第82空降师部署，以色列威胁入侵黎巴嫩，国土安全部资金谈判

至少有2000名来自第八十二空降师的伞兵被派往中东。

At least 2,000 paratroopers from the eighty second Airborne Division are being sent to the Middle East.

这是升级行为，还是施压伊朗进行谈判的策略？

Is this an escalation or a pressure tactic to force Iran to negotiate?

我是米歇尔·马丁。

I'm Michelle Martin.

这是马丁内斯，这里是NPR新闻的《Up First》节目。

That's a Martinez, and this is Up First from NPR News.

黎巴嫩驱逐了伊朗大使，指责德黑兰将该国拖入另一场战争。

Lebanon expels Iran's ambassador blaming Tehran for dragging the country into another war.

以色列威胁要在黎巴嫩南部使用其所谓的加沙模式。

Israel is threatening to use what it calls the Gaza model in Lebanon's South.

国会正逐步接近一项为国土安全部提供资金的协议，但民主党表示，特朗普总统的介入使谈判更加复杂。

And congress is inching toward a deal to fund the Department of Homeland Security, but Democrats say president Trump's input is complicating negotiations.

我认为他们达成的任何协议，我都不会满意。

I think any deal they make, I'm I'm pretty much not happy with it.

安检人员还要多久才能拿到工资？

How much longer will TSA agents work without pay?

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们为您带来开启一天所需的新闻。

We've got the news you need to start your day.

《新闻人物》是NPR最新推出的播客，您可以在这里收听NPR最重磅的访谈。

Newsmakers is NPR's newest podcast where you can find NPR's biggest interviews.

我们先来聊聊韦斯·摩尔，这位民主党冉冉升起的新星。

We begin with Wes Moore, a rising star in the Democratic Party.

你知道，光靠愤怒是无法赢得长期胜利的。

You know, you're never gonna win long term on anger.

来自马里兰州的韦斯·摩尔谈中期选举及其后续影响。

Wes Moore of Maryland on the midterms and beyond.

你必须能展示出替代方案是什么样子。

You gotta be able to show what an alternative looks like.

以上就是本周NPR《新闻人物》的全部内容。

That's this week on NPR's newsmakers.

请在NPR的YouTube频道收听或观看本节目。

Listen or watch the program on NPR's YouTube channel.

特朗普总统正向中东派遣数千名更多的美军士兵。

President Trump is sending thousands more American soldiers to the Middle East.

NPR已确认至少有2000名伞兵接到动员令。

NPR has confirmed at least 2,000 paratroopers have gotten orders to mobilize.

这些命令出台之际，特朗普本周的公开言论主要聚焦于与伊朗的外交。

The orders come as Trump's public comments this week have focused on diplomacy with Iran.

他继续坚持称，其政府正在与伊朗进行谈判以结束战争，但伊朗方面对此予以否认。

He continued to insist his administration is in talks to end the war, something Iran has denied.

特朗普周二表示，代表伊朗的某人曾提出与霍尔木兹海峡有关的某种‘奖励’，但他并未说明具体是什么，也没有说明是谁提出的。

Trump said Tuesday that whoever was representing Iran had offered some sort of prize related to the Strait Of Hormuz, but he didn't say what it was or who offered it.

那么，这次部署是为了向伊朗谈判代表施压，还是预示着美军即将投入战斗？

So is this deployment a way to pressure Iranian negotiators or a signal of the imminent use of American troops?

我们请来了NPR国家安全团队的奎尔·劳伦斯来解释一下。

We have Quill Lawrence from NPR's national security team to explain.

奎尔，关于这些部队，我们了解哪些情况？

Quill, what do we know about the troops?

本周，NPR和其他媒体曾报道，第82空降师的指挥官及其总部人员正前往中东，这暗示了NPR如今所确认的信息。

Well, this week, NPR and other outlets had reported that the commander of the eighty second Airborne Division and members of his headquarters staff were heading to the Middle East, and that suggested what NPR has now confirmed.

一位不愿公开身份的美国官员告诉我们的同事汤姆·鲍曼，来自北卡罗来纳州布拉格堡的第82空降师有两三千名士兵已接到通知，将前往该地区。

A US official who was not authorized to speak publicly told our colleague Tom Bowman that two to 3,000 troops from the eighty second Airborne based in Fort Bragg, North Carolina have been notified that they're heading to the region.

因此，特朗普总统表示，他不会排除派地面部队的可能性。

So president Trump has said he won't rule out putting boots on the ground.

我们这里讨论的正是这个情况。

That's what we're talking about here.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yeah.

我的意思是，空降兵，你可能很容易想象他们跳伞夺取机场，但他们还有许多其他能力。

I mean, airborne paratroopers, I guess you might easily imagine them, parachuting in to take an airstrip, but they have many other abilities.

这些士兵来自该师的即时反应部队，能够在18小时内动员，前往全球任何地方执行各种任务。加上已经驶向波斯湾的两个海军陆战队远征部队，这可能会使六到八千名美国地面部队及其支援部队靠近伊朗。

These soldiers come from the division's immediate response force, which is able to mobilize within eighteen hours to go anywhere worldwide to do a variety of different missions Along with the two marine expeditionary units that are already sailing toward the Persian Gulf, this could bring about six to 8,000 American ground troops and their supporting troops in close proximity to Iran.

好的。

Okay.

那么，他们到达那里后会做什么呢？

And so what will they do when they get there?

他们的任务是什么？

What's their mission?

这都是推测。

This is all speculation.

我们不知道。

We don't know.

几十年来，一直有美国军方的计划搁置在架子上，计划夺取伊朗在波斯湾顶端的出口枢纽——哈尔克岛。

For decades, there have been US military plans sitting on a shelf to take Karga Island, which is Iran's exporting hub at the top of the Persian Gulf.

伊朗90%的石油都从那里出口。

90% of Iran's oil comes out of there.

据说特朗普总统几十年来一直对哈尔克岛特别感兴趣。

President Trump is said to have a particular interest in Kharg Island going back decades.

美国在此次战争中已经轰炸过该岛，但他们称避开了石油设施。

The US has already bombed it during this war, but they said they avoided oil infrastructure.

但再次强调，派遣这些部队可能只是一种谈判策略。

But, again, sending these troops, it could all be a a negotiating tactic.

是的。

Yeah.

所以我想回溯一下，因为周一特朗普总统说，这是一场高层谈判，可能正朝着外交解决的方向发展。

So I wanna go back a bit because on Monday, president Trump said these are high level negotiations, and it could be heading toward a diplomatic resolution.

但他现在却向该地区派遣了数千名地面部队，这听起来像是与缓和局势背道而驰。

But now he's sending thousands of ground troops to the region, sounds like the opposite quill of de escalation.

是的。

Yeah.

我的意思是，我能理解为什么我们的听众会对这种情况感到困惑。

I mean, I can see why our listeners might be confused by this.

这传递出的信息是矛盾的。

It's a mixed message.

我的意思是，NPR已经确认，存在与第三方国家进行秘密渠道对话的努力。

I mean, NPR has confirmed that there are at least back channel efforts with third countries to open up a dialogue.

特朗普总统称他已经在与伊朗对话，但伊朗方面否认了这一点。

President Trump says he's already talking with Iran, but the Iranians deny that.

现在部署数千名地面部队，可能会让任何谈判中的威胁更具可信度，即存在直接政权更迭或夺取核材料的可能性。

Now having thousands of ground troops could make it a more credible threat in any negotiations to pressure the Iranian regime, that there is some threat of direct regime change or seizure of the nuclear material.

这一切都只是推测。

This is all speculation.

国防部长皮特·海格塞斯明确表示，美国不会陷入类似伊拉克和阿富汗那样的长期泥潭，而伊朗距离那种持续数十年、投入数十万美军、数千名美军阵亡的冲突还很远。

Secretary of defense, Pete Hegseth, has said in blunt terms that The US won't get into some sort of prolonged quagmire like Iraq and Afghanistan, and Iran is still far from that, you know, a decades long conflict with hundreds of thousands of US troops and thousands of American troops killed in action.

到目前为止，伊朗的伤亡极其惨重，破坏也极其严重，但美军的伤亡却很低。

So far, you know, Iranian casualties have been massive and the destruction there has been massive, but US casualties have been low.

美国仍然可以，你知道的，乘船和飞行撤离。

The US could still, you know, sail and fly away.

到目前为止，美国所付出的代价是政治和经济上的，而向伊朗土地派遣地面部队将大大增加美军伤亡的风险，并引入另一系列变量，因为战争是不可预测的。

And the cost so far for The US have been political and economic, and putting boots on Iranian soil would bring much higher risks of US casualties and bring in a whole another set of variables, and war is unpredictable.

美国主要的经济痛点是霍尔木兹海峡，该海峡目前基本处于关闭状态，切断了石油和其他关键出口，导致全球油价上涨，包括美国本土的加油站价格。

And the main economic pain point for The US is the Strait Of Hormuz, which remains largely closed, choking off oil and other crucial exports and driving up prices worldwide, including at the gas pump here in The United States.

目前尚不清楚这些额外的部队将如何影响伊朗的封锁，或伊朗可能采取何种反制措施。

It's not clear how these extra troops would affect that Iranian blockade or what countermeasures Iran might take.

这是NPR的奎尔·劳伦斯。

That's NPR's Quill Lawrence.

奎尔，谢谢。

Quill, thanks.

谢谢。

Thank you.

近一个月来，

For nearly a month, the

世界一直关注美国和以色列对伊朗的制裁、海湾地区的报复行动以及能源价格的飙升。

world has been focused on US and Israeli tax on Iran, retaliation across The Gulf, and skyrocketing energy prices.

但这场战争的另一条战线却在黎巴嫩，成为最致命的战场之一。

But another front in this war has been one of the most deadly in Lebanon.

以色列为了回应伊朗支持的真主党武装分子的火箭袭击，一直在轰炸民居、高速公路、桥梁和加油站。

That's where Israel has been bombing homes, highways, bridges, and fuel stations in response to rocket fire by Iranian backed Hezbollah militants.

这重新点燃了长期存在的跨境冲突，暴力局势可能即将加剧。

It's reignited a long running cross border conflict, and the violence may be about to intensify.

以色列官员警告称，可能会发动地面入侵。

Israeli officials are warning of a ground invasion.

NPR的劳伦·弗赖尔正在黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特。

NPR's Lauren Freyer is in Lebanon's capital of Beirut.

劳伦，你那里的情况怎么样？

Lauren, what's it like, where you are?

我们整晚都听到巨大的爆炸声。

Well, we've been hearing loud booms through the night.

以色列表示，他们正在贝鲁特郊区针对真主党武装分子进行打击，就在我所在位置以南。

Israel says it's targeting Hezbollah militants in Beirut suburbs, so just south of where I am.

你知道，真主党是黎巴嫩政坛一支强大的力量，与政府是分开的。

You know, Hezbollah is a powerful force in Lebanese politics distinct from the government.

它得到了伊朗的支持。

It's backed by Iran.

以色列称，他们已在黎巴嫩境内击毙了伊朗革命卫队的指挥官。

Israel says it's killed commanders of Iran's revolutionary guards here inside Lebanon.

然而，人权组织表示，平民伤亡代价不成比例。

Human rights groups, though, say the civilian cost has been disproportionate.

黎巴嫩政府表示，昨天至少有33人丧生，其中包括一名三岁儿童，本月已有超过一千人遇难。

The Lebanese government says at least 33 people were killed yesterday, including a three year old, more than a thousand people killed this month.

政府称，黎巴嫩近五分之一的人口因这场暴力事件而流离失所。

The government says nearly a fifth of the entire population of Lebanon has been displaced by this violence.

因此，人们现在正在贝鲁特的一个足球场露营。

So people are camping out at a soccer stadium in Beirut.

学校无限期停课。

Schools are shut indefinitely.

不到一年半前，以色列和真主党之间上一场战争以停火告终，但以色列的袭击从未真正停止。

Less than a year and a half ago, a previous war between Israel and Hezbollah ended in a ceasefire, but Israeli attacks never really stopped.

我昨天采访了一名大学生，她自2024年以来已经三次试图开始大一学业，但课程总是被取消。

And I spoke to a college student yesterday who's tried to start her freshman year three times since 2024, but classes keep getting canceled.

我们第一学期是在线学习的。

We studied online the first semester.

这真的很困难。

It was really hard.

后来大学被改成了避难所。

Then they opened the universities as shelters.

他们改变了学习制度。

They changed the system of the studying.

他们为我们安排了部分考试。

They they did for us the partial exams.

她不愿意透露姓名，因为她住在由一个政党运营的疏散避难所里，担心可能遭到报复。

And she didn't wanna give her name because she's staying in an evacuation shelter run by a political party, and she's worried about potential retribution.

有什么迹象表明以色列可能即将入侵？

What indications are there that an Israeli invasion might be happening soon?

以色列国防部长昨天说了这一点。

Israel's defense minister said it yesterday.

他说以色列计划占领黎巴嫩领土，将以黎边界向北推进约10到20英里，直达利塔尼河。

He said he Israel plans to take Lebanese territory, move the Israeli Lebanese border northward by about 10 to 20 miles up to the Litani River.

他表示，他想用他所谓的‘加沙模式’彻底消灭真主党。

He says he wants to finish off Hezbollah once and for all using what he called the Gaza model.

你已经看过以色列袭击如何摧毁那片地区的画面了。

You've seen footage of how Israeli attacks left that territory.

以色列一直在轰炸横跨这条河的桥梁，称这些桥梁被真主党使用。

Israel's been bombing bridges across that river saying they're used by Hezbollah.

将边界北移将使数十万黎巴嫩人生活在被占领土上，包括这位名叫保罗·赖希的人。

Moving that border would leave hundreds of thousands of Lebanese living in occupied territory, including this man, Paul Reich.

他是位于艾因·艾贝尔村的一名市政官员。

He's a municipal official in a village called Ein Ebel.

NPR通过电话联系到了他。

NPR reached him by phone.

他说他担心自己的地区将不再属于黎巴嫩。

He says he's worried his region will no longer be Lebanese.

他不知道是该留下还是离开。

He doesn't know whether to stay or go.

他说，道路正遭到以色列的空袭。

The roads are getting hit by Israeli interstrikes, he says.

这种情况以前也发生过。

And this has happened before.

以色列曾在八九十年代占领黎巴嫩南部近二十年。

Israel occupied Southern Lebanon for nearly two decades in the eighties and nineties.

现在我想明确一下。

Now I just wanna be clear.

美国和以色列一直联合攻击伊朗。

US and Israel together have been attacking Iran.

但在黎巴嫩，是否只是以色列独立发动袭击？

But in Lebanon, is it just Israel striking independently?

没错。

That's right.

因此，黎巴嫩实际上是美国的安全合作伙伴。

So Lebanon is actually a US security partner.

美国资助黎巴嫩军队。

The US helps fund the Lebanese army.

这些都是以色列单方面对黎巴嫩的袭击。

So these are unilateral Israeli attacks on Lebanon.

如果伊朗方面达成停火，你知道，这条战线可能仍会持续。

And if there's a ceasefire in Iran, you know, this front could actually continue.

那么黎巴嫩政府对此有何说法？毕竟，正如你所知，他们得到了美国的支持。

What's the Lebanese government then saying about this considering as you know it, they're supported by The US?

黎巴嫩政府处于一个相当棘手的境地。

The Lebanese government is in a pretty tricky position.

它本被要求解除真主党的武装，但并未做到。

It has been tasked with disarming Hezbollah itself, but it hasn't done so.

不过，本周黎巴嫩政府表示将驱逐伊朗大使，并给予他截至周日离境的期限。

This week, though, the Lebanese government said it's expelling the Iranian ambassador, giving him till Sunday to leave the country.

以色列赞扬了这一举动。

Israel praised that move.

真主党批评了这一决定。

Hezbollah criticized it.

这表明黎巴嫩可能正在转向反对伊朗，而伊朗一直是该地区的重要势力。

It is a sign that Lebanon may be turning on Iran, which has been a power broker here.

这是NPR驻贝鲁特的劳伦·弗赖尔的报道。

That's NPR's Lauren Freyer in Beirut.

劳伦，谢谢。

Lauren, thank you.

不客气。

You're welcome.

由于官员们持续领不到工资，许多机场的排队队伍越来越长。

Lines at many airports are getting longer as officers continue to go without pay.

包括运输安全管理局在内的国土安全部已经停摆超过一个月。

The Department of Homeland Security, which includes TSA, has been shut down for more than a month.

白宫和国会之间断断续续地进行过关于拨款协议的谈判，但是否取得了实际进展呢？

There have been talks on and off between the White House and Congress to reach a funding deal, but is there actual progress being made?

那么，让我们来问问NPR的国会记者芭芭拉·斯普伦特。

Well, let's ask NPR congressional correspondent Barbara Sprunt.

芭芭拉，国会山那边的情况如何？

Barbara, what's the view from Capitol Hill?

嗯，这里或许有一点进展的迹象，但我并不想夸大其词。

Well, there may be a glimmer of progress here, but I don't wanna oversell it.

这仍然只是微弱的迹象。

It's still just a glimmer.

好的。

K.

自今年早些时候联邦执法人员在明尼苏达州打死两名美国公民以来，民主党人一直要求改革移民执法政策。

Democrats have been demanding changes immigration enforcement, ever since federal officers killed two US citizens in Minnesota earlier this year.

参议院共和党人昨天向民主党人提出了另一项潜在协议，但民主党高层表示，该方案缺乏他们希望看到的重大改革。

Senate Republicans sent Democrats another potential deal yesterday, but top Democrats said it didn't have the significant reforms that they wanna see.

新情况是，有可能为国土安全部提供资金，但排除移民与海关执法局的拘留和遣返行动。

What's new is the potential to fund DHS minus ICE's detention and deportation operations.

这将使该部门的其他部分获得资金，包括那些目前无薪工作的运输安全管理局官员。

And this would allow the rest of the department to get funded, including those TSA officers currently working without pay.

我知道民主党人长期以来一直推动为国土安全部提供资金，但不包括对移民与海关执法局的拨款。

I know Democrats have been pushing to fund DHS without any funding for ICE for some time.

这个计划并不完全等同于那样。

This plan isn't quite that.

听起来有点接近了，那么民主党人对此是否认可？

It sounds like a little close, so are Democrats sold on it?

现在不行。

Not right now.

他们担心ICE的执法方式不会有重大改变。

They're concerned that there won't be major changes to ICE enforcement tactics.

他们一直推动的一个例子是禁止特工佩戴面罩，以及修改搜查令程序。

One example that they've been pushing for is a ban on face coverings for agents and changes to warrant procedures.

作为提醒，尽管目前处于停摆状态，ICE仍然有资金，这是因为去年他们获得了数百亿美元的资金注入。

Now as a reminder, ICE still has money despite the current shutdown, and that's because of an injection of tens of billions of dollars, that they got last year.

但随着这项协议的出现，不只有民主党人持谨慎态度。

But as this deal emerges, it's not just Democrats who are hesitant.

一些共和党人也是如此。

Some Republicans are too.

共和党人。

Republicans.

为什么？

Why?

他们担心的是这个流程。

Well, they're worried about the process.

白宫仍然希望为移民与海关执法局的执法工作提供资金。

The White House is still going to want to fund ICE enforcement.

这一点不会改变。

That's not going away.

建议现在就为国土安全部的其他部分拨款，而将移民与海关执法局的拨款留到以后，通过一种预算工具让共和党人在没有民主党支持的情况下通过。

The suggestion is to fund the rest of DHS now and deal with ICE later with a budget tool that would let Republicans pass it without Democrat support.

这被称为预算和解程序。

That's called reconciliation.

如果走这条路，一些共和党人希望在同一个程序中加入特朗普总统的另一项重大立法优先事项——通过选举制度改革法案。

And if they're going down that road, some Republicans want to include another big legislative priority for president Trump in that same process, passing an elections overhaul package.

但要使用预算和解程序，法案必须符合一套非常具体的预算规则，而目前尚不清楚该法案的条款能否通过这些规则。

But to use reconciliation, the legislation has to comply with a very specific set of budget rules, and it's unclear that provisions of the bill would be able to get past those rules.

事实上，昨天，犹他州参议员迈克·李——这位选举法案的主要支持者——表示，以这种方式通过该法案基本上是不可能的。

In fact, yesterday, Utah senator Mike Lee, who's a major supporter of the elections bill, said it's essentially impossible for it to pass in this way.

我知道特朗普总统也是支持者。

I know president Trump is a supporter as well.

他对此发表意见了吗？

Has he weighed in on this?

他发表了。

He has.

这是他昨天说的话。

Here's what he said yesterday.

嗯，我不想在看到协议前评论，但你知道，他们在谈判一项协议。

Well, don't wanna comment until I see the deal, but as you know, they're negotiating a deal.

我想他们已经相当接近了。

I guess they're getting fairly close.

但我认为，无论他们达成什么协议，我都不会满意。

But I I think any deal they make, I'm I'm pretty much not happy with it.

现在，我认为这种评论——基本上无论怎样我都不会满意——并不会让共和党议员们充满信心。

Now I don't think that type of comment, basically, I'm probably not gonna be happy no matter what, instills a lot of confidence for GOP lawmakers.

这为他最终拒绝这些计划所形成的任何框架留下了空间。

It leaves room for him to ultimately reject whatever framework emerges from these plans.

民主党人表示，这同样让他们难以推进。

And Democrats say it makes it hard for them as well.

以下是华盛顿州参议员帕蒂·默里对当前谈判的评论。

Here's senator Patty Murray of Washington on the ongoing negotiations.

如果总统不在社交媒体上不断提出新的、不合理的诉求，他们的工作效率会高得多。

They would be a lot more productive if the president didn't keep making new and unreasonable demands over social media.

当共和党人自己都尚未达成一致时，要与他们找到共同点实在非常困难。

It is awfully hard to find common ground with Republicans when it's not clear that they have common ground amongst themselves.

好的。

Okay.

那接下来怎么办？

So what now?

参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩表示，他希望在本周末前完成国土安全部的拨款。

Well, senate majority leader John Thune says he wants to get DHS funded by the end of the week.

国会即将迎来两周的休会期。

There's a two week recess coming up for Congress.

但我认为很难做出这样的承诺。

But I think it's hard to commit to that.

过去几天里，这里的情况反复无常。

There has been a lot of whiplash around here over the last few days.

很难看到清晰的前进方向。

It's hard to see a clear path forward.

这是NPR的芭芭拉·斯普鲁nt。

That's NPR's Barbara Sprunt.

芭芭拉，谢谢。

Barbara, thanks.

谢谢。

Thank you.

准确性和深度是我们NPR工作的核心。

Accuracy and depth are at the heart of what we do here at NPR.

如果你重视我们的报道，请考虑在你收听播客的平台留下评价。

Now if you value our reporting, please consider leaving a review wherever you listen to podcasts.

听众GA的Susie q，真是个好名字，最近提到他们欣赏我们多样化的主播和基于事实的新闻报道。

Listener GA Susie q, great name, recently noted that they appreciate the variety of presenters and the fact based journalism they provide.

你们的评价有助于向算法传递这样的信息：这种值得信赖的新闻报道非常重要。

Now your reviews help signal to the algorithms that this kind of trusted journalism matters.

我们阅读每一条评价，并感谢你们的支持。

We read everyone and we appreciate the support.

这就是周三，3月25日的《Up First》节目。

And that's Up First for Wednesday, March 25.

我是艾米·马丁内斯。

I'm Amy Martinez.

我是米歇尔·马丁。

And I'm Michelle Martin.

今天《Up First》的编辑团队包括杰里·霍姆斯、安德鲁·苏斯曼、凯尔西·内尔、穆罕默德·埃尔巴迪西和艾丽丝·韦尔弗莱。

Today's episode of Up First was edited by Gerry Holmes, Andrew Sussman, Kelsey Snell, Mohamad ElBardicy, and Alice Woelfle.

本节目由齐亚德·布赫和妮亚·杜马斯制作。

It was produced by Ziad Buchh and Nia Dumas.

我们的导演是克里斯托弗·托马斯。

Our director is Christopher Thomas.

我们的工程支持来自妮莎·海尼斯。

We get engineering support from Neisha Heinis.

我们的技术总监是卡莉·斯特兰奇，监制是迈克尔·利普金。

Our technical director is Carly Strange, and our supervising producer is Michael Lipkin.

希望您明天再与我们相聚。

We hope you'll join us again tomorrow.