650. 伦敦的黄金时代：约翰逊博士的疯狂人生（第一部分）

他是一个沉稳务实的人。

He's a man of stolid common sense.

然而，他始终笼罩在一种阴影中，担心自己会发疯。

And yet all the time, he has this shadow, this anxiety that he might go mad.

因此，他试图通过各种方式摆脱所谓的抑郁。

And so he tries to escape his, let's call it, depression in various ways.

所以他尝试步行前往伯明翰再返回，而且经常这么做。

So he tries walking to Birmingham and back, and he does this a lot.

他认为一次振奋精神的散步能让他心情变好。

And he thinks that an invigorating walk will cheer him up.

事实上，我认为振奋精神的散步确实能让人开心，所以我觉得他这么做并不愚蠢。

And, actually, I think invigorating walks do cheer you up, so I think it wasn't a foolish thing for him to do.

他还尝试了各种工作。

And he also takes a range of jobs.

所以他试过当学校老师。

So he tries school teaching.

他尝试做家教。

He tries tutoring.

他尝试做街头记者。

He tries hack journalism.

但同样地，他并没有真正做好其中任何一项工作。

But, again, he he doesn't really make a go of any of them.

这真的让人沮丧。

So that's really depressing.

你知道，他知道自己很聪明，但却似乎无法在世界上留下印记。

He, you know, he knows that he's brilliant, but he can't seem to to make a mark on the world.

除此之外，我们之前已经提到过一件事，那就是他并没有自己本该有的那种魅力。

And then on top of that, there's something that we've already mentioned, which is that he really isn't as prepossessing as he might be.

所以我们有关于他二十出头时的描述。

So we have a description of him in his early twenties.

他身材瘦长，骨架巨大，令人触目惊心，而且瘰疬的疤痕清晰可见。

He was lean and lank so that his immense structure of bones was hideously striking to the eye and the scars of the scrofula were deeply visible.

这显然给约翰逊在与女性建立良好关系方面带来了问题。

And this is obviously a problem for Johnson when it comes to establishing good relations with the ladies.

约翰逊非常渴望得到女性的青睐，但她们连多看他一眼都不愿意。

And Johnson is very, very keen on the ladies, but none of them will give him so much as a second glance.

因此，这无疑让他更加深陷沮丧之中。

And so, of course, this plunges him even deeper into dejection.

但当他25岁时，奇迹发生了，不是吗？

But then when he's 25 years old, lightning strikes, doesn't it?

因为他遇到了一位可能比他年长一些的女性，她在他身上看到了

Because he meets a woman, perhaps a little older than him, who sees in him

一个真正的罗密欧，一个阿多尼斯。

a veritable Romeo, an an Adonis.

是的。

Yeah.

我的意思是，你说的‘年轻一点’，其实她是一位45岁的寡妇。

I mean, when you say little bit, she is a 45 year old widow.

是的。

Yeah.

但她觉得他很棒，她对女儿说，要知道，那时她已经有个成年的女儿了，‘约翰逊是我这辈子见过的最理智的男人’，然后她深深地爱上了他。

But she thinks he's great, and she says to her daughter, you know, she has a grown up daughter by this point, Johnson, this is the most sensible man that I ever saw in my life, and she falls madly in love with him.

所以这里或许带点‘老少配’的意味。

So there's a bit of a kind of macron vibe there perhaps.

令人惊讶的是，1735年9月7日，在德比的一座教堂里，发生了这一惊人事件。

And amazingly, on the 07/09/1735, in a church in Derby, there is this incredible development.

塞缪尔·约翰逊先生和这位爱上他的寡妇伊丽莎白·波特女士结为夫妻。

Mister Samuel Johnson and the widow who has fallen in love with him, missus Elizabeth Porter, become man and wife.

这转折可真够意外的。

Well, what a twist that is.

在后半部分，我们将讨论约翰逊与妻子泰蒂（她被这样称呼）的关系。

In the second half, we will discuss, Johnson's relationship with his wife, Teti, as she's called.

我们还会谈到约翰逊的一些伟大成就，并了解他是如何开始成为名人。

And, we will get to some of Johnson's great achievements, and we'll discover how he begins to make himself a celebrity.

本集由Vanguard赞助播出。

This episode is brought to you by Vanguard.

现在，多米尼克，历史上充满了那些被许诺一切却最终大失所望的人。

Now, Dominic, history is full of examples of people who are promised the world and then got very badly let down.

你能想到一个具体的例子吗？

Can you think of a particular example?

我能。

I can.

我可以想到几个例子，汤姆。

I can think of a couple of examples, Tom.

我们刚刚录制了一档关于印加帝国覆灭的系列节目。

So we've just been recording a series about the fall of the Incas.

负责的西班牙征服者弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗，首先背叛了他的商业伙伴迭戈·德·阿马戈。

And Francisco Pizarro, who was the Spanish conquistador in charge, first of all, he betrayed his business partner, Diego de Amagro.

然后，令人震惊的是，他背叛了印加皇帝阿塔瓦尔帕。

And then shockingly, he betrayed the Inca emperor, Atahualpa.

好了，多米尼克，我可以问你一个问题吗？

Well, Dominic, can I ask you a question?

如果阿塔瓦尔帕当时受维珍理财管理，你觉得维珍理财会让他失望吗？

Had Atahualpa been in the hands of Vanguard, do you think that Vanguard would have let him down?

不会。

No.

维珍理财的特别之处在于，它建立在一个核心原则上，那就是将投资者的利益放在首位。

The thing about Vanguard, Vanguard was founded on one core principle, and that principle is putting investors first.

汤姆，五十多年来，维珍理财一直为全球数百万客户兑现着这一承诺。

Tom, for more than fifty years, Vanguard have been delivering on that promise for millions of clients worldwide.

你知道最棒的是什么吗？

And do know what's brilliant?

你也可以开设ISA或自选个人养老金账户，自己选择投资产品，或者让维珍理财为你选择和管理。

You too can open an ISA or a self invested personal pension, and you can choose investments yourself, or you can let Vanguard choose and manage them for you.

所以，搜索‘Vanguard Investor’了解更多，但请注意，投资有风险，且适用税收规则。

So search Vanguard Investor to find out more when investing your capital is at risk and tax rules apply.

欢迎回到《历史其余部分》。

Welcome back to The Rest is History.

在一场惊人的转折中，我们曾在《历史其余部分》中讨论过的最了不起的转变之一，塞缪尔·约翰逊结婚了。

In an astonishing twist, one of the most amazing turnarounds that we've ever discussed on The Rest is History, Samuel Johnson has got married.

他娶了伊丽莎白·波特顿夫人。

He's got married to missus Elizabeth Porton.

他叫她特蒂，对吧？

He calls her Tetty, doesn't he?

他喜欢特蒂有各种各样的原因。

And he so he he likes Tetty for various reasons.

她是个开朗而充满活力的女性。

She's a sort of jolly and energetic woman.

他认为她美极了。

He thinks she's gorgeous.

尤其是，他非常钦佩他所说的她那非同寻常的丰满胸部。

And particularly, he's very impressed by what he calls her bosom of more than ordinary protuberance.

是的。

Yes.

我认为他积压了大量精力，而他对自己能娶到这样的女人感到无比欣喜。

And he he has a lot of pent up energy, I think it's fair to say, and is absolutely rapturous that he finds himself married to such a woman.

所以，他一生都对她忠贞不渝。

So he I mean, he he remains devoted to her all his life.

而且，我觉得他内心充满感激。

And, also, I think he he feels incredible gratitude.

她让他体会到了被爱的感觉。

You know, she has allowed him to know what it's like to be loved.

她实际上是那个将他从忧郁沉沦中拯救出来的人。

She essentially is the person who has rescued him from his morbid melancholy.

而且，她也为他的生活带来了一些财富，因为她从已故丈夫那里继承了一笔可观的现金。

And, also, she has brought some money into his life because, you know, she's inherited from her dead husband quite a bit of cash.

但当然，这也增加了他必须有所成就的压力。

But, of course, this only increases the pressure on him to make something of his life.

他不希望像他父亲那样，毕竟他父亲一直靠母亲养活。

He doesn't want to end up like his father who basically, you know, had been leeching off his mother.

约翰逊完全不想那样做。

Johnson doesn't want to do that at all.

所以他想，我真得要全力以赴了。

And so he thinks, well, I've really got to put my shoulders to the wheel.

我真得要有所成就。

I've really got to make something of myself.

于是他第一个主意是用泰蒂的钱开办一所学校。

And so his first wheeze is to invest Teti's money in setting up a school.

约翰逊想，我受过很好的教育。

Johnson thinks, you know, I've got a very good education.

我很聪明。

I'm very smart.

这或许是我可以做的事。

That might be something I can do.

于是他在利奇菲尔德外的一个小村庄埃德格尔开设了学校，从一开始就能看出这所学校根本不会成功。

And so he opens it in a small hamlet called Edgell outside Litchfield, and it is clear right from the beginning that it's not really going to be a success.

他并没有看到家长们纷纷带着孩子前来报名。

He does not have parents flocking to hand over their children to him.

他没有学位，而且还有这种抽搐般的 twitch。

He, you know, he doesn't have a degree, but also he has this, you know, convulsive twitch.

我的意思是，他看起来简直怪异极了。

I mean, he looks absolutely bizarre.

得了吧。

Come on.

你去这所学校的开放日看看。

You go to an you go to an open day at this school.

那家伙没有任何资质，还像疯子一样抽搐不停。

The bloke's got no qualifications, and he's jerking around like a madman.

我的意思是，你根本不会把孩子托付给他。

I mean, you're not gonna say trust your kids to him.

但他确实最终有了三个学生。

So he he does, however, end up with three pupils.

其中一个是名叫大卫·加里克·奥的18岁男孩。

And one of these, it's an 18 year old lad called David Garick Oh.

他显然是一个非常非常出色的学生。

Is clearly a very, very impressive student.

约翰逊实际上和加里克成了很好的朋友。

And Johnson, actually becomes great friends with Garick.

你知道，他们之间差了六岁，所以实际上几乎是同龄人。

You know, they're they're separated by six years, so they're actually almost, you know, contemporaries.

我的意思是，他们年龄差距比约翰逊和他妻子还小。

I mean, they're closer in age than Johnson and his wife.

完全正确。

Completely.

但尽管如此，很明显约翰逊并不适合当老师。

So but despite this, it is obvious that Johnson is not cut out to be a teacher.

正如鲍斯威尔在他的传记中所言，约翰逊古怪的举止和粗鲁的手势必然成为学生们取笑的对象——鲍斯威尔指的就是他的学生。

And as Boswell puts it in his biography, his oddities of manner and uncouth gesticulations could not but be the subject of merriment to them, by which Boswell means his students.

尤其是那些年轻顽童，常常趴在卧室门上偷听，透过钥匙孔窥探，只为嘲笑约翰逊对约翰逊夫人那热烈而笨拙的爱慕之情。

And in particular, the young rogues used to listen at the door of his bedchamber and peep through the keyhole that they might turn into ridicule his tumultuous and awkward fondness for missus Johnson.

因此，学校不可避免地倒闭了，这使得约翰逊更加不愿辜负他心爱的特蒂。

So unsurprisingly, the school folds, and this leaves Johnson even more desperate not to let his beloved tetty down.

于是，他的下一个计划是写一部极其冗长乏味的悲剧，讲述一位苏丹和他的希腊女奴艾琳娜的故事。

So his next scheme is to write an exceedingly long and boring tragedy about a sultan and his Greek slave girl called Irene.

而此时的约翰逊从未看过一场戏剧，年仅25岁，是的。

And since Johnson has never seen a play at this point, and he's still only 25 Yeah.

这部剧并不出色，也毫无收入，他根本卖不出去。

It's not very good, and it it doesn't make any money, and he's unable to sell it.

最终，他采纳了我们在这段历史后续人物身上多次见到的方案：离开外省，前往伦敦。

And so finally, he settles on the plan that lots of people that we've covered over the course of the rest of his history settle on, which is to leave the provinces and head for London.

约翰逊与大卫·加里克一同前往伦敦，而加里克早已不再是他的学生，如今正计划攻读法律。

And Johnson travels there with David Garrick, who is no longer his pupil, of course, and is now planning to study for the law.

他们买了一匹马。

And they they buy a single horse.

这是他们唯一买得起的，于是他们轮流骑马和步行。

It's all they can afford, and they take turns riding and walking.

然后他们抵达了伦敦。

And then they they arrive in London.

从他抵达的那一刻起，约翰逊就被这座首都的规模、活力和无限潜力深深吸引。

And from the moment he arrives there, Johnson is absolutely trans transfixed by the capital, by its scale, by its energy, by its sense of potential.

约翰逊至今仍以热爱伦敦而闻名。

And Johnson is famous to this day as a man who adored London.

因此，在他抵达三十年后，伦敦依然让他感到激动不已，正如他本人所说。

So thirty years after his arrival, it was still thrilling him, to to quote him.

伦敦的幸福，唯有亲身体验过的人才能想象。

The happiness of London is not to be conceived, but by those who have been in it.

我敢说，在伦敦我们此刻所坐之处方圆十英里内，所蕴含的科学知识，比王国其他所有地方加起来还要多。

I will venture to say there is more learning in science within the circumference of 10 miles from where we now sit in London than in all the rest of the kingdom.

所以他很喜欢，对吧？

So he loves it, doesn't he?

我有点好奇，塞缪尔·约翰逊是不是有点像个奇观？

I wonder a little bit whether he's quite a spectacle, Samuel Johnson.

也许在伦敦，人们对他这样站着引人注目的情况没那么在意，也不会像在利奇菲尔德这样更沉闷安静的地方那样把他当怪人盯着看。

And maybe in London, there's a slightly less of an issue of people of him standing out and people staring at him as an oddball than there would have been a much sleepier, quieter place like Litchfield.

但同时，伦敦提供了各种在更小的米德兰小镇根本不存在的机会。

But also, London offers all kinds of opportunities that frankly just aren't there in a much smaller Midlands town.

更重要的是，他可以通过文学创作赚钱，因为那里有西米德兰兹地区所没有的多种机会。

And crucially, he can make money doing literary things because there are all kinds of opportunities that there were not in the West Midlands.

是的。

Yeah.

而且你

And you

说赚钱。

say make money.

我的意思是，他赚的钱其实也不多，但比起待在利奇菲尔德无所事事，还是要多得多。

I mean, he doesn't make that much money, but it's, you know, it's more than he would have done if he'd been kinda kicking his heels in Litchfield.

于是他开始为一位名叫爱德华·凯夫的出版商做代笔工作。

And so he starts doing hack work for a publisher called Edward Cave.

凯夫非常有进取心，他发明了实际上我认为是我们今天所认识的第一本杂志。

Cave is very, very enterprising, and he's invented what is in effect, I think, the first magazine that we today would recognize as a magazine.

它叫《绅士杂志》，里面充满了各种各样的内容。

It's called the Gentleman's Magazine, and it's just full of all kinds of different stuff.

很快，约翰逊就写了大部分内容，因为他在这方面表现得极其出色。

And pretty soon, Johnson is writing most of it because he's turns out to be brilliant at this kind of thing.

他还撰写传记、做翻译，并为凯夫撰写文学研究文章。

And he also does biographies, and he does translations, and he does kind of studies of literature for Cave.

接着，他为凯夫开创了一种全新的新闻形式：报道议会辩论，这些报道随后被刊登在《绅士杂志》上。

And then for Cave, he pioneers a completely new form of journalism, which is to cover debates in parliament, which his coverage of these debates then goes into The Gentleman's Magazine.

不过，约翰逊本人并没有亲自出席这些辩论。

Now Johnson doesn't actually attend the debates.

事实上，他只听过一次。

In fact, he only ever heard one.

是的。

Yeah.

他实际上非常像一位古代历史学家。

He's actually very like an ancient historian.

他传达的是他心目中那些演讲应有的样子。

He conveys the sense of what he thinks the speeches should have been.

所以，他关注的是氛围，而不是准确的逐字记录。

So he's basically it's about the vibe rather than accurate transcription.

他基本上是在编造议会辩论。

He's basically making up parliamentary debates.

他能把握住发言者的个性特征。

He's got a sense of the character of the people who are giving them.

他能感受到，你知道的，他们在谈论什么。

He's got a sense of, you know, what they're talking about.

但他做得如此出色，以至于任何阅读这些报道的人都会以为它们是逐字记录。

But he does this so effectively that essentially anyone who reads these reports assume that they are verbatim transcripts.

而政客们自己也被约翰逊编造的那些话深深打动，对此保持沉默。

And the politicians themselves are are so flattered by the words that Johnson puts into their vows that they keep stumb about it.

他们根本不会透露自己从未说过这些演讲中的任何一句话。

That, you know, they don't reveal that they've never said any any of these speeches.

最终，约翰逊开始觉得，自己这样做其实是在助长一场骗局。

And eventually, Johnson comes to feel that, you know, he might be perpetuating a fraud by doing this.

因此他说：我不会成为传播虚假信息的帮凶。

And so he says, I would not be accessory to the propagation of falsehood.

于是他放弃了这项工作。

And so he gives that up.

但这种能够报道议会发言的想法，本身是一种意义重大的创举。

But it's a kind of momentous invention, this idea that you can cover what people are saying in parliament.

而这一传统一直延续至今，约翰逊正是这一传统的奠基人。

And it's something that lives with us to this day, and Johnson is really the founder of that.

显然，约翰逊做这份工作是为了谋生。

Now, obviously, Johnson is doing this hat work to make a living.

如果你是个作家，约翰逊最著名的一句话大概就是那句：‘除了傻瓜，没人会为了写作而写作。’

And if you are a writer, probably the most famous thing that Johnson ever said is his great phrase, no man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money.

我的意思是，我不认识哪个作家不熟悉这句话。

I mean, I I I I do not know a writer who is not familiar with that with that saying.

受到这些话的启发。

Inspired by that by those words.

约翰逊写作不仅仅是为了钱。

Johnson isn't just writing for for for money.

约翰逊希望人们阅读他的作品。

Johnson wanted people to read him.

从这个意义上说，他渴望得到钦佩。

He in that sense, he wanted admiration.

他，哦，你知道的，他想要名声，我想。

He oh, you know, he wanted fame, I suppose.

他希望人们把他视为一位伟大的作家。

He wanted, you know, people to think of him as a great writer.

因此，他抵达伦敦一年后，也就是1738年，他发表了一首诗，不可避免地命名为《伦敦》。

And so one year after he's arrived in London, so that's 1738, he publishes a poem that inevitably is called London.

这首诗讲述了他对这座城市的经历与思考，是一种充满活力的讽刺作品。

It's about his experiences and thoughts on the capital, and it's a kind of feisty knockabout satire.

这首诗实际上为他赚了很多钱，比他为凯夫做代笔工作挣得还多。

And it actually makes him a lot of money, more money than he's earning for his hack work for for Cave.

这也是一种声望上的成功。

And it's also a kind of success esteem.

它广受欢迎，同时也深深打动了评论家。

It's it's a popular hit, but it's also very, very it impresses the critics.

它取得了巨大的轰动。

And and it makes a big smash.

但不幸的是，约翰逊却成了自己的怪异之作。

But it turns out, unfortunately, Johnson to be his space oddity.

所以，鲍伊在发布《太空怪人》之后，花了好几年才推出齐格·斯塔达特。

So Bowie, after he'd released space oddity, it takes him several years before he gets on to Ziggy Stardust.

而约翰逊在出版《伦敦》之后，又重新陷入了默默无闻。

And Johnson, after he's published London, plunges back into obscurity.

到了三十多岁，他越来越觉得自己是个失败者，注定一辈子只能做个文字匠。

And by the time he's entered his thirties, he's increasingly feeling that he is a failure, that he is doomed to be a hack for the rest of his life.

他是不是在拿自己和朋友比较？

He's comparing himself with his mate, isn't he?

他当初去伦敦时是和大卫·加里克一起的，加里克曾是他的学生。

So he'd gone to London with David Garrick, his former pupil.

但到这时，加里克已经放弃了法律事业，投身于 arguably 英国乃至西方历史上最辉煌的戏剧生涯，成为当时最负盛名的演员，从许多方面确立了表演的典范。

But Garrick has given up the law by this point and has embarking on arguably the most glittering theatrical career in British, if not Western, history, becoming the most celebrated actor of his day, a man who establishes the the template for acting in many ways.

约翰逊并不是一个特别嫉妒或心胸狭窄的人，对吧？

And Johnson is he's not a particularly envious or jealous man, is he?

不是。

No.

我会说，不仅如此，他把嫉妒视为一种应当鄙视和不屑的东西。

I would say I mean, I would I I'd say further than that, that he he he treats envy as something to be despised and and disdained.

但我认为，对于加里克，他确实陷入了嫉妒。

But I think with Garrick, he does succumb to envy.

我认为主要原因在于，加里克经常演出莎士比亚的作品，因此成为他那个时代最著名的莎士比亚演员，并与莎士比亚紧密联系在一起。

And I think the chief reason for that is that because Garrick is often performing Shakespeare, he becomes the most famous Shakespearean actor of his day, and he becomes associated with Shakespeare.

这对约翰逊来说是一种折磨，因为约翰逊可能比他那个时代的任何人都更了解莎士比亚。

And this for Johnson is agony because Johnson probably knows more about Shakespeare than than anyone in his day.

我的意思是，他把那些剧本倒背如流，对它们了如指掌。

I mean, he's read the plays backwards and knows all all about them.

我认为，看到加里克在那里高谈阔论，而自己却仍是个无名之辈，这让他深感痛苦。

And it pains him, I think, to see Garrick pontificating about it while he is still a nobody.

特蒂呢？

What about Tetty?

那么特蒂在这其中扮演了什么角色？

So where does Tetty fit into all this?

说实话，泰蒂特别讨厌伦敦，对吧？

Because let's be honest, Tetty flipping hates London, doesn't she?

她对搬来伦敦感到心碎。

She's gutted that they've moved to London.

是的。

Yeah.

她喜欢，你知道的，她所有的朋友都在米德兰兹。

She love you know, she's got all her friends back in the Midlands.

她非常想念他们。

She's really missing them.

伦敦很糟糕，她这么觉得。

London's awful, she thinks.

这里又拥挤又吵闹，还臭烘烘的。

It's kinda crowded and noisy and smelly.

所以可怜的约翰逊对此感到非常内疚。

And so poor old Johnson is feeling very guilty about this.

他必须待在伦敦，部分是因为他喜欢那里，部分是因为伦敦能帮他赚钱。

He needs to be in London because partly because he likes it, partly because it it enables him to make money.

因此，他通过为特蒂找房子来减轻内疚感，这些房子要么在伦敦边缘，要么就在城外。

And so he assuages his guilt by finding Teti quarters that are either on the margins of London or just outside it.

他赚的每一分钱，几乎都用来支付特蒂所住房间的租金。

And all the money that he's earning essentially is going towards paying for for the rent on these quarters where Teddy stays.

但他自己当然必须住在市中心。

But he, of course, has to stay in London in the center of the city.

因此，他为自己留下的钱几乎所剩无几。

And so he has almost nothing left for himself.

在他的诗《伦敦》中，他曾写下这样一句：‘贫困压抑着价值的缓慢崛起。’

And in his poem London, he had he'd he'd written this line, slow rises worth by poverty depressed.

你知道，他很清楚自己在说什么。

You know, he knew what he was speaking about.

多年来，他靠代笔写作为生，一直住在破败肮脏的住所里。

And all the years of his hack work, he lives in kind of rundown, squalid accommodation.

他穿着破旧不堪的衣服。

He wore shabby worn out clothes.

事实上，他一生中的衣服都总是破破烂烂的。

And in fact, all his life, his clothes would be shabby.

甚至有一次，由于无处栖身，他和朋友在圣詹姆斯广场整整走了一夜。

And even on one notorious occasion, he finds himself with a friend walking around Saint James's Square all night for want of a lodging.

伟大的文学传记作家理查德·霍姆斯写了一本关于约翰逊这段人生及其与这位同伴在圣詹姆斯广场游荡的友谊的精彩著作，书名叫《约翰逊博士与萨维奇先生》。

And the great literary biographer Richard Holmes has written a fabulous book about this stage of Johnson's life and his friendship with this guy he went roaming around Saint James's with, and it's called, doctor Johnson and mister Savage.

所以，是的，这个例子很好地展现了约翰逊的故事如何成为了解乔治亚时代伦敦的一扇美好窗口，对吧？

So, yeah, this is a good example of how the Johnson story is a lovely window onto Georgian London, isn't it?

因为尽管约翰逊热爱伦敦，但他深知，如果你不幸处于命运的底层，这座城市会多么阴暗凄凉。

Because although Johnson loves London, he knows how grim and dark it can be if you're on the kind of the wrong side of the wheel of fortune.

所以，像霍加斯版画《金酒巷》中描绘的那些场景——杜松子酒、下水道、无家可归者睡在上面的灰坑、乞丐、妓女，诸如此类的东西。

So the gin, you know, the sort of scenes of from Hogarth's engravings, Gin Lane, the kind of the sewers, the ash pits that homeless people sleep on, the beggars, prostitutes, all of that kind of thing.

他对那些落魄之人并不持评判态度，是吗？

And he's not a judgmental person about the sort of down and outs, is he?

他不会瞧不起他们。

He doesn't turn his nose up at them.

他是个有道德的人，但

He's a moral person, but

并不是一个爱评判的人。

not a judgmental person.

因为他深知贫穷的滋味，亲眼目睹了周围妓女、乞讨儿童和酒鬼的苦难。

And because he knows what it is to be poor, because he sees the suffering of prostitutes and beggar children and alcoholics all around him.

他从不鄙视他们。

He never despises them.

如果身上有钱，他总会把钱送出去。

And if he does have a copper on him, he will always give it away.

如果身上一无所有，他会停下来，试着给予几句善意的安慰。

And if he has nothing on him, then he will stop and and try and offer words of kindness.

我想，这些善意通常都会被感激地接受。

And I imagine that generally that they were received gratefully.

我的意思是，他现在是个庞然大物，行动笨重，不停抽动。

I mean, this huge he's a massive man by now, lumbering, twitching.

我的意思是，这可能会让有些人感到有点害怕。

I mean, it might be slightly frightening for people.

但我认为，人们总能感受到约翰逊身上那种善良，这种善良与他的粗鲁以及对文学沙龙之类事物的喜爱并存。

But I think people always sense the kind of the kindness in Johnson which coexists with a a kind of gruffness and a fondness for, you know, literary spas and things.

还有特雷尔夫人，她后来成了约翰逊博士的挚友。

And missus Thraile, who later in life became a great friend of doctor Johnson's.

她是一位酿酒商的妻子。

She was the wife of a brewer.

他与她变得非常亲密。

He became very close to her.

她曾说，约翰逊对穷人的爱，是我从未在别人身上见过的。

And she said of Johnson that he loved the poor as I never saw anyone else do.

而通过这样做，我认为他正是践行了自童年起就秉持的道德与政治原则。

And in doing that, I think that he is being true to morals and political principles that he had held since his childhood.

所以，正如鲍斯韦尔一样，约翰逊从年轻时起就是一名托利党人。

So Johnson, as Boswell will be as well, from his youth is a Tory.

在他看来，他认同穷人，并非尽管是托利党人，而是正因为他是托利党人。

And as he saw it, he identified with the poor, not despite being a Tory, but because of it.

这可能让一些听众觉得奇怪，因为如今托利党人通常被视为代表富裕阶层和自由市场经济的政党，诸如此类。

And this may seem odd to some of our listeners because I think the Tories today are are seen as the party of the affluent and of free market economics and and all of that kind of thing.

但在约翰逊那个时代，‘托利党’的含义略有不同。

But the meaning of Tory in Johnson's day was subtly different.

我们已经提到过，约翰逊天生就是一个叛逆者。

And we've said how how Johnson was always a natural rebel.

我认为在十八世纪中期，成为一名托利党人很容易被看作一种叛逆行为。

And I think that in the mid eighteenth century, to be a Tory could very easily be framed as a kind of rebellion.

你觉得呢？

Do you think?

是的。

Yeah.

完全正确。

Totally.

因为十八世纪是辉格党的世纪。

Because the the eighteenth century is the Whig century.

所以辉格党，我们为TheRestHistoryClub的会员做过一期特别节目，讨论辉格党和托利党，嘉宾是乔治·奥尔斯，他写了一本关于这个主题的精彩著作，我称之为《党派之怒》。

So the Whigs we did a bonus episode for members of TheRestHistoryClub about the Whigs and the Tories with George Auers, who's written a brilliant book about this, which I call The Rage of Party.

他的网名是Capal Luft。

His online is Capal Luft.

他是个非常有趣的人物。

He's a great character.

他写了一本关于辉格党和托利党起源的精彩著作，清晰地解释了这一切的由来。

And he wrote this wonderful book about the origins of Whigs and Tories, explaining exactly where all this comes from.

因此，在这一时期，辉格党在英国政治中占据主导地位。

So the Whigs really dominate British politics in this period.

他们具有国际视野，是金融家的政党，是商业阶层的政党。

They are cosmopolitan, they are the party of financiers, they are party of the commercial classes.

大地主也是。

The great landowners as well.

是的。

Yes.

所以他们在政治上占据主导地位。

So they really dominate politics.

因此，托利党可能更内向，更怀旧，更等级化，更具家长式作风，对欧洲更怀疑，对变革和现代性也比辉格党更警惕。

So the Tories are perhaps a little bit more inward looking, they are more nostalgic, they are more hierarchical, they are more paternalistic maybe, they are more suspicious of Europe, and more suspicious of change, and more suspicious of modernity than the Whigs are.

当十八世纪的英国在商业、工业等力量的推动下发生变革时，托利党人——他们或许更乡村化、更留恋过去——感到自己的世界正面临威胁：乡绅的生活、旧式传统和欢乐的英格兰正被拥抱全球现代性的浪潮所淹没。

And so as Britain is being transformed in the eighteenth century by the wheels of of kind of commerce and industry and whatnot, the Tories who are perhaps a little bit more rural and a bit more backward looking, they feel kind of endangered that the world of the country squire and of old fashioned ways and a merry England and stuff is being lost beneath the the the the rush to embrace cosmopolitan modernity.

对。

Yeah.

你可以在议会中看到这一点，因为在约翰逊时代，托利党在下议院完全是少数派。

And you can see this in parliament because in the house of commons, the Tories in Johnson's day are absolutely the underdogs.

你知道，他们的议员人数从未超过五分之一。

You know, they're never more than say a fifth of MPs.

正如你所说，随着英国的繁荣，商业利益日益占据主导地位，托利党人确实开始感觉自己成了一个濒临灭绝的少数群体。

And so as you say, you know, as Britain booms, as commercial interests increasingly predominate, the Tories do come to feel like they're an endangered minority.

你提到托利党人非常重视等级制度。

And you said how the Tories are are very keen on hierarchy.

约翰逊一生都热衷于等级制度，尽管他出身卑微。

Johnson, all his life and despite his own humble background, you know, he's he's a great enthusiast for hierarchy.

所以他向博斯韦尔表达过这一点。

So he he he put it to Boswell.

我之所以热衷于服从与出身的尊荣，是因为我几乎说不清我的祖父是谁。

I have great merit in being zealous for subordination and the honors of birth, for I can hardly tell who was my grandfather.

他拥护王权，特别是支持被流放的斯图亚特家族对王位的权利。

He believes in the crown and specifically in the right of the exiled Stuarts to the crown.

所以詹姆斯二世被流放了，拉丁语中称他为雅各布斯。

So James the second had been exiled, Jacobus in Latin.

因此，雅各布派就是那些支持邦尼王子查理的人。

And so the Jacobites, these are the people who will support Bonnie Prince Charlie.

约翰逊总是对它们有点倾向。

Johnson always has a slight kind of leaning towards them.

但与此同时，他也是英国国教的虔诚而坚定的成员。

But simultaneously, he is also a a devout and committed member of the established church, the church of England.

所以，如果你是君主主义者，又是英国国教的成员，那你又怎么能被看作是叛逆者呢？

So if you're a monarchist and if you're a member of the church of England, in what possible sense then can you be reckoned a rebel?

我认为这是因为约翰逊将王权和教会都视为保护穷人和弱势群体的重要屏障，以抵御他所认为的辉格党对穷人的掠夺性贪婪，以及辉格党愿意将穷人献祭给商业和工业扩张的祭坛。

And I think it's because Johnson saw both these institutions, the crown and the church, as essential safeguards for the poor and the vulnerable against what Johnson saw as the predatory greed of the Whigs, the willingness of the Whigs to sacrifice the poor on the altar of kind of commercial and industrial expansion.

我的意思是，约翰逊是个小写的保守派，对吧？

I mean, Johnson is a small c conservative, isn't he?

如果你在绘制一张作家图谱，你可以把他看作是那个位置上的人。

And you could see him as being in that sort of bit of the graph, if you're doing a kind of graph of writers.

你知道，J.R.R.托尔金离他并不远，也许乔治·奥威尔也没那么远。

You know, JR Tolkien is not that far away, maybe even Georg Orwell isn't that far away.

那些喜欢小地方、传统、既有秩序和扎根于土地的人，对那些热衷于欧洲大陆最新潮流概念的人抱有戒心。

People who like the small and the traditional and the established and the rooted, and they're distrustful of people who like the latest fashionable concept from Continental Europe.

是的

Yeah.

约翰逊最喜爱的词语之一是‘不能’，这一点与奥威尔有相似之处。

And there's an echo of of Orwell in the fact that one of Johnson's favorite words is can't.

‘不能’这个词，本质上是用来用时髦流行的词语或情感来掩盖私利。

And can't, I mean, essentially, it's the use of kind of modish fashionable words or sentiments to veil self interest.

这种观点最著名的表达出现在他多年后在美国革命期间撰写的一份小册子中。

And the most famous expression of this appeared in a pamphlet that he wrote years later during the American revolution.

他问道：为什么我们听到最响亮的自由呐喊，却来自那些奴役黑人的人？

And he asks, how is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty among the drivers of Negroes?

对。

Yeah.

换句话说，他所鄙视的美国人，他认为他们是虚伪的。

In other words, the Americans whom he despises, he sees them as hypocritical.

你知道，他们的进步言论不过是赤裸裸的贪婪私利的伪装。

You know, their progressive sentiments are merely the veil for naked greedy self interest.

嘿，他并没有错。

Hey, he's not wrong.

我的意思是，这解释了他对美国革命的看法。

I mean, that explains his take on the American revolution.

他非常敌视它。

He's he's very hostile to it.

但在美国革命之前很久，他就已经开始崭露头角了。

But long before the American revolution, he has he's already begun making a name for himself.

这不仅仅是因为他对政治的独特见解，还因为他作为一个道德家的身份。

And it's not just as a you know, for his kind of take on politics, but also as a moralist.

到1740年代，他虽然还谈不上家喻户晓，但已经开始被一些人阅读，这些人从他那里获得慰藉，并觉得他身上有许多吸引人的品质。

By the seventeen forties, he's starting to well, he's not exactly famous, but he's starting to be read by people who find him a source of comfort and who find in him qualities that seem to his readers very attractive.

比如，他深切同情弱势群体，无论是伦敦街头的穷人，加勒比和美洲的奴隶，还是被英国和法国殖民者在加拿大荒野中掠夺土地的原住民。

So, you know, his his deep sympathy for for the underdog, be it the poor on the streets of London or slaves in the Caribbean and America or even Native Americans whose land is being stolen by British and French colonialists in the wilds of Canada.

他对虚伪的强烈鄙视，以及由此延伸出的对务实的坚持、对理论的不耐烦，让他觉得学术语言往往体现了一种压迫形式。

His kind of matching contempt for hypocrisy, and by extension, his insistence on on what is practical, his impatience with theory, his feeling that kind of academic language, if you like, often expresses a form of oppression.

而且，尽管他同情弱者，他也喜欢挑战强者。

And also, even as he has this sympathy for the underdog, he also likes a punch up.

他热衷于斗争。

He has a relish for a fight.

正如鲍斯韦尔日后所言，他说话就是为了取胜。

He talks for victory, as Boswell would one day put it.

在他的著作中，他也同样如此。

And in in his writings, he does the same.

这一切都太像乔治·奥威尔了，不是吗？

All of that is so George Orwell, isn't it?

或者像那个传统中的人物，比如约翰·克里或约翰·格雷，英国知识界有一条贯穿始终的约翰·索恩传统——那种反智的智者，为普通人发声，为常识辩护，对那些空洞的术语和行话感到不耐烦，我甚至敢说，对政治正确也感到厌烦。

Or somebody like that of that tradition or John Kerry or John Gray or there's a John Sonian tradition that runs right through British intellectual culture, the kind of anti intellectual intellectual who speaks for the common man, who speaks for common sense, who is impatient with kind of can't and jargon and dare I say political correctness.

约翰逊会讨厌这一切。

Johnson would have hated all that.

当然了。

Oh, absolutely.

他确实会这样。

He he he really would.

但你说他是反智的。

But you say he's anti intellectual.

我的意思是，他根本不是反智的。

I mean, he's he's he's really not anti intellectual.

当然，他是个知识分子，但他用实用主义、朴实无华、常识和平凡的语言来掩饰自己的智识倾向。

Of course, he's an intellectual, but he veils his intellectualism in the language of pragmatism and earthiness and common sense and ordinariness.

我觉得这完全正确。

I think that's I think that's absolutely true.

但是

But

即使他这么做，他依然毫不歉疚地认为，对他感兴趣的东西——比如莎士比亚——人们理应去读他关于这些事物的见解。

even as he's doing that, he is unapologetic in thinking that the things that interest him, Shakespeare or whatever, that there's no reason why people, you know, shouldn't read what he has to say about them.

当然。

Of course.

没错。

Exactly.

对。

Yeah.

因此，从1740年代到1750年代，受到钦佩的不仅是他的道德情感，还有他的学识。

And so, again, through this the seventeen forties into the seventeen fifties, it's not just his kind of moral sentiments, but his learning that is coming to be admired.

人们普遍认为，这位男子几乎无所不知，他对文学、语言等问题的判断极其精准，而且他对英语有着非凡的掌握能力。

There is the sense that here is a man who knows almost everything there is to know, that his judgment on matters of literature or language or whatever is absolutely precise, and that he has an incredible mastery of the English language.

正是这种认知，在1746年为他带来了这项委托——我想，多亏了《黑爵士》，这可能是他今天最广为人知的成就。

And it's this sense that in 1746 brings him the commission for which, I guess, thanks to Blackadder, he's probably best known today.

那就是编纂一部全面的英语词典。

And that is the compilation of a comprehensive English dictionary.

为了衡量约翰逊接受这项委托时所面对的任务之艰巨，在意大利，编纂一部全面的意大利语词典花了整整一个学者团体二十年的时间。

And to give a measure of the task that Johnson is taking on when he accepts this commission, in Italy, the task of compiling a comprehensive Italian dictionary had taken an entire academy of scholars twenty years to complete.

在法国，这项工作则花了五十五年时间。

In France, it had taken an academy of scholars fifty five years to complete.

塞缪尔·约翰逊花了九年时间，期间有六名助手协助他。

It took Samuel Johnson, who had six junior assistants working with him.

有趣的是，这六名助手中有五人是苏格兰人。

And interestingly, of those six junior assistants, five were Scottish.

所以，你知道，他那种对苏格兰人的厌恶显然是装出来的。

So, you know, his Scotophobia clearly was performative.

他们花了九年时间。

It takes them nine years.

约翰逊是一位非常强烈的英国爱国者，他从不忽视强调这项成就如何彰显了英国学术相对于法国学术的优越性。

And Johnson was a very robust English patriot, and he he did not neglect pointing out how well this reflected on on English scholarship relative to French scholarship.

话虽如此，你知道，他一生都是个文字匠。

Having said that, you know, he's been a hack writer all his life.

从某种意义上说，编纂词典是他作为文字匠的巅峰之作。

And in a sense, the compilation of a dictionary was the ultimate masterpiece of hack work.

他在词典中著名地将‘词典编纂者’定义为‘编写词典的人，一个无害的苦工’。

And famously in his dictionary, he he defined lexicographer, the writer of a dictionary, as a writer of dictionaries, a harmless drudge.

但这部词典的精彩之处在于，它最终出版时，真正让他永远摆脱了枯燥的劳役。

But the brilliant thing about the dictionary is that it does actually, when it's finally published, serve to emancipate him from drudgery forever.

所以几十年来，他一直默默无闻地工作，对吧？

So for for decades, he's been working in obscurity, hasn't he?

一直担心自己一事无成。

With this sort of anxiety that he's not really made anything of himself.

但这一切现在都改变了。

But now all of that changes.

是的。

Yeah.

他通过一封著名的信件宣告自己步入了辉煌的名声之中，这封信可能是英语文学史上最有名的信件之一。

And he's he signals his emergence into what is a kind of blaze of fame with a celebrated letter, probably one of the most famous letters ever written in English literature.

因此，在他启动词典编纂项目之初，出版商就为他找到了一位非凡的赞助人。

So at the start of his project, this compilation of the dictionary, his publisher had had found him this incredible patron.

约翰逊以前从未有过赞助人，但现在他有了。

Johnson had never had a patron before, but now he has one.

他是一位政治家。

And this is he's a statesman.

他是一位学者。

He's a scholar.

他是优雅的最高评判者。

He's the supreme arbiter of elegance.

他写了一系列著名的信件，指导儿子如何得体地行事，这位就是切斯特菲尔德伯爵。

Write writes a series of of kind of famous letters advising his son on the correct way to behave, and this is the earl of Chesterfield.

就在约翰逊即将开始编写词典之际，他获得了与切斯特菲尔德伯爵的初次会面机会。

And Johnson is granted an initial audience with the earl of Chesterfield just as he's about to start writing his dictionary.

随后他回到切斯特菲尔德的府邸，却被一众仆人拒之门外。

He then goes back to Chesterfield's house, and he's refused admittance to his lordship by, you know, an array of servants.

于是约翰逊彻底放弃去找切斯特菲尔德，基本上把他忘得一干二净。

And so Johnson just gives up, going to Chesterfield, and, basically, he forgets all about him.

后来词典出版了，切斯特菲尔德却写了一篇热情洋溢的书评，大赞其出色。

And then the dictionary comes out, and Chesterfield writes it a glowing review and basically says, isn't it great?

我是这个项目的赞助人。

I'm the patron of this.

太棒了。

How fantastic.

约翰逊对此彻底失去了耐心，他认为切斯特菲尔德试图插手并索取本不属于他的功劳。

And Johnson completely loses his patience at this and feels that Chesterfield is trying to kind of step in and claim credit where credit is not due.

于是他给切斯特菲尔德写了这封信。

And he writes him this letter.

值得一提的是，切斯特菲尔德对这封信印象深刻，竟故意把它放在客厅里，让众人传阅。

And Chesterfield, to give him credit, is so impressed by it that he actually kind of leaves it lying around in his salon so that people can read it.

于是这件事传了出去，人们觉得非常有趣。

And so the news of it gets out, and people find it very funny.

这就是那封信。

So this is the letter.

尊敬的勋爵，七年过去了，我曾在您的外厅等候，或被拒之门外；在此期间，我克服了种种困难，默默推进我的工作，最终将它推向出版，却未曾得到您一丝帮助、一句鼓励，或一个善意的微笑。

Seven years, my lord, have now passed since I waited in your outward rooms or was repulsed from your door, during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties of which it is useless to complain and have brought it at last to the verge of publication without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor.

难道您不是一位赞助人吗，大人？

Is not a patron, my lord?

一个在别人挣扎求生时漠然旁观，等对方爬上岸后却用帮助来拖累他的人。

One who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help.

我认为这部作品在作家中如此出名，正是因为许多作家在自己的职业生涯中都曾有过类似的体会。

And I think its fame among writers is precisely because it's something that so many writers have recognized it perhaps in their own careers.

所以，这部词典真的让约翰逊成了明星，对吧？

So the dictionary really turns Johnson into a into a star, doesn't it?

随后，他接连出版了一系列作品，使他同样声名鹊起，因为他充分利用了自己的名气。

And then he pours out a series of works that make him equally well known because he's basically capitalizes on his celebrities.

你想给我们详细讲讲这些作品吗？

Do you wanna talk us through these?

嗯，我们系列中关于彼得大帝的部分引用过一首诗。

Well, so there's a poem that we've quoted from, in our series on Peter the Great.

这首诗叫《人类愿望的虚幻》，描写了查理十二世。

It's called The Vanity of Human Wishes, and, it featured Charles the twelfth.

所以，想听这些内容的人可以回去听我们关于彼得大帝的系列节目。

So, people who want to hear that go back and and listen to our our series on Peter the Great.

他写传记。

He does biographies.

他撰写了关于莎士比亚戏剧的巨著，甚至还把他的悲剧《艾琳》搬上了舞台。

He does a massive study of Shakespeare's plays, and he even gets his terrible tragedy, Irene, on.

这要归功于加拉克，你知道的，到这时他已经有了自己的剧院。

And that's courtesy of Garak, you know, who by this point has his own theater.

虽然这部作品在评论界并不成功，但确实为他赚了一些钱。

It's not a great critical success, but it does make him a bit of money.

这很重要，因为尽管声名显赫，约翰逊依然极其贫穷。

And that's important because despite his fame, Johnson is still incredibly poor.

我想他赚的钱并不多。

He's not making that much cash, I guess.

而且，他还有一种倾向，就是把钱随手送给乞丐之类的人。

And, also, he does have this tendency to just give it away to, you know, beggars and so on.

实际上，1758年，他因债务被逮捕，后来由著名小说家、《克拉丽莎》的作者塞缪尔·理查森保释出来。

And, actually, in 1758, he gets arrested for debt, and he has to be bailed out by Samuel Richardson, the the famous novelist, the author of Clarissa.

一年后，他的母亲去世了，他穷得连葬礼费用都付不起，只好匆忙写了一部中篇小说，名叫《拉塞拉斯》。

And then a year later, his mother dies, and he's so short of money to pay for her funeral that he hurriedly writes this novella, which is called Rasalas.

直到今天，你仍然可以阅读这部作品。

You can still read it to this day.

它实际上非常出色。

It's it's actually great.

我的意思是，它篇幅适中，令人愉悦。

I mean, it's pleasantly short.

这一点必须指出。

It has to be said.

故事讲述了一位王子，他从小生活在阿比西尼亚的一个与世隔绝的乐园中。

And it's a story of a prince who he grows up in this kind of sheltered paradise, the paradise of Abyssinia.

后来他离开乐园，去寻找幸福的真谛，却始终未能找到。

And then he leaves it to search for the key to happiness, and he never finds it.

你可以看到，约翰逊显然在通过这部作品处理一些个人问题。

And you can see, you know, Johnson is clearly kind of working issues through there.

这还引发了一场巨大的出版热潮。

And and it's a great publishing sensation.

而且，同样地，这给约翰逊带来了一点收入，但这些钱又渐渐花光了。

And and, again, it gives Johnson a bit of money, but, again, it kind of all dribbles away.

最终，真正让约翰逊获得稳定经济保障的是，1762年他获得了300英镑的年金。

And finally, what does serve to set Johnson on a kind of secure financial footing is that in 1762, he is given a pension of £300.

这笔年金来自王室，是国家对约翰逊编纂《词典》的肯定。

And this comes from the crown, and it is an expression of the state's regard to Johnson for his creation of the Dictionary.

约翰逊曾犹豫是否接受这笔年金。

And Johnson hesitates whether to take it.

他犹豫的一个原因是，这笔年金来自汉诺威王朝的乔治三世，而非斯图亚特王朝。

And one of the reasons for that is that it's coming from George the third, who is from the house of Hanover, so not from the house of Stuart.

而约翰逊依然表现出对斯图亚特王朝的忠诚。

And Johnson is still affecting his loyalty to the Stuarts.

而且，他的词典中对养老金有一个著名的定义。

And also, there's a famous definition of pension in his dictionary.

在英国，人们通常认为养老金是国家雇员为背叛国家而获得的报酬。

In England, it is generally understood to mean pay given to a state hireling for treason to his country.

所以，你可以说，他接受养老金并没有虚伪的证据，但首相巴特伯爵对他说：这不是为了你将来要做的事，而是为了你已经做过的事。

So it's a you could say there's no evidence of hypocrisy in him taking the pension, but the prime minister, the Earl of Bute, says to him, this is, not for anything you are to do, but for what you have done.

所以，基本上没有任何附加条件。

So basically, there's no strings attached.

这纯粹是对您成就的认可。

This is just a recognition for your achievements.

别担心。

Don't worry.

这里没有政治含义。

There's no political subtext here.

约翰逊接受了，这彻底改变了他财务状况。

And Johnson takes it, and this transforms his finances.

他确实如此。

He does.

从那时起，他总是以非常坚定的言辞为接受养老金辩护。

And from that point on, he always defends his taking of the pension in very robust terms.

所以这很有帮助。

So that's a great help.

但在整个这一时期，即使他开始成为名人，他仍深受懒惰、沮丧和抑郁情绪的困扰。

But throughout this period, even as he is starting to become a celebrity, he remains beset by, you know, his indolence, his dejection, his feelings of depression.

我认为这源于一种挥之不去的孤独感。

And I think that this is bred of a a besetting sense of loneliness.

因此，他深爱的妻子特特于1752年去世。

So Tete, his beloved wife, had died in in 1752.

这意味着约翰逊如今独自生活，没有女性伴侣，我认为他深深感受到缺乏女性陪伴的痛苦。

And that means that Johnson is, you know, he's now living without a female companion, and I think he feels the lack of female companionship very deeply.

他，你知道的，他仍然是一个有血有肉的人，但他不是那种我们会从鲍斯韦尔身上看到的、会出去花钱享乐的人。

He, you know, he remains a creature of flesh and blood, but he's not the kind of man as as we will discover Boswell is who will go out and pay.

约翰逊也是一个道德品质极高的人。

Johnson is also a man of the utmost moral property.

鲍斯韦尔传记中有一个精彩的故事：在《艾琳》的排练期间，也就是在加里克的剧院里，约翰逊写信给加里克说：‘大卫，我再也不到你的后台去了，因为女演员们的丝袜和裸露的胸脯会激起我的情欲。’

And there's a wonderful story that's in in in Boswell's biography of how during the rehearsals for Irene, so at Garrick's theater, Johnson writes to Garrick, I'll come no more behind your scenes, David, for the silk stockings and white bosoms of your actresses excite my amorous propensities.

不。

No.

他无法相信自己。

He can't trust himself.

不。

No.

他无法相信自己。

He can't trust himself.

因此，他没有妻子，便越来越依赖朋友来缓解自己的忧郁。

And so he doesn't have a wife, so he becomes ever more dependent on his friends to keep his melancholy at bay.

他一向是个爱社交的人，但现在，我认为他变得近乎执着地热衷于社交。

And he's always been a sociable man, but now he becomes sociable in a kind of almost relentless way, I think.

如果没有人可以交谈，他会非常想念他们的陪伴。

If there aren't people to talk to, he he misses their company terribly.

他常常四处游荡，好让人来找他聊天。

And he sort of hangs around, so people will come and see him in his rooms.

他住在内殿巷的一处公寓里。

So he has an apartment in Inner Temple Lane.

他会在舰队街他最喜欢的酒吧——米特酒吧消磨时光。

He'll hang out on Fleet Street in his favorite pub, which is called The Mitre.

他也会在考文特花园的商店里闲逛。

He'll hang out at the shops at Covent Garden.

因此，在1763年5月16日，他遇到了一位特别的仰慕者，一位约翰逊的超级粉丝，正是这个人将确保他的不朽。

And so it is that on the 05/16/1763, he meets one fan in particular, a Johnson super fan, the man who is going to ensure his immortality.

是的。

Yeah.

这位粉丝当然就是22岁的詹姆斯·博斯韦尔，他将成为我们下一集的主角。

And that fan, of course, was the 22 year old James Boswell, and he will be the subject of our next episode.

另外提醒一下，与本集不同，下一集会出现大量不当行为。

And just a warning, unlike in this episode, there will be quite a lot of bad behavior.

好的。

Alright.

所以这一集将在周四发布。

So that episode will be out on Thursday.

我想，很多人在了解约翰逊与加拉克、博斯韦尔等这些伟大人物所处的社会圈子后，会反思自己也能拥有如此美好的社交圈是多么美好。

Now there'll be a lot of people, I imagine, who thinking about the social circle, which Johnson was a part with Garak and Boswell and all these great characters will reflect on how lovely it is to be part of a social circle themselves.

一个以约翰逊本人俱乐部为原型的社团，那就是‘余史俱乐部’——它或许是人类历史上唯一一个比十八世纪的俱乐部更耀眼的社团。

A club modeled after doctor Johnson's own club, and that is, of course, the rest is history club, which is probably the only club in human history that dazzles more brightly than the clubs of the eighteenth century.

‘余史俱乐部’的成员现在就可以收听关于约翰逊和博斯韦尔的整个系列节目。

And members of TheRestHistory Club can hear the whole of this series about Johnson and Boswell right now.

如果你想加入他们，成为我们聊天社群的一员——正如约翰逊博士会称之为的那样——请直接访问 therestishistory.com。

And if you want to join them and be part of our chat community, as doctor Johnson would have called it, then you just head to therestishistory.com.

好了，就说到这里，汤姆，非常感谢你，各位再见。

And on that bombshell, Tom, thank you very much and goodbye everybody.

再见。

Goodbye.

大家好。

Hi everybody.

我们有一个非常令人兴奋的周边商品更新要与大家分享。

We have a very exciting merchandise update to share with you all.

确实如此，多米尼克。

We do indeed, Dominic.

所以我们又为大家带来了一款独家的《The Rest Is History》T恤。

So we have come back to you with another exclusive rest is history T shirt.

我说是独家的，因为这仅限会员购买。

And I say exclusive because it is only for members.

所以，我们亲爱的Athelstan之一格雷厄姆·约翰逊设计了一幅极其精美的插图。

So Graham Johnson, who is one of our beloved Athelstan's, has come up with an absolutely stunning illustration.

这一次，他创作了一幅极其优美的画面，以纪念塞缪尔·约翰逊和詹姆斯·博斯韦尔的旅程。

So this time, it is an absolutely beautiful scene that he has created to commemorate the journey of Samuel Johnson and James Boswell.

这件T恤上的图案借鉴了20世纪30年代英国铁路广告的风格，描绘了约翰逊和博斯韦尔在高地与赫布里底群岛之旅的场景。

So the scene on the t shirt is kind of modelled in the style of a nineteen thirties railway advert in Britain, and it shows Johnson and Boswell on their tour of the Highlands And Hebrides.

博斯韦尔坐在那里做笔记，而约翰逊医生——我觉得可以说他体型相当庞大——正骑着马奔向山中，马匹因他的体重而略微弯曲。

And Boswell is sat there taking notes, and a large, I think it's fair to say, a doctor Johnson is riding off into the mountains while his horse buckles slightly under his weight.

这真是一件很棒的T恤。

It truly is a wonderful t shirt.

我太喜欢了，以至于现在外衣下面我正穿着三件，因为我实在太喜欢了。

I love it so much that under my hoodie, I'm actually wearing three of them right now because I like them so much.

如果你想入手一件这么可爱的T恤，该怎么做呢？

And if you want to get your hands on one of these lovely t shirts, what you need to do?

你需要访问全新的TheRestHistory网站，登录后进入会员专区，就能买到这件精美的服饰。

Well, you need to head to the new TheRestHistory website, log in, and head to the members section, and there you'll be able to get your hands on one of these delightful garments.

如果你是Apple会员，就需要加入我们的会员邮件列表才能获得访问权限。

And if you're an Apple member, then you'll need to join our member's mailing list to get access.

要这么做，只需发送一封邮件至TheRestIsHistory@GoalHanger.com，主题写上‘Apple会员’，并附上你的会员截图，之后你就会收到链接。

So to do that, just send an email to TheRestIsHistory@GoalHanger.com with Apple member in the subject line and a screenshot of your membership, and you will then be sent the link.

现在有一些观看节目的人还不是会员，这绝对是促使你加入的契机。

Now there'll be some people watching this who are not yet members of the show, and this surely is the spur that you need to get involved.

所以如果你加入节目，不仅能买到超棒的周边商品，还能提前观看我们所有的系列内容。

So if you join the show, not only you'll be able to get your hands on tremendous merchandise, you will also get early access to all our series.

这样你就能在普通观众之前听到内容了。

So you'll be listening before the Hoi Poloi.

你还将获得专属会员内容，比如我们今年推出的独家迷你剧集。

You will get exclusive members content, so the exclusive miniseries that we're rolling out this year.

你将获得额外剧集。

You'll get bonus episodes.

你将获得各种难以置信的福利。

You'll get all kinds of unbelievable benefits.

福利多到我现在都来不及一一列举。

So many benefits that I can't even begin to list them now.

现在加入绝对是最佳时机，快去 therestishistory.com 吧，你知道该怎么做。

There's literally never been a better time to join up, so just go to therestishistory.com, and you know what you gotta do.