648. 印加帝国的陷落：圣城之战（第五部分）

这支远征队简直丢尽了脸。

They absolutely disgrace themselves, this expedition.

有一位名叫克里斯托瓦尔·德·莫利纳的神父与他们同行，他说，任何不愿自愿跟随西班牙人的原住民都会被用绳索和铁链绑着强行带走。

There's a priest called Cristobal de Molina who is with them, and he said, any natives who would not accompany the Spaniards voluntarily were taken along bound in ropes and chains.

西班牙人每天晚上把他们关押在极其简陋的监狱里，白天则强迫他们负重前行，许多人因饥饿而濒临死亡。

The Spaniards imprisoned them in very rough prisons every night, and led them by day, heavily loaded and dying of hunger.

于是他们组成了庞大的锁链劳工队。

So they've got these huge chain gangs.

当有人在锁链队中死去时——这种情况频繁发生，因为他们筋疲力尽、饥饿口渴——西班牙人表现得极其残忍。

When somebody dies in the chain gang, which they do all the time because they're exhausted, they're hungry, thirsty, whatever, the Spaniards are decently very horrible.

他们会砍下已死之人的头颅，却让尸体仍然拴在锁链上。

They cut the heads off these people who have died, but they leave the bodies still attached to the chain.

因此，当你艰难跋涉时，不得不拖着一具尸体前进。

So as you're trudging along, you're having to kind of drag this corpse.

拖着一具尸体，它可能在你前面、后面，或者锁链的两端都有。

Drag this corpse, which could be in front of you, behind you, in the chain, both.

我的意思是，这实在太可怕了。

I mean, it's pretty horrible.

他们到达了玻利维亚南部，此时，随行的大祭司维拉库穆背叛了他们，返回了库斯科。

They get to Southern Bolivia, and at this point, the high priest, Vilakumu, who's gone with them, desserts, and he goes back to Cusco.

他急忙赶回库斯科。

He rushes back to Cusco.

他到达库斯科后，见到了门科，说：这些人简直是渣滓。

He gets to Cusco, and he meets up with Menko, and he says, these people are absolute scum.

他们的行为极其恶劣。

They're behaving terribly badly.

你知道，我们不能这样活下去。

You know, we can't live like this.

我们不能一辈子都活在痛苦和奴役中。

We cannot spend our entire lives in misery and subjection.

让我们为自由而死，为那些他们不断夺走并虐待的妻子和孩子们而死。

Let us die for our liberty and for the wives and children whom they continually take from us and abuse.

关于这些伟大的引述，我想说一点。

I will say one thing about all these tremendous quotations.

其中一些引述出自我认为接受过古典教育的人。

Some of these are by people who I think had had classical educations.

所以，如果你觉得印加人说话的方式和我们在迦太基系列中听到的人很相似，这可能就是原因。

So if it strikes you as the Incas are speaking very much like people spoke in our Carthage series, this is probably the explanation.

无论如何，曼科于1535年11月召集了这次重要会议。

Anyway, Manco summons this great meeting, November 1535.

而且，你知道吗，汤姆，你开头提到的那段话，非常、非常像迦太基人的抵抗，不是吗？

And, actually, you know, that speech that you began with, Tom, is very, very, you know, Carthaginian resistance or something, isn't it?

然而，这个说法是由一位名叫泰奥·德·莱昂的编年史家记录下来的，他说他从一个叫阿利马切的仆人那里获得了目击证词。

However, it was reported to us by a chronicler called Theo de Leon, and he said he had an eyewitness account from a servant called Alimache.

哦，原来是这样。

Oh, well then.

那它一定是真的。

So it must be true.

他有一个录音设备。

And he had a recording device.

没错。

Exactly.

这基本上是一份文字记录。

It's basically a transcript.

曼科说，我把你们这些亲戚召来，是想在为时已晚之前、在更多外国人加入他们之前，告诉你们我对这些外国人的看法。

Manco said, you know, I've sent for you my kinsmen to tell you what I think about these foreigners before it's too late, before more foreigners join them.

他们这时才意识到这一点。

They're waking up to that then.

是的。

They are.

还有更多外国人正在到来，因为弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗正在利马沿海地区行动。

There are more foreigners coming because that's what Francisco Pizarro is doing on the coast at Lima.

他基本上正在建立一个基地，以便人们沿着太平洋航行抵达时有个落脚点。

He's basically preparing a base for people to arrive as they sail down the Pacific.

西曼卡逐条复述了你在本集开头提到的所有要点。

Simanca runs through all the bullet points that you did at the beginning of the episode.

西班牙人贪恋黄金，对待女性的方式，恶劣的行为，最后是那句振奋人心的结语：我们将竭尽全力杀死他们，否则就死在尝试中。

Spaniards lust for gold, treatments of women, poor behavior, and then the, stirring final line, we'll strive with all our might to kill them, or we will die in the attempt.

假如你对曼科持敌对态度，你可能会说：如果他早在一年前就意识到这一点，他本可以与阿塔瓦尔帕的旧将领结盟。

And I suppose what you would say if you were being hostile to Manco is, if only he'd realized this a year earlier, he could have teamed up with Atawalpa's old generals.

这样他就能让鲁明·亚维带着他的鼓、他的‘人鼓’站在自己这边。

So he could have had Rumin Yawi with his drum, his human drum on his side.

但可惜的是，他试图利用西班牙人对付他们，因此他只能孤军奋战。

But alas, he tried to use the Spaniards against them, and so he's gonna be doing this on his own.

所以，在这次会面后的那个夜晚，曼科和他的随从趁夜色悄悄离开库斯科，发动抵抗。

So that night after this meeting, Manco and his entourage slip out of Cusco under cover of darkness to launch the resistance.

但他们被出卖了，因为他们的一个仆人是皮萨罗兄弟的间谍。

But they are betrayed because one of their servants was a spy for the Pizarro brothers.

曼科一离开，这个仆人就立刻跑去告诉胡安和冈萨洛·皮萨罗：是的，曼科走了。

As soon as Manco is gone, this servant rushes off to Juan and Gonzalo Pizarro, and he says, yeah, Manco's Manco's gone.

于是他们骑马追击，在库斯科以南的道路上发现了大量印加人。

So they ride off in pursuit, and they find on the road south of out of Cuzco, loads of Incas.

他们问：‘你们是跟曼科一起的吗？’

And they say, were you with Manco?

曼科去哪儿了？

Where did Manco go?

但这些印加人一言不发。

And they the Incas don't answer.

于是他们抓起其中一人，据西班牙编年史记载，他们巧妙地折磨他，直到他大声喊出：印加人没走这条路。

So they seized one of them, and according to the Spanish chroniclers, tortured him astutely until he gave a great shout saying the Inca was not going that way.

你怎么能‘巧妙地’折磨一个人？

How do you torture someone astutely?

嗯，汤姆，我的意思是，你懂的，你懂的。

Well, Tom, I mean, if you know, you know.

你懂的。

You know.

是的

Yeah.

所以他们用这根绳子对他进行了巧妙的折磨，那人终于大喊出来，他没走那条路。

So they've tortured him astutely with this rope, and the guy finally shouts out, he's not going that way.

实际上，曼科确实是走那条路了。

Well, actually, Manco has gone that way.

他们在山谷尽头的芦苇丛中找到了躲藏的他。

They find him hiding in some reeds at the end of the valley.

现在他们把曼科拖了回去。

Now they drag Manco back.

记住，曼科是萨帕·印加，太阳之子。

Remember, Manco is the Sapa Inca, the son of the sun.

这表明西班牙人对他的尊重已彻底堕落为彻底的蔑视。

And this shows the extent to which the Spanish respect has completely degenerated into total contempt.

因为他们把他拖回去，把他扔进监狱，脖子上套着锁链，脚上戴着脚镣，还对他非常恶劣地对待。

Because they drag him back, they throw him into prison with a chain around his neck and shackles on his feet, and then they treat him very badly.

这些都来自西班牙人的记载。

So these are from Spanish sources.

对吧？

Right?

这是迭戈·德·纳格罗的儿子。

This is Diego Del Nagro's son.

他们往他脸上撒尿和吐口水。

They urinated and spat in his face.

他们殴打他。

They struck and beat him.

他们称他为狗。

They called him a dog.

他们用锁链拴着他的脖子，把他关在公共场所，任人来往经过。

They kept him with a chain round his neck in a public place where people passed.

这位就是神父克里斯托瓦尔·德·莫利纳。

This is that priest, Cristobal de Molina.

他们抢走了他所有的东西，让他一无所有。

They stole everything he had, leaving him nothing.

他们把他关在监狱里很多天，日夜看守。

They kept him in prison for many days, guarded day and night.

他们极其卑劣地对待他，往他身上撒尿，和他妻子同寝，他深感痛苦。

They treated him very, very disgracefully, urinating on him and sleeping with his wives, and he was deeply distressed.

他们反复提及往他身上撒尿这件事，显然这确实发生了，因为他们的描述太频繁了。

The whole urinating on him thing, I mean, that seems clearly did happen because the way they keep harping on about it.

正是如此。

Precisely.

这种细节在十六世纪的记载中并不常见。

And it's not a detail you often see in sixteenth century accounts.

他们还做了一件可怕的事，用蜡烛烧他的睫毛，对他大喊：‘狗，把金子交出来！’

They also do a terrible thing where they burn his eyelashes with a candle, shouting at him, dog, give us gold.

不然，你就被烧死。

If not, you will be burned.

所以基本上，他们就是在折磨他。

So basically, they're just torturing him.

我的意思是，他们一直在折磨和虐待他。

I mean, they're they're tormenting and torturing him.

敏锐地。

Astutely.

这个消息显然传开了，因为现在全国各地都爆发了起义。

The word obviously spreads because there are now uprisings across the countryside.

有报告称，当西班牙人前往他们的庄园收取贡品时，当地人会起来反抗并攻击他们。

There are reports coming in that when Spaniards go out to their estates to collect their tribute, the locals are rising up and attacking them.

总共有大约30名西班牙人被杀。

About 30 Spaniards in total are killed.

冈萨洛和胡安·皮萨罗骑马离开城市，进行极其残酷的报复。

Gonzalo and Juan Pizarro ride out of the city to exact really horrendous reprisals.

他们烧死了很多人。

There's lots of burning people alive.

还有很多砍断人们手臂和腿的事情，诸如此类的暴行。

There's lots of cutting people's arms and legs off, all of this kind of thing.

到了1536年1月，情况发生了一点变化，因为他们的大哥埃尔南多从西班牙回来了。

And then in January 1536, there's a little bit of a change because their older brother, Hernando, returns from Spain.

你可能还记得，皮萨罗曾派埃尔南多去西班牙，把黄金呈献给查理五世。

Now you may remember that Pizarro had sent Hernando to Spain to take the gold to the court to show Charles the fifth.

埃尔南多完成了这项任务，非常成功，这对皮萨罗派系大有裨益。

And Hernando had done this, and it was very successful, and it had been very good for the Pizarro faction.

现在他回来了。

Ananda has now returned.

如果你还记得，他以前和阿塔瓦尔帕关系相当不错。

He had previously, if you remember, been quite pally with Atawalpa.

他似乎比他那些粗鲁无礼的兄弟们对当地人更富有同情心。

And he does seem to have been a little bit more sympathetic to the locals than his boorishly behaved brothers.

于是他抵达库斯科，问道：这都是怎么回事？

So he arrives in Cusco, and he says, what's all this?

你知道，我们需要稍微改一改记录。

You know, we need to change the record a bit.

于是他去见了刚被释放的曼科。

So he goes to see Manko, who's recently been released.

他以极大的礼貌对待他。

He treats him a great courtesy.

他说，你知道，我刚和查理五世谈过。

He says, you know, I've been speaking to Charles the fifth.

查理五世非常尊重你。

Charles the fifth really respects you.

事情有点失控了，对不起，对此我感到很抱歉。

Things have got a little bit out of hand, and, you know, I'm I'm I'm sorry about that.

我们可以重新开始。

We can start again.

不幸的是，如果你还有点自尊，我觉得一旦被人撒尿，或者有人睡了你的妻子，就再也无法回头了

Unfortunately, if you have any self respect as a person, I feel like if you've been urinated on, if somebody has slept with your wives There's no coming

从那以后真的就结束了，是吧？

back from that really, is there?

你不可能重新开始。

You can't start again.

你不能，你知道的，让过去的事就让它过去。

You can't let you can't, you know, let bygones be bygones.

所以，在1536年初，曼科开始和他的兄弟、大祭司维拉库穆密谋。

So Manko, in the early months of 1536, starts plotting with his brother, the high priest Vilakumu.

他们制定了计划。

And they make their plans.

到雨季结束时，也就是三月底，消息已经传开了。

By the end of the rainy season, which is late March, the word has gone out.

我们要秘密制造武器，让人们囤积食物和补给。

We'll make weapons in secret, get people to stockpile food and supplies.

然后在四月，他们通过精美的结绳记事——基普乌，向帝国各地传递消息。

And then in April, they send messages out across the empire with their lovely knotted strings, the khipus.

他们说，事情开始了。

They say, this is on.

我们要干了。

We're gonna do this.

我们要发动一场大规模的起义。

We're gonna have a massive uprising.

集结地点将是尤凯山谷中的一个叫拉雷斯的地方，那是神圣山谷，位于库斯科以北15英里处。

The muster point will be a place called Lares in the Yukai Valley, the sacred valley, 15 miles north of Cusco.

问题是，曼科还记得上次他试图逃离城市时，曾巧妙地使用了绳索。

And the question is, how is Manko remember when he tried to get out of the city last time, there was action with astute use of ropes.

是的。

Yeah.

这次他打算怎么逃出去？

How is he gonna get out this time?

他想出了一个非常聪明的主意。

He has a very a clever wheeze.

他利用西班牙人的贪婪来对付他们。

He uses the Spanish greed against them.

他去找埃尔南多，说：我的兄弟，大祭司维拉库穆和我想去神圣谷地参加一个宗教节日。

He goes to Hernando, and he says, my brother, the high priest, Vilakumu, and I would like to go to a religious festival in the Sacred Valley.

而且，如果你允许我们去，他们那里有一座我父亲瓦伊纳·卡帕克的巨大金像，我很希望你能拥有它。

And, actually, if you let us go, they've got a giant golden statue of my father, Juana Capac, and I'd love you to have it.

埃尔南多说：哦，既然这样，你们怎么还没走呢？

And and Hando says, oh, well, in that case, why haven't you left already?

天哪。

My goodness.

当然，你们可以去。

Of course, you can go.

因此，在复活节前的星期三，做完弥撒后，曼科和维拉库穆离开了城市。

So on the Wednesday before Easter after mass, Manco and Villacuma go out the city.

在路上，他们遇到了另一位非常可疑的征服者。

Now on the way, they meet another conquistador who's very suspicious.

你们要去哪儿？

Where are you going off to?

曼科说：哦，我们有什么？

And Manco says, oh, what have we got?

我们在那些山里发现了一些隐藏的黄金，打算去把它取出来。

We found some hidden gold in those hills, and we're gonna go and get it.

哦，原来如此。

Oh, well then.

祝你好运。

Good luck.

他们到达了拉雷斯，所有重要的印加酋长都在那里。

So they get to Lares, and all the big Inca chiefs are there.

还有更多鼓舞人心的演讲。

And there are loads more of these rousing speeches.

他们都发了誓。

They all swear an oath.

我们要把西班牙人赶出我们的国家，否则就死在尝试中。

We'll drive the Spaniards out of our country or die in the attempt.

实际上，曼科很高兴地发现，他当地的酋长、指挥官和头面人物为他做了出色的工作。

And, actually, Manko is delighted to discover that his local sort of chiefs and commanders and bigwigs have done him a great job.

他们聚集了大约十万人，并设法为他们配备了武器和食物。

They have gathered about a 100,000 people, and they have somehow armed them and fed them.

这些人来自各地。

These people have come from the land.

他们大多是农民和普通百姓，但已经被分发了棍棒之类的武器。

So they're peasants and farmers and stuff, but they've been given clubs and whatnot.

还有弹弓。

And slings.

对吧？

Right?

弹弓。

Slings.

没错。

Exactly.

他们现在位于首都之外。

And they are outside the capital.

正如约翰·海明斯在他的精彩著作中所说，这是印加人组织才能的最后一次伟大体现。

And as John Hemings says in his brilliant book, this is the last great tribute to the Incas genius for organization.

这是一个非常自上而下、高度集体主义的帝国，而这是他们最后一次大规模动员人民的努力。

It was a very top down, very collectivist kind of empire, and this is their last great effort at mobilizing the people.

因此，到复活节星期六，他们已向库斯科周围的山坡推进。

So by Easter Saturday, they are moving onto the slopes around Cusco.

这些数量庞大的人群。

These giant, giant numbers of people.

西班牙人向外望去。

And the Spaniards look out.

其中一人说，士兵如此之多，几乎覆盖了所有田野。

One of them says, there were so many troops, they covered all the fields.

白天，他们看起来像一张黑色的地毯，覆盖了城市周围半里格范围内的所有地方。

By day, they looked like a black carpet covering everything for half a league around the city.

到了晚上，营火多得让大地看起来像布满繁星的晴朗夜空。

And by night, there were so many campfires that the land looked like a clear sky filled with stars.

在复活节星期六，印加诺得到了消息。

On Easter Saturday, Inando gets word.

他不敢相信这一切。

He can't believe this.

你知道吗，他的兄弟们有多蠢，竟然让他失望并挑起了这场起义。

You know, what idiots his brothers were to let him down and provoke this uprising.

他召集了库斯科的西班牙人开会，说：好吧，我们只能抵抗了。

And he calls the Spaniards of Cusco to a meeting, and he says, well, we're just gonna have to resist.

你知道，我们不会向这场起义屈服。

You know, we're not gonna give in to this.

但城里最多只有大约200名西班牙人，他们还拥有500名本地辅助部队。

But there's only about 200 Spaniards maximum in the city, and they've got 500 native auxiliaries.

这些是不喜欢印加人的民族，比如卡纳里人和查查波亚人。

So these are ethnic groups who don't like the Incas, the Canari and the Chachapoya.

但他们面对的可能是十万人。

But they're against maybe a 100,000 people.

我的意思是，这形势并不有利。

I mean, these are not good odds.

埃尔南多下令说，印加人一向害怕我们的骑兵。

Hernando orders he says, well, the Incas are always frightened of our cavalry.

我们派出马匹吧。

We'll send out our horses.

但这一次，印加人数量太多，马匹在人群中根本无法 maneuver。

But for the first time, the Incas are there in such numbers that the horses can't maneuver in the crush.

于是他们被迫退回城内，而印加人不断推进，一直推进到城外扎营。

So they're basically pushed back into the city, and the Incas advance and advance and advance till they're camped right outside the walls.

然后我们听说他们羞辱西班牙人，原话是：抬起光腿对着他们，以示极度蔑视。

And then we're told they taunted the Spaniards, and I quote, raising their bare legs at them to show how much they despised them.

那么那里到底发生了什么？

So what's going on there?

如果你见过任何一个秘鲁人向你露出大腿，你就明白了

Well, if you've ever met a Peruvian who's bared his legs at you, you know

哦，原来他们是在做这个。

Oh, that's what they were doing.

是的。

Yeah.

没错。

Exactly.

你不可能假装这种事情从来没发生过。

You can't pretend that's never happened to you.

因此，在5月6日黎明时分，曼科下令发动进攻，场面十分壮观。

And so at dawn on the May 6, Manco orders the assault, and it is a tremendous scene.

非常好莱坞。

Very Hollywood.

太阳升起时，印加人从山坡上冲了下来。

The sun rises, and as it does so, the Incas charge down the hillsides.

他们冲破了西班牙人的防线。

They smash through the Spanish defenses.

他们杀入通往城市的狭窄小巷。

They fight their way into the narrow alleys that lead into the city.

他们突破了西班牙人的路障和木栅。

They break through the Spanish barricades and palisades.

他们击退了驻军，杀入了中央广场。

They drive back the garrison, and they fight their way into the central square.

与此同时，印加人拥有一种新武器——秘密武器。

And all the time, the Incas have this new weapon, a secret weapon.

他们一直提到自己的投石索。

They'd always you mentioned their slings.

他们一直非常依赖投石索，但现在他们已经开始在营火中加热石块。

They'd always relied very heavily on their slingshots, but now they've been heating the stones in their campfires.

他们用棉花包裹住石头，然后将它们射向库斯科的茅草屋顶。

They've been wrapping them in cotton wool, and then they send them flying onto the thatched roofs of Cusco.

一位西班牙编年史家记载，那天风势强劲，由于房屋屋顶都是茅草，一瞬间整座城市仿佛变成了一片巨大的火海。

And a Spanish chronicle says, there was a strong wind that day, and as the roofs of the houses were thatched, it seemed at one moment as if the city were one great sheet of flame.

于是，巨大的黑色烟云开始从城市上空升腾而起。

So these huge black clouds of smoke start rising above the city.

西班牙人陷入彻底的混乱，无法在浓烟中呼吸。

The Spanish from total chaos, they can't breathe through the smoke.

他们听不见士兵的命令，因为攻击者的呐喊声、火焰的咆哮声震耳欲聋，他们被一步步逼退。

They can't hear their men's orders because of the din from the attackers, the roar of the fires, and they're being driven further and further and further back.

正如曼科之子蒂图·库西所写，他们以为这将是生命的最后时刻。

And as Manco's son, Titucuzzi, wrote, they feared that these were to be the last moments of their lives.

他们看不到任何援军的希望，也不知该如何是好。

They could see no hope of relief, and they did not know what to do.

天哪。

My goodness.

所以，这是西班牙在秘鲁统治的终结吗？

So is this the end of Spanish rule in Peru?

这是印加帝国的复兴吗？

Is this the restoration of the Incan Empire?

只有一个办法能知道答案，那就是广告结束后继续关注我们。

Only one way to find out, and that is to join us again after a break.

本集由Vanguard赞助播出。

This episode is brought to you by Vanguard.

现在，多米尼克，历史上充满了那些许诺一切却最终让人极度失望的人。

Now, Dominic, history is full of examples of people who have promised the world and then got very badly let down.

你能想到一个具体的例子吗？

Can you think of a particular example?

我能。

I can.

我能想到几个例子，汤姆。

I can think of a couple of examples, Tom.

我们刚刚录制了一档关于印加帝国覆灭的系列节目。

So we've just been recording a series about the fall of the Incas.

而负责的西班牙征服者弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗，首先背叛了他的商业伙伴迭戈·德·阿马戈，然后令人震惊的是，他

And Francisco Pizarro, who was the Spanish conquistador in charge, first of all, he betrayed his business partner, Diego de Amagro, and then shockingly, he

背叛了印加皇帝阿塔瓦尔帕。

betrayed the Inca emperor Atahualpa.

好了，多米尼克，我能问你一个问题吗？

Well, Dominic, can I ask you a question?

如果阿塔瓦尔帕当时在先锋公司手中，你觉得先锋会让他失望吗？

Had Atahualpa been in the hands of Vanguard, do you think that Vanguard would have let him down?

不会。

No.

关于先锋公司，它建立在一个核心原则上，那就是将投资者放在首位。

The thing about Vanguard, Vanguard was founded on one core principle, and that principle is putting investors first.

汤姆，五十多年来，先锋公司一直为全球数百万客户兑现着这一承诺。

Tom, for more than fifty years, Vanguard have been delivering on that promise for millions of clients worldwide.

你知道最精彩的是什么吗？

And do know what's brilliant?

你也可以开设一个ISA或自投资个人养老金账户，自己选择投资产品，或者让先锋基金为你选择和管理。

You too can open an ISA or a self invested personal pension, and you can choose investments yourself, or you can let Vanguard choose and manage them for you.

请搜索‘先锋投资者’以了解更多信息，投资有风险，且适用税收规则。

So search Vanguard Investor to find out more when investing your capital is at risk and tax rules apply.

大家好，欢迎回到《历史其余部分》。

Hello, everyone, and welcome back to The Rest is History.

公元1536年5月，印加皇帝曼科的军队发动了对库斯科的进攻，当时仅有不到200名西班牙人被困在城中。

It is May 1536, and the troops of Manco, the Incan emperor, have launched their assault on Cusco where a very small number of Spaniards, fewer than 200, are trapped.

这座城市正在燃烧。

The city is burning.

多米尼克，这对埃尔南多·皮萨罗和他的部下来说是末日吗？

Dominic, is this the end for Hernando Pizarro and his men?

嗯，这确实是库斯科某种特定形态的终结。

Well, it's definitely the end for a particular version of Cusco.

库斯科原本是一座美丽的城市，但正如约翰·赫明所说，它已被为阿塔瓦尔帕赎金而洗劫，又被西班牙掠夺者洗劫一空，如今正被自己的人民焚烧。

So Cusco, a beautiful city, but now as John Hemming says, stripped for Ataralpa's ransom, ransacked by Spanish looters, and it's now being burned by its own people.

西班牙人已被逼退到中央广场。

And the Spanish have been pushed right back into the central square.

正如你所说，他们被围困了，这确实是他们最黑暗的时刻。

They as you say, they are trapped, and this really is their darkest hour.

不过，广场的一侧并没有着火，因为那里相对空旷。

One side of the square, though, is not burning because it's relatively open.

那里几乎没有建筑物。

There aren't many buildings there.

因此，这成了他们躲避浓烟和火焰的逃生之地。

So this is their kind of escape from the smoke and the flames.

他们逃到广场东端的两座宏伟建筑中避难。

And they take refuge in two great buildings at the eastern end of the square.

令人惊讶的是，印加人并没有成功点燃这两座建筑。

Amazingly, the Incas don't man these are two buildings that the Incas don't manage to set fire to.

后来，一些西班牙作家称这是因为神迹干预。

Now later on, some Spanish writers said this was because of divine intervention.

是圣母。

It's the Virgin.

圣母玛利亚，身披蓝色斗篷，现身扑灭了大火。

The Virgin Mary, a blue cloak, intervened to put out the fires.

她带着许多白色毯子。

She had a load of white blankets.

她出现后，将这些白色毯子扔在火焰上，从而救了西班牙人。

So she appeared and threw these white blankets over the flames, and this saved the Spaniards.

很抱歉，我不希望让我们的天主教听众失望，但我相信这至少是百年后才编造出来的故事。

I'm sorry to say, I don't want to disappoint our Catholic listeners, but I believe this is a later invention at least a hundred years later.

曼科·印加的儿子不是说，西班牙人曾在屋顶上安置了非洲奴隶，让他们用桶泼水吗？

Didn't Mankoinka's son say that the Spaniards had placed African slaves on the roofs with buckets of water?

是的。

Yeah.

所以这完全合理。

So that's perfectly plausible.

没那么戏剧化，但正如你所说，

Slightly less dramatic, but probably, as you say,

更有可能。

more plausible.

你提到的这一点很好，因为实际上，在整个故事中，几乎肯定有一些非洲奴隶在场。

It's a good point that you made there because, actually, throughout this story, there are almost certainly some African slaves on hand.

我们知道西班牙人已经开始引进人口。

We know that the Spanish had started to import people.

他们从中美洲南下。

They're coming down from Central America.

在史料中，你几乎看不到他们的身影，但我认为你必须想象他们始终在那里。

And that you don't really get many glimpses of them in the sources, but I think you have to imagine that they're always there.

所以这也有运气的成分。

So there's luck.

发生了残酷的近身搏斗。

There's brutal hand to hand fighting.

到了夜幕降临时，局势已成定局。

And basically, by nightfall, the pattern is set.

西班牙人被围困在库斯科市中心的一个小角落里。

The Spaniards are hemmed into this small corner of Cusco's city centre.

印加人则在他们周围扎营。

The Incas are encamped around them.

这让人想起特诺奇蒂特兰的围城战，尤其是那些还记得我们关于阿兹特克帝国覆灭系列节目的人。

It feels very like the siege of Tenochtitlan, for people who remember our series about the fall of the Aztecs.

在接下来的六天左右，西班牙人如一位作家所言，日复一日地进行着艰苦而危险的战斗，缓慢地从他们的小小堡垒向外推进。

For the next six days or so, the Spanish fight days, as one writer puts it, of strenuous toil and danger, slowly sort of pushing out from their little redoubt.

仍然有一些印加人站在他们一边，对吧？

There are Incas still who are siding with them, aren't there?

即使在库斯科也是如此。

Even in Cusco.

所以他们并不是完全孤立的。

So it's not like they are completely isolated.

对。

No.

与此同时，还发生着一场印加内战。

There is an element of an Incan civil war going on at the same time.

坦比利亚人。

The Tambilias.

在史料中很难窥见他们的踪迹。

Again, very hard to glimpse in the sources.

但我们得知，例如，曼科的一些亲兄弟站在了西班牙人一边。

But we are told that, for example, some of Manco's own brothers side with the Spaniards.

所以在整个这段历史中，你指出这一点是完全正确的。

So throughout this whole story I mean, you're dead right to point this out.

在整个这段历史中，事情并不是简单的西班牙人对抗印加人。

Throughout this whole story, it's not a simple matter of Spaniards versus Incas.

这是西班牙人、印加人，以及其他一些原住民在对抗印加人和其他原住民群体。

It is Spaniards and Incas and other, you know, indigenous peoples fighting Incas and other indigenous groups.

这简直是一场大混战。

It's just a massive punch up.

基本上，是的。

Basically, yes.

大家都在互相打斗。

Everyone's fighting each other.

他们都在互相厮杀。

They are all fighting each other.

一些西班牙人对埃尔南多说，你知道，我们的处境极其不利。

Some of the Spaniards say to Hernando, you know, the odds are massively against us.

我们应该突围出城，前往海岸。

We should break out the city and make for the coast.

埃尔南多说了一句精彩的话。

Hernando has the excellent line.

他说，不。

He says, no.

我们应该反击。

We should fight back.

与其像猪一样在这里等死，不如战斗而死。

Better to die fighting than to perish here like hogs.

像猪一样。

Like hogs.

是的。

Yeah.

我觉得这像是美国译者的翻译，对吧？

I think I feel that's an American translator, isn't it?

所以埃尔南多说，听好了。

So Hernando says, listen.

我们在这里就像活靶子，因为印加人已经占据了萨克塞瓦曼城堡，那座城堡位于一块俯瞰城市中心的岩石突起上。

We're kinda sitting ducks here because the Incas have taken up a position in the Citadel Of Saxehuaman, which is on this kind of rock spur that overlooks the city center.

对吧？

Right?

这座堡垒，这座城堡，是由传奇的印加帝国扩张者帕查库蒂建造的。

And this fortress, this citadel, had been built by Pachacuti, the legendary sort of, great Inca imperialist.

这是一座堡垒。

It's a fortress.

这同时也是一座神庙。

It's also a temple.

这是一个巨大的仓库。

It's a huge storehouse.

这是一个关键的战略要地。

It's this key strategic location.

西班牙人对萨克塞瓦曼城堡的记载称，它拥有巨大的石墙。

And Spanish accounts of the Citadel Of Sacsayhuaman said that it had massive stone walls.

它还有这些巨大的塔楼。

It had these huge towers.

它有一系列错综复杂的隧道。

It had a labyrinth of tunnels.

西班牙作家加尔西拉索·德·拉·维加说，这是世界七大奇迹之一。

The Spanish writer, Garthelasso de la Vega, said, it's one of the wonders of the world.

在西班牙和欧洲，没有任何东西能与之相比。

There was nothing like it in Spain and Europe.

它如此庞大，一定是魔鬼帮忙才建起来的。

It was so vast, the devil himself must have helped to build it.

实际上，它是通过强迫劳动建造的。

Actually, it was built by forced labor.

赫南德兹说，没错。

And Hernandez says, right.

我们必须夺回这里。

We have to capture this back.

他们可以从这座城堡向我们发射导弹。

They can rain down missiles on us from this citadel.

所以计划是他的兄弟胡安将率领五十名骑兵发动进攻。

So the plan is that his brother Juan will lead the attack with 50 horsemen.

他们会冲破敌军的防线。

They'll burst through the enemy lines.

他们会冲上山坡，夺取城堡。

They'll charge up the hill and capture the citadel.

这简直就像《指环王》中海尔姆深谷的战术，而且开头还有一个非常典型的海尔姆深谷场景。

It's a very kind of Helm's Deep plan, and there's a very Helm's Deep scene to kick it all off.

后来的一份印加史料记载，西班牙人那一整夜都跪在地上，双手合十祈祷。

So a later Inca source says, the Spaniards spent the whole of that night on their knees with their hands clasped in prayer.

就连在广场上值勤的士兵也是如此，许多站在他们一边的印第安人也一样。

Even those on guard in the square did the same, as did many Indians who were on their side.

第二天清晨，天刚破晓，他们从教堂里出来，跨上马背。

On the following morning at dawn, they emerged from the church and mounted their horses.

突然间，他们策马加鞭，全速冲破敌阵，以惊人的速度冲上山坡。

Suddenly, they put spur to their horses and at full gallop broke through the enemy and charged up the hillside at breakneck speed.

所以非常激动人心。

So very exciting.

石头和投掷物像雨点般砸向他们，但他们沿着山坡 zigzag 前进。

Stones and missiles are kind of raining down on them, but they zigzag up the hill.

他们抵达了梯田。

They reach the terraces.

他们在山顶的村庄处右转，最终到达了城堡前的阅兵场。

They turn right at the village on the top of the hill, and they finally end up in the parade ground in front of the citadel.

在这里，印加人设置了路障，但胡安·皮萨罗和他的兄弟冈萨洛率领骑兵一次次冲锋。

And here, Incas have put up barricades, but Juan Pizarro and his brother Gonzalo lead the horsemen and charge after charge.

一些马匹受伤了。

Some of the horses are wounded.

一些西班牙人被甩下马背，但他们成功突破了路障，一直冲到了堡垒的大门前。

Some of the Spaniards are thrown from the horses, but they manage to break through the barricades and get all the way to the fortress gate.

现在已是傍晚时分，他们精疲力尽。

Now it's now late afternoon, and they're knackered.

印加人正从下方投掷标枪和弹石之类的武器。

The Incas are raiding down these kind of javelins and sling stones and stuff.

胡安的侍童被一块巨石击中身亡。

Juan's page boy is killed by this huge stone.

胡安·皮萨罗前一天被投石器击中，脸部肿胀得无法戴上头盔。

Juan Pizarro himself had been hit the day before by a slingshot missile, and his face was so swollen that he couldn't wear his helmet.

天哪。

Oh, dear.

太不明智了。

Unwise.

但他对西班牙人说：日落前再发动一次进攻。

But he says to the Spaniards, one more attack before nightfall.

这就需要如此。

That's what it takes.

他们策马前进。

And they spur their horses.

他们冲向城门。

They race for the gates.

他们的投掷物再次如雨点般落下。

Their missiles are raining down again.

接着，一块巨大的石头击中了胡安·皮萨罗的头部。

And then a massive stone smacks into Juan Pizarro's head.

天哪。

Oh my god.

就像一个煮熟的鸡蛋被砸碎一样。

So like an egg, a boiled egg being smashed.

没错。

Exactly.

他摇晃了一下。

He totters.

他从马上摔了下来。

He falls off his horse.

他显然受了严重的伤。

He's clearly hideously wounded.

西班牙人停止了冲锋。

The Spanish break off their charge.

他们冲到他身边，把他抬下山，送往库斯科。

They rush to his side, they carry him down the hill to Cuzco.

因此，他撑过了一夜，并口述了遗嘱。

So he clings to life overnight, and he dictates a will.

他说，我把所有战利品都留给我的兄弟冈萨洛。

And he says, I leave all my plunder to my brother Gonzalo.

他留下一些钱用于宗教捐赠。

He leaves some money to religious bequests.

他留下一些钱给穷人。

He leaves some money to the poor.

但这时他真的让自己彻底垮了。

But now he really lets himself down.

你可能记得，他曾把那个和他同寝的年轻女孩关起来，她是个公主。

You may remember he had locked up this young girl who he was sleeping with, who was a princess.

他说，我什么都不留给她。

And he said, I leave nothing to her.

我的意思是，他真的说了这话。

I mean, he actually said this.

我的天，她在临死之际，他居然说出这种话，真是个混蛋。

I mean, what a what a bastard to say this as she's dying.

我什么都不留给她。

I leave nothing to her.

他称她为一个生了个女孩的印第安女人，而他不承认那个女孩是他的女儿。

He called her an Indian woman who has given birth to a girl whom I do not recognize as my daughter.

正如你所说，他至死都是个彻头彻尾的混蛋。

As you say, an absolute bastard to the end.

是的。

Yeah.

然后他就死了。

And then he died.

我的意思是，完全没必要。

I mean, so unnecessary.

是的。

Yeah.

但我觉得，他是西班牙的一个负面典型。

But he's a bad advert for Spain, I think.

于是第二天，胡安悲痛欲绝的弟弟冈萨洛率领了另一次进攻。

So the next day, Juan's devastated brother, Gonzalo, leads another assault.

精彩的戏剧场面。

Great drama.

所有人都在喊叫，他们纠缠在一起，争夺山顶。

Everyone was shouting, they were all entangled together, fighting for the hilltop.

看起来整个世界都在那里进行着近身搏斗。

It looked as though the whole world was up there grappling in close combat.

夜幕降临时，埃尔南多加入了进攻。

And as night's falling, Hernando joins the assault.

他一整天都在制作攀爬梯子。

He's spent the day making scaling ladders.

这种技术是印加人所不具备的，但西班牙人当然从他们在旧世界的战斗中早已熟悉。

Again, the kind of technology that the Incas don't really have, but the Spanish, of course, are used to from their fighting in the old world.

在密集的石雨之下，西班牙人开始攀爬外围城墙。

And under this hail of stones, the Spanish start to scale the outer walls.

这again非常险峻。

Again, it is very Helms deep.

随后，当他们将印加人逼退至内堡时，爆发了激烈的近身肉搏战。

And then there's this ferocious hand to hand fighting as they drive the Incas back to the inner citadel.

战斗持续了接下来的两天。

The fighting goes on for the next two days.

内堡的指挥官名叫蒂图库齐·瓦尔帕，他发誓要战斗至死。

The commander of the citadel was a man called Titucuzi Gualpa, and he had sworn to fight to the death.

他被西班牙人的箭射中了两次，但这并没有让他退缩。

He's hit twice by Spanish arrows, but it doesn't deter him.

据记载，他像一头狮子一样在塔楼两侧来回走动。

He strides around, we're told, like a lion from side to side of the tower.

他击退了所有试图使用云梯攀爬的西班牙人。

He repulsed any Spaniards who tried to mount with scaling ladders.

他杀死了所有试图投降的印第安人。

He killed any Indians who tried to surrender.

他用随身携带的战斧砸碎他们的头颅，然后把他们从塔顶扔了下去。

He smashed their heads with the battle axe he was carrying and hurled them from the top of the tower.

所以，他简直就像二战时期斯大林的政委一样。

So basically, like one of Stalin's commissars or something in the second world war.

简单来说，只要你稍有退缩，他就会用斧头把你劈了。

Basically, if you falter, he'll smash it over there with an axe.

我倒是更觉得他像金雳。

I was thinking more like Gimli.

但吉姆利不会从自己这边打人的头，然后把他们扔下塔去。

Gimli doesn't hit people on the head from his own side, though, and throw them off the tower.

总之，吉姆利不会这么做。

Anyway, Gimli doesn't do this.

西班牙人开始投入他们自己的本地辅助部队。

The Spanish start to throw in their own native auxiliaries.

这回到了你的观点，汤姆，关于他们有本地支持的问题。

This goes back to your point, Tom, about them having native support.

其中一些人由曼科自己的兄弟率领，这似乎很疯狂。

Some of them are led by Manco's own brothers, which seems mad.

最后，这个叫蒂图库齐·盖尔帕的人意识到堡垒已经失守。

And at last, this guy, Titucuzi Guelpa, realizes that the fortress is lost.

他把武器扔向西班牙人，然后我们被告知——实际上，这在最后时刻是个奇怪的选择。

He throws his weapons down onto the Spanish, and then we're told I mean, it's a strange choice, actually, in the last moments.

他抓起一把把泥土，塞进嘴里，痛苦地搓揉着自己的脸。

He grabbed handfuls of earth, stuffed them into his mouth, and scoured his face in anguish.

然后他用斗篷蒙住头，从堡垒顶端一跃而下，以履行他对印加的誓言。

Then he covered his head with his cloak, and he leaped to his death from the top of the fortress in fulfillment of his pledge to the Inca.

因此，堡垒失守了。

So the fortress is lost.

安多的部下四处肆虐。

Andando's men rampage through.

他们抓了1500人，全部斩杀。

They round up 1,500 people, and they put them all to the sword.

现在到了五月，围攻已经持续了一个多月，明显能感觉到最初的势头已经丧失。

So now we're at the May, and the siege has been going, what, for a month or two, and there's a definite sense that the initial momentum has been lost.

我们被告知，随着城堡的陷落，印加人的士气开始低落。

We're told that with the fall of the citadel, Inca morale begins to ebb.

曼科对他的将军们说：你们让我失望了。

Manko says to his generals, you've let me down.

你们那么多人，他们却那么少，可你们又一次让他们逃走了。

You know, there were so many of you and so few of them, and yet again, they have eluded your grasp.

我认为有几点原因导致了这种情况。

There are a couple of reasons I think why this is.

约翰·赫明说，西班牙人始终拥有技术优势。

John Hemming says, the Spanish always have this technological advantage.

正如他所说，印加人唯一真正能与之匹敌的领域是远程武器。

The only real department in which the Incas have parity, as he puts it, is in projectiles.

但远程武器通常无法杀死一名全副武装的西班牙人。

But projectiles didn't usually kill an armored Spaniard.

这是一场近身肉搏、殊死搏斗。

And this is a kind of hand to hand bloody fight to the death.

如果你手持一把钢剑，那就能决定一切。

And if you've got a steel sword, that can make all the difference.

还有一点就是你提到的，原住民盟友。

And the other thing is what the point you made, the native allies.

他们始终都在那里。

They're always there.

我们在西班牙的史料中几乎看不到他们的身影，但他们始终存在，你知道的，几乎就藏在字里行间。

We barely glimpse them in the Spanish sources, but they're always there, you know, between the lines almost.

辅助部队、仆役、武装士兵，所有这些。

Auxiliaries, servants, armed troops, all of this.

但还有出身高贵的人，不是吗？

But also people of high birth as well, aren't they?

有一些贵族会过来。

There are kind of noblemen who come over.

哦，曼科的兄弟们。

Oh, Manko's brothers.

某种程度上，我猜是因为曼科正在摧毁他们的城市。

In in part, I assume, because Manko is destroying their city.

我的意思是，使用燃烧的投石器正在毁灭一个本属于他们自己的地方。

I mean, the the use of burning slingshot is annihilating a place that is their own.

也许他们认为西班牙人是拯救这座城市的最好希望。

And perhaps they think the Spaniards are the best hope to to save it.

如果你认为西班牙人将会

If you decide the Spaniards are gonna

获胜且无法被击败，那么很多人会说，继续抵抗他们简直是毫无意义的。

win and can't be beaten, then a lot of people will say, well, it's literally pointless to to fight on against them.

对我们人民来说，最好的选择是与他们达成和解。

The best thing for our people is to come to an accommodation.

你知道，我们可以挽救生命。

You know, we'll save lives.

我们可以挽救这座城市，挽救我们的文明。

We'll save the city, save our civilization.

但这并不是终点。

But this is not the end.

围城又持续了三个月，战斗异常激烈。

The siege drags on for another three months, and it is incredibly fierce.

所以我只引用西班牙作家阿隆索·恩里克斯·德·古斯曼的一段话。

So I'll just get one quote from a Spanish writer, Alonso Henriques de Guzman.

我可以作证，这是基督徒与摩尔人之间最可怕、最残酷的战争。

I can bear witness that this was the most dreadful and cruel war in the world between Christians and Moors.

他谈论的是15世纪90年代在西班牙南部对穆斯林的战斗。

So he's talking about the fighting in Spain in the fourteen nineties against the Muslims in the South Of Spain.

基督徒与摩尔人之间存在某种同理心，双方都有兴趣饶恕俘虏的生命，以换取赎金。

Between Christians and Moors, there is some fellow feeling, and it is in the interest of both sides to spare those they take alive because of their ransoms.

但在这场印第安战争中，却没有这种情感。

But in this Indian war, there is no such feeling.

他们给彼此施加了难以想象的残酷死亡。

They give each other the cruelest deaths imaginable.

这是一种生存之战的感觉，不受欧洲或地中海地区战争规则的约束，而是一种令人难以置信的野蛮行为，所有约束都已解除。

So a sense of it being an existential struggle, you know, not governed by the rules that govern fighting in Europe or the Mediterranean, but something unbelievably savage in which all restraints are off.

一周又一周，面对这种情况，曼科的军队逐渐失去势头。

And week by week, faced with this, Manco's army is losing momentum.

曼科的大多数士兵都不是职业军人。

Most of Manco's men are not professional soldiers.

他们都是农民。

They're peasants.

他们是种地的。

They're farmers.

他们把家人也带上了。

They've taken their families with them.

到了八月左右，他们就开始陆续离开，回去种地了。

And by August or so, they're drifting away to go back to their fields.

就在这时，沿海地区传来了令人震惊的消息。

And it's about this point that you get some dramatic news from the coast.

记得吗？在沿海的这座新城市利马，弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗一直待在那里。

So remember that on the coast, at this new city of Lima, Francisco Pizarro has been there all the time.

他派出了一系列援军，试图救出他的兄弟们，但这些部队在翻越安第斯山脉时被曼科最出色的指挥官基佐·尤潘基全歼了——基佐事先埋伏在峡谷和深谷中，等他们经过时，从高处滚下巨石和岩石。

He has sent out a series of relief columns to try and save his brothers, but these had been annihilated as they tried to go over the Andes by one of Manco's best commanders, a guy called Kizo Yupanqui, who had basically hidden waiting for them in gorges and ravines, then hurled down rocks and boulders at them.

方法很简单，但效果极佳。

Really simple, but it worked beautifully.

是的

Yeah.

所以他们终于摸索出了如何摧毁西班牙远征军的方法。

So they finally rumbled how to destroy Spanish expeditions.

没错。

Exactly.

基本上，这三支远征队都被歼灭了。

Basically, three of these columns are annihilated.

200名骑兵被杀，他们的头颅被作为礼物送给了曼科。

200 horsemen are killed, and their severed heads are sent as gifts to Manco.

他们俘虏了马匹吗？

Do they capture the horses?

他们没有俘虏马匹并骑乘它们，我认为没有。

They don't capture them and ride them, I don't think.

我认为他们杀了一些马，其余的马则跑掉了，我想是逃走了。

I think they kill some of them, and the rest of the horses just run away, I I think, escape.

所以皮萨罗在利马现在有点慌了。

So Pizarro back in Lima is in a bit of a panic now.

他还没有收到库斯科的任何消息。

He hasn't got any news from Cusco.

他不知道他的兄弟们发生了什么事。

He doesn't know what's happened to his brothers.

他正在向整个帝国发出绝望的信件，甚至实际上发给了佩德罗·德·阿尔瓦拉多。

He's sending out desperate letters all across the empire, including actually to Pedro de Alvarado.

印加人正在围攻库斯科城，我已经五个月没有收到任何消息了。

The Inca has the city of Cusco besieged, and for five months, I've heard nothing.

整个国家都被摧毁了，土著首领们多次击败了我们。

The country is ravaged, and the native chiefs have won many victories against us.

这给我带来了巨大的悲痛，几乎吞噬了我全部的生命。

It causes me such great sorrow that it's consuming my entire life.

但确实有一个人回应了他的求助，不是吗？

But there's there is someone who answers his appeal, isn't there?

她是一个很好的例子，展现了西班牙人与土著女性之间可能建立的关系。

Who is a kind of interesting illustration of the relationships that can develop between Spaniards and native women.

因为这位名叫孔托瓦乔的女性，原本是某个土著民族的女王，被胡安娜·卡帕克俘获，而她正是皮萨罗的岳母。

Because this is this woman, Kontowacho, who had been, the queen of a native people, taken by Juana Capac, and she is Pizarro's mother-in-law.

她是历史上最了不起的岳母之一，她集结了一支本国士兵的军队，进军利马去援助他。

And she's one of history's great mother in laws, and she raises an army of her countrymen, a march to Lima to help him.

所以这种关系是可能成功的。

So it can work

对双方都有好处。

for both sides.

事实上，情况确实很有趣。

It can interestingly, actually.

我的意思是，尽管他确实获得了一些支持。

I mean, although he gets he does get some support.

他从巴拿马得到了一些支援。

He gets some support from Panama.

他确实获得了一些原住民盟友，正如你所说。

He gets some native allies, as you rightly say.

但实际上，在整个西班牙帝国，普遍认为皮萨罗家族自作自受。

But actually, across the Spanish empire, the general sense is the Pizaros have brought this on themselves.

总督们剥削了印加人。

The governors have exploited the Inca.

埃尔南多·皮萨罗引发了这场叛乱，据说他为了黄金和白银折磨了当地首领。

Hernando Pizarro caused this rebellion, for it is said that he tortured the local chief for his gold and silver.

因此，即使在这一刻，人们也说皮萨罗家族是些坏人。

So even at this point, people are saying, the Pizaros are kind of bad men.

他们对曼科和科的态度非常粗暴。

They've treated Manco and Co very roughly.

我的意思是，他们说得没错，不是吗？

I mean, they're not wrong, are they?

正是如此。

Exactly.

他们没错。

They're not wrong.

我的意思是，西班牙人被污名化为 uniquely cruel and corrupt 的说法根本站不住脚。

I mean, the idea that the Spanish the black legend, which is the Spanish are all uniquely cruel and corrupt, is just not true.

即使在这个阶段，许多西班牙人也认为皮萨罗兄弟是可怕的人。

Even from this stage, Lots of Spaniards are saying, the Pizaros are terrible people.

而且，说实话，我真的很为印加人感到难过。

And, you know, I actually feel really sorry for the Incas.

无论如何，现在皮萨罗的日子要变得非常艰难了，因为这个叫基佐·尤潘基的人，用巨石摧毁了他的援军，如今他从安第斯山脉下降到沿海平原，开始向利马进军。

Anyway, things are gonna get really tricky for Pizarro now because this guy, Quizo Yupanqui, who's crushed his relief columns with boulders, he now descends from the Andes onto the coastal plain, and he starts marching on Lima.

在利马，人们变得极度恐惧。

And in Lima, people become absolutely terrified.

因为很快，利马几乎被印加军队从山坡上团团围住，就像在库斯科一样。

Because very soon, Lima's virtually surrounded with Inca troops on the hillsides just as in Cuzco.

他们整整等待了五天。

And for five days, they're waiting.

到了第六天，决定性时刻来临了。

And then on the sixth day comes the decisive moment.

这位名叫基佐的人向他的士兵们发表了讲话。

This guy, Quizo, addresses his men.

他说的是一种典型的印加式演说风格。

He says, you know, classic kind of Inca rhetoric.

这是夺取城市或为此献身的时刻。

This is the moment to capture the city or to perish in the attempt.

我打算今天攻入城内，杀死所有西班牙人，凡随我同行者必须明白，如果我死了，所有人都会死。

I intend to enter the town today and to kill all the Spaniards, and any who accompany me must go on the understanding that if I die, all will die.

于是，印加人开始推进。

So the Incas advance.

人们说，这是一幅令人惊叹的景象。

People said it was an amazing scene.

他们有着那种近乎天国般的阵势。

They had these sort of it's very kingdom of heaven.

他们举着各种旗帜，在阳光下飘扬，场面十分壮观。

They've got these kind of banners kind of waving in the sunshine, an amazing scene.

数千名印加人对阵仅仅两支西班牙骑兵队。

Thousands of Incas against just two squadrons of Spanish cavalry.

基佐赤脚手持长矛，率领着他们。

Quizo is leading them with a spear on foot.

但正如约翰·赫明所说，尽管这场进攻气势恢宏、勇猛无畏，其结果却如同法国人在阿金库尔、英国人在巴拉克拉瓦，或南方联盟在葛底斯堡的冲锋一样徒劳无功。

But then as John Hemming says, for all its splendor and reckless bravery, this attack was to prove as futile as that of the French at Agincourt, the British at Balaclava, or the Confederates at Gettysburg.

因为，基本上，基佐率领他的士兵，而他们都是步行的。

Because, basically, Quiso leads his men, and they're on foot.

一旦他们进入射程，西班牙人便发起冲锋。

And as soon as they're within range, the Spanish charge.

他们骑着马冲出来，而地形一片平坦。

They rush out on their horses, and it's flat ground.

基本上，他们瞬间击溃了基佐和他的士兵。

Basically, they rout Quizo and his men instantly.

在第一次进攻中，他们杀死了他，还杀死了他麾下的40名指挥官和首领。

And in the first attack, they kill him, and they kill 40 of his kind of commanders and chiefs.

基佐曾说，如果我死了，所有人都会死。

And Quizo had said, if I die, all will die.

但实际上，这并不属实。

Actually, that's not true.

其他人全都逃跑了。

Everybody else just runs away.

他死了。

He's dead.

利马得救了。

Lima is saved.

现在，西班牙人可以离开利马，展开一系列极其残酷的报复。

And now the Spanish can venture out of Lima and vent their fury with some truly hideous reprisals.

于是，皮萨罗的一名士兵写信给他在塞维利亚的朋友。

So one of Pizarro's soldiers writes to a friend of his in Seville.

我们活捉了100名土著，杀死了30人。

We captured alive a 100 natives and killed 30.

我们砍掉了一些俘虏的手臂，割掉了其他人的鼻子，还切下了妇女的乳房。

We cut the arms off some of the prisoners and the noses from others and the breasts from the women.

然后我们把他们放回去，让敌人知道他们也会遭到同样的刀刃对待。

Then we sent them back to the enemy to show them that they too would submit to the knife.

天哪。

Oh, dear.

是的。

Yeah.

顺便说一下，事情只会变得更黑暗，我提前提醒你。

So it's only gonna get darker, by the way, just to just to warn you.

皮萨罗并不知道他的兄弟们在库斯科遭遇了什么。

So Pizarro doesn't know what's been happening to his brothers in Cusco.

那段时间在那里到底发生了什么？

What's been going on there in the meantime?