876：超越自我

她讲述了自己的故事。

She tells her story.

我们的儿子去世了，留下13个孩子，于是她接管了农场来养活他们。

Our son died and left 13 children behind, so she took over the farm to provide for them.

后来税务官找上门来，说因为她拥有大片农场，需要缴纳一笔她从未见过的巨额特别评估费。

Then tax officers came to her and said because she has a large farm, she gets a special assessment asking for far more money than she has ever had.

要知道，殖民事业所做的一件事，就是对社会组织结构和运作方式做出各种假设。

You know, one of the things that the colonial enterprise did was it made assumptions about the way society was organized and structured.

它对女性做出了假设。

It made assumptions about women.

例如，它进入市场并开始告诉女性她们可以在哪里摆摊。

For instance, it went into the marketplace and it started telling women where they could locate their markets.

事实上，没人会告诉女性她们可以在哪里摆摊，甚至连非洲男性也不会，因为女性的公共地位和私人地位存在显著差异。

Well, nobody told women where they could locate their markets, not even African men, because there was a really different status between the public status of women and the private status of women.

而私人领域的女性，我认为普遍受到本土父权制的压迫。

And private women were, I'd say, generally oppressed by indigenous patriarchy.

在公共场合，情况就完全不同了。

In public, it was like a whole different thing.

我是说，我见过一个女人——我不常讲这个故事——她在市场上指挥所有人做事。

I mean, saw a woman, I don't tell this story often, who was telling everybody what to do in the market.

你知道的，叽里呱啦，连男人也不例外。

You know, blah, blah, blah, men too.

但有次我去她家，看到她正伺候丈夫和侄女吃饭。

But I went to her house one time, and she was serving her husband on her niece.

我当时就想，这不可能是你。

And I'm like, this can't be you.

这不可能是你。

This cannot be you.

于是殖民势力开始干涉女性传统的权利，包括决定市场位置和商品定价的权利。

And so the colonial enterprise began interfering with what had been the traditional rights of women, where to decide where our market went, how much to charge for something.

因此女性开始变得非常愤怒。

And so the women began to get very agitated.

综上所述，随着会议的持续进行，Loomalai Ransom Kuti与这些市场女性之间的关系性质开始发生变化。

All of which is to say that as the meetings went on, the nature of the relationship between Loomalai Ransom Kuti and these market women began to shift.

起初只是读书课程，但后来这些市场女性开始主动找她，请她代写书信——写给阿拉克（Alake）和英国殖民官员的信件。

At first, was just reading lessons, but then the market women began to approach her and ask her if she would write letters for them, letters to the Alake, to the British colonial officials.

哇。

Wow.

我们现在所在的位置曾是她正式的书房。

So where we are right now used to be her study, formalized study.

我们参观了她的小两层住宅，带有一个俯瞰繁忙街道的阳台。

We took a tour of her house, a small two story house with a balcony overlooking a busy street.

我们的导游

And our tour guide

我叫Akin Labi。

My name is Akin Labi.

我是Kuti遗产博物馆的经理。

I'm the manager at the Kuti Heritage Museum.

带我们参观了她的家庭办公室，一个备用房间，小地毯，椅子。

Showed us her home office, a spare room, tiny rug, chair.

这些都是我们原有的家具，不得不进行翻新。

These are our original furnitures that we had to refurbish.

那是原装的黑胶唱机吗？

Is that an original turntable?

哦，是的。

Oh, yeah.

确实是。

It is.

哇。

Wow.

你觉得她可能会听什么？大概是赞美诗吧？

What would she she probably listened to hymns, would you guess?

对。

Yeah.

嗯哼。

Uh-huh.

窗前摆着一张旧木桌，很容易想象她坐在那里打字的样子，快速翻阅着档案中发现的数百封信件。

There was an old wooden desk facing out the window, and it was very easy to imagine her sitting there, typing, just rifling off the hundreds of letters found in her archives.

埃格巴妇女的痛苦正变得难以忍受。

The Egba women's suffering is becoming unbearable.

埃格巴妇女被征税员传唤、恐吓、骚扰和虐待。

Egba women have been summoned, worried, harangued, and ill treated by tax collectors.

征税员。

Collectors.

她们说征税员给的食物连狗都不吃。

They said the soup they were given would not be eaten by dogs.

她们不得不铺开毯子睡在上面。

They had to spread their blankets out to sleep on.

年轻女孩有时会被这些官方指定的征税员当街扒光衣服，以确认她们是否已成年需要纳税。

Young girls are sometimes stripped naked in the streets by the men, officially designated collectors, in order to ascertain whether they are mature enough to pay tax or not.

一名妇女在向收税员缴纳税款后，连同她九天大的婴儿一起被关进了监狱。

A woman was jailed with a nine day old baby after she had paid her tax to the tax collector.

回到朱迪斯这边。

Back with Judith.

好的。

Alright.

所以这是一封我猜是某位官员写给富米拉雅·兰瑟姆·库蒂的信。

So this is a letter to Fumilaya Ransom Coutee from, I guess, an officer.

在一段关于那位被监禁女性的对话中，一名官员回复道：'亲爱的库蒂太太，就算一个带着新生儿的女人被关起来又有什么关系呢？'

In one exchange about that jailed woman, an officer replied, my dear missus Coutee, what does it matter if a woman is jailed with a day old baby?

我们只关心她是否缴了税。

What we want to know is that she pays her tax.

哇。

Wow.

于是她们将这些遭遇告诉兰萨姆·库蒂，再由兰萨姆·库蒂代表她们与阿拉克交涉。

So they were taking these stories to Ransom Coutee, and then Ransom Coutee would try to talk to the Allake on their behalf.

他基本上会说，我无能为力。

He would basically say, there's nothing I can do.

他会说你们得去找英国人谈。

He'd say you have to talk to the British.

这是他们的政策。

This is their policy.

而她就像是在说，我们已经用尽了所有渠道。

And she was like, we have exhausted all these channels.

我们去找殖民地官员。

We go to the colonial officials.

他们告诉我们这是阿拉克的决定。

They tell us it's the Allake.

他们去找他，他却说这不是我的责任。

They go to him, and he says, it's not me.

你们得去找殖民地官员谈。

It's the colonial officials who you have to talk to.

他们受够了。

They had had it.

他们说，这种推诿必须停止。

They're like, this runaround has to stop.

Walay Shienka记得那个氛围彻底转变的时刻。

Walay Shienka remembers the moment when the vibe irrevocably shifted.

事情发生在文法学校。

Happened at the grammar school.

骚动蔓延至整个庭院。

A tumult overspilled the courtyard.

商贩妇女从四面八方赶来。

Market women had come from all over.

那晚我根本不可能回家。

There was no question of my going home that night.

我感受到不寻常事件的开端，并被这种兴奋感所攫住。

I sensed the beginning of an unusual event and was gripped by the excitement.

妇女小组一直开会到深夜。

The women's group met till late.

我早就在餐厅的长椅上睡着了，第二天早上醒来时发现自己躺在库蒂夫人班级的宿舍床上。

I had long fallen asleep on the bench in the dining room and woke up the following morning in the bed in the dormitory of Mrs.

库蒂的班级。

Kuti's class.

第二天早餐时，我第一次听说了'阿贝奥库塔妇女联合会'这个说法。

On the following morning at breakfast, I heard for the first time the expression Abeokuta women's union.

阿贝奥库塔妇女联合会。

The Abeokuta women's union.

哇。

Wow.

在档案的这个节点，你会看到一种转变。

This is a At this point in the archives, you see a switch flip.

不再是女士俱乐部了。

No more ladies club.

这是一个工会组织，不再穿西式服装。

This is a union, and no more Western clothes.

从此刻起，她将和集市妇女一样穿着裹身布和头巾。

From this point forward, she would dress in the same wraps and headscarves as the market women.

她开始只穿尼日利亚传统服饰。

She started only wearing Nigerian clothing.

她再也没有穿过西式服装。

She never wore Western clothing again.

好的。

Okay.

这是工会的章程规则、宗旨与目标。

This is constitution rules and regulations, aims and objectives of the unions.

旨在建立并维护埃格巴兰地区所有妇女的团结与合作。

To establish and maintain unity and cooperation among all women in Egbaland.

顺带一提，埃格巴兰指的是尼日利亚主要民族之一。

Egbaland, by the way, is a reference to one of the dominant ethnic groups in Nigeria.

与所有真诚无私地为人民的经济和政治自由独立而奋斗的组织合作。

To cooperate with all organizations seeking and fighting genuinely and selflessly for the economic and political freedom and independence of the people.

哇。

Dang.

第五条，筹集并保持必要且充足的资金。读到这些内容时，我就在想，我们得把问题解决掉。

Number five, to raise and maintain necessary and adequate It's like I read this stuff, and I'm like, we gotta get our shit together.

这些人组织有序。

These people were organized.

而且，你知道，她有辆车，所以经常开车去不同的社区与他们开会。

And, you know, she had a car, so she used to drive to different communities and hold meetings with them.

我们知道，因为费拉告诉了他的传记作者卡洛斯·摩尔，当她乘车去开会时，经常会带上他。

And we know, because Fela told it to his biographer, Carlos Moore, that when she got in a car to go to a meeting, she would often take him with her.

她和丈夫拥有这所学校。

So she and her husband owned this school.

学校有很大的场地，说唱歌手们就在那里聚会。

And so the school had huge grounds, and that's where the rapper wearers would meet.

我们在学校时，我不断望向孩子们进行圣经学习后方的田野。

While we were at the school, I kept looking into the fields behind where the kids were doing the bible study.

我是说，虽然那不是同一片田野，但我一直试图想象那里挤满数千名妇女会是怎样的景象。

I mean, it wasn't the same field, but I kept trying to imagine what it would have looked like filled with thousands of women.

你知道，据估计成员数量在一万到两万之间。

You know, there were the estimates are between ten and twenty thousand members.

根据沃洛申卡的说法，第一次抗议几乎是自发发生的。

According to Woloshenka, the first protest happened almost spontaneously.

他们涌出文法学校校园，填满街道，向阿拉克王宫进发。

They poured out of the grammar school compound, filled the streets, and marched towards the Palace Of The Alake.

行动失败了。

It was a bust.

当局迅速镇压了游行，并以没有游行许可为由逮捕了富玛拉约。

The authorities quickly shut it down and jailed Fumalayo, saying she didn't have a permit to march.

获释后，她心想：好吧。

When she was released, she thought, okay.

好吧。

Fine.

如果你们不让我们抗议

If you're not gonna let us have a protest

她们说要去野餐。

They said they were gonna have a picnic.

于是她们召集了一万名妇女去野餐，你知道，当她们

So they gathered 10,000 women to go have a picnic, you know, when they

手里拿着小包食物时。

were carrying little packets of food.

一周前，富玛拉娅在她院子里召开了大规模集会。

A week before, Fumalaya had held a massive meeting in her courtyard.

她在自家院子里说的，她走出来对她们说——她说自己在尖叫，因为人太多了，她一开始讲话，后面的人就喊听不见。

And she said it at her compound, she came out and she said to them, and she said she was screaming because there were so many of them, because she started talking, they were like, the back, I can't hear you.

所以她用手拢着声音尖叫。

So she was screaming through her hands.

她当时说道：听着，就是现在。

And she was saying, Look, this is the time.

我会背过身去，想走的人可以悄悄溜走。

I'm gonna turn my back to you, and anybody who wants to can scurry away.

我不会知道你是谁。

I won't know who you are.

我不会看见你。

I won't see you.

但当我转回身时，我看到的每个人都必须参与进来。

But when I turn back around, everybody I see better be on board.

于是她转过身去。

And so she turned her back.

令人惊讶的是，没有一个人离开。

And, coying to everybody, nobody left.

天啊。

Oh my god.

正如沃洛申卡所描述的，突然间，一万名妇女同时摘下了她们的头巾。

And then as Woloshenka describes it, all at once, all 10,000 women took off their head wraps.

这总是戏剧性的一刻。

This is always a dramatic moment.

通常，头巾会平静地包裹在头上。

Normally, there's a head tie nestling peacefully on the head.

当冲突即将发生时，头巾就会被取下。

The moment there's going to be conflict, off would come the head tie.

系到腰间

To the waist

她们会像系腰带一样把它缠在腰间。

They would tie it around their waist like a belt.

当女人摘下头巾，像饰带一样系在腰间时，就像扔下了挑战手套，男人们会四散而逃。

It's like throwing down the gauntlet When a woman takes off her head tie, ties it like a sash around her waist, men scatter.

天啊。

Oh my god.

你可以看到她正在向人群讲话。

You can see her addressing the crowd.

什么？

What?

哦，哇。

Oh, wow.

你可以看到人群。

You can see the crowd.

在朱迪丝·拜菲尔德为我整理的档案中翻找了三个半小时后，我找到了这些黑白照片。

After three and a half hours of digging through the archives that Judith Byfield had laid out for me, I found these black and white pictures.

那里，真的，大概有一万人。

There's, like, there's literally, like, 10,000 people.

一万个人头。

10,000 heads.

是的。

Yep.

在一张从上方拍摄的照片中，你可以看到成千上万的人头戴着白色头巾，白色的圆圈填满了照片的每一毫米。

In one picture shot from above, you see thousands of heads covered in white scarves, white circles filling every millimeter of the picture.

在侧面，一个平台上，一位女性正在向他们发表讲话。

And to the side, on a platform, one woman addresses them.

在她旁边，可能是个小男孩？

And next to her, maybe a young boy?

可能吧，我只是在想象。

Probably, I'm just imagining it.

我有点太兴奋了。

I'm getting a little too excited.

天啊。

Oh my god.

这些照片。

These pictures.

这次集会或许就是他们向阿拉克斯宫进发前的关键时刻，那时事情才真正开始。

This rally is perhaps the moment right before they march to the Alakes Palace, which is when things really go down.

我的感觉是你会看到这片女性人海正在逼近

My sense of it is you would see this sea of women approaching

宫殿。

the palace.

你会看到男人们纷纷让路，他们常常会告诉英国人。

What you would see is you would see men getting out of the way, and they would often tell the British.

英国人会对他们说，让这些女人停下来。

The British would come to them and say, get these women to stop it.

他们会说，我们不会对市场女商贩发号施令。

And they would say, we don't tell the market women what to do.

我们无法阻止这件事。

We cannot stop it.

在《阿凯》书中有个精彩片段，索因卡描述一位酋长冲进他母亲的店铺躲藏，因为妇女们剥光了他的衣服，只剩内衣。

And there's a wonderful passage in Ake where Shoyinka talks about one of the chiefs running into his mother's shop and hiding there because the women had stripped him off his clothes and just reduced him to his underwear.

说到奥列辛卡，他抢在妇女们之前溜进了宫殿——就是我们参观过的那座。

Speaking of Oleshynka, he snuck ahead of the women to the palace, which we visited.

想象一座漆成鲜黄色的大宅院，大门紧闭。

Picture a gated mansion painted canary yellow.

他穿过石拱门下的门洞，蜿蜒进入宽敞的广场。

He snakes through the gate under the stone archway and into the spacious square.

好的。

Okay.

我们现在所在的这个地方，想必就是当年他们聚集的庭院。

We're in the this must have been the courtyard where they were.

这是个开阔的大空间，孔雀在四处闲逛。

It's a big open space with peacocks milling about.

走进庭院时，你会看到正前方有栋黄色建筑。

As you walk into the courtyard, you see a building in front of you, yellow building.

画面中他正在与他们交谈，而阿拉克正从阳台上走下来。

There's an image of him talking them them talking to the And the alake coming down from a balcony.

那可能就是那个阳台。

That might have been the balcony.

那很可能就是阳台。

That's probably the balcony.

高处有一个带玻璃门的独立阳台，那是奥莱克的卧室。

Up high, there was a single balcony with glass doors, the Olake's bedroom.

最初当女人们涌入庭院时，他一直待在室内。

He initially stayed inside as the women flooded the courtyard.

所以他们当时很可能就在这里。

So they were probably right here.

你只看到一片白色的头巾海洋。

You just see a sea of white headscarves.

确实如此。

Absolutely.

起初，奥拉凯的一些低级酋长走出来，试图阻止妇女们进入。

At first, some of the Olake's junior chiefs come outside, try and hold the women back to keep them from entering.

她们同意了，但条件是必须与阿拉凯进行对话。

They comply, but only in exchange for a conversation with the Alake.

于是这些年轻首领们进去了。

So the juniors go inside.

接着那阳台的玻璃门打开了，阿拉克身着金色长袍走了出来。

Then the glass doors on that balcony opened, and the Alake stepped out dressed in his gold robes.

当阿拉克出现时，她们撒下种子，跪倒在地，但仅此而已。

When the Alake appeared, they cut seed, going down on their knees, but no more.

阿拉克显然已决定以礼相待这些请愿者。

The Alake had obviously resolved to receive the emissaries courteously.

一位抗议者——库蒂夫人的副官之一——走上前向阿拉克喊话。

A protester, one of missus Kuti's lieutenants, stepped forward and called up to the Alake.

这封信

The message

今天我带给您的这封信，代表了所有离开摊位、家园与子女，放下农活和琐事前来拜访您的妇女们的心声。

The message which I bring you today is the message of all women who have left their stalls, their homes and children, their farms and petty affairs to come and visit you today.

她们就是聚集在您前院的那群饱受苦难的人们。

They are the suffering crowd who are gathered on your front lawn.

卡比耶克，您可以亲眼看看她们。

You can see them yourself, Kabiyec.

她们都是埃格巴的妇女代表。

They are all the womanhood of Egba.

我所发出的声音是我们领袖库蒂夫人的声音。

The voice with which I speak is the voice of our bere, missus Kuti.

您从我这里听到的话语都是库蒂夫人的原话。

The words which you hear from me are the words of missus Kuti.

她让我代表外面那些妇女转告您：埃格巴的妇女们已经忍无可忍了。

She asked me to tell you on behalf of those women you see outside that the women of Egba have had enough.

事后看来，这场景颇像主角与——

In hindsight, it was rather like protagonists and the

歌队。

chorus.

瓦莱申卡描述这一幕时，几乎将其比作某种神话般的舞台编排。

Walayshenka describes the scene almost like it had a kind of mythic choreography.

那些戴着面具的妇女们

You had the masked women.

白人地区官员穿过大门时，遭到了四面八方的嘘声

You had the moment when the white district officer came in through the gates and was booed roundly.

一名警察命令地区官员在人群中为库蒂夫人清出一条路来

A policeman ordered a district officer to clear his way through the crowd towards missus Kuti.

当他穿过人群时，妇女们从各个方向对他辱骂，直逼他面前

As he moved through, the women threw insults at him from all directions, getting in his face.

库蒂夫人始终纹丝不动

Missus Kuti stayed rooted.

长官，看这儿，库蒂夫人

Officer, look here, missus Kuti.

我们正在这里举行重要会议

We are trying to hold a serious meeting here.

能否请您管束好您的妇女们？

Would you kindly keep your women in order?

库蒂夫人，我们是在开严肃会议还是你以为我们来玩的？

Missus Kuti, so are we holding a serious meeting or do you think we're here to play?

警官，我们会让他们闭嘴的。

Officer, we'll tell them to shut up.

让你的女人们闭嘴。

Shut up your women.

库蒂夫人明显眯起了眼睛。

Missus Kuti apparently squinted her eyes.

我想她的原话是：你或许生来如此，但毫无教养。

I think her exact words were you may have been born, but you were not bred.

这句话将在阿比亚库图流传数周之久。

Those words would fly around Abiyakutu for weeks.

后来这句话被演绎成各种版本，比如'你家连面包都没有'之类的。

Think that's the one which then became translated that you lack bread in your house and all all kinds of other versions.

总之，她连本带利地回敬了他。

Anyway, she gave it to him back with interest.

就在那一刻

And it was at that point

女人们开始唱歌

that the women began to sing.

这对我来说是故事中最有趣的部分之一

This is one of the most interesting parts of the story to me.

哦，快看这个

Oh, look at this.

是的。

Yeah.

这个

This

在妇女联盟示威期间全是太阳太阳，从四点，你好。

All sun sun during the women's union demonstrations from four oh, hello.

这是什么？

This is what?

在犹大给我看的档案中，富马拉雅记录了妇女们占领宫殿时唱的所有歌曲，那些抗议歌曲。

In the archives that Judah showed me, Fumalaya has documented all of the songs, protest songs that the women sang when they occupied the palace.

首先，这类歌曲数量非常多。

First of all, there are a lot of these songs.

他们当时唱了200首不同的歌曲。

There's 200 different songs they were singing.

嗯。

Mhmm.

在某种程度上，每个抗议运动都以其音乐为标志，档案中记录了大量的这些歌曲。

Every protest movement is defined by its music to some degree, and there are pages and pages of these songs in the archives.

所有歌曲都是用的，歌曲都是英文的，所以我们就请了一位语言专家来帮我们翻译，然后在拉各斯找人演唱。

All the songs are in Yoruba, so we hired a language expert to help us translate them and then acquire in Lagos to sing them.

这些歌曲非常狂野。

And these songs are wild.

因为他们会唱一些侮辱性的歌曲。

Because they would sing insulting songs.

先提醒一下，这些歌词有些露骨。

And a quick warning, they get kinda graphic.

他们会唱诸如‘没有一个白人能活着回到他的国家’之类的话。

They would say things like No white man is not gonna get back to his country alive.

你得砍掉脑袋。

You gotta cut off head.

Elake的生殖器很小。

The elake's genitals are small.

我是说，所有这些内容都非常刻薄，纯粹是为了侮辱人。

I mean, all these things are just mean mean, you know, things to just insult.

目前为止我最喜欢的一首。

My favorite by far.

我们请来演唱这些歌曲的合唱团读到歌词时都倒吸冷气。

The chorus that we got to sing these songs were gasping when they read the lyrics.

英文翻译版本。

English translation translation.

翻译。

Translation.

他的阴茎大如马。

Has the penis his penis is as big as a horse.

这个

The

拥有大如马的阴茎。

has a penis as big as a horse.

然而

However

他的阴道。

His vagina.

还有，是的。

And Yeah.

割伤不是为了导致流血。

Cut It's not to cause the The bleeding.

我们基本上会把它切掉。

We will cut it off, basically.

字面翻译是，据我们所能理解，我们将从阴道喷出火焰，灼伤他的阴茎。

The literal translation is, as best as we can tell, we will emit fire from our vaginas that will wound his penis.

嗯，你不能完全按照字面意思逐字翻译。

Well, you can't you can't translate them literally like exactly how it is.

这就是为什么抗议运动被称为‘阴道头的复仇’的原因之一。

This is one of the reasons why the protest movement became known as vengeance of the vagina head.

非洲有一种传统叫做‘坐在男人身上’。

There is an African tradition called sitting on a man.

‘坐在男人身上’意味着聚集在一个男人的房子外面，唱侮辱性的嘲讽歌曲，逼他出来。

Sitting on a man means gathering outside of a man's house and singing insulting derisive songs, endearing him to come out.

男人们对此怕得要死。

And men were scared to death of it.

没有一个女人能那样跟她的丈夫说话。

Now no one woman could talk to her husband like that.

所以，如果一个男人打了女人，她可能会跑到她的市场妇女团体那里，然后她们会成百上千地涌到她家，告诉她丈夫如果他再打她，她们就会收拾他。

So, like, if a man beat a woman, she might run to her market women's group, and then they would descend in the hundreds on her house telling her husband if he ever beat her again, they're gonna deal with them.

哇。

Wow.

于是她们开始对着阿拉克唱那些歌。

So they would start singing those songs to the Alake.

是的。

Yeah.

她们毫不拐弯抹角

They weren't mincing their And

然后她们会说，我们也不会离开

then they would say, and we're not leaving either.

广告之后请继续收看，这些女性让英国人遭遇了他们完全无法应对的局面

Coming up after the break, the women make the British experience something they have absolutely no answer for.

稍后马上回来

That's in a minute.

芝加哥公共广播电台，我们的节目即将继续。

Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.

这里是《美国生活》。

This is American Life.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

I'm Ira Glass.

今天的节目主题是‘超越自我’，讲述人们努力应对所处历史时刻的故事。

Today's program, bigger than me, stories of people trying to rise to the historic moment that they find themselves in.

如果你刚刚收听，我们正在播放贾德·阿布拉莫夫关于费拉·库蒂的新播客片段。

If you're just tuning in, we're in the middle of an excerpt from Jad Abramov's new podcast about Fela Kuti.

这个故事特别讲述了费拉的母亲芬米拉亚·兰索姆·库蒂的事迹。

This, particular story is about Fela's mother, Funmilaya Ransom Kuti.

贾德从他中断的地方继续讲述。

Jad picks up where he left off.

妇女们正试图说服当局停止对她们的不公平征税。

The women are trying to convince the to stop taxing them unfairly.

集市妇女们在宫殿的庭院里安营扎寨，随后开始昼夜轮班值守。

The market women camped out in the courtyard of the palace, and then they began round the clock shifts.

沃洛申科回忆说，那些营地变得像一座小型城市。

Woloshenko remembers that those encampments became like a like a city.

有时会出现绝对的静止时刻。

There were moments of absolute stillness.

比如当她们开始做饭时——因为她们采取了围困策略。

For instance, when they started cooking, because they laid siege.

她们整夜都守在那里。

They were there all night.

她们轮班值守，有时回家照顾孩子，再返回自己的岗位。

And they took turns, sometimes go home, look after the children, come back to their position.

所以营地也会生火做饭。

So there was cooking also.

尤其是夜间活动时，她们会点亮油灯以维持围困状态。

And the activity, especially at night when they lit their lamps, oil lamps, to stay on the siege.

在某个时刻，你曾把自己描述为一名信使。

At some point, you described yourself as a courier.

是的。

Yes.

确实如此。

It's true.

我从小就是个信使，当时周围有很多警察和阿拉卡宗卫兵。

I was a courier since I was so small and there were police lots of police around and Ala Kazon guards.

，因为我个子太小，人们不太注意我，尤其是库蒂夫人。

Since I was so tiny, people didn't take much notice of me and saw missus Kuti in particular.

他说她会把这些便条托给他。

He says she would entrust him with these notes.

小纸条给我们分散在宫殿前的部队。

Little notes to our forces who were scattered in front of the palace.

这些抗议活动在这一年中时断时续地发生。

These protests happened on and off as the year went on.

我是说，他们确实让整个城镇陷入了无政府状态。

I mean, they they literally made the town ungovernable.

他们关闭了市场，就驻扎在阿拉克王的窗外。

They shut down the market, and they stayed camped out just outside the Alake's window.

妇女们如潮水般涌入宫殿，他根本无法脱身。

The sea of women is in the palace, and he can't get out.

持续数月后，他开始崩溃了。

After several months of this, he starts to crack.

是的。

Yes.

没错。

Yes.

那他是否正在集结士兵，试图强行驱散抗议人群？

And is he is he amassing soldiers to try and drive a wedge through the protesters?

比如说，

Like,

这真是个有趣的故事。

So that's a really interesting story.

我从那位主要殖民官员的回忆录中了解到，他们确实在城镇边缘部署了士兵，并且正考虑将士兵调入城内。

I learned from the memoir of the main colonial official that they did have soldiers on the edge of town, and they were contemplating bringing the soldiers into town.

实际上，奥拉基（Olake）当时正恳求他调兵进城。

In fact, the Olake was trying to beg him to bring the soldiers in.

这并非理论假设。

This is not theoretical.

大约二十年前，在尼日利亚另一地区，也曾爆发过一场同样由女性领导的起义。

Almost twenty years earlier, in a different part of Nigeria, there had been a different revolt also led by women.

同样是一场围绕税收的斗争。

Also, a struggle around taxation.

而在1929年的抗议中，他们确实出动了军队，导致妇女被杀。

And in the '29 protests, they did call out the army, and women were killed.

军队向人群开火，造成超过50名妇女死亡。

Army opened fire on a crowd and killed over 50 women.

在那之前的1918年，一场类似的叛乱导致600人丧生。

A few years before that, in 1918, a similar rebellion ended up with 600 people dead.

费拉后来确实为此创作了一首歌。

Fela would actually sing a song about this.

他将抗议中使用的民谣改编成音乐作品。

He would adapt a folk song that was used in the protest and set it to music.

不过那都是很多年后的事了。

But that's many years later.

我们别跑得太远。

Let's not get ahead of ourselves.

当时，费拉正和他母亲一起被关在营地里，因为看起来这次市场妇女的抗议活动将以和其他抗议相同的结局收场。

At that moment, if anything, Fela is in the encampment with his mom as detention mounted because it looked like this protest with the market women was going to end the same way as the others.

因为阿拉克对英国主子们说的话本质上就是：请你们像上次那样再做一次。

Because what the Allake was saying essentially to his British masters was, what you did last time, do it again, please.

他们对那个更早的时代记忆犹新。

They were very conscious of that earlier era.

于是在1947年，他们实际上已经把军队部署在了城镇边缘。

And so in '47 now, they have the army closed basically on the edge of town.

马可妇女们驻扎在外，非常清楚可能即将发生的暴力事件。

The Marco women are camped out, well aware of the violence that might be about to go down.

但朱迪斯和谢丽尔都表示，在对峙的这个阶段，妇女们开始以一种全新的方式进行抗议。

But both Judas and Cheryl say that somewhere around this point in the standoff, the women begin to protest in an entirely new way.

其中有几个人站了出来。

A few of them stepped forward.

她们脱下了衣服。

And they take their clothes off.

她们实际上脱得一丝不挂。

They actually stripped naked.

显然，就在广场上，一些妇女——我们无法确知具体人数，可能是十几个，也可能上百人——她们聚集在一起，同时面向阿拉克的窗户，集体脱下了衣服。

Apparently, right there in the plaza, some number of women, we don't have accurate details on how many, maybe a dozen, maybe a 100, They got together, and while facing the Alake's window all at once, they disrobed.

这种行为的理念在于，看到年长女性裸露身体被视为一种亵渎。

And the idea is that if you see an older woman naked, that that's an abomination.

朱迪思解释说，在许多西非文化中，实际上在世界许多其他文化中，女性脱衣，尤其是年长女性，被视为一种武器，一种召唤灵力的方式。

Judith explained that in many West African cultures, and in fact, in many other cultures around the world, women disrobing, particularly older women, was thought of as a kind of weapon, a summoning of a spiritual power.

部分由于她们的生育能力，女性被认为能与周围的灵力相通，并被认为能够真正将这种能力武器化。

Partly because of their ability to procreate, women are thought to be in touch with the spiritual powers around them and thought to be able to really sort of weaponize that.

当她们脱去衣物时，任何看到她们的男性都会成为目标。

That when they disrobed, any man who looked on them was now a target.

我觉得这一刻非常耐人寻味。

I find this moment so interesting.

这些妇女肩并肩站在一起，释放出一种近乎力场般的精神力量。

You have these women shoulder to shoulder putting out a kind of spiritual power, almost like a force field.

而在城镇外围，驻扎着一支军队。

And then just outside of town, you have an army.

是的。

Yeah.

这某种程度上像是两种不同认知方式的权力较量。

It's like two different epistemologies in a way of power.

是的。

Yes.

是的。

Yes.

一边是军事力量，另一边则是毫不逊色的象征性力量。

You have military power, and then you have this no less potent symbolic power.

对。

Yeah.

而且它们正针锋相对。

And they're lined up against each other.

没错。

Exactly.

所以他们的军队实际上就驻扎在城镇边缘。

And so they have the army closed basically on the edge of town.

朱达说，如果你阅读当时阿拉克与将军们之间以及英国军官们之间的往来信件，他们当时的反应就像是：见鬼。

And Judah says, if you read the correspondence that was flying back and forth between the Alake and the generals and between the various British officers, they were like, fuck.

我们该怎么处理这个情况？

What do we do with this?

我们可以像以前那样进军，杀光他们。

We could march in, kill them all as we've done before.

但他们也在问，我们是否要制造游行者？

But they're saying, do we want to create marchers?

英国人在某种程度上明白，女性承载着一个地方的文化。

The British understood on some level that women hold the culture of a place.

传统上她们是养育孩子、维系关系的人。

They are the traditionally the child rearers, the relationship tenders.

所以如果你攻击她们

So if you attack them

如果他们进去攻击这些女性

If they go in and attack these women

那可能会释放出他们无法控制的能量。

That might unleash an energy that they can't contain.

这可能会让年轻人和你们通常惧怕的那些人也走上街头。

That could then bring young men and the ones you usually fear out into the streets as well.

别忘了英国人在人数上处于劣势。

Don't forget the British were outnumbered.

他们实际上并没有很多地面部队。

They didn't actually have a lot of soldiers on the ground.

因此一方面，国家在处理女性问题上有些束手束脚。

And so on one hand, the state is a little hamstrung about how you deal with women.

我认为大体上可以这么说：很多政治行为都源于男性对女性的恐惧。

I think in general, it's fair to say that a lot politics is driven by the fact that men are afraid of women.

在这个案例中，英国人显然就是如此。

In this case, the British definitely were.

我们生活在持续的压力中，因为我们永远不知道什么时候会爆发。

We lived in a constant strain, for we never knew when the pot would boil over.

这是驻扎在阿比奥库塔的主要殖民官员约翰·布莱尔在日记中的描述。

That is how John Blair, the main colonial officer stationed in Abiocuta, put it in his diary.

当紧张局势达到顶峰时，我病得很重，医生把我送到了拉各斯的医院。

When the tension was at its worst, I got quite ill, and the doctor sent me to hospital in Lagos.

我确信自己患上了神经衰弱。

I was sure I was suffering from nervous exhaustion.

精疲力竭。

Exhaustion.

1948年7月29日深夜，当抗议者围堵在宫殿四周时，英国人派车潜入宫殿，将阿拉克（alake）、他的妻妾及家人全部带走。

On 07/29/1948, in the dead of night, as protesters were camped all around the palace, the British sent a car to the palace to take the alake, his wives, and his family away.

他们偷偷把他运出了城。

They snuck him out of town.

他本不愿离开。

He didn't want to leave.

他们带着他躲过了所有人的视线？

They snuck him past all the people?

是的。

Yeah.

他们把他塞进了车里。

They put him in a car.

我采访过的一位殖民官员曾参与将他送出城。

So one of the colonial officials I interviewed had been involved with getting him out of town.

他说他们让他躺在后座上。

And he said they put him in the car and had him lie down on the back seat.

所以他们是在瞒着女眷的情况下偷偷把他送走的。

So they were sneaking him out without the women being aware that he was leaving town.

哇。

Wow.

他流亡了。

He went into exile.

好的。

Okay.

这是阿拉克被带走几个月后发表的演讲。

So this is a speech that the Alake made a few months after they took him away.

在超过半个世纪的时间里

After more than a half century of

为国家服务，其中28年我以地方长官的身份履职

service to country, 28 of which I have given in the capacity of native authority.

我再也无法忍受目睹动荡、冲突与不满的景象

I cannot bear any longer the sight of turmoil, strife, and discontent.

因此经过深思熟虑，为避免流血事件，我决定离开我的领地，希望经过一段时间后，激愤的情绪能够平息，宁静的氛围得以恢复

I have therefore decided, after mature consideration, and in order to avoid bloodshed, to leave the environment of my territory in the hope that after a time, frayed tempers will subside and an atmosphere of calm prevail.

终将恢复

Will prevail.

哇

Wow.

相当震撼的演说

Quite a speech.

换句话说，他退位了

In other words, he abdicated the throne.

这太震撼了。

That was huge.

从未有其他女性被记载为能废黜在位的国王。

No other woman is ever credited with unseating a sitting king.

1948年8月21日下午5点，Olubumi家族的鼓声率先响起，随后猎人们鸣枪致敬，所有人都在Alake广场起舞。

Drumming began in the Olubumi houses at 5PM on 08/21/1948, followed by firing of guns by hunters and danced by all at Alake Square.

现场展示了50种不同的非洲舞蹈形式。

50 different forms of African dances were in attendance.

他们在新时代的黎明时分起舞，

They were dancing at the dawn of a

迎接新生。

new day.

他们谈论着阿贝奥库塔的解放，并举行了这场感恩仪式。

They talked about Apeokuta being liberated, and they have this Thanksgiving ceremony.

有位牧师代表妇女们发表了讲话。

There's this minister who speaks on behalf of the women.

他说，是妇女们完成了男人们28年都未能做到的事。

He said it took the women to do what the men couldn't do for twenty eight years.

这让你对历史有了更深的体会。

This just gives you a sense of history.

在档案中，从这时起你能看到来自其他女性的数百封信件。

And in the archives, what you see from this point forward are hundreds of letters from other women.

她的文件里保存着来自非洲各地女性的信件，上面写着：母亲，您深深激励了我们。

She had letters in her paper from women all over the continent saying, mother, you have so inspired us.

我们。

Us.

1948年。

1948.

尊敬的库蒂女士，我怀着对女性应有的敬意写下这封信。

Dear, miss Kuti, I am penning you this day under the respect I owe to women.

各地工会的女性开始纷纷联系她。

Women from unions all over start to reach out.

我们阿拉瓦里比妇女联合会致信请求您的协助。

We, the Alawaribi Women's Union, send this letter to ask for your assistance.

模仿性质的妇女联合会开始遍地开花。

Copycat women's unions start to appear everywhere.

南非的反种族隔离运动，加纳。

South Africa, the anti apartheid movement, Ghana.

阿拉伯妇女协会、阿尔巴尼亚妇女联合会、澳大利亚妇女联合会、朝鲜妇女联合会。

Arab women's society, union of Albanian women, union of Australian women, union of Korean women.

所以你可以放眼全球各地。

So you can look everywhere.

芬兰妇女民主联盟、德国妇女民主联盟、古巴妇女联合会、黎巴嫩妇女权利联盟、卢森堡妇女联合会。

Democratic League of Finnish women, Democratic Union of German women, Federation of Cuban Women, League for Lebanese Women Rights, woo, Union of Luxembourg Women.

我才刚看到字母D开头的部分。

And I'm only at DMs.

你会发现妇女组织遍布世界各地。

And you see women everywhere.

我们西方人往往更强调非洲男性领袖的遗产，比如克瓦米·恩克鲁玛、纳尔逊·曼德拉。

We in the West tend to emphasize the legacies of Africa's male leaders, the Kwame Nkrumahs, the Nelson Mandellas.

但如果你从现在开始纵观整个非洲大陆，你会看到女性领导着塞内加尔、喀麦隆、南非、黄金海岸、阿尔及利亚、肯尼亚、莫桑比克、象牙海岸、多哥、马里、索马里、埃及的起义。

But if you look across the continent from this point forward, you see women leading revolts in Senegal, Cameroon, South Africa, Gold Coast, Algeria, Kenya, Mozambique, Ivory Coast, Togo, Mali, Somalia, Egypt.

这是我们很大程度上忽略的故事。

It's a story we've largely missed.

而当我们去寻找富玛拉雅·兰瑟姆·库蒂的坟墓时，这一切的湮灭感突然压在了我们身上。

And the erasure of it all kinda landed on us when we went off in search of Fumalaya Ransom Kuti's grave.

我们之前的导游阿基，把我们指向了距离房子300英尺远的圣公会教堂。

Aki, our tour guide from earlier, pointed us toward the Anglican church that was 300 feet from the house.

是的。

Yes.

嗨。

Hi.

我们被告知富玛拉雅·兰瑟姆·库蒂葬在这座教堂里，或者我们不确定具体是哪座教堂。

We were told that Fumalaya Ransom Kuti is buried in this church or we're not sure which church.

我们去了那里，四处询问。

We went there, asked around.

好的。

Okay.

那人带我们走到教堂后面。

The guy walked us to the backside of the church.

这个 对。

This is Yeah.

对。

Yeah.

这个。

This one.

这个。

This one.

就在那

There we

是一座用混凝土砌成的坟墓。

was a grave set in concrete.

库蒂夫人与她的丈夫合葬于此。

Missus Kuti is buried with her husband.

有一块墓碑，墓碑上方是库蒂牧师的半身像。

There's a headstone, and then above the headstone is a bust of reverend Kuti.

墓碑上刻有他的半身像和墓志铭。

And there on the tombstone is his bust and on the epitaph.

牧师以色列·奥登·兰森·库蒂。

Reverend Israel Oden Ransen Kuti.

他生平的所有细节。

All the details of his life.

1930年至1954年，尼日利亚教师联合会主席。

President Nigerian Union of Teachers Association, 1930 to 1954.

他是个非常令人印象深刻的人。

He was a very impressive man.

高等教育使命为尼日利亚的教育体系带来了革命性变革。

Mission on higher education Did a lot to revolutionize the educational system in Nigeria.

大学诞生于4月30日，但与他同葬并领导过废黜国王起义的妻子却几乎未被提及。

University born April 30 But his wife, who is buried with him and who led a revolt to depose a king, she's hardly mentioned.

这太疯狂了。

It's crazy.

关于她只字未提。

Don't say anything about her.

几乎没有任何记载。

Barely a word.

仅有的信息就是墓碑上的一行字：'安息吧，我的爱人，芙玛拉雅'。

All there is is this one line that says, r I p, my love, Fumalaya.

你感到意外吗？

Are you surprised?

我本以为会有关于她的记载。

I was expecting her to have a thing.

我也是。

Me too.

我想让我自己忙一会儿。

I want me to do a while.

别担心我。

Don't worry me.

是啊。

Yeah.

这很能说明问题。

That that says a lot.

正如朱迪斯所说，即使记得她的人，也往往只把她视为费拉故事里的脚注，而非她自己人生的主角。

Even people who do remember her, says Judith, tend to think of her as a footnote in Fela's story rather than the hero of her own.

不过很感谢你这么做，因为正是这点让我抓狂。

So appreciate that you're doing this though because that's the thing that drove me crazy.

她被简化为费拉的母亲。

She became reduced to Fela's mother.

因此，即便我在尼日利亚演讲时，人们也会对我揭示的所有事迹感到惊讶，因为她的抗争确实已被遗忘。

And so even when I would give talks in Nigeria, people would be surprised at all the stuff that I bring out because her activism has just really been forgotten.

费拉库提本人最终采纳了关于女性社会角色的极具争议的立场，这在许多方面与他母亲奋斗的目标背道而驰。

Felokuti himself would eventually take up positions about the role of women in society that were very controversial and in many ways flew in the face of what his mother was fighting for.

但他确实敬重她。

And yet he did honor her.

他称她为'尼日利亚之母'。

He referred to her as the mother of Nigeria.

1978年她去世时，政府突袭了他的住所，将她从窗口抛出。随后他录制了歌曲《无名士兵》讲述此事，歌声中能听到他哽咽的声音。

And in 1978, when she died, after the government raided his compound and literally threw her out of a window, he records a song called Unknown Soldier, where he sings about the incident, and you can hear his voice break.

他从未忘记她的成就，那些与她并肩游行的市集妇女们也从未忘记。

So he never forgot what she'd accomplished, and neither did those market women who marched with her.

让我告诉你。

So let me tell you.

我的祖母

My grandmother

这是耶尼·库蒂，费拉的长女，福马拉雅·兰索姆·库蒂的孙女。

This is Yeni Kuti, Fela's oldest daughter, Fomalaya Ransom Kuti's granddaughter.

我的祖母，当我们安葬她时，我们随车队前往阿贝奥库塔。

My grandmother, when we were burying her, we went to the convoy to Abbekuta.

阿贝奥库塔是她的家乡。

Abbekuta is her town.

当我们抵达阿贝奥库塔边界时，那里聚集了浩浩荡荡的妇女队伍。

When we got to the border of Abbekuta, there was this mammoth crowd of women.

浩浩荡荡的妇女队伍。

Mammoth crowd of women.

我们不得不停下。

We had to stop.

她们从我们手中接过她的遗体，一路护送并尊崇她为妇女的代言人。

They took her body from us and they walked with her and they honored her as the voice of the women.

这是一场人民的葬礼。

It was a people's funeral.

这是一场人民的葬礼。

It was a people's funeral.

JEDIBRAHMAD关于FEGA的播客节目名为《FEGA KUTTI FEAR No MAN》。

JEDIBRAHMAD's podcast about FEGA is called FEGA KUTTI FEAR No MAN.

你可以在任何收听播客的平台找到它。

You can get it wherever you get your podcasts.

今天的节目由瓦莱丽·菲茨尼斯和伊曼纽尔·乔奇制作。

Well, today's program was produced by Valerie Fitness and Emmanuel Jochi.

今天参与节目制作的人员包括迈克尔·卡马特、苏珊·加巴德、索菲·吉尔、卡西·霍利、塞斯·弗林特斯通·尼尔森、凯瑟琳·雷·蒙多、纳迪亚·雷蒙德、阿丽莎·希普、克里斯托弗·索塔拉和玛丽莎·罗伯逊·特克斯托。

The people who helped put the show together today include Michael Kamate, Susan Gabbard, Sophie Gill, Cassie Howley, Seth Flintstone Nelson, Catherine Ray Mondo, Nadia Raymond, Alyssa Ship, Christopher Sotala, and Marissa Robertson Textor.

我们的执行编辑是萨拉·阿卜杜拉赫曼。

Our managing editor is Sara Abdurrahman.

我们的高级编辑是大卫·卡斯滕鲍姆。

Our senior editor is David Kastenbaum.

我们的总编辑是伊曼纽尔·巴里。

Our executive editor is Emmanuel Barry.

贾德在制作FEGA系列时的合作者包括伊恩·惠勒、安哥粉丝穆图·乌埃勒、鲁比·哈兰·沃尔什、佩佩·奥杜·杜以及奥卢瓦基米·奥拉·多·苏尔维。

Judd's collaborators in making his FEGA series were Ian Wheeler, Ango fan Mutu Uele, Ruby Haran Walsh, Pepe Odu Du, and Oluwakimi, Ola Do Sulwe.

该系列由贝纳德雷负责剪辑。

The series was edited by Benadere.

特别感谢VTech、胡米娅·雷瓦和黛比·奥希里，他们组建了合唱团在本集中演唱抗议歌曲。

Special thanks as well to VTech, Hunmiya Rewa, and Debbie Ohiri, who put together the choir singing protest songs throughout this episode.

阿代兰·凯协助翻译了这些歌曲。

Adairan Kay helped translate those songs.

本集事实核查由罗宾·里德和贾米拉·威尔金森完成。

The episode was fact checked by Robin Reed and Jamila Wilkinson.

温馨提示：如果您喜欢我们的节目并希望我们继续制作，请成为《This American Life》的合作伙伴。

Just a quick reminder that if you like our show and you want us to, you know, keep making it, please become a This American Life partner.

您将获得额外剧集。

You'll get bonus episodes.

还能享受无广告收听体验。

You'll get ad free listening.

你还能享受其他福利。

You'll get other perks.

但最重要的是，你将加入那些通过订阅共同贡献我们节目总预算四分之一的人群，这非常了不起。

But most important, you will join the people who now collectively contribute a fourth of our total budget for our show with their subscriptions, which is amazing.

我是说，你注册后能获得各种福利：额外剧集、无广告收听、以及直接在播客订阅中获取的精选存档，请访问thisamericanlife.org/lifepartners加入。

I mean, you sign up, you get all kinds of stuff, bonus episodes, ad free listening, an archive of greatest hits right in your podcast feed to join this American Life dot org slash Life Partners.

该链接也显示在节目备注中。

That link is also in the show notes.

《美国生活》由公共广播交换机构PRX向公共电台分发。

This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the public radio exchange.

一如既往感谢我们节目的联合创始人Tory Malatia。

Thanks as always to our program's co founder, Tory Malatia.

他所有的前任都住在

All his exes live in

税务局。

Taxes.

税款。

Taxes.

税款。

Taxes.

税款。

Taxes.

税款。

Taxes.

税款。

Taxes.

我是埃里克·格拉斯。

I'm Eric Glass.

下周继续为您带来《美国生活》的更多故事。

Back next week with more stories of This American Life.