654. 三K党：邪恶的崛起（第一部分）

我要调更多军队进来，并且给黑人投票权。

I'm gonna bring in more troops and I'm going to give black people the vote.

所以，你们再也不会赢下任何选举了。

So, you'll never win an election again.

因此，这时他们说，既然如此，我们有权组织自己的准军事力量来对抗你。

And so at this point they say, well, in that case, we're entitled to raise our own paramilitary opposition to you.

这就是1867年三K党真正演变为一个明确政治组织的关键时刻。

And this is the point in the 1867 when the Klan really evolves into an explicitly political organization.

而关键的时刻——这是一个令人震惊的事实——发生在一家酒店，麦克斯韦尔豪斯咖啡就是以这家酒店命名的。

And the key moment, this is an incredible fact, it took place at the hotel after which Maxwell House Coffee is named.

由于他们没有留下记录，我们对这次会议知之甚少。

So we don't know that much about this meeting because they didn't keep records.

基本上，普拉斯基分会的最高首领召集了其他几个三K党分会。

Basically, the grand cyclops of the Pulaski den summoned some of the other Klan dens.

与此同时或稍后，纳什维尔还举行了一场民主党的州级大会。

Now, at the same time or just afterwards, there was a sort of basically a democratic state convention in Nashville.

当时，民主党人自称保守派。

The democrats at this point were calling themselves the conservatives.

真让人困惑。

So confusing.

因此，这些主流政治人物、抵达纳什维尔的民主党人，与几天前抵达的三K党代表之间，很可能存在大量重叠。

So there's probably an overlap between some of these sort of mainstream political people, the democratic party arriving in Nashville, and the KKK delegates arriving a few days before.

实际上，这个最初的三K党与南方的民主党之间有着巨大的重合。

Because there's a huge amount of overlap, actually, between this first Klan and the Democratic Party in the South.

关键人物似乎是前美利坚联盟国陆军准将乔治·W·戈登，也就是戈登将军，汤姆。

And the key figure seems to have been former brigadier general in the Confederate army called George w Gordon, general Gordon, Tom.

戈登将军怎么可能是个坏人呢，多米尼克？

Surely a general Gordon can't be a bad man, Dominic.

别告诉我这是真的。

Tell me it ain't so.

我知道，让一位名叫戈登的将军出现在节目中，确实让历史上那些戈登将军们蒙羞，这很令人难过。

I know it's sad to have a general Gordon on the show who's letting the general Gordons of history down.

这位将军戈登，乔治·W·戈登，在战争结束时是年轻的邦联将军。

So this general Gordon, George w Gordon, he was the youngest Confederate general at the war's end.

他当时31岁，回到普尔斯基成为一名律师。

He was 31 years old, and he came back to Pulaski to become a lawyer.

他为三K党撰写了一份新的纲领。

And he wrote a new blueprint for the Klan.

这份纲领被称为‘章程’。

It was called its prescript.

我知道你特别喜欢漫威超级英雄电影，这就像一份庞大的复仇者联盟或某个超级英雄团队的组织架构图。

And, basically, I know you're a big fan of the Marvel superhero films, and this is like a massive administrative chart for the Avengers or something, or some team of of superheroes.

所以它是这样运作的。

So this is how it works.

如果你是三K党的普通成员，你就被称为‘幽灵’，并隶属于一个‘窝’。

If you're an ordinary member of the Ku Klux Klan, you are a ghoul and you belong to a den.

每个窝由一名大环眼和两名夜鹰领导。

And each den is headed by a grand cyclops and two nighthawks.

天啊，两个夜鹰。

God, not two nighthawks.

是的。

Yeah.

两个夜鹰，不是一个。

Two nighthawks, not just one.

还有省级的巨人们和四个哥布林。

There is the grand giant of the province and four goblins.

再往上，是州级的泰坦和四个复仇女神。

Then above them, there's a grand titan of the dominion and four furies.

然后是王国的巨龙。

Then there's the grand dragon of the realm.

王国就是州。

The realm is the state.

还有八条九头蛇。

And there's eight hydras.

在他们之上，是帝国的伟大的巫师和他的十位精灵。

And then above them, there is the grand wizard of the empire and his 10 genie.

而帝国就是美国南方。

And the empire is the American South.

你知道那是什么吗？

You know what it is?

是那些讨厌托尔金但从未读过他作品的人。

It's people who hate Tolkien and have never read him.

这就是他们心目中《魔戒》的样子。

It's what they think Lord of the Rings is like.

这更像是C.S.刘易斯的作品，对吧？

It's more sort of CS Lewis, isn't it?

因为C.S.刘易斯把所有东西都堆了进去。

Because CS Lewis throws everything at it.

他里面甚至还有圣诞老人。

He's got Father Christmas in there.

他还加入了讽刺元素。

He's got satires.

他什么都有。

He's got whatever.

这就是它的本质。

That's what this is.

因为还有很多其他职位，我不太清楚它们具体属于哪里。

Because there's also there's a whole load of other offices that I don't really know where they fit in.

有大土耳其人、大法师，还有大守卫。

There's grand Turks, grand magi, there are grand sentinels.

此外，我特别喜欢的是，他们设立了两个内部法庭，用来审判犯错的官员。

And then what I love as well, they set up two internal tribunals, which tries you if you're an officer and you've done something wrong.

而如果你只是一个普通的亡灵，就会由半人马委员会来审判你。

And if you're just an ordinary ghoul, then you're tried by the Council of Centaurs.

因此，他们还正式发布了三K党的宗旨声明。

So they they also issue a formal statement of the Klan's purpose.

你现在提到了沃尔特·斯科特。

Now you mentioned Walter Scott.

这正是典型的沃尔特·斯科特。

This is classic Walter Scott.

这是一个骑士精神、人性、仁慈与爱国主义的机构，其精髓与原则体现了所有骑士般的举止、崇高的情感、慷慨的男子气概和爱国的宗旨。

This is an institution of chivalry, humanity, mercy and patriotism, embodying in its genius and its principles all that is chivalric in conduct, noble in sentiment, generous in manhood and patriotic in purpose.

它的目标是保护弱者、无辜者和无助者，免受不公、压迫与暴行，以及无赖、暴力者和残暴者的侵害。

Its goals are to protect the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless from the indignities of and wrongs and outrages, the lawless, the violent, and the brutal.

但 presumably，当

But presumably, when

它提到弱者、无辜者和无助者时，并不是指前奴隶。

it says the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless, it's not referring to former slaves.

不。

No.

不。

No.

不。

No.

这是在保护白人，使其免受前奴隶及其在共和党和联邦军队中的盟友所构成的暴政之害。

This is defending white people from what it sees as the tyranny of the former slaves and their allies in the Republican Party and the Union Army.

这完全是典型的南方言论。

And it's this all textbook southern stuff.

这正是南方人在内战前和内战期间所说的话。

This is what the southerners were saying before and during the civil war.

我们是怀旧、骑士精神、旧英格兰和旧世界价值观的代表，对抗北方资本主义那没有灵魂的机器。

We are the forces of nostalgia, of chivalry, the values of Old England and the old country against the soulless machine of Northern capitalism.

而且

And

而且，我们才是这里的受害者。

also, we are the victims here.

哦，是的。

Oh, yeah.

我们是受害者，这一点对这三个组织来说都至关重要。

We are the victims is so central to well, to all three clans, actually.

实际上，一些听这个的人会说，你知道的，他们有点夸大其词了。

And actually, some of the people listening to this will say, you know, they're over egging this.

这并没有什么特别种族主义的地方。

There's nothing very racist about this.

但你要回答的那十个问题，用来判断是否成为食尸鬼，反而暴露了一切。

But the 10 questions that you have to answer to become a ghoul rather give the game away.

你曾经加入过共和党吗？

Have you ever belonged to the Republican party?

你在战争期间是否为联邦军队服役过？

Did you serve in the union army in the war?

你反对黑人平等吗？

Do you oppose black equality?

你支持南方的宪法权利吗？

Do you support the constitutional rights of the South?

这基本上意味着，你是否支持逆转战争的结果、逆转重建进程，并重新推行白人至上主义和对非裔美国人的压迫。

And what that basically means is, are you on board to reverse the results of the war, to reverse the process of reconstruction, and to reimpose white supremacy and the subordination of African Americans.

就在麦克斯韦尔豪斯会议几周后，这个组织有了它的象征性领袖。

Then a few weeks after this Maxwell House meeting, this group gets its figurehead.

而这位领袖是第一个三K党派的首位也是唯一一位大巫师。

And the figurehead is the first and only grand wizard of the first Klan.

这位大巫师是一位名叫内森·贝德福德·福雷斯特的前邦联将军。

And this is another former Confederate general called Nathan Bedford Forrest.

所以他是最高级别的 clan 成员？

So he's top clansman?

他是大巫师。

It's the grand wizard.

没有比大巫师更大的职位了。

You can't get bigger than the grand wizard.

汤姆，你有在看那个组织架构图吗？

Were you following that administrative chart, Tom?

所以并没有一个类似索伦的角色。

So there isn't a kind of Sauron equivalent.

没有。

No.

他就是索伦。

He is Sauron.

他就是索伦。

He is Sauron.

他完全就是索伦。

He completely is.

所以内森·贝德福德·福雷斯特来自田纳西州。

So Nathan Bedford Forrest was from Tennessee.

他曾经是个种植园主。

He's a former plantation owner.

他曾经是个奴隶贩子。

He's a former slave trader.

他在邦联军队中迅速崛起，你知道的。

He had really, you know, rocketed up in the Confederate army.

他最初以一名普通士兵入伍，后来晋升为骑兵将军，因他豪迈的风格而被称为‘马背上的巫师’。

He'd enlisted as a private and rose to become a cavalry general, he was nicknamed the wizard of the saddle for his swashbuckling style.

所以巫术确实是他的标志吗？

So wizardry is very much his thing then?

确实是他的标志，但这个人也有黑暗的一面。

Very much his thing, although there is a dark side to this guy.

北方人把他视为战犯，因为在1864年发生过一件名为皮洛堡的事件，当时联邦驻军已经投降。

So Northerners saw him as a war criminal because there was one particular incident in place called Fort Pillow in 1864, where the Union garrison or whatever had surrendered.

驻军中有很多黑人士兵，而纳森·贝德福德·福雷斯特的手下据称在他们投降后，对他们进行了酷刑并砍杀，数百人遇害。

Many of its troops were black, and Nathan Bedford Forrest's men had allegedly tortured and then hacked them to death, hundreds of them, after they had surrendered.

历史学家们至今对此仍有争议，但我的个人看法是他确实这么做了。

Historians still argue about this, but my personal view is he definitely did it.

纳森·贝德福德·福雷斯特在战争结束时仍在南方腹地作战。

Nathan Bedford Forrest had ended the war fighting down in the Deep South.

当他听说罗伯特·E·李投降后，就解散了部队。

He disbanded his troops when he heard about Robert E.

李的投降。

Lee's surrender.

因此，他直到这么晚才投降，反而在南方公众心中增添了传奇色彩。

So actually, the fact that he gave up so late adds to his luster for the Southern public.

和许多前邦联军官一样，他随后把钱投向了铁路。

Like a lot of former Confederate officers, he then put his money into railroads.

这个时期人人都这么做。

Everybody does this in this period.

所以他只是变成了一名铁路投机者。

So he's just sort of become a sort of railroad speculator.

不清楚他是主动加入三K党，还是被邀请加入，但无论如何，他都成了三K党最完美的公众形象。

It's not clear whether he volunteered to join the Klan or he was invited, but either way, he became the perfect public face for it.

因为对白人南方公众而言，内森·贝德福德·福雷斯特就是那位战斗到最后一刻的豪迈邦联军官的化身。

Because to the white Southern public, Nathan Bedford Forrest is the incarnation of the swashbuckling Confederate officer who fights to the very end.

但他实际上只是一个象征性人物。

But he's really just a figurehead.

实际上，所有这些团体都是这样，地方团体才是真正的主导力量。

That's the point with all the clans actually, is that local groups make all the running.

从来没有任何强大而连贯的中央组织。

There's never really any very strong, coherent central organization.

所以它非常分散，这反过来必然使它难以彻底根除。

So it's very decentralized, which in turn must make it hard to kind of stamp out.

是的。

Yeah.

当根本没有人可找、没有具体的人可以对话时，你该怎么根除它呢？

How do you stamp it out when there's when there's no one to know, there's no person to talk to?

现在我们来到了1867年，就在即将中断之前。

So now we've got to the 1867, just as we approach the break.

三K党仍然高度地方化，但无疑已经变得更加公开和更具政治性。

And the Klan is still very localized, but it has definitely now become much more public and much more political.

例如，《普拉斯基公民报》定期刊登关于三K党集会的报道。

So the Pulaski Citizen newspaper, for example, is running regular reports on Klan meetings.

1867年6月5日，举行了第一次三K党公开游行。

On the 06/05/1867, there is the first Klan public parade.

大约75名三K党成员身着服装游行穿过城镇，当地报纸的报道称，这类事情听起来简直疯了。

About 75 Klansmen marching through the town in costume, the report in the local paper, as so many of these things sounds absolutely demented.

汤姆，你愿意用你那出色的南方口音念一下吗？

Tom, do wanna read it in your in your splendid southern accent?

队伍由大环眼带领，他穿着一件飘逸的白色长袍，戴着一顶约18英寸高的白帽。

The column was led by the grand cyclops who had on a flowing white robe, a white hat, about 18 inches high.

他面容庄严而慈祥，留着长长的银白色头发。

He had a very venerable and benevolent looking face, and long silvery locks.

接下来是两名来自监狱的高个子男子。

Next there followed two of the tallest men at a jail.

其中一人穿着色彩斑斓的长袍，戴着可怕的面具和一顶透明的帽子。

One of them had on a robe of many colors, with a hideous mask and a transparent hat.

他们用荷兰语、希伯来语或其他某种语言交谈。

They conversed in Dutch, Hebrew, or some other language.

现在有两个人穿着一模一样的衣服，都戴着面具和某种奇特的服装。

Now two of them were dressed alike, all having on masks and some sort of fanciful costume.

是的。

Yeah.

有趣的是，他们没有两个人穿得一样。

Interesting there that they're not no two are dressed alike.

所以没有统一的制服。

So there's no uniform.

他们并不是都穿着白色长袍。

They're not all wearing white robes.

他们只是基本上穿着盛装。

They are wearing they're just basically wearing fancy dress.

这真是太阴森了，不是吗？

And that is so sinister, isn't it?

我的意思是，这太阴森了。

I mean, it's so sinister.

这就像是他们打扮成小丑之类的样子，而他们之后确实会这么做。

It's kind of like they're dressing up in as clowns or something, which they will be doing in due course.

但我觉得，被一群打扮成小丑的人袭击，比被普通的混混袭击要可怕得多。

But, I mean, it's much more frightening to be attacked, I think, by, you know, a bunch of people dressed up as clowns, say, than just by your everyday thug.

是的。

Yeah.

实际上，这话有道理。

I guess that is true, actually.

如果一个小丑揍你，那真的会吓死人。

If a clown beat you up, that'd be really terrifying.

那绝对会让人毛骨悚然。

That would be absolutely frightening.

不过，到目前为止，他们还没真正开始打人。

Now, at this point, they haven't yet really started beating people up.

田纳西州在八月有选举，但气氛非常平静。

Tennessee has elections that August, but they're quite quiet.

为什么会这样呢？

Now why is that?

实际上，这是因为当地的前南方邦联支持者疯狂地希望——这恰恰说明他们多么内化了自己的言论。

It's actually because the local ex Confederates are hoping, madly, it's a sign of how much they've internalized their own rhetoric.

他们希望昔日的奴隶会投票支持他们的主人。

They are hoping that their former slaves will vote with their masters.

他们心里对自己说：他们知道什么对自己最好。

They're sort of saying to themselves, well, they know what's best for them.

他们会决定，其实自己并没有那么讨厌奴隶制。

They'll they'll decide they never really disliked slavery that much.

他们大概会投我们一票。

They'll probably vote for us.

总之，共和党在白人南方人中迅速取得了全面胜利。

Anyway, there's republicans win a quick clean sweep among the white southerners.

有一种可怕的震惊感。

There's this sense of terrible shock.

他们无法相信自己的非裔美国邻居竟然投了反对他们的票。

They can't believe that their African American neighbors have voted against them.

那年夏天晚些时候，自由民局的朱德上尉首次报告了三K党的情况，他写道：这个组织人数众多，似乎遍及整个地区，指的是这个县。

And late that summer, captain Jud of the Freedmen's Bureau reports on the Klan for the first time, and he writes, this society is very numerous and it seems to extend all over the country, meaning the county.

他们穿着制服，完全伪装地在街道上游荡。

They march about the streets thoroughly disguised in uniform.

我得到可靠消息说，他们装备了重武器。

I'm credibly informed that they are heavily armed.

我确信，如果他们真要行动，会造成巨大的破坏。

I am sure they're capable of great mischief if they undertake it.

这里最正直的公民说，这个三K党只是年轻人为了好玩而组建的，他们从不打算干涉任何人。

The best citizens here say this Ku Klux Klan is got up by the young men merely for fun, and they never intend to interfere with anyone.

这也许是真的，但我对此深表怀疑。

This may well be true, but I doubt it mightily.

三K党现在正准备从田纳西州中部的几个县向外扩张。

The Klan is poised to expand now from a few counties in Central Tennessee.

它即将从田纳西州蔓延到整个前美利坚联盟国的每一个州。

It is now it is then gonna burst out of Tennessee to every state in the former Confederacy.

尽管它口口声声宣扬荣誉与骑士精神，三K党即将掀起一场

And for all its talk of honor and chivalry, the Ku Klux Klan is about to unleash a reign of

恐怖统治。

terror.

好了，就以这个令人不寒而栗的结论休息一下吧。

Well, on that chilling note, let's take a break.

本集由Anthropic公司的Claude赞助播出。

This episode is brought to you by Claude by Anthropic.

现在，汤姆，你和我每次见面，总是为一件事争论，对吧？

Now, Tom, you and I, when we're together, we always argue about one thing, don't we?

那就是尼斯湖水怪是否存在。

It's the existence or otherwise of the Loch Ness monster.

但你愚蠢地持怀疑态度，不相信苏格兰那片冰冷湖泊底下存在怪物。

But you foolishly are skeptical, and you don't think that there is a monster beneath the freezing waters of that Scottish loch.

因为据我了解，从人工智能的角度来看，蛇颈龙根本无法在苏格兰水域生存，那里的水温实在太低了。

Because as I know from AI, a plesiosaur would not be able to survive in Scottish waters because they'd just be too cold for it.

不过，汤姆，这种来回争论正是研究历史如此有趣的原因，实际上，Claude 就是为这种思考方式而生的。

Well, Tom, this back and forth is what makes studying history so fun, and actually Claude was made for this kind of thinking.

深度研究功能可以同时从数十个来源中提取信息。

The deep research feature can pull from dozens of sources at once.

它能揭示这些来源之间的矛盾，并为你提供完整的分析和引用，让你自己追踪证据。

It can surface contradictions between them, and it can give you a full breakdown with citations so that you can trace the evidence yourself.

这就像是拥有一个读过几乎所有资料、并热衷于讨论其真实含义的研究伙伴。

It's like having a research partner who's read literally everything and wants to chat about what it actually means.

实际上，这跟多米尼克非常像。

So very like Dominic, actually.

前往 claude.ai/restishistory 免费试用 Claude。

Try Claude for free at claude.ai/restishistory.

三K党被号召去谴责或杀害任何支持由首都可鄙的地毯baggers炮制的宪法的黑人。

The Ku Klux Klan are called upon to castigate or kill any colored cusses who may approve the constitution being concocted by the contemptible carpetbaggers at the capital.

每个 clan 都由一名嗜血的 kern 指挥，他谨慎而小心地召集同伴，其谨慎程度与事业的重大性相称。

Each clan is commanded by a carnivorous kern who collects his comrades with care and caution commensurate with the magnitude of the cause.

每次集会时，他们必须正确说出四个暗号。

Whenever convened, they must correctly give four counter signs.

这些暗号是：杀死黑人、清除地毯baggers、粉碎大会、维护保守主义、让混乱充斥国会、联盟军将征服一切。

These are kill the colored cuss, clean out the carpetbaggers, crush the convention, carry conservatism, confusion to congress, confederates will conquer.

所以，这是1868年弗吉尼亚报纸《里士满信使报》上一篇疯狂的文章。

So that is an insane article in a Virginia newspaper, the Richmond dispatch in the 1868.

而我未能充分传达的是，在那份报纸节选的印刷版中，所有按常规拼写以字母 c 开头的词，都被改成了以 k 开头。

And what I could not adequately convey was the degree to which all the words which begin with c in conventional spelling, they are given k's in the the printout of that section from the newspaper.

是的。

Yeah.

现在我们已经向前推进了几个月。

So we've moved on a few months now.

差不多吧，我们之前讲的是1866年，现在正转向1868年。

Sort of, we were in 1866, we're moving towards 1868.

你刚才说这是来自弗吉尼亚的，汤姆。

And that is from you said it was from Virginia, Tom.

所以我们已经走出了田纳西州。

So we've moved outside Tennessee.

有些报纸称之为三K党病毒，它已经蔓延到了其原籍州的边界之外。

The Ku Klux virus, as, some papers called it, has spread beyond the borders of its original state.

正如那篇文章所示，实际上，它现在比十八个月前更加公开地表现出种族主义和暴力倾向。

And as that article shows, actually, it is much more overtly racist and violent even now than it was eighteen months or so ago.

现在，很多变化都源于背景在不断改变。

Now a lot of this is down to the fact that context is changing all the time.

所以我在第一集中提到过，1866年和1867年，华盛顿在总统安德鲁·约翰逊——林肯的继任者，来自田纳西——和国会中所谓的激进共和党人之间爆发了权力斗争，而国会赢了。

So I mentioned in the first episode, in 1866 and 1867, there was a power struggle in Washington between president Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor from Tennessee, and the so called radical Republicans in Congress, and Congress won it.

首先，国会成功推动了第十四修正案的通过。

So first of all, Congress secured the passage of the fourteenth amendment.

因此，第十四修正案将美国公民身份扩展至所有在美国出生的人，包括前奴隶。

So the fourteenth amendment extends American citizenship to anybody born in The United States, including former slaves.

他们现在是美国公民。

They are now American citizens.

第十四修正案规定，任何州不得在没有正当法律程序的情况下剥夺任何人的生命、自由或财产。

The fourteenth amendment mandates that no state can deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

正当法律程序，我的意思是，过去一个半世纪以来，如此多的宪法争议都围绕着这些词语以及你对一个人能做什么、不能做什么展开。

That due process of law, I mean, so much constitutional argument in the last kind of century and a half has has come down to those words and what you can and cannot do to somebody.

这不就是成文宪法的问题所在吗？

That's the problem with the written constitution, isn't it?

荒谬至极。

Bonkers.

我跟你一样不认同这一点。

I don't agree with it any more than you do.

第十四修正案还保障所有公民享有平等的法律保护。

And the fourteenth amendment also guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law.

再次强调，这些条款的含义在未来几年将引发激烈争议。

Again, what that means will be hotly contested in the years to come.

激进的共和党人试图将总统约翰逊赶下台。

The radical Republicans tried to get rid of, president Johnson.

他们对他提出弹劾，但他仅以一票之差在参议院幸存下来，因此他勉强维持着职位。

They impeached him, and he survived by just one vote in the senate, so he's kind of clinging on.

但如今，他们掌握了全部的势头和权力。

But they have all the momentum now and all the power.

从1867年春天到1868年初，他们更进一步，通过了四项重建法案，这些法案不仅远远超出了约翰逊对南方的计划，甚至很可能也超越了亚伯拉罕·林肯1865年去世时为南方制定的设想。

Between spring eighteen sixty seven and early eighteen sixty eight, they went further and they passed four reconstruction acts that went way beyond not just Johnson's plans for the South, but almost certainly what Abraham Lincoln was planning for the South when he died in 1865.

因此，在1867至1868年期间，整个前美利坚联盟国（田纳西州除外，它已被重新接纳入联邦）都被置于军事管制之下，由美国陆军治理。

So now, eighteen sixty seven, sixty eight, the entire former Confederacy, except for Tennessee, which has been readmitted to the union, the entire former Confederacy is put under martial law and governed by the United States Army.

选举将在军队监督下举行，以确保黑人男性能够参与投票。

And elections will be held under military supervision so that black men can vote in them.

换句话说，他们基本上是在说，距离战争结束已经两年半了。

So in other words, they're basically saying it's it's two and a half years since the end of the war.

南方证明自己无法自律。

The South has proved incapable of behaving itself.

我们正在重新实施军事管制。

We are reimposing martial law.

如果你曾经是奴隶，这将令人无比振奋。

Now this is very exciting if you're a former slave.

因为现在你似乎有了保障，只要你是男性，就能行使作为美国公民的权利并投票。

Because now you have what looks like a guarantee that you will be able to exercise your rights as an American citizen if you're a man and cast your vote.

因此，获得自由的黑人纷纷踊跃加入联盟联盟和当地的共和党组织，因为

And so there's a great rush to enroll in things like these union leagues and local republican organizations on the part of the freedmen because

他们觉得这太棒了。

they're like, brilliant.

我们可以投票了，没人能阻止我们。

We can we can vote and nobody will stop us.

所以当南方各州在1868年举行选举时，结果强烈倾向于共和党。

So when the Southern states hold elections in the 1868, the results very heavily favor the Republican party.

对吧？

Right?

亚伯拉罕·林肯的整个政党，解放的政党。

Abraham Lincoln's whole party, the party of emancipation.

是的。

Yeah.

当然。

Of course.

因此，在接下来的两年里，南方大部分地区将由共和党执政。

And so that means that for the next two years, much of the South will be under Republican rule.

如果你是支持过美利坚联盟国的白人南方人，这对你来说简直是噩梦。

And if you're a white Southerner who supported the Confederacy, this is an absolute nightmare for you.

他们毫不掩饰地表示，一定要推翻并摧毁这一切。

And they made no secret of their desire that they would roll this back and destroy it.

正如一家民主党报纸所言，这些宪法和政府能存在多久，完全取决于当初将它们推上台的刺刀还能维持多久，一天都不会多。

As one Democrat newspaper put it, these constitutions and governments will last just as long as the bayonets which ushered them into being shall keep them in existence and not one day longer.

换句话说，南方白人会说：没错，你们赢了这一局，你们赢得了这场战斗，但我们终将击败你们。

In other words, the white southerners say, sure you've won this, you know, you won the battle, but we will defeat you.

我们会逆转这一切， undo 所有这些，重新夺回我们昔日的主导地位。

We will roll this back and undo all this and regain our former supremacy.

通过宪法之外的手段。

By extra constitutional means.

如果有必要的话，对吧？

If necessary, right?

而且他们认为——别忘了——他们是在为自己的宪法自由和宪法特权等而战。

And they think they are I mean they think, don't forget, that they are fighting in defense of their constitutional liberties and their constitutional privileges and whatnot.

他们会说：好吧，如果我们为了捍卫宪法而不得不偶尔使用宪法之外的手段，那也只能如此。

And they would say, well, know, if we have to sometimes use extra constitutional means to defend the constitution, then so be it.

他们就是这么想的。

That's what they would say.

而他们最强大的两种武器是。

And they have two weapons above all.

对吧？

Right?

第一个武器很简单，就是时间。

The first weapon is very simply time.

所以，如果你是一个白人民主党人，一个前南方邦联分子，你会对自己说：我永远不会放弃。

So if you're a white, Democrat, a white ex Confederate, you say to yourself, I will never give up.

这对我来说绝对是生死攸关的。

This is absolutely existential for me.

这关乎我的生活方式、自我认同，以及我活在世上的意义。

This is central to my way of life and my sense of myself and the reason I'm on earth.

所以，最终这对他们来说比对联邦支持者更重要。

So it matters more to them than it does to the unionists, ultimately.

当然。

Of course.

如果你住在康涅狄格州或俄亥俄州，或者别的地方，最终你并不真的关心佐治亚州或密西西比州正在发生什么。

If you live in Connecticut or Ohio or whatever, ultimately, you don't really care what's going on in Georgia or in Mississippi.

所以随着时间推移，你会失去兴趣。

So over time, you will lose interest.

你会开始考虑你的铁路投资和其他镀金时代的事务。

You'll be thinking about your railroad investments and other such gilded age things.

但如果你是南方人，你永远不会停止思考这件事。

But if you're a southerner, you will never stop thinking about this.

他们拥有的第二种武器是暴力，这种暴力会在三个层面上发挥作用。

And the second weapon they have is violence, and that will work on three levels.

首先，通过暴力恐吓非裔美国人远离投票站。

First of all, violence to intimidate African Americans away from the polls.

其次，通过暴力破坏和摧毁当地的共和党组织。

Secondly, violence to disrupt and destroy local republican organizations.

最后，也是我认为最关键的一点：你越暴力，就越能说服北方人放弃。

And finally, and I think in many ways, the key thing, the more violent you are, the more it will persuade people in the North to give up.

因为北方人只会说：算了吧。

Because people in the North will just say, oh, come on.

我们永远改变不了南方。

We're never gonna change the South.

这是一团乱麻。

It's a morass.

但你知道人们是怎么想的。

But you know how people think like that.

人们总是这样想。

People always think like that.

他们往往不会加倍投入，说我们要派更多军队。

They they they don't they often don't double down and say, we'll send more troops.

他们实际上会说，天啊，真是个烂摊子和噩梦。

They actually say, god, what a mess and a nightmare.

我们还是收手吧。

Let's just call it a day.

别再插手了

Take our hand out of the

配套混搭。

matchy mix.

这就是氏族扩张的背景。

So this is the background for the expansion of the clan.

是的。

Yes.

它最初可能只是打扮玩乐、社交俱乐部、为女孩唱歌之类的活动。

It started as possibly as dressing up, as having fun, as a social club, serenading girls, whatever.

但到了这个时候，它已经演变成一种以白人至上主义名义推翻共和统治的准军事组织联盟。

But by this point, it has become much more a sort of association of paramilitary groups that are dedicated to overthrowing republican rule in the name of white supremacy.

实际上它并不是唯一的。

It's not the only one actually.

还有其他的。

So there are others.

有一个叫白人兄弟会的组织。

There's a group called the White Brotherhood.

北卡罗来纳州有一个叫‘隐形帝国’的组织。

There's a group called the Invisible Empire in North Carolina.

最著名的一个是，你刚才提到沃尔特·斯科特和那种骑士精神的内容。

The most famous one, I mean, you were saying about Walter Scott in the first half, and the sort of stuff about chivalry.

这在南方文化中非常普遍，因为最著名的对手叫‘白山茶花骑士团’，是在路易斯安那州成立的。

That's so common in Southern kind of culture, because the most famous rival is called the Knights of the White Camellias, and that was set up in Louisiana.

他们听起来并不吓人。

They don't sound very frightening.

他们非常可怕。

They're very frightening.

不，他们极其暴力。

No, they're terribly violent.

我可以告诉你，你绝对不希望成为白山茶花骑士团的对立面。

I mean, you don't want be on the wrong side of the Knights of the White Camellias, can tell you.

他们于1867年5月在新奥尔良成立，而那个时期的新奥尔良是一座极其暴力的城市。

They were founded in New Orleans, an extremely violent city in this period, in May 1867.

他们有着类似的仪式、握手暗号和密码，并且在他们的章程中明确宣称致力于——我引用原文——白人种族的至上地位。

They had similar rituals and handshakes and passwords, and they were explicitly devoted in their constitution to, and I quote, the supremacy of the white race.

是的。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

他们确实很可怕。

They are frightening.

但在所有这些组织中，三K党扩张得最广。

But of all of them, it's the Klan that expands the furthest.

我认为，部分原因在于内森·贝德福德·福雷斯特。

Part of this, I think, is because of Nathan Bedford Forrest.

他真是一个绝佳的代言人。

He's a really good front man for it.

尤其是因为他还是塞尔玛、马里昂和孟菲斯铁路公司的总裁。

Not least because he's the president of the Selma, Marion and Memphis Railroad.

因此，他在履行铁路职责时频繁穿梭于南方各地，尤其是密西西比州和阿拉巴马州。

So he's traveling a lot across the South in his railroad duties, especially Mississippi and Alabama.

他同时也是一名人寿保险推销员，所以他会四处奔波，向寡妇之类的人推销人寿保险。

He's also a life insurance salesman, so he's kind of traveling to sell life insurance to widows or whatever.

每到一处，他都会结识当地的权贵和其他南方邦联退伍军人、像他一样的军官，这些人对南方所发生的变化深感不满。在他离开后，这些人便会建立类似三K党这样的准军事组织，以抵御激进重建带来的‘恐怖’。

And whenever he's there, he will meet local bigwigs and he'll meet other Confederate veterans, other officers like him who don't like what's happened to the South, and they will set up after he's left, other paramilitary groups like the Klan to defend the South against the horrors of radical reconstruction.

我认为，许多最终成为南方 Klan 组织的‘大龙’和‘大 titan’的人，都是纳撒尼尔·贝德福德·福雷斯特在推销人寿保险时结识的旧友、战友之类的人，他激励他们建立了自己的分支。

And these, I think I get the impression that a lot of the people who end up becoming grand dragons and grand titans of the Southern clan are ex kind of drinking buddies, war comrades and whatnot of Nathan Bedford Forrest, who he's visited in his life insurance duties and then inspired them to set up their own clans.

你觉得他会把头衔和人寿保险打包在一起卖吗？

Do you think he bundles in a title with life insurance?

把保险拿走，你就能当个大精灵。

Take it out and you can be a grand gnome.

对。

Right.

没错。

Exactly.

但事实上，我认为在传播这个组织方面，最大的影响其实是南方的民主党报纸。

But actually I think the biggest influence in spreading the clan is actually just the newspapers, Southern Democratic newspapers.

因此，到1868年，它们定期报道田纳西州三K党的活动，基本上在说：在田纳西州，有一个叫三K党的组织，为他们喝彩，因为他们正在反抗共和党强加的黑人统治。

So they are regularly reporting by 1868 the Klan's activities in Tennessee and they're basically saying, you know, in Tennessee there's this group called the Klan and hurrah for them, they are fighting back against the tyrannical imposition of black rule by the Republican party.

这是1868年3月《里士满弗吉尼亚询问报》和《观察家报》的内容。

So this is the Richmond Virginia Enquirer and Examiner in March 1868.

它称，三K党在面具之下隐藏着与布鲁图斯藏在伪装成愚钝面具下的决心、高尚与英勇同样坚定的目标。

It said that the Klan was behind its mask was a purpose as resolute, noble, and heroic as that which Brutus concealed beneath his mask of well dissembled idiocy.

这对布鲁图斯公平吗？

Is that fair to Brutus?

让布鲁图斯重回节目，是不是很棒？

It's great to have Brutus back on the show, isn't it?

因为布鲁图斯深受布斯的钦佩，他是领导推翻君主制的罗马共和派领袖。

Because he was much admired by Booth, and he is the, the leader of the Roman Republicans who threw out the monarchy.

这是第一位布鲁图斯，那个领导反抗君主制的布鲁图斯。

This is the the first Brutus, the Brutus who leads the rebellion against the the monarchy.

哦，是反对自命不凡的人。

Oh, against talking the proud.

因为他把自己伪装成一个傻子。

Because he disguised himself as a as an idiot.

所以我认为这就是当时的情况。

So I think that's what's going on there.

所以他们穿上那种荒谬的服装，是为了掩盖自己实际上是冷酷杀手的事实。

So the the the idea that they're dressing up in kind of ludicrous costumes, they're disguising the fact that secretly they're ruthless killers.

是的。

Yes.

有趣的是，他们并不认为自己是阴谋者。

And and funny thing is that they don't think they're the conspirators.

他们觉得阴谋是别人搞的。

They think the conspiracy is somebody else.

因为这家里士满报纸说，真正的阴谋是秘密的黑人阴谋，其目标是建立黑人统治。

Because as this Richmond newspaper says, the conspiracy is secret Negro conspiracy which has faced objects the establishment of Negro domination.

顺便说一下，他们平时就是用这种语言的。

This is the kind of language they use all the time, by the way.

所以有两个明显的问题：什么样的人会加入，以及在哪里加入？

So, two obvious questions, what kind of people join it and where?

首先，三K党在共和党人众多的地方不会盛行，这显而易见。

So first of all, the Klan does not thrive in places where there are lots and lots of Republicans for obvious reasons.

比如，在内战时支持联邦的地区，像阿巴拉契亚山区这种没有种植园的地方，几乎不可能有太多人加入三K党。

If it's a place that backed the union in the civil war, for example, in the Appalachians, in the mountains where there are no plantations, there are never gonna be many people to join the Klan.

那里根本就没有足够的南方邦联支持者。

There just aren't enough Confederates.

此外，人们也不会在被非裔美国人——即获得自由的黑人——大幅 outnumber 的地方设立三K党组织。

Also, people aren't gonna set up a Klan somewhere where they are massively outnumbered by African Americans, by freedmen.

比如密西西比三角洲地区。

So in the Mississippi Delta.

在密西西比三角洲，黑人的人数是白人的三倍。

In the Mississippi Delta, black people outnumber white by three to one.

在那里成立三K党简直是疯了，因为你知道，你肯定会挨打。

You'd be mad to set up the Klan there because really, you know, you'd get beaten up.

你会站在那场斗争的错误一方。

You'd be on the wrong side of that fight.

基本上，三K党只会出现在黑人和白人人口大致相等，或者白人略微处于劣势的地方。

Basically the Klan ends up being set up where black and white populations are roughly equal, or where whites are slightly outnumbered.

他们之所以能做到这一点，是因为白人已经拥有武器，而黑人没有。

And they can do that because the whites have already access to weapons and the blacks don't.

总的来说，白人拥有武器，而且是更好的武器。

The whites by and large, they have access to weapons and better weapons.

他们更富有。

They are richer.

他们更有权力。

They are more powerful.

他们人脉更广。

They are better connected.

他们拥有更多的资源。

They have more resources.

你知道，所有这些方面。

You know, all of those kinds of things.

我猜他们还控制着法律体系。

And I suppose also they have control of the legal system.

是的，当然。

Yes, of course.

警长、法官，所有这些方面。

Sheriffs, judges, all of those kinds of things.

他们掌握着所有的权力工具。

They have all the leaves of power.

因为这一切在某种程度上已经改变了，我的意思是，这是一个巨大的变化：曾经的奴隶如今不再是奴隶了。

Because all that has changed, to some degree, I mean it's a massive change, is that people who were once slaves are no longer slaves.

他们仍然住在土地上，仍然住在木制小屋、棚屋之类的地方。

They're still living on the land, they're still living in kind of wooden cabins, shacks and things.

土地没有被重新分配，他们也没有得到本应属于他们的东西。

Land has not been redistributed, They have not been given what were they?

最初的承诺是每人给予三英亩土地和一头骡子之类的东西。

The initial promise was something like three acres and a mule or something that they would be given.

他们从未得到过这些。

They never were given them.

他们仍然非常无力。

They are still very powerless.

所以当然，如果发生冲突，他们总会处于巨大的劣势。

So of course if there's a conflict, they will always be at a massive disadvantage.

法律体系以及武器也可以被用来恐吓他们。

And the legal system, as well as weaponry, can be used to terrorize them.

是的，这必然会发生的。

Yes, which it will be.

正是如此。

Exactly.

至于加入三K党这类人，大多数可能是普通的农民和劳工，但也有许多关于律师、医生等人士加入的记载。

Now as for the kind of people who join the Klan, probably the majority are very ordinary kind of farmers and laborers, but there are lots of accounts of lawyers and doctors and whatnot, people joining.

正如艾伦·特雷利斯在他关于三K党的杰出著作中所说，南方白人各阶层都曾参与并纵容奴隶制，所有阶层一直共同维护奴隶制度，并且在内战期间都曾服役于邦联军队。

As Alan Trelease says in his brilliant book on the Klan, the thing is all classes of the white South had been complicit in slavery and they had always all classes had worked together to defend it, and all classes had served in the Confederate Army during the civil war.

我觉得你提到的‘乐趣’这一点非常重要。

I think your point about fun though is an important one.

因此，有一位名叫查尔斯·斯蒂恩斯的共和党种植园主，住在佐治亚州。

So there's a republican plantation owner called Charles Stearns, who lived in Georgia.

他是一个特例，因为我说过他是种植园主，但他却是个共和党人。

He's an anomalous figure, because I said he was a plantation owner, but he's a republican.

他非常憎恨三K党。

And he hated the Klan.

他后来评价三K党说，这些人并不比普通人更好或更坏，只是些有大量闲暇时间的年轻人，内心充满对冒险的热爱，且极具叛逆倾向。

And he said of the Klan later on, said it was men who are neither better nor worse than the average of the population, but simply young men with plenty of leisure on their hands, with a great love of adventure in their souls, and intensely rebel in their proclivities.

再重复一遍，他并不喜欢他们，但他表示，这些人是一群喜欢打斗、热爱冒险、热衷装扮、喜欢殴打他人的年轻人。

To repeat, he didn't like them, but he said they're young men who like fighting, who like adventure, who like dressing up, who like beating people up.

我认为这确实是其中一部分。

I think that's definitely part of it.

我的意思是，在一个被战争撕裂、几乎无事可做的世界里，这种刺激感很重要。

I mean that element of it being exciting in a world that has been ripped apart by war, which has nothing really much else to do.

我的意思是，这对我来说完全说得通。

I mean, that makes complete sense to me.

驱动他们的是一种噩梦，这噩梦萦绕在每个白人南方人的心头，那就是他们曾经视为财产的人将反过来统治他们。

And what drives them is the nightmare that's the back of every white southerners mind, which is the fact that they will be ruled by people they had once regarded as their property.

那么，加入三K党是什么感觉？

So what's it like to be in the Klan?

显然，穿上服装本身就充满刺激。

Obviously, there's the excitement of dressing up.

他们常常不需要戴面具，因为正如你所说，他们控制着法律体系。

Often they don't need to wear the disguises because as you say, they are they control the legal system.

关于这一点，我认为他们很多时候确实只是为了好玩。

That part of it, I think they're often they really are doing it for fun.

他们穿的不只是白色。

They don't just wear white.

他们晚上穿黑色。

They wear black at night.

他们穿红色。

They wear red.

有些团体穿黄色。

Some clans wear yellow.

但我的意思是，他们穿着那种黄色长袍之类的东西四处骑马，肯定看起来很怪异。

But I mean, they must look very weird riding around in their kind of yellow robes or whatever.

哦，对。

Oh, right.

如果那些长袍是白色的，他们看起来就不觉得怪异。

Like, they don't look weird if they're if they those robes are white.

嗯，我想我们已经习惯了他们穿着白色长袍的形象。

Well, I guess we're used to the idea of them being white robes.

对吧？

Right?

我的意思是，如果有人拍一部电影，里面三K党穿着红黄相间的长袍骑马游行，你觉得这不会觉得很奇怪吗？

I mean, if somebody makes a film in which the Ku Klux Klan are riding around in red and yellow robes, you'd find that very would you not find that a bit a bit odd?

大香蕉。

The grand banana.

没错。

Exactly.

其实他们并不总是戴那种帽子。

Well, they don't always wear those hats.

有时候他们会戴角、留胡子，或者戴有巨大舌头的面具。

Sometimes they will wear horns or beards or they have giant tongues, masks with massive tongues.

其实有个重要的点，他们的长袍通常是妻子、姐妹或母亲等女性家人制作的。

An important point actually, their robes were generally made by their wives or their sisters or their mothers or whatever.

所以女性也参与了这个组织。

So women are involved in the clan as well.

但他们内部没有正式的职位吗？

But they don't have official roles within it?

没有。

No.

没有类似‘大女祭司’这样的角色吗？

There isn't a kind of the grand gobliness or anything?

在下一个俱乐部，下周我们会谈到很多俱乐部里的女性，但这个俱乐部里没有。

In the second clan, next week, we'll be talking about a lot of clan's women, but not in this clan.

他们通过这些疯狂的启事来招募成员。

And they recruit members through these mad notices.

你开头就读到过一则。

You read one right at the beginning.

里面有很多关于幽灵、墓地，还有‘墓穴时刻已到’之类的内容。

Lots of stuff about ghosts and graveyards and kind of the hour of the sepulchre has come or whatever.

所有这类东西。

All of that kind of thing.

再说一遍，实际上这里有个很好的例子。

Again, I mean, there's a good example here actually.

这是专门为你准备的。

This this is made for you.

你这一生都在为这一刻做准备——为你能朗读来自阿拉巴马州塔斯卡卢萨的独立监察员的文本。

All your life, you've been building towards the moment when you could do a reading from the Tuscaloosa, Alabama independent monitor.

准备就绪。

Make ready.

准备就绪。

Make ready.

准备就绪。

Make ready.

南方阵亡者的强大妖精在混乱中集结。

The mighty hobgoblins of the Confederate dead in hellabaloo assemble.

复仇。

Revenge.

复仇。

Revenge.

保密。

Be secret.

谨慎。

Be cautious.

变得可怕。

Be terrible.

通过特别许可，地狱为你冻结。

By special grant, hell freezes over for your passage.

受冒犯的幽灵们，穿上冰鞋，穿越到大地母亲那里。

Offended ghosts, put on your skates and cross over to mother earth.

于是它就这样不断持续下去。

And so it just goes on and on like that.

这大约只占了整个的十分之一

That's like about a tenth of the of the entire

它就这样继续下去。

It just goes on.

而且全是胡言乱语。

And it's babble.

我的意思是，这到底是什么意思？

I mean, what does it even mean?

这简直就是胡言乱语。

It's a word salad.

穿上冰鞋，穿越到大地母亲那里去。

Put on your skates and crossover to mother earth.

嗯，我想它说的是地狱已经结冰了。

Well, I suppose it said that hell has just freeze over.

哦，我以为地狱没问题。

Oh, thought hell is Okay.

我只是太笨了，看不懂三K党招募信息的含义。

I'm just too stupid to understand the understanding Ku Klux Klan recruiting message.

实际上，三K党变成了一种奇怪的狂热潮流。

And actually the Klan becomes this kind of mad popular craze, as weird as that sounds.

于是人们成立了三K党少年棒球队。

So people set up Ku Klux junior baseball teams.

有一首歌叫《三K党午夜点名》，还有三K党周边商品。

There is a song called the Ku Klux Midnight Roll Call and there is Ku Klux merch.

你可以买到刀具、颜料，还可以买这个——最疯狂的一种。

So you can buy knives, you can buy paint, you can buy this is the maddest one.

一个三K党香烟盒，里面装着一百个忠诚三K党成员的灵魂，并附有大族长的逼真完整肖像。

A Ku Klux smoking tobacco pack that contains the spirits of a 100 faithful KKKs with an accurate and attractive full length portrait of the great grand cyclops.

这让整个事情听起来像个笑话。

So this makes the whole thing sound like a joke.

但仍然存在你所说的那种恶作剧成分。

And there is still an element that you describe as japery.

所以，最初的三K党从不烧十字架，但他们会对黑人邻居玩一些奇怪的恶作剧。

So they they never burn crosses, the clan, the first clan, but they do play weird practical jokes on their black neighbors.

他们会穿上这些奇怪的服装，让自己看起来像十二英尺高的幽灵形象，以此恐吓获得自由的黑人。

So they will dress up in these weird in these sort of frames that make them look like 12 foot tall ghostly figures, and they'll intimidate the freedmen.

他们会做一些事情，我的意思是，这听起来太疯狂了。

They will do stuff like I mean, this sounds so deranged.

他们会戴上可拆卸的手套，强迫黑人在街上和他们握手，然后手就会掉下来。

They will put on detachable hands and force black people to shake their hand in the street, and then their hand will come off.

或者他们最喜爱的恶作剧听起来也特别古怪。

Or their favorite trick just sounds so weird.

他们会把一个瓶子绑在胸前，藏在头罩和长袍下面，假装喝下大量的水。

They will strap a sort of bottle to their chest underneath their hood and their robes, They will pretend to drink gigantic quantities of water.

这怎么

How does that

行得通呢？

work?

因为基本上你是在往里面倒水，如果你看视频的话，你可以看到我正在模仿这个动作。

Because basically you're pouring it into your if you're watching on video you can see me, I'm miming it.

是的

Yeah.

你把水倒进你的头罩里，然后你有一个隐蔽的

You're pouring this water into your hood, then you've got a kind of concealed

哦，我明白了。

Oh I see.

你有一个隐蔽的瓶子，所以看起来你喝下了大量的水。

You've got a concealed bottle, so it looks like you're drinking an earthly quantity of water.

如果你忘了这么做，难怪你的长袍会变黄。

And if you forget to do it, then no wonder your robes are yellow.

对，非常好。

Right, very good.

在二十世纪初，那些同情美利坚联盟国失败事业的历史学家声称，这些把戏非常巧妙，它们吓坏了非裔美国人，使他们不敢投票，并帮助南方从重建的恐怖中恢复过来。

Now, in the early twentieth century, historians who were sympathetic to the lost cause of the Confederacy claimed that these tricks were brilliant, and that they terrified African Americans, and they stopped them voting, and they helped redeem the South from the horrors of Reconstruction.

但如今的历史学家普遍认为，认为解放的黑人被这些把戏蒙骗的想法本身就是一个种族主义的神话。

But historians now generally say the idea that the freedmen were taken in by these sort of tricks is a is itself a racist myth.

正如艾伦·特雷利斯所说，这实际上不是一个关于黑人对鬼魂迷信的故事。

As Alan Trelis says, this is actually a story not about black superstition about ghosts.

这是一个关于白人对黑人迷信的故事。

It's a story about white superstitions about black people.

因为本质上，这些三K党成员在玩这些把戏，互相笑着说道：天啊，非裔美国人真是太容易上当了。

Because it basically, the white the the Klansmen are playing these tricks and laughing and saying to each other, gosh, the African Americans are so gullible.

他们被我的可拆卸手给骗了。

They're taken in by my detachable hand.

事实上，当然，非裔美国人根本不会被这些把戏骗到，但他们只是极度害怕：如果他们不配合演戏，不假装害怕，就会被私刑处死。

In reality, of course, the African Americans aren't taken in by it at all, but they're just terrified that if they don't play play up the game, and if they don't pretend to be frightened They'll be lynched.

是的。

Yeah.

否则他们就会被殴打、杀害，或者遭遇其他厄运。

Then they'll be they'll be beaten up or killed or whatever.

我的意思是，遇到一个爱恶作剧的人已经够糟糕了。

I mean, it's bad enough meeting a practical joker.

但如果你不笑他的玩笑，遇到一个爱恶作剧的人可能会要你的命。

But meeting a practical joker will kill you if you don't laugh at his joke.

这最糟糕了。

That's the worst.

说得对。

Exactly right.

实际上，强调这些残忍的玩笑有点误导，因为到了1868年，三K党真正关注的是暴力。

And actually, the emphasis on these cruel jokes is a bit misleading because by the 1868, what the Klan is really about is violence.

这就是为什么三K党如此重要。

So this is why the Klan matters.

不在于他们穿得奇装异服，也不在于那些笑话，而在于他们对成千上万人实施的殴打、枪击、绞刑、强奸和谋杀，其中绝大多数是黑人。

Not the dressing up, not the jokes, but because of the beating and shooting and hanging and rape and murder of thousands of people, the vast majority of them black.

就像三K党本身一样，真正的暴力始于1868年田纳西州，在县选举前夕愈演愈烈。

Like the Klan itself, the violence really begins in earnest in Tennessee in 1868 in the build up to the county elections.

其中一个记录最详尽的例子是纳什维尔以南的莫里县，那里有数百名三K党成员。

And one of the best documented examples is a place called Maury County, which was South of Nashville, and the Klan had several 100 members there.

他们通常在夜间实施这些袭击。

And they would carry out these attacks at night.

大约会有十几名蒙面男子，专门针对偏远的乡村住宅。

There'd be about a dozen hooded men, and they would target isolated rural homes.

他们会针对黑人居民。

Black residents, they would target them.

有时他们被指控犯有罪行，但更多是因为在南方白人看来，他们言辞过于直率或不敬，或者因为他们积极参与政治，计划投票给共和党，有时甚至没有任何理由。

Sometimes they'd been accused of crimes, often because they were regarded as outspoken or insolent in the kind of language of the white South, because they were politically active, because they were planning to vote Republican, or sometimes there was no reason at all.

三K党成员只是想攻击一个黑人家庭。

The Klansmen just wanted to attack a black family.

他们会来到你家门外。

They'd arrive outside your house.

他们会叫你出去，或者直接把你拖到外面。

They would either call you out or they would drag you outside.

受害者通常是男性或年长的男孩，但并不总是如此。

The victims are usually men or older boys, but not always.

所以会有对儿童或孕妇的袭击。

So there are attacks on children or on pregnant women.

通常，你会被用木棍在赤裸的背上打上数百下，但有时袭击会更加严重。

Often, you'll be beaten with sticks hundreds of times on your bare back, but sometimes the attacks would go much further.

有一个关于一位20岁黑人男子的故事，他在田纳西州哥伦比亚市被一名三K党成员拖出家门，勒住脖子，然后绑上一块石头扔进了河里。

So there's a story about one 20 year old black man who was dragged from his home in Columbia, Tennessee by a Klansman who garroted him and then they tied a stone around his neck and they threw him into the river.

还有另一位名叫亨利·菲茨帕特里克的人。

There was another man called Henry Fitzpatrick.

他被指控纵火焚烧了一些谷仓，但没有任何证据。

He'd been accused on the basis of no evidence of setting fire to some barns.

有一晚他被鞭打了200下，第二天晚上，三K党成员又回来了，把他吊死了。

He was lashed 200 times one night, and then the next night the Klansman came back and they hanged him.

再举一个例子，一位联邦军队的黑人退伍军人。

Then a third example, black veteran of the union army.

我的意思是，他完全符合三K党的所有袭击目标特征。

So I mean, he ticks every Klan target box.

他是黑人，曾为北方在内战中作战。

He's black, and he had fought for the North in the civil war.

他是克林顿·德雷克，被从家中拖出并绞死。

He's Clinton Drake, and he is dragged from his house and hanged.

三K党成员随后发布了一项警告。

The Klansmen then proclaimed a warning.

他们说：所有联邦退伍军人，都看看他的下场，否则你们也会遭遇同样的命运。

They said, all union veterans, you know, heed his example or you will face the same fate.

随着时间推移，三K党对这一切越来越公开化。

And as time goes on, Klan becomes more and more public about all this.

因此，在1868年7月，实际上是在7月4日，哥伦比亚镇举行了一次游行。

So in July 1868, there's a parade on the July 4 actually in the town of Columbia.

三K党成员与30名武装的获释黑人爆发了激烈战斗，这些黑人此前已将枪支藏匿起来，以避开三K党的例行搜查。

Klansmen ended up fighting a pitched battle, about 150 Klansmen with 30 armed freedmen who had hidden their guns from the Klan's regular sweeps.

所以这回应了你之前的问题，汤姆，关于获释黑人是否在武装自己？

So that goes back to your question, Tom, about are the freedmen arming themselves?

是的，一些获得自由的黑人确实拥有枪支。

Yes, some of the freedmen do have guns.

三K党会搜查他们。

The Klan will search for them.

这些获得自由的黑人把枪藏了起来，最终爆发了一场激烈的战斗。

These freedmen have hidden them and they end up having basically a pitched battle.

这一事件的结果是，整个县的白人人口被激进化了。

And the result of this is that it radicalizes the white population of the county.

他们都站到三K党一边。

They all basically pile in on behalf of the Klan.

黑人男子纷纷逃亡，逃进了乡下。

And the black men flee, they flee into the countryside.

在接下来的几周里，三K党几乎在乡下到处搜捕这些人。

And for the next few weeks, the Klan are basically scouring the countryside for these guys.

一旦找到他们，就将他们私刑处死。

When they find them, they lynch them.

有些人设法逃到了纳什维尔，但大多数人没能逃掉。

Some of them managed to escape to Nashville, but most of them didn't.

多米尼克，三K党是否针对那些识字的黑人？

And Dominic, are the Klan targeting black people who are literate?

是的，他们确实如此。

Yes, absolutely they are.

我们实际上会在下一期节目中讨论这个问题，关于三K党如何针对那些会读写的人、想当老师的人、牧师、积极参与社区事务的人——基本上任何挑战黑人天生从属和低劣这一观念的人。

We'll talk about this in the next episode actually, about how the Klan targets black people who can read and write, black people who want to be teachers, people who are ministers, people who are active in the community, basically anybody who challenges the idea that black people are inherently subordinate and inferior.

简而言之，即使你只是表现得太出色，比如农活干得太好，或者拥有自己的牲畜，他们也会来找你麻烦，因为你挑战了他们世界观赖以建立的基本原则。

Basically, even if you do too well, if you're too good at farming, if you own your own livestock, they will come after you because you are challenging the principles on which their kind of their sense of the world, I guess, is based.

这就像是斯巴达人对付迈锡尼人，或者纳粹对付波兰人。

So it's like the Spartans and the Mycenaeans, or the Nazis with the Poles.

只要你识字，或者地位较高，你就完蛋了。

If you're literate or if you are high ranking, you're toast.

那么关键的问题是，为什么当局不制止这一切？显而易见的答案是，这实在太难了。

So the million dollar question is why the authorities don't stop it, and the obvious answer is that it's just very, very difficult.

你不能依赖地方执法部门，因为许多 sheriff 之类的官员都对三K党抱有同情。

You can't rely on local law enforcement, because so many sheriffs and whatnot are sympathetic to the Klan.

我们知道，在每一个黑人试图通过法院寻求正义的案例中，他们都无法让 sheriff 逮捕嫌疑人，无法让大陪审团提起公诉，无法让律师进行起诉，也无法让陪审团定罪。

And we know that basically in every case where black people try to go to the courts to get justice, they cannot get a sheriff to arrest, they can't get a grand jury to indict, They can't get attorneys to prosecute, and they can't get juries to convict.

因此，这一切给田纳西州州长帕森·布朗洛施加了巨大压力。

So all of this puts a lot of pressure on the governor of Tennessee, Parson Brownlow.

他陷入了真正的困境，因为他在纳什维尔的共和党立法机构非常担心，派遣州民兵会激怒白人公众的意见。

He's in a real bind because his republican legislature in Nashville is very anxious about alienating white opinion by sending in the state militia.

因为如果他们派遣州民兵，就意味着实际上要武装大量非裔美国人志愿者，而这正是

Because if they send in the state militia, that means basically arming a lot of African American volunteers, which is the one thing that

必然会发生的事。

is guaranteed.

我的意思是，你可能会说，那又怎样？

Well, mean, but you might say, so what?

我的意思是，你完全可以合理地问：那又怎样？

I mean, I think you could reasonably say, so what?