最伟大的画作：启蒙时代——雷伯恩的《滑冰牧师》

大家好。

Hello, everyone.

我是汤姆·霍兰德，今天非常荣幸邀请到劳拉·卡明，我们一起探讨四幅反映特定历史时期的画作。

Tom Holland here, and I am joined by the great Laura Cumming, and we are looking at painting in history, four paintings that reflect a particular period in history.

我们会深入分析每幅画的历史背景、画家的生平，以及笼罩在这些作品周围的种种谜团。

We'll be looking at the history of the painting itself, the life of the artist, and teasing out the mysteries that shadow all four paintings.

今天这幅画是亨利·劳伯恩的《滑冰的牧师》，它是苏格兰历史上最著名的画作，不仅展现了启蒙时代的精神，也体现了浪漫主义的气质，当然，还讲到了滑冰这件事。

Today's painting, it's the Skating Minister by Henry Raeburn, the most famous painting in Scottish history, a painting that tells us about the Enlightenment, about Romanticism, and also, of course, about skating.

大家好，欢迎回到我们的系列节目，专为亲爱的会员们呈现——那些伟大的画作，它们在历史中的位置，背后的故事，以及画家的人生经历。

Hello, everyone, and welcome back to our ongoing series for you, our beloved club members on great paintings, how they are situated in history, the story behind them, the story of the person who painted them, all of that kind of thing.

我们之前去过十五世纪的布鲁日。

We've been to to Bruges in the fifteenth century.

也去过十七世纪的马德里。

We've been to Madrid in the seventeenth century.

现在，我们要前往十八世纪末的爱丁堡。

And now we are going to Edinburgh in the late eighteenth century.

和我一起的是劳拉·卡明。

And Laura Cumming with me.

劳拉，你是苏格兰人。

Laura, you are Scottish.

你来自爱丁堡，而我是个苏格兰地主。

You are from Edinburgh, and I am a Scottish landowner.

所以，说白了，我其实也算苏格兰人。

So, basically, I'm I'm basically Scottish as well.

你本质上是我的上司。

You're basically my boss.

是的。

Yeah.

我看到泰奥——他自称是法国人——坐在制作间里，刚冲着这话做了个不雅的手势。

And I can see Theo, who purports to be French, sitting in the producer's booth, he's just he's just made a rude gesture at that.

所以我们今天氛围特别苏格兰，而且你选的这幅画，不就是苏格兰的国宝级画作吗？

So we're we're in a very Scottish mood today, and, actually, the painting you've chosen is the national painting for Scotland, isn't it?

那这到底是什么画呢？

So so what is it?

是谁画的？

Who painted it?

给我们讲讲这幅画吧。

Tell us about it.

这是亨利·雷伯恩在1795年画的《滑冰的牧师》。

It's the Skating Minister painted by Henry Raeburn, or was it, in 1795.

这幅画绝对是苏格兰的象征之作。

And it is absolutely the painting of Scotland.

我觉得，现在听节目的每个人，一提到苏格兰，第一个想到的就是这幅画。

It's the one painting that everybody can who's listening now, I think, can probably associate with my nation.

对于那些还不知道这位滑冰牧师是谁、长什么样儿的人，你简单描述一下吧。

Just for those very few who have no idea who the skating minister is, what it looks like, just describe it.

画中是一个身穿深黑教袍的苏格兰教会牧师，身影完全呈剪影状，正在杜丁斯顿湖上滑冰，单腿滑行，另一条腿像芭蕾舞者一样向后伸展。

Pitch black silhouetted figure of a minister, church of Scotland, very black clothes, skating on Duddingston Loch, and he's on one leg, the other leg behind him like a ballet dancer.

他的双臂交叉着。

His arms are crossed.

这其实叫旅行姿势，滑过冰的人都知道。

It's called the traveling pose, in fact, as skaters will know.

他正穿过湖面，身后是那种令人惊叹的霜白、浪漫而朦胧的远景。

And he's crossing the loch, and behind him is this unbelievable sort of frosty, romantic, misty distance.

对我来说，这幅画不仅仅是一个完美的象征。

And, the painting is to me not just a perfect logo of itself.

如果你在苏格兰长大，你一定非常熟悉这幅画。

And if you grew up in Scotland, you knew this painting very well.

它无处不在。

It was everywhere.

你坐公交车时，它就挂在你眼前——这本身还是个笑话，因为这个人物看似静止，实际上却在移动。

It was it would pass you on buses, which was an additional joke because the great thing about this figure is that he is apparently motionless, and yet, of course, he's moving.

他在滑行。

He's gliding.

所以在我看来，这是一幅特别有幽默感的画。

And so it's a great comic painting in my view.

我第一眼就注意到两点。

So so there are two things that strike me about it immediately.

首先是那种幽默感，因为他看起来一本正经得不得了。

The first is the note of comedy because he is looking intensely serious.

他那副神情，就像正在准备布道一样。

He has the look of a man who is drawing up his sermon.

但正如你所说，他作为滑冰者的形象和那种与生俱来的庄重感形成了鲜明对比，这种反差本身就特别搞笑。

And yet, as you say, there is the contrast between the figure he makes as a skater and his incredible dignity is inherently comic.

但另一个让人感到张力的地方——我想我们这期节目会慢慢展开讨论——就是，尽管他是个牧师，可他的样子却像是苏格兰启蒙运动的象征。

But the other source of tension, which I imagine we're going to be teasing out over the course of of this episode, is the fact that even though he's a minister, he kind of looks an emblem of the Scottish Enlightenment.

他沉稳。

He's sober.

他严肃。

He's serious.

他是个学者。

He's a scholar.

他的外表本身就透露出这一点。

That's all kind of implicit in his appearance.

但在他身后，那才是浪漫主义最纯粹的体现。

But behind him, I mean, it's romanticism at its most romantic.

而这种张力，正是理解这幅画的关键。

And I guess there's, again, the kind of the tension there is is key to understanding the painting.

说得太对了。

Absolutely right.

如果把人物去掉，单看那片精致的银灰色雾气和远处的薄雾，你能感受到空气中弥漫的寒意，还有脚下的冰面——这其实是爱丁堡的一个湖，经常结冰。

And if you took the figure away and just imagine this exquisite sort of silvery gold, distant distant fog and mist, and you can feel the kind of temperature reverberating in the air there and so on, and the ice below, This was a part of Edinburgh, the a loch in Edinburgh that froze over all the time.

没错。

Right.

这幅画描绘的就是爱丁堡。

This is this is in Edinburgh.

这地方不在高地，但看起来像是出自奥地利的风景似的

It's not in the Highlands, but it looks like something out of Austrian or something,

确实很像，真的

doesn't It really does.

还有那些远处嶙峋又阴暗的轮廓什么的

And, you know, this sort of craggy, shadowy shapes in the distance and so on.

如果把这个人去掉，你可能会觉得这像德国画派的作品，或者透纳的风格，但我更觉得是那个年代的德国绘画

And if you took him away, you could be looking at well, I think you could be looking at, you know, a sort of German or, yes, a turner, but I was thinking more, German painting, you know, of that era.

而他就在那儿，你把他刻画得太到位了

And there he is, and you've got him so well.

他的表情，你知道的，明显透着正直和虔诚，准是要训人了，而且肯定得把人骂得够呛

His face, oh, you know, he's definitely getting down to, you know, probity and piety, and, you know, he's gonna tell someone off, and it's going to be hell far.

谢谢收听

Thank you for listening.

想听完整版节目，请前往 therestishistory.com 订阅《历史其余部分》俱乐部

Subscribe to the rest is history club at therestishistory.com for the entire episode.

下周我和劳拉会回来，带来本系列的最后一期，聊聊让·弗朗索瓦·米勒创作于十九世纪中期的画作《天使》——那幅画充满神秘感，令人心绪难平。

And Laura and I will be back next week for our final episode in the series when we will be looking at The Angelus by Jean Francois Millet, mid nineteenth century painting, haunting, full of mystery.

如果你想知道更多，那就去订阅吧。

And if you want to hear that, well, go and sign up.