are they gonna meet in London? Fanny's down in London. Nelson goes to the house. There's nobody there. He's very offended.

你可以想象纳尔逊的反应。他习惯了阿谀奉承，习惯了众星捧月。结果到了房子却发现没人迎接。而这段时间范妮其实一直在等待。

You can imagine Nelson. He's used to flattery. He's used to being the center of attention. He arrives at the house, and there's no one there to greet him. Anyway, Fanny has been waiting all this time.

提醒大家关于范妮的性格：她非常害羞，有点安静。如果要批评范妮（虽然我不愿意，但为了节目效果勉强为之），她可能有点无趣。他们在加勒比结婚后回到了英格兰。

And to remind people about Fanny, Fanny is very shy, kind of quiet. If you had to criticize Fanny, which I hate to do, but I will force myself for the good of the podcast. She's perhaps a little bit boring. He married her in The Caribbean. They came home to England.

他受伤时她照顾过他。她已成为他父亲的第二个女儿。但最近几个月范妮越来越焦虑——纳尔逊的信件不仅开始变少，而且内容非常简短冷淡。她对朋友说真的很担心这些汉密尔顿家的人，明显能感觉到范妮心中日益增长的恐惧。

He nursed her when he was injured. She's become a second daughter to his father, and Fanny has become increasingly anxious in recent months. Nelson's letters have, a, started to dry up, but, b, when they do come, they are very short and they are very cold. And she says to her friends, I'm actually quite worried about these Hamiltons. She's there's a clear sense of kind of growing dread in Fanny's mind about the influence of the Hamiltons.

我们可不要演变成'艾玛战队'和'范妮战队'的对立吧，汤姆？我希望不会。我一直...

Now we're not gonna degenerate into team Emma and team Fanny, are we, Tom? I I hope. I've always I

这集开头提到过《曼斯菲尔德庄园》，简·奥斯汀的小说。她有个兄弟在皇家海军服役，对纳尔逊的事迹很了解。我总在想书中的范妮·普莱斯——那个有点胆小、不起眼的穷亲戚，与光鲜亮丽的玛丽·克劳福德形成鲜明对比——是否暗含了纳尔逊妻子范妮与情妇艾玛之间的微妙关系。

mentioned Mansfield Park at the start of this episode, Jane Austen's novel. Jane Austen, of course, had a brother who served in the royal navy, kept very abreast of Nelsoniana. And I've always wondered whether Fanny Price in Mansfield Park, who is the, you know, the slightly mousy, slightly, you know, the poor relation, not showy at all. And she's counterpointed to a much more glamorous woman in the form of Mary Crawford. I've always wondered if there's a little hint there perhaps of the dynamic between Fanny, Nelson's wife, and Emma, Nelson's mistress.

嗯，整体上这感觉很像简·奥斯汀笔下的氛围，不是吗？那两个女人，一个更安静内向，另一个则更张扬外向，有点像艾玛·伍德维尔那种类型。

Well, it feels like a very Jane Austen dynamic generally, doesn't it? The, The two women, the one who is quieter and more retiring, the one who is louder and is a little bit more Emma Woodville or whatever.

是啊，又是艾玛。

Yeah, Emma, again.

总之，他们最终都见面了，就是你一开始描述的那个场景。几乎没什么私人空间，因为就连初次会面时，现场也有大批祝福者围观。外面人山人海，实际上范妮和霍雷肖几乎找不到机会单独交谈，因为他父亲在场，汉密尔顿一家也在场。要知道，纳尔逊抵达伦敦时已经名声大噪。

Anyway, finally they all meet up, the scene you described at the beginning. So little of this is private because even at that first meeting, there are loads of well wishers there. There are great crowds outside. It's actually almost impossible for Fanny and Horatio to find a moment to talk together, you know, just the two of them, because he's got his father there, because the Hamiltons are there. You know, Nelson, when he arrives in London, he's so famous at this point.

有纳尔逊主题的餐具、帽子、耳环，还有纳尔逊王子周边。他走在街上总会被人群围堵。

There's Nelson crockery. There are Nelson hats. There's Nelson earrings. There's Nelson Prince. He can't walk down the street without people mobbing him.

当然，他也不想这样，因为他穿着全套礼服制服。他——哦，我

And, of course, he doesn't want to because he's wearing his full dress uniform. He's Oh, I

讨厌总是被人认出来。

hate the way I keep being noticed.

没错。因为他是个大明星，是英国重要的军事资产，如今的政治地位已今非昔比。所以他得以会见首相威廉·皮特，以及即将成为首相的亨利·阿丁顿。在我看来，此时的纳尔逊既要应付民众又要周旋政客，但始终笼罩着他的却是那个棘手难题——情妇与妻子的问题。最诡异的是她们居然都在场，对吧？

Exactly. Because he's a big star and because he's Britain's great military assets, he's politically important now in a way that he wasn't before. So he gets to meet the prime minister, William Pitt, and the guy who's going to become prime minister, Henry Addington. My sense of it at this point is Nelson's, you greeting the crowds and he's greeting politicians, but hanging over him the whole time is this this hideous dilemma, this issue of the mistress and the wife. And the fact that they're all together, I mean, that's what's so strange about it, isn't it?

是的。对纳尔逊来说最痛苦的是，我是说，抛开范妮不谈，他清楚自己的责任和义务。他本应恪守婚誓，却对艾玛怀有如此炽热的感情。他因此备受煎熬，这对他而言是场噩梦。不过我认为，对范妮来说这更是一场噩梦。

Yeah. And and the agony of it for Nelson, I mean, setting Fanny aside, is that he knows his responsibility and his duty. He should clearly, you know, stay true to his wedding vows, but he feels such a passion for Emma. And so he's torn in two, and it's a nightmare situation for him. It is, however, even more, I think, of a nightmare situation for Fanny.

噢，我是说，这件事已经公开化了。我觉得这才是关键。他们被迫参加各种晚宴，有人目睹她在宴会上流泪。还有个可怕的故事，说他们去德鲁里巷剧院看音乐剧时——汤姆，就是我们演出过的地方——她看到一半昏倒，不得不被抬出去。

Oh, I mean, the fact that it's public. I think that's the thing. That they're forced to go to all these dinner parties where and there's dinner parties where she's she's seen in tears. There's this awful story about going to see a musical at the Drury Lane Theatre, Tom, where we've performed. And she faints halfway through and had to be carried out.

事后人们说，她昏倒时台上正演到关于受伤女子愤怒的台词。你知道，这种场景...我觉得范妮显然是个非常内向的人，她感觉所有人都在盯着她嘲笑她。而与此同时，纳尔逊当然对她越来越冷淡，因为他怨恨整个局面。而且他...

And people said afterwards, Oh, the line at which she fainted was an exchange about an injured woman's fury. You know, this sort of idea that and and the sense I think that Fanny clearly has a very retiring person, that everybody is staring at her and laughing at her. And that all the time, of course, Nelson is treating her more and more coldly because he's resentful of the whole situation. And he's

本不是天性残忍的人，所以事后又会感到内疚。正因这种内疚，他又会责怪范妮。这就形成了恶性循环。

not a naturally cruel man, so he then feels bad about it. Because he feels bad about it, he blames Fanny. And so it's a kind of vicious cycle.

这是典型的情感模式。当然，这一切都发生在一年中...

It's a classic pattern. And of course, this is setting up for the time of year where

家家户户最喜欢团聚热闹的时节——圣诞节。而纳尔逊已经三年没和范妮、和他父亲共度圣诞了是吧？结果12月20日那天，他告诉范妮'今年圣诞不和你过'。猜猜他去哪儿了？

families love to get together and have massive razz, which is Christmas. And Nelson hasn't spent Christmas with, you know, with Fanny, with his father for, what, three years now? But Yeah. December 20 comes, and he tells Fanny, I'm not having Christmas with you. Do you know where he's off to?

他去了威尔特郡的索尔兹伯里一带。

He's off to Wiltshire and the Salisbury area.

很高兴威尔特郡和索尔兹伯里又回到节目中了，不是吗

It's great to have Wiltshire and Salisbury back on the show, isn't

确实如此。于是他随汉密尔顿一家前往索尔兹伯里，并被授予了索尔兹伯里市的自由市民称号。这对索尔兹伯里而言是极大的荣耀。接着他去了方提尔——那个我曾拿下五记三柱门的地方。威廉·贝克福德即将被揭露为摄政时期的杰弗里·爱泼斯坦，这个极其阴险的人物最终流亡葡萄牙。

It is. So he goes off to Salisbury with the Hamiltons, and he gets given the freedom of the city of Salisbury. So that's reflects very well on Salisbury. And then he goes off to a place where I once took five wickets, Fonthill, where William Beckford, who is going to be exposed as the Jeffrey Epstein of the Regency period. He's a very, very sinister figure who will end up going to exile in Portugal.

但此刻他已挥霍尽从加勒比地区压榨奴隶制糖赚取的财富，建造了这座巨大的幻想建筑方提尔修道院。他为纳尔逊和汉密尔顿夫妇举办了极度奢华的庆典，那是个极其壮观的圣诞节——但绝对算不上体面。

But at this point, he's used all the money he's made from sugar, So exploiting slaves in the Caribbean to build this enormous folly, Fonthill Abbey. And he he lays on an absolute extravaganza for Nelson and the Hamiltons, and it's a very, very spectacular Christmas. And it's very, very not fanny.

这很有彼得大帝的风格不是吗？现场有许多侏儒表演者，人们举着火把，各种奇异场景轮番上演，艾玛还摆出了她的经典姿态。

It's very Peter the Great, isn't it? There's a lot of dwarves. There's people with torches. There's sort of strange scenes and sort of Emma does her attitudes.

当时她已怀孕八个月，扮演着携带日耳曼尼库斯骨灰的阿格里皮娜。场面堪称震撼。

She is eight months pregnant. She does Agrippina bringing the ashes of Germanicus. So tremendous scenes.

现在你该问范妮去哪儿了？78岁的她和埃德蒙在圣诞节孤零零地徘徊，这个凄凉的节日里纳尔逊正与汉密尔顿一家欢宴。冥冥中似有预感——终结即将来临。1月9日正午时分，范妮与纳尔逊同意出售他们从未真正居住过的圆木屋。几天后他们与律师共进早餐时，

Now you can imagine Fanny's where's Fanny? I mean, she's sort of hanging around with Edmund at age 78 at Christmas, really miserable Christmas, knowing that Nelson is away sort of with the Hamelsons at this party. And I think there's this sort of sense that the that the end is coming. And then the the day noon on comes on the January 9, Fanny and Nelson agreed to sell this house called Roundwood that they'd never actually lived in. And a few days later, they're having breakfast with their lawyer.

纳尔逊在早餐时提及'亲爱的汉密尔顿夫人'。律师回忆道，这显然让范妮生平第一次爆发了——就像'咆哮的小老鼠'。她说：'我受够了听你谈论亲爱的汉密尔顿夫人，你必须在我和她之间做出抉择。'

Nelson mentions at breakfast something about dear lady Hamilton. And it's clear that basically for the only time in her life, something snapped in Fanny. And she said, you know, it's like the sort of the the the mouse that roared. She said, I'm sick of hearing of dear lady Hamilton, and I'm resolved you should give up either her or me. This is the lawyer reporting this.

纳尔逊冷冷地盯着她，说道：'范妮，你说话当心点。我真心爱你，但我不能忘记对汉密尔顿夫人的责任，也无法不以深情和敬仰之情谈及她。'范妮闻言立即起身离开了房间。那时他们已结婚十五年，可能两人都未意识到，但这便是他们共同生活的终结。

And Nelson stared at her very coldly, and he said, take care, Fanny, what you say. I love you sincerely, but I cannot forget my obligations to lady Hamilton or speak of her otherwise than with affection or admiration. And Fanny at that just gets up and walks out of the room. At that point, they'd been married for fifteen years, and probably neither of them really knew it, but that was the end of their life together.

如此激烈的情感风暴正在上演。但多米尼克，整个欧洲大陆上空正聚集着战争的阴云，尤其是波罗的海冰冷的海域上空。稍事休息后，我们将跟随纳尔逊，看他如何抛开与范妮和艾玛的情感纠葛，向东驶向丹麦和哥本哈根战役。本期节目由Vanguard赞助播出。

So incredible kind of emotional storms raging there. But, Dominic, out across the continent of Europe, storm clouds are gathering, and these are, of course, the storm clouds of war. And they are gathering in particular over the freezing waters of the Baltic. So after the break, we will join Nelson as he turns his back on all the emotional complications of his relationship with Fanny and with Emma and sails east towards Denmark and the battle of Copenhagen. This episode is brought to you by Vanguard.

令人振奋的是，Vanguard这个名字的灵感正来自纳尔逊将军的旗舰HMS Vanguard号。他在埃及阿布基尔湾追击法军，赢得尼罗河战役，真正将世界从拿破仑手中拯救出来。多么辉煌的战绩！这艘战舰确实历经无数战役。

Now thrillingly, this name, Vanguard, was inspired by HMS Vanguard, the flagship of none other than admiral Nelson. He pursues the French to Abakir Bay on the shores of Egypt for the battle of the Nile and saved the world from Napoleon, really. So great scenes. So tremendous record there from Vanguard, a ship that certainly saw no lack of action.

说到行动，如果你想落实财务计划却一直拖延ISA账户管理，或是投资新手不知从何入手，Vanguard提供多种ISA选择，他们的托管型ISA可能非常适合你。

Yes. Now speaking of action, if you want to put your financial plans into action, but you've been putting off sorting out your ISA, or if you're new to investing and you don't know where to start, Vanguard offers a range of ISA options, their managed ISA, which could be a great fit.

本质上这是股票与证券ISA账户，但由Vanguard专家管理。他们会帮你评估风险偏好，匹配适合的投资计划，其余工作交由他们完成。搜索Vanguard了解更多。投资有风险，需遵守税务规定。

So, essentially, it's a stocks and shares ISA, but it is managed by the experts of Vanguard. They'll help you to work out your risk appetite, match you to an investment plan that is right for you, and then they will do the rest. Search for Vanguard to find out more. When investing, your capital is at risk. Tax rules apply.

欢迎回到《余下皆历史》。上半场我们以战争阴云笼罩波罗的海作结。多米尼克，听众或许会困惑，因为我们之前主要讨论英吉利海峡、大西洋和地中海。波罗的海究竟发生了什么会引发如此紧张局势？

Hello. Welcome back to The Rest is History. We ended the first half with, of course, the storm clouds of war gathering and the gathering over the Baltic. And, Dominic, people may be slightly puzzled about that because we've been talking a lot about the the Channel, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean. What on earth is going on in the Baltic that would that would cause storm clouds together?

需要我提供些政治背景吗？

Would you like some political context?

我希望你能把镜头往后拉。

I'd like you to I'd like you to pull the camera back.

哦，很好，很好。好的。法国大革命战争于1792年爆发，一直持续至今。最近这一阶段始于1798年，被称为第二次反法同盟战争。

Oh, very good. Very good. Okay. So the French Revolutionary Wars had broken out in 1792, and they've been going on forever. This latest phase, began in 1798, is called the war of the second coalition.

尽管纳尔逊在尼亚尔英勇奋战，第二次反法同盟已开始分崩离析。

But despite all Nelson's heroics at the Gnar, the second coalition has begun to break up.

因为这个同盟是由法国的敌人组成的，包括英国、俄罗斯、奥地利等国。

Because the coalition is between France's enemies, including Britain and Russia and Austria and so on.

英国的主要盟友奥地利和俄罗斯都准备退出战争并与法国签订条约。这意味着——汤姆，这不会是最后一次——英国将独自坚守。为世间所有美好事物而孤军奋战。是的，现在海洋变得至关重要，尤其对英国而言。当你基本没有陆地盟友时，海洋就是你的一切。

Britain's main partners, the Austrians and the Russians, are both basically about to pull out of the war and sign treaties with the French. So that means that not for the last time, Tom, Britain stands alone. Stand alone for all that's good in this world. Yeah. So now the seas are massively important, of course, Britain, and they're even more important if you basically have no land allies because the sea is all you have.

皇家海军一直在封锁法国海岸，试图切断法国的贸易和补给。从长远来看——非常非常长远——这就是我们赢得战争的方式。因为我们掌控着海洋，我们扼制拿破仑，窒息他的经济，迫使他采取疯狂冒险，比如入侵俄罗斯。遗憾的是，并非所有欧洲友邦都尊重这一封锁，丹麦就是典型例子。他们一直奉行武装中立政策，派军舰护送商船突破封锁。

The Royal Navy has been blockading the French coast to try and starve the French of trade and supplies. And in the long run, in the very, very long run, that's how we win the war. Because we we control the seas, we suffocate Napoleon, suffocate his economy, and we force him into mad gambles like invading Russia. Sad to say, not all of our European friends have respected this blockade, and a very good example is Denmark. Denmark has been flirting with a policy of arms neutrality, meaning they send warships to help their merchant ships break the blockade.

1800年末，当纳尔逊深陷范妮、艾玛的情感纠葛时，一个令人震惊的新情况出现了。英国在第二次反法同盟中的关键盟友之一——俄国沙皇保罗一世，是个极其古怪且令人不悦的人物。

And then in late eighteen hundred, while Nelson is in the middle of the sort of Fanny, Emma, Imbroglio, there is a shocking new development. So one of our key Britain's key second coalition allies was Tsar Paul the first of Russia. He is a very strange and disagreeable man.

我们是不是都喜欢一个古怪又讨人厌的沙皇？

We we like a a strange and disagreeable Tsar, don't we?

是啊。我们专门研究这类人，俄罗斯也是。我觉得他集彼得大帝所有缺点于一身，却毫无优点。他酷爱盛大的军事阅兵，喜欢鞭笞人民。

Yeah. Well, we specialize in them, as does Russia. And he has I think he's got, like he's sort of got all the worst aspects of Peter the Great and none of the good ones. So he loves massive military parades. He loves flogging people.

他对彼得大帝极为痴迷——大家可能记得彼得大帝痴迷于胡须，还强制剪胡子，禁止穿长袍，必须改穿裤子。而这位沙皇呢，他看不惯现代自由主义服饰。实际上，他禁止圆顶帽、长裤和系带鞋。他还认为马甲是引发法国大革命的祸根，觉得这些服饰都带有自由主义色彩。

He's obsessed with so Peter the Great, people may remember, was obsessed with beards and cutting people's you know, make stopping them wearing kaftans, they had to wear trousers. This guy, he doesn't approve of modern liberal clothing. He, in fact, bans round hats, trousers, and lace up shoes. And he also believes that waistcoats contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution. Because he thinks all of these things are kind of liberal.

这些服饰被视作自由主义符号，暗示着共和倾向。而他恰恰厌恶共和主义，反感新思潮这类东西。所以这显然就是他为何要与法国开战——毕竟法国是马甲和滑稽帽子的温床。

It's liberal coded dress, and it speaks of Republican sympathies. And he just doesn't like republicanism. He doesn't like new ideas, all of this stuff. Right. So which is why, obviously, why he would be fighting against France because France is a hotbed of waistcoats and ludicrous hats.

但他还有另一面。他痴迷于成为...汤姆，又扯到你的马耳他话题了。他和你一样，一心想当圣约翰骑士团大团长。所以当英国在1800年9月占领马耳他并据为己有时，沙皇保罗一世简直不敢相信。

But there's another side to him. He's obsessed with becoming this I is your Malta thing again, Tom. He's like you. He's obsessed with becoming the grandmaster of the knights of Saint John. So when Britain did capture Malta in September 1800 and kept Malta for themselves, Tsar Paul the first said, what?

知道吗？他反应是：这算什么？你们不能霸占马耳他。

You know, what's this? You can't have Malta.

于是他立即转变阵营。你看，我说得没错吧？马耳他就是关键。

And switch his sides. So you see, I'm right. Malta is key.

你看，我觉得我们不得不与丹麦人交战很可悲，我们不得不粉碎他们，不得不给丹麦人一个教训，而这一切本不会发生，如果我们没有占领马耳他的话。总之，基本上，保罗转变了立场。他开始与波拿巴谈判。而波拿巴，此刻，

You see, I think it's sad that we had to fight the Danes, and we had to crush we had to teach the Danes a lesson, and this would not have happened if if we hadn't taken Malta. Anyway, basically, Paul switches sides. He opens talks with Bonaparte. And Bonaparte, this point,

他是第一执政官，对吧？所以他推翻了督政府。显然

is first consul, isn't he? So he's he's overthrown the directory. He's clearly

他现在基本就是独裁者了。于是在1800年12月，保罗与其他波罗的海强国签署协议——包括丹麦、瑞典和普鲁士。他们建立了武装中立同盟，将打破皇家海军的封锁，并与法国进行贸易。

basically the dictator now. So in December 1800, Paul signed a deal with the other Baltic powers. That's Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia. And they set up a league of arms neutrality. They will break the blockade of the Royal Navy, and they will they will trade with the French.

显然，这对英国的战争努力构成巨大威胁。首先，这意味着俄罗斯将控制波罗的海。但更重要的是，这将为法国提供足够的木材、麻绳和铁料来重建海军，建造大量新舰艇，甚至可能重新夺回制海权。而一旦如此，英国就彻底完蛋了，战争将宣告失败。引用历史学家安德鲁·兰伯特的话：如果英国接受这种局面，就等于放弃大国地位，承认法国在欧洲的霸权。

Now, clearly, this is a massive threat to Britain's war effort. First of all, it would mean that Russia controls the Baltic. But, also, it would give the French enough timber, enough hemp, enough iron to restock their navy, build loads of new ships, win back control of the seas potentially. And, of course, if they did that, it's curtains for Britain a game over in the war. So to quote Andrew Lambert's great historian, if Britain accepted, she would abandon her great power status and accept French hegemony over Europe.

这些问题关乎英国的生死存亡。因此到1800年12月，当纳尔逊去参加威廉·贝克福德那个有点不堪的派对时，乔治三世正告诉下议院：我们的荣誉与独立、我们的海上利益、我们的国家安全，全都取决于能否阻止这一切发生。

These issues were fundamental to Britain's very survival. So by December 1800, to the point at which Nelson is going off to William Beckford's slightly sordid party, you know, George the third is telling the House of Commons, our honor and independence, our maritime interests, our security, all depend on not letting this happen.

这让他很苦恼，不是吗？因为他和丹麦王室有姻亲关系。

And this is upsetting for him, isn't it? Because he's got kind of you know, he's related to the Danish royal family.

他喜爱丹麦人。自1784年起，丹麦实际由国王的儿子——王储弗雷德里克统治（因为国王疯了）。而这位弗雷德里克王储正是乔治三世的外甥。乔治很喜欢他，也很喜欢丹麦人。

He loves the Danes. So Denmark, since 1784, has been run not by its king because he's mad, but by his son, Crown Prince Frederick. And Crown Prince Frederick is George the third's nephew. And George likes him. He likes the Danes.

人人都喜欢丹麦人。所以纳尔逊，他他他认为他们基本上是外国人能达到的最佳状态，是英国人的兄弟。没错，这是极高的赞誉。

Everybody likes the Danes. So Nelson, he he he sees them as as basically the best thing any foreigner can be, the brothers of Englishmen. Exactly. High praise. It was

这是最高的赞誉。所以他们试图谈判。但在谈判期间，海军部表示，听着，我们必须派舰队进入波罗的海以表明我们是认真的。你们的首要任务是俘获或摧毁丹麦舰队。

the highest praise. So they tried to negotiate. But while that's happening, the admiralty says, look. We're gonna have to send a fleet into the Baltic to show that we mean business. And your orders are capture or destroy the Danish fleet first.

因为显然，要驶入波罗的海，首先经过丹麦，然后是瑞典，最后才能到达俄罗斯。命令非常明确。战争部长亨利·邓达斯写道，我们必须展示皇家海军，我引用原话，‘能与全世界海军力量匹敌’。我们必须主宰海洋，因为我们在陆地上微不足道，这是维持战争的唯一方式。这简直就是为纳尔逊量身定做的，对吧？

Because, obviously, for sailing up the Baltic, Denmark comes first, then you go past Sweden, and then finally, you get to Russia. And, you know, the the orders are very clear. Secretary of war Henry Dundas writes, we must show the Royal Navy is, and I quote, a match for the whole naval force of the world combined. We have to rule the waves because we're so inconsequential on land that, you know, that's the only way we'll stay in this war. Now this is made for Nelson, isn't it?

我的意思是，这任务简直刻着他的名字。他一直渴望出海。奇怪的是，他曾苦苦哀求返回英格兰，不断纠缠基思海军上将。结果一回到英格兰又说等不及要再次出海。因为在陆地上他就像无根浮萍，不是吗？

I mean, this has got his name all over it. And he has been itching to get to sea. The weird thing is he begged to be sent back to England, begged and begged to make a nuisance of himself to admiral lord Keith. Then he got back to England and said, I can't wait to get back to sea again. Because, of course, he's he's adrift on land, isn't he?

他在陆地上总是心神不宁，还陷在那段糟糕的三角恋里。

He's he's not at ease, and he's got this terrible love triangle.

我觉得去对付丹麦人比在马耳他周旋女王那些破事简单多了，那边情况复杂得多。但纳尔逊没被任命为总指挥，只当了副手，确实反映出伦敦方面他的声誉已受损。否则他本该获得指挥权的。

Well, I think also going and having a crack at the Danes, it's it's simpler than having to arse around with Malta and, you know, Queens and all that. It's it's much more complicated. But I think the fact that Nelson is not appointed to the command, he's only given a role as as deputy, does reflect the fact that back in London, his reputation has been tarnished. I think otherwise he would have been given command of it.

我认为确实如此。不过他是否真能胜任独立指挥倒是个有趣的问题，毕竟——这既非首次也非最后一次——他状态相当糟糕，对吧？他刚发作过疟疾热。我总觉得纳尔逊的很多身体问题某种程度上都是心因性的。他去见了老上司约翰·杰维斯爵士，就是现在的圣文森特伯爵。

I think it has. Whether he would be capable actually wielding soul command is an interesting question because he's I mean, not for the first or the last time, he's in a bit of a terrible state, isn't he? He's had an attack of malarial fever. I always think with Nelson, so much of this physical stuff is psychosomatic to some degree. You know, he went to see his old patron, Sir John Jervis, who's now the Earl of Saint Vincent.

杰维斯确实被纳尔逊的外表震惊了。可怜的人，他被虚荣、软弱和愚蠢吞噬了。

And Jervis was really shocked by Nelson's appearance. Poor man, he is devoured with vanity, weakness, and folly.

嗯，这就是你对你最敬仰的海军赞助人和父亲形象的期望。从那里，

Well, that's what you want from your your the patron and father figure that you most admire in the navy. From there,

纳尔逊前往普利茅斯的船坞，在一二月间他得到了改变他一生的消息。大约在1月29日——我们无法确定——艾玛终于生下了一个女儿。

Nelson travels down to the dockyard at Plymouth, and there he has news at the January, February that changes his life. Because probably on the January 29, we can't be sure, Emma has finally given birth to a daughter.

他们承认这件事吗？没有。他们不能承认。怎么可能呢？他们是否如此谨慎，以至于没有透露这可能是谁的女儿？

Do they acknowledge it? They don't. Well, they can't. How can you? Do they are they so subtle that they give no hint as to whose daughter it might have been?

他们给她取名霍雷西亚。

They call her Horatia.

霍雷西亚。是的。他给艾玛寄了所有这些加密信件。他们自称汤普森先生和夫人。我是说，这是最妙的部分。

Horatia. Yeah. And he sends Emma all these coded letters. They call themselves mister and missus Thompson. And I mean, this is the best thing.

纳尔逊写信给她说，我觉得，你知道，如果能在出生证明上把父母的名字写成‘Johem和Murata Etnaub’会很好。Etnaub Bronte。这是原话。如果你把姓氏倒过来读，再拼出其他名字的字母，就能得到霍雷肖和艾玛·勃朗特的名字。这是他炫耀自己公爵身份的方式。

Nelson wrote to her, and he said, I think, you know, what would be really nice is if you when you do the birth certificates, the name of the parents should be Johem and Murata Etnaub. Etnaub Bronte. This is a quote. If you read the surname backwards and take the letters of the other names, it gives the names of Horatio and Emma Bronte. This is him showing off about his dukedom.

这就是典型的纳尔逊作风。他自以为手段高明，实则拙劣得可笑，还爱自吹自擂。

And that's classic Nelson. It's the sort of he thinks he's being really subtle, but he obviously is just it's laughable. But he's also boasting. Yeah.

他就是想引人注目。

He wants to draw attention to it.

没错。目前这个小女孩被交给一位叫吉布森夫人的女士抚养。吉布森夫人实质上成了她的监护人，对吧？

Yeah. So for the time being, this little girl is given to a woman called missus Gibson. And Mrs. Gibson basically acts as her guardian, doesn't she?

显然这极大加深了纳尔逊与艾玛的羁绊——毕竟范妮未能为他生育。纳尔逊又极爱孩子，自然对霍雷希亚宠溺有加。

And obviously this massively intensifies the bond between Nelson and Emma because Fanny hadn't been able to give him a child. And Nelson loves children. So he'd be very besotted with Horatia.

完全正确。我认为正是这种骨肉分离的状态加剧了他的痛苦——这期间是他人生最黯淡的岁月。他被困在托贝港的新战舰圣乔治号上，1801年初的天气恶劣至极，狂风呼啸暴雨倾盆，还夹杂着暴风雪。

Completely. And actually, I think it's the fact that he's had the child and he can't see her contributes to his misery because in these, these are some of the lowest weeks of his life. He's stuck in this new ship, the St George in Torbay. The weather at the beginning of eighteen o one is absolutely terrible. It's kind of howling gales, driving rain, the snowstorms and stuff.

他独自蜷缩在船舱里郁郁寡欢。报纸上满是关于他的流言蜚语，漫画把艾玛画成痛饮金酒的大肚婆形象。

He's in this cabin on his own. He's really low. The newspapers are full of gossip about him. There are cartoons that basically show Emma drinking gin. Massively pregnant.

有幅著名漫画将艾玛比作被埃涅阿斯抛弃的迦太基女王狄多，这种扭曲的讽刺实在荒谬绝伦。

So there's a famous one of Emma as Dido, the queen of Carthage who gets abandoned by Aeneas who sails off. And it's grotesquely unfair. And of

当然，这些画作非常刻意地突显她怀孕的事实，所以所有人都知道发生了什么。

course is very much drawing attention to the fact that she's pregnant. And so everybody knows what's going on.

在这些漫画里她被画得体型庞大。威廉·汉密尔顿也经常出现在画中，对吧？在背景里显得尖嘴猴腮、瘦弱不堪。

She's very large in these cartoons. And William Hamilton often pops up in him, doesn't he? Looking very beaky and weedy in the background.

形容枯槁。而且非常猥琐。

Wizened. And so Very pervy.

关于纳尔逊的另一件事——我觉得既悲哀又滑稽——是他完全被嫉妒心折磨着。这是个糟糕的转折点。霍雷西亚出生几天后，艾玛写信告诉他：我要和威尔士亲王（未来的乔治四世）共进晚餐。这对纳尔逊来说简直是晴天霹雳。

Now the other thing about Nelson that is actually I do find this both sad and comical, is he's absolutely tormented by jealousy. So a terrible development. A few days after Horatia's birth, Emma writes to him and says, I'm going to have dinner with the prince of Wales, the future George the fourth. And Nelson, this is the worst news he's ever heard.

因为摄政王是个十足的色鬼，不是吗？

Because the Prince Regent's a massive lech, isn't he?

确实。摄政亲王真是个糟糕透顶的人。纳尔逊回信说：我知道他的目标是要你做情妇。这个念头让我心神不宁，无法下笔。我泪流满面。

Yeah. He really is a terrible man, the Prince Regent. And Nelson writes back, he says, I know his aim is to have you for a mistress. The thought so agitates me that I cannot write. I'm in tears.

我无法忍受这件事。

I cannot bear it.

这类事情简直数不胜数，不是吗？就这样没完没了地持续着。

And there is so much like this, isn't there? It just goes on and on and on like this.

这个播客可以持续数小时。他们其实很滑稽。别让他碰你或坐在你旁边。如果他过来，就起身。若他看你，愿上帝使他失明。

This podcast could go on for hours. They're comical, actually. Do not let him touch you nor sit next to you. If he comes, get up. God strike him blind if he looks at you.

这太有纳尔逊风格了，接着就陷入了疯狂的自怜中。'天啊，我真想死。上帝啊，我为何还活着？'但精彩之处在于

And then this is so Nelsonian that then lurched from this into mad self pity. Oh god that I was dead. Oh god. Why do I live? But the brilliant thing

是他不得不对艾玛也这样做，因为艾玛对他极度嫉妒。我想他去了朴茨茅斯，不得不向艾玛发誓不会花时间与其他女性相处。当然，他发现自己还是这么做了。于是他写信回去坦白。他形容一个女人穿着像老羊羔时装，真是老黄瓜刷绿漆。

is is that he's having to do the same with Emma because Emma's massively jealous of him. So I think he goes to Portsmouth, and he's had to swear to Emma that he will spend no time with other women. And, course, he finds that he he does. And so he writes back and and and confesses. So he describes one woman as dressed old you lamb fashion, so mutton dressed as lamb.

另一个看起来像厨娘。还有个喜欢喝两杯。还有个55岁，耳背且满脸麻子。

Another looks like a cook maid. Another likes a drop. Another is 55 deaf and pitted with smallpox.

哦，多么风流倜傥啊。

Oh, such gallantry.

没错。正是这样。而这种相互嫉妒似乎又成了这段关系的助推剂。

Yeah. Exactly. And and kind of mutual jealousy, again, is seems to be kind of part of the rocket fuel of the relationship.

是的，我也这么认为。这是一种占有欲和偏执的结合。那么与此同时，范妮怎么样了？范妮还没有完全放弃希望。

Yeah, I think so. I think so. This is sort of a possessiveness and a paranoia combined. Now, meanwhile, what's happened to Fanny? Well, Fanny has not given up hope entirely.

可悲的是，她收到了儿子约西亚的消息——听众们可能还记得，他曾在内尔森失去手臂的特内里费袭击中救过内尔森的命。总之，约西亚告诉她内尔森的眼部感染复发了。范妮写信说，我想来照顾你，做你贴心的护士。而内尔森的回复，你说内尔森表现得相当残忍。

That's the sad thing. So she's heard from her son Josiah, listeners may remember, saving Nelson's life and the attack in Tenerife when he lost his arm. Anyway, she's heard from Josiah that Nelson's eye infection has come back. And Fanny writes, and she says, I'd like to come and I'll be your affectionate nurse and look after you. And Nelson replies, you said Nelson behaves quite cruelly.

实际上我觉得内尔森这样非常残忍。他在二月份给她回了一封极其恶毒的信。他说，我会每季度给你400英镑的津贴，仅此而已，从此以后我要和你断绝关系。我只希望人们永远不会向你提起我的名字。我既不需要护理也不需要关心。

I think this is very cruel actually from Nelson. He replies to her with an extraordinarily savage letter at the February. He says, I'm gonna pay you an allowance of £400 a quarter, and that is it, and I'm gonna cut you off from this point onwards. I only wish people would never mention my name to you. I want neither nursing nor attention.

如果你来这里，我本不会上岸，你也不会登船。现在即使你来了，我甚至不会见你。我不想再想起你了。我只希望你从我的生活中消失。

Had you come here, I should not have gone on shore, nor would you have come afloat. Now even if you'd come, I wouldn't even see you. I don't I don't wanna think about you anymore. I just want you out of my life.

你刚才谈到内尔森的残忍。此时的艾玛对范妮的行为也很恶劣，她挑拨内尔森的家人反对范妮，辱骂她，在背后散布她的谣言。我认为他们两人都被彼此的热情和社会压力逼疯了。这是他们共同故事中的最低谷。他们对范妮太恶劣了。

So you talked about Nelson being cruel. Emma also, by this point, is behaving abominably to Fanny, kind of turning Nelson's family against her, calling her names, kind of gossiping about her behind her back. And and I think both of them have kind of been driven mad by their mutual passion, but also by the social pressure that it has put both of them under. And I think this is the kind of the lowest point in their mutual story. They behave so badly to her.

我完全同意你的看法，汤姆。到目前为止，我必须坦白说——希望听众们不要因此评判我——我内心深处觉得艾玛·汉密尔顿相当令人讨厌，但这是我认为她真正恶毒的一点。范妮是个被击垮的女人。

I completely agree with you, Tom. This is up to this point, Emma Hamilton, deep down, I am gonna confess, and I hope the listeners will not judge me for this. I find her quite annoying, but this is the one point where I think she's genuinely vicious. Fanny is a beaten woman.

嗯，内尔森有句可怕的话：'若想打狗，棍子总是找得到的。'

Well, so Nelson Nelson has this awful phrase. It is very easy to find a stick if you are inclined to beat your dog.

是的，我是说那很难辩护。非常难以辩护。现在想想纳尔逊的案例，我并不是说这让他比艾玛更好。但我觉得在纳尔逊的案例中，这明显是出于某种内疚——他讨厌自我厌恶的感觉。

Yeah. I mean, that's hard to defend. That's very hard to defend. I think now I think in Nelson's case I'm not saying this makes him better than Emma, by the way. But I think in Nelson's case, this is clearly driven, do not think, by guilt to some he hates feeling bad about himself.

他在牧师公馆被一位牧师抚养长大。他被告知该如何行事，也知道自己让父亲和道德准则失望了。他对范妮的态度里带着一丝刻薄与愤怒，因为他觉得是她导致自己行为失当，而他并不喜欢这样。但有趣的是他并没有为此责怪艾玛。我是说，他

He's been brought up by a vicar in a vicarage. He's been told how to behave, and he knows he's letting his father and his moral code down. There's a slight sense of viciousness and anger to the way he treats Fanny, because he feels that she has driven him to behave badly and he doesn't like it. But what's interesting is he doesn't blame Emma for this. I mean, he

本可以轻易那样做，但实际上这似乎反而让他们陷入了更深层的共生关系。尽管正如我们所见，这丝毫没减弱他的嫉妒心。

could easily have done that, but actually it seems to have forced them into an even greater kind of codependency. Although it does not in any way inhibit his capacity to feel jealous as we all see.

没错。现在我觉得还有另一个方面——我的意思是容易陷入这个误区。值得大家记住的是，艾玛和纳尔逊能翻过这一页。他们仍能维持关系。而对范妮来说可悲的是她永远无法解脱，事实上她也确实从未解脱。

Yeah, exactly. And now I think one actually one other aspect actually, I mean, get bogged down in this. So one thing that is worth people remembering is Emma and Nelson can move on from this. They can still have the relationship. And the sad thing for Fanny is she can't ever move on, and she never ever does.

因为被遗弃的妻子不能另结新欢。所以她实际上被判活成一种寡妇。就像约翰·索普顿说的，余生都将成为怜悯与闲言碎语的对象。这真是个悲伤的故事。

Because an abandoned wife can't take on a new partner. So she's effectively condemned to live as a kind of widow. As I think John Soupton says, an object of pity and innuendo for the remainder of her days. And that is that is a really sad story.

我想说她比艾玛唯一的优势在于——我们讨论过纳尔逊会给她经济补偿。待纳尔逊死后她最终能拿到他的养老金。她会得到他的奖金等等。而对艾玛来说，正如我们将看到的，这将是个灾难，因为她确实缺乏——艾玛得到了纳尔逊这个人，却得不到纳尔逊给范妮的经济保障。这很简·奥斯汀式的视角。

I mean, I suppose I I'd say the one the one advantage she has over Emma is that, you know, we talked about Nelson making a financial settlement on her. She will get his pension in due course when he dies. You know, she's the one who will receive his prize money and so forth. And this, as we will see for Emma, is going be a catastrophe because she she does lack I mean, Emma gets Nelson, but she doesn't get the financial stability that Nelson gives to Fanny. And that's quite a Jane Austen perspective on things.

确实如此。好了，这个悲伤的故事到此结束。让我们回到剧情。3月5日，纳尔逊给范妮写完最后那封绝情信后，就动身前往英格兰东部诺福克海岸的雅茅斯。

Yeah, it is. All right. That's the end of that very sad story. Let's get back to the action. The March 5, after Nelson has written his final sort of letter of dismissal to Fanny, he goes off to Yarmouth, which is on the Norfolk Coast on the East Of England.

就在那里，海德·帕克上将的舰队正严阵以待。纳尔逊迫不及待要投入战斗，好摆脱这些情感纠葛。但颇具讽刺意味的是，帕克上将自己的感情生活同样精彩。他现年61岁，是个极其谨慎、迂腐又一丝不苟的海军将领。

And there, Admiral Hyde Parker's fleet is waiting. Nelson cannot wait to get into action, to leave all this emotional drama behind. But in a sort of weird mirror image of what's been going on, Admiral Parker has an interesting love life of his own. He is 61 years old. He's a very kind of cautious, pedantic, meticulous admiral.

但他刚迎娶了位新娘，据不同记载新娘年仅24岁——别忘了新郎已61岁——另有说法称她只有18岁。这年龄差距可不小。此刻海德·帕克上将沉浸在狂喜中，正享受着美妙时光，根本不愿急着启航前往波罗的海，毕竟身边有位妙龄新娘。所以当纳尔逊焦躁不安时，海德·帕克却在忙着筹办舞会派对这类活动，导致舰队又耽搁了一周才出发。

But he's just married a new bride, and her age is variously given at 24 remember, he's 61 Or by some sources is 18. There's a bit of a gap. Now Admiral Hyde Parker loves he's delighted. He's having a tremendous time, and he's in no hurry to go sailing off to the Baltic when he's got this teenage bride. So while, you know, Nelson is chafing, admiral Hyde Parker is organizing balls and parties and all this kind of thing, and so they don't set off for another week.

但是多米尼克，关键在于即便舰队终于启航，你以为纳尔逊会专注于即将到来的战役，可他仍对艾玛念念不忘。他还在为威尔士亲王的事耿耿于怀，不停地给她写信。每当我读到这场战役的史料，看到他写给艾玛的那些信件时，总难以置信他竟能在这种状态下取得如此战果。哥本哈根战役堪称传奇，这个我们稍后再详谈。

But, Dominic, the thing is that even when they do set off, and you'd think that Nelson's focus now would be all about the campaign to come, he's still obsessing about Emma. And he's still obsessing about about the prince of Wales and kind of writing letters to her all the time. And I always think when I read about this campaign and you read all the letters that he's sending to Emma, it's unbelievable that he has the focus and capacity to achieve what he achieves on this campaign. I mean, it's astonishing. Copenhagen is an is an amazing story, which we'll come to.

最不可思议的是

The incredible thing

整件事的铺垫在于，他写了封信指控威廉·汉密尔顿爵士在拉皮条。'你在做什么？为何要与那群娼妓、寄生虫和无耻骗子为伍？'诸如此类的内容。他在梦中都不停写信，不是吗？

is that basically the build up to it, he's writing a letter saying Sir William Hamilton's pimping you out. What are you doing? How are you associating with a set of whores, boards, and unprincipled liars? All of this kind of thing. He writes throughout his dreams, doesn't he?

他说，有个梦境里

He says, there's a dream in which

我打了你的头

I hit you over the head

用棍子打你，然后泼了一桶滚烫的热水在你身上。就因为那位王子。是啊，收到恋人这样的信可真奇怪。

with a stick and then threw a tub of boiling hot water over you. Because of the prince. Yeah. That's a strange letter to get from your lover.

我觉得艾玛会接受的。

I think Emma would roll with it.

不客气。嗯，她显然接受了。

You're welcome. Well, she clearly does.

嗯，这就是那种，你

Well, it's the kind of, you

知道吗，就是那种戏剧性，那种夸张情节。与此同时，当他们向东北穿越北海航行时，事件进展正在加速。3月14日，海军部向他们下达了最终指令：我们要强行通过丹麦与瑞典之间的海峡，歼灭丹麦舰队和哥本哈根的造船厂。如果这还不足以震慑其他波罗的海强国，就继续向俄罗斯在喀琅施塔得的海军基地进发。

know, the kind of the drama of it all, the melodrama. Now meanwhile, as they sail northeast through the North Sea, the pace of events is quickening. On the March 14, the admiralty sends them their final instructions. We're going to force the strait between Denmark and Sweden, annihilate the Danish fleet and the dockyards at Copenhagen. And if this isn't enough to intimidate the other Baltic powers, we want you to head on towards the Russian naval base at Kronstadt.

而且要快，快，时间紧迫。于是他们在暴雨和暴风雪中继续航行。3月19日，他们抵达日德兰半岛最北端的斯卡恩角。在这里，他们得知英国的谈判代表团已被丹麦驱逐出境。现在毫无疑问，战争已经爆发。

And hurry, hurry, you know, time is of the essence. So they sail on through this kind of driving rain and snowstorms. And on the March 19, they reach the northern tip of Jutland, which is called The Score. And here, they hear news that Britain's negotiating team has been expelled from Denmark. So there's no doubt now it is war.

于是帕克上将发回消息说：我们将立即绕行日德兰半岛顶端，执行命令。三天后，到3月22日，他们已接近赫尔辛格镇——更广为人知的名字是埃尔西诺，那里有座宏伟城堡的阴影笼罩着，那城堡里有我去过的最棒的纪念品商店之一。

So admiral Parker sends a message home. He says, we will head around the tip of Jutland right away, and I will put the orders into execution. So around they go, and three days later, by the March 22, they are approaching the town of Helsinger, better known as Elsinore, which is in the shadow of this great castle, One of the best gift shops I've ever been to in a castle.

是的，这是一座辉煌的城堡，礼品店也很棒。当然，这里在英国因作为莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》的背景而闻名。多米尼克，哈姆雷特的关键特点就是他犹豫不决。那么这个故事里有没有人也同样犹豫不决，让纳尔逊等得不耐烦呢？

It's a yeah. It's a brilliant castle and a great gift shop. And, of course, this is famous in England as the setting for Shakespeare's play Hamlet. And the salient thing about Hamlet, Dominic, is that he delays. And is there anyone in this story who delays, much to the impatience of Nelson?

这个莎士比亚式的过渡非常巧妙。我为此鼓掌，真是高质量的播客内容。因为就在此刻，帕克上将停下了。

That's a very nice Shakespearean segue. I applaud that. I applaud that. That's top quality podcasting. Because right here, admiral Parker stops.

他犹豫了。现在风向对他们有利，那他为何停下？原因是他收到了关于丹麦防御的可怕新情报。哥本哈本本就已是块难啃的硬骨头。

He hesitates. Now the wind is with them. So why has he stopped? The answer is he's received terrifying new intelligence about the Danish defenses. Copenhagen is already going to be a very tough nut to crack.

水域非常浅，进攻舰队要进入港口，必须绕过这片名为'中地'的巨大浅滩。但帕克听说港口入口由这些巨型堡垒炮台守卫——两座建在海面木桩上的巨型堡垒各有100门火炮。丹麦人还在内航道布防，因为他们知道英国人带着战舰、废船和浮动炮台来了，这意味着驶入港口时，你将直面一堵火炮墙。

The water is very shallow, and to get in an attacking fleet to get into the harbor, we'll have to go around this great shoal or sandbank called the Middle Ground. But Parker hears that the harbor entrance is guarded by these huge citadel batteries. There's two enormous forts that are built on wooden piles above the sea. They've got a 100 guns each. And the Danes have lined the Inner Channel because they know the British are coming with warships and hulks and floating sort of gun platforms, which means that basically as you sail into the Harwad, there's a wall of guns pointing right at you.

要冲进那种火力网简直是疯了，无异于自杀。哪个疯子会想这么做？没错，会是谁呢？

I mean, to sail into that would be madness. It would effectively be suicide. What lunatic would conceive of doing that? Exactly. Who indeed?

帕克觉得：不行，我们得停下。纳尔逊难以置信，他在圣乔治号船舱里憋了两天的火。

Parker thinks, no. You know, we'll just stop. And Nelson can't believe it. And for two days, he smolders in his cabin aboard the Saint George's ship.

他还在给艾玛写信吗？

And he's still writing letters to Emma?

没错。正是如此。他正考虑着威尔士亲王，以及向人们头上泼沸水之类的事。然后他给帕克写了这封非同寻常的信。信中说，不必担心防御工事。

Yeah. Exactly. He's thinking about the Prince of Wales and thinking about throwing boiling water over people's heads and stuff. And then he writes Parker this extraordinary letter. He says, don't worry about the defenses.

不。时间紧迫。机不可失，时不再来。我们必须对丹麦人发动攻击。一刻都不能耽搁。

No. Time is of the essence. It's now or never. We have to strike at the Danes. Not a moment should be lost.

这是关于攻击敌人的引述。他们每时每刻都在变得更强大。接着他对帕克说，英格兰的荣誉就掌握在你手中。你的决定将决定我们的国家是在欧洲眼中蒙羞，还是比以往任何时候都更加昂首挺胸。我国从未像依赖这支舰队那样依赖过任何舰队的成功。

This is a quote in attacking the enemy. They will every day and every hour be stronger. And then he says to Parker, the honor of England is in your hands. On your decision depends whether our country shall be degraded in the eyes of Europe or whether she shall rear her head higher than ever. Never did our country depend so much on the success of any fleet as on this.

他把信送到帕克的旗舰上，然后等待回复。终于，回信来了。帕克说，很好。我们将发动攻击。但霍雷肖·纳尔逊，你要亲自率领这次进攻。

And he sends the letter across to Parker's flagship, and he waits and waits for the reply. And finally, it comes. And Parker says, very well. We will attack. But you, Horatio Nelson, will lead that assault personally.

我们不会现在停下来，对吧？

Don't we're not gonna stop now, are we?

我们会的，汤姆。这就是播客的本质。

We are, Tom. That's the nature of podcasting.

难以置信。英国的存亡危在旦夕。丹麦人的炮火密集。纳尔逊正准备进入海峡。哦，太令人兴奋了。

Unbelievable. Britain's survival is at stake. The Danish guns are bristling. Nelson's preparing to go into the straight. Oh, such excitement.

如果你是历史余韵俱乐部的会员，那么你现在就可以收听这一集以及本系列接下来的四集内容。若你还不是会员但希望加入，可访问restishistory.com进行注册。激动人心的时刻即将到来——哥本哈根之战一触即发。我们下期再见。

And if you are a club member of the rest of history, then, of course, you can hear that episode right now as well as the next four episodes in this series. And if you are not a club member but you would like to become one, then you can go to the restishistory.com and sign up there. Unbelievable excitement. The battle of Copenhagen is ready to begin. We will see you next time.

再见。

Goodbye.

拜拜。

Bye bye.

你好，我是大卫·奥莱肖甘。

Hello. I'm David Oleshogam.

我是莎拉·丘吉尔威尔。

And I'm Sarah Churchwell.

本周《穿越时空之旅》将带您探索1605年火药阴谋的始末，讲述一小群天主教徒如何策划了这场本将成为英国史上最惨烈的恐怖袭击。

This week on Journey Through Time, we are exploring the story of the gunpowder plot of sixteen o five, the story of how a small group of Catholics engaged in what would have been the most devastating terrorist attack in all of British history.

这个计划冷酷无情——企图一举炸毁议会大厦、詹姆斯一世国王及其大部分王室成员。

The plan was ruthless. Blow up parliament, king James the first, and most of his family all in a single blow.

本系列将讲述由富有魅力的罗伯特·凯茨比领导的一群人的叛国与背叛故事，他们认为要争取天主教徒权利，唯一的选择就是暴力摧毁斯图亚特王朝。

The series will tell the story of treason and traitors of a group of men led by the charismatic Robert Cadesby, who believed that the only option left to them to win their rights as Catholics was the violent destruction of the Stuart state.

我们将回顾盖伊·福克斯的故事——这位全国最著名的叛国者，从他被招募成为阴谋替罪羊，到最终遭受酷刑处死的全过程。

We look at the story of Guy Fawkes, the nation's most famous traitor, from his recruitment to becoming the plot's fall guy and ultimately being tortured and killed.

最后我们将揭示为何这场阴谋在400年后的今天仍被铭记。请在任意播客平台收听《穿越时光之旅》。

Finally, we find out why this plot is still remembered now 400 later. Listen to Journey Through Time wherever you get your podcasts.

乔治·奥威尔是二十世纪最具影响力的声音之一。但你知道吗？他的人生故事和他所写的内容一样精彩。

George Orwell was one of the most impactful voices of the twentieth century. But do you know what? His life story is just as interesting as the things he wrote.

我是威廉·德林普尔。

I'm William Drimple.

我是安妮塔·阿诺德，我们是一档聚焦世界历史的节目《帝国》的主持人。目前我们正在播出关于乔治·奥威尔生平的扣人心弦的四集系列节目。

And I'm Anita Arnold, and we are the hosts of Empire, a goal hanger show about world history. And on Empire, we're currently in the middle of a gripping four part series about the life of George Orwell.

奥威尔的早年生活与大英帝国密不可分。他出生于印度，父亲从事鸦片贸易。二十多岁时，他曾在缅甸担任殖民警察。

Orwell's early life was wrapped up in the British Empire. He was born in India to an opium trading father. And in his twenties, he served as a colonial police officer in Burma.

他晚年对极权主义的憎恶愈发坚定。作为一名理想主义作家，他曾前往西班牙内战前线与共和派并肩对抗佛朗哥法西斯，并亲眼目睹了伦敦大轰炸的恐怖。

His later life crystallized his hatred of totalitarianism. As an idealistic writer, he traveled to fight with the Republicans against Franco's fascists in the Spanish Civil War, and he witnessed the horrors of the Blitz.

这些经历促使他创作出《动物农场》和《1984》这两部传世名作，为我们留下了'老大哥在看着你'等经典警句。

These experiences led him to write his most famous novels, Animal Farm and 1984, giving us enduring phrases like big brother is watching you.

立即订阅《帝国》播客，收听我们的迷你剧系列。

To listen to our miniseries now, subscribe to Empire wherever you get your podcasts.