国土安全部资金谈判，俄罗斯袭击乌克兰电网，选举国有化

部分政府停摆已经结束，现在国会必须完成其余的工作。

The partial government shutdown is over, and now congress has to do the rest of its job.

议员们有九天时间就限制移民执法措施进行谈判。

Lawmakers have nine days to negotiate restraints on immigration enforcement.

他们愿意接受什么条件？

What are they willing to accept?

我是史蒂夫·因斯科普，和米歇尔·马丁一起，这里是NPR新闻的《早间要闻》。

I'm Steve Inskeep with Michelle Martin, and this is Up First from NPR News.

在同意暂停袭击以推动和平谈判后，俄罗斯再次攻击了乌克兰的电力网络。

Russia is hitting Ukraine's power grid again after agreeing to stop those attacks while peace talks move forward.

乌克兰总统表示，他正在等待美国的回应，那么他与莫斯科的外交努力是否有效？

Ukraine's president says he's waiting for an American response, so his diplomacy with Moscow making any difference?

特朗普总统公开呼吁联邦政府接管某些州的选举工作。

And president Trump is openly calling for the federal government to take over elections in some states.

共和党人应该将投票制度全国化。

The Republicans ought to nationalize the voting.

宪法对此怎么说？

What does the constitution have to say about that?

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们将为您提供开启一天所需的新闻。

We'll give you news you need to start your day.

2026年将迎来我们现在所庆祝的黑人历史月的第一百周年。

2026 marks the one hundredth anniversary of what we now celebrate as Black History Month.

因此，在《Code Switch》节目中，我们正在回顾这段历程。

So on Code Switch, we're reflecting on that journey.

黑人历史月是人们观察黑人历史作为一场运动和一种遗产的时刻，这场运动旨在纠正历史记录。

Black History Month is a time for people to observe Black History as a movement and and a legacy that was about correcting the historical record.

请在NPR应用程式或您收听播客的平台收听NPR的《Code Switch》播客。

Listen to NPR's code switch podcast on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

部分联邦政府停摆已经结束。

The partial federal government shutdown has ended.

众议院于周二以217票对214票通过决议，为大多数政府机构提供资金至九月。

The house voted 217 to 214 on Tuesday to fund most government offices through September.

你注意到了吗，米歇尔说的是‘大多数’。

You'll notice Michelle said most.

国会现在只剩下九天时间来完成对国土安全部预算的谈判。

Congress now has just nine days to finish negotiating the budget for the Department of Homeland Security.

议员们在移民执法改革问题上分歧严重。

Lawmakers seem far apart over changes to immigration enforcement.

民主党要求进行改革，此前联邦特工在明尼苏达州开枪击毙了两名美国人。

Democrats are demanding changes after federal agents shot and killed two Americans in Minnesota.

NPR移民政策记者杰曼娜·布斯蒂略一直追踪此事，现在她与我们连线，为我们带来最新进展。

NPR immigration policy correspondent Gemana Bustillo has been tracking all this and is with us now to bring us up today.

早上好，杰曼娜。

Good morning, Gemana.

早上好，米歇尔。

Good morning, Michelle.

所以，移民和海关执法局（ICE）去年夏天已经从国会获得了750亿美元。

So the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency, ICE, already got $75,000,000,000 from congress last summer.

那么，这笔资金和国会试图在2月13日之后达成的拨款方案之间有什么区别呢？

So what's the difference between that and what congress is trying to come up with after February 13?

嗯。

Mhmm.

在这种情况下，我们讨论的是整个国土安全部（DHS）的拨款，而不仅仅是ICE，直到财年结束。

So in this instance, we're talking about funding for all of DHS and not just ICE through the end of the fiscal year.

你提到的这750亿美元是来自那一项大型拨款法案，而且仅用于ICE。

So that 75,000,000,000 that you're talking about was in the one big beautiful bill, and that was just for ICE.

这使得移民和海关执法局成为联邦执法机构中资金最充足的部门。

It made immigration and customs enforcement the highest funded federal law enforcement agency.

现在，国会仍需依法进行所谓的年度拨款，这是每个部门必须每年更新的基础预算，否则就会导致政府停摆。

Now Congress still has to, by law, do what's called annual appropriations, and that's the baseline budget for each department that has to get renewed every year or we have these shutdowns.

好的。

Okay.

所以这笔资金是针对整个部门，而不仅仅是一个机构，这就是为什么这件事如此重要。

So this is for the whole department and not just one agency, and so that's why this is a big deal.

好的。

Okay.

所以防暴摄像机一直被提及。

So body cameras keep coming up.

民主党希望移民官员佩戴执法记录仪，但国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺埃姆本周已表示，明尼阿波利斯所有一线官员都将配发执法记录仪。

Democrats want immigration officers to wear body cameras, but DHS secretary Christy Noem already said this week that every officer on the ground in Minneapolis specifically would be issued a body camera.

那么他们还需要协商的问题是什么？

So what's the issue they still need to negotiate?

对。

Right.

请记住，这并不会一夜之间实现。

And keep in mind that that wouldn't necessarily happen overnight.

仅仅在明尼阿波利斯全面实施这一措施就可能需要超过180天。

It could take over one hundred and eighty days to fully implement that just in Minneapolis.

诺姆还表示，随着资金到位，该摄像头项目将扩展到整个机构，覆盖所有特工。

Noam also said that as funding is available, the body camera program would be expanded nationwide across the agency to all agents.

但民主党人并不只想听诺姆的口头承诺。

But Democrats want more than just Noam's word for it.

他们希望将其写入法律。

They want it written into law.

目前国会协商的国土安全部预算法案确实为摄像头拨款2000万美元，但民主党人希望强制规定必须实际使用这些设备。

And the current DHS budget bill negotiated by Congress does provide $20,000,000 for body cameras, but Democrats want to mandate that they actually be used.

这仅仅是讨论过的诸多要求之一，而且这一项已获得一些两党支持，但其他要求则更具争议性。

And this is just one of the asks that has been discussed, and this one has gotten some bipartisan support, but other requests have been more contentious.

比如哪些？

Like what?

例如，民主党人希望强制规定移民官员只有在持有法官签署的搜查令时才能进行逮捕。

Democrats want to mandate that immigration officers only use warrants signed by a judge to make arrests, for example.

他们表示，目前国土安全部自行签发、未经法官签署的行政搜查令，引发了关于侵犯民众第四修正案免受不合理搜查和扣押权利的质疑。

They say that the current use of administrative warrants, are written by DHS itself and not signed by a judge, raises questions about violations to people's Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizures.

虽然一些共和党人有兴趣就此事进行谈判和讨论，但其他人，比如众议院议长迈克·约翰逊，却对此泼了冷水。

While some Republicans are interested in negotiating and talking about this, others, like house speaker Mike Johnson, have poured cold water all over this.

民主党人还希望禁止执法人员佩戴面罩，但共和党人普遍反对这一提议，认为这会使联邦特工更容易遭到人肉搜索。

Democrats also want to ban officers from using face coverings, but Republicans are broadly opposed to this and say that it would make it easier for people to dox federal agents.

好的。

Okay.

所以他们只有九天时间了。

So they have nine days.

倒计时现在开始了。

The clock is now ticking.

我在想，立法者们是否真的认为他们能完成这件事。

I'm wondering if lawmakers really think they can get this done.

你的报道有什么看法？

What does your reporting suggest?

你知道，许多议员对不到两周的时间内达成如此重大的妥协感到怀疑。

You know, many members are skeptical that less than two weeks is even enough time to come up with such a large compromise.

如果他们无法完成这项工作，可能会导致国土安全部停摆，进而影响该机构中非移民相关的职能，如灾害应对和运输安全管理局。

If they can't get this done, they could risk a shutdown of just DHS, which puts at risk nonimmigration parts of the agency, like disaster response and TSA.

这是NPR的赫梅娜·布斯托。

That is NPR's Hemena Busto.

赫梅娜，谢谢你。

Hemena, thank you.

谢谢。

Thank you.

旨在结束乌克兰战争的和平谈判今天在阿布扎比恢复举行。

Peace talks aimed at ending the war in Ukraine resume in Abu Dhabi today.

谈判已进展到乌克兰和俄罗斯谈判代表与美国方面面对面会谈的阶段。

They've advanced to the point where Ukrainian and Russian negotiators are now meeting face to face with The US.

特朗普总统表示，他比以往任何时候都更加乐观。

President Trump has said he is more optimistic than ever.

上周，总统要求俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京在谈判进行期间，暂停在寒冷的冬季对基辅及其他乌克兰城市发动袭击。

Last week, the president asked Russian president president Vladimir Putin to hold off on striking Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities during a frigid winter while the negotiations are underway.

我们现在连线NPR的埃莉诺·比尔德利，她正在乌克兰首都基辅，为我们带来更多信息。

We're gonna go now to NPR's Eleanor Beardsley, who is in Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, to hear more.

早上好，埃莉诺。

Good morning, Eleanor.

早上好，米歇尔。

Good morning, Michelle.

那么，请告诉我们总统要求的停火情况如何？

So tell us about this pause the president asked for.

这种情况发生了吗？

Did that happen?

嗯，确实持续了几个晚上。

Well, yeah, it did for a couple nights.

乌克兰的城市没有像往常那样遭到成群的无人机和导弹袭击，但这种状况并没有持续太久。

Ukraine's cities did not get hit with the swarms of drones and missiles they've become used to, but it didn't last long.

周一晚上，袭击重新开始了。

Monday night, the strikes resumed.

我躺在床上，他们半夜开始袭击时，我能听到天空中传来巨大的爆裂和轰鸣声，那是防空系统拦截导弹的声音，还有地面传来的呼啸声。

I was here in bed when they started after midnight, and you could hear loud cracking and booming in the sky as they were met with air defenses and a sort of whooshing noise from the ground.

你知道，泽连斯基总统说，俄罗斯更感兴趣的是利用冬季最寒冷的几天来恐吓民众，而不是进行外交。

You know, president Zelenskyy said Russia is, quote, more interested in taking advantage of the coldest days of winter to terrorize people than diplomacy.

这是泽连斯基昨晚在对全国的日常讲话中的内容。

And here's Zelenskyy speaking in his daily address to the people last night.

他说，我们看到俄罗斯是如何回应美国总统的个人请求的——用弹道导弹。

He says we see how Russia responds to a personal request from the president of The United States with ballistic missiles.

连四个完整的日子都还没过去。

Not even four full days have passed.

那为什么特朗普总统却在宣称取得了进展？

Then why is president Trump hailing progress?

看来在安全保证方面取得了重大进展，这对乌克兰至关重要，以确保俄罗斯不会将其占领的领土作为未来重新入侵的跳板。

Well, it seems there has been great progress on security guarantees, which are crucial for Ukraine to make sure Russia does not use its gains as a launch pad to reinvade in the future.

北约秘书长马尔克·鲁塔昨天抵达了基辅。

And secretary general of NATO Mark Ruta was in Kyiv yesterday.

他向乌克兰议会发表了讲话。

He spoke to the Ukrainian parliament.

但在那之前，他参观了一座当晚遭到袭击的热电厂，据市长称，这次袭击导致基辅一千多栋公寓楼断电断暖。

But before that, he visited a thermal power plant that was hit that night, cutting power and heat to more than a thousand apartment buildings in Kyiv according to the mayor.

当夜间气温降至华氏零下10度时，鲁塔站在电厂被炸毁、冒着蒸汽的残骸中。

As overnight temperatures in the shell hit minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit, here's Ruta standing in the midst of the mangled steaming wreckage of the plant.

这家电厂昨晚遭到五枚俄罗斯导弹袭击，这些导弹完全不具备任何军事用途。

This plant was hit last night by five Russian missiles without any use in terms of military aids.

其目的仅仅是制造混乱和恐惧，让生活在乌克兰的普通民众感到不安。

It's only to create chaos and fear in ordinary citizens living in Ukraine.

你知道，鲁塔表示，这表明俄罗斯并不真心追求和平。

You know, Ruta said this shows that Russia is not serious about peace.

然而，鲁塔得到了特朗普总统和乌克兰方面的信任，他在乌克兰议会描绘了一幅乐观的图景。

However, Ruta is trusted by president Trump and the Ukrainians, and he painted an optimistic picture in the Ukrainian parliament.

他说，一旦战斗停止，欧洲准备在地面、空中和海上部署维和部队。

He said Europeans are ready to put peacekeeping troops on the ground, air, and sea once the fighting stops.

他说，美国，特别是特朗普总统，已经同意充当后盾，意味着任何和平协议都将由‘硬实力’来保障，而非仅仅签署文件。

And he said The US, president Trump personally, has agreed to be the backstop, meaning any peace will be guaranteed not by signed papers, but by, quote, hard force.

好的。

Okay.

嗯，这听起来确实像是进展。

Well, that does sound like progress.

那么，主要的分歧点是什么？

So what are the sticking points then?

嗯，可能有很多。

Well, there could be many.

首先，克里姆林宫欢迎外交谈判，但表示并不了解这些安全保证；而俄罗斯一直认为，如果欧洲军队进入乌克兰，那将构成合法打击目标。

First of all, the Kremlin welcomes diplomacy but says it's not aware of these security guarantees, and Russia has always said if there are European troops in Ukraine, that'd be a legitimate target.

此外，俄罗斯并未放弃其要求，即乌克兰必须交出东部顿涅茨克地区22%的领土——这些地区在四年多的战斗中，俄军始终未能完全占领，其中包括一条布满坚固工事、拥有若干受损城市的地带，阻挡了俄军向基辅方向进一步西进。

And Russia has not backed down from its demands that Ukraine hand over the 22% of the Eastern Donetsk region that its troops have been unable to take in four years of fighting, and that includes a heavily fortified belt of land with some battered cities that blocks Russian forces from progressing further west towards Kyiv.

那乌克兰人对此有何看法？

And and how do Ukrainians feel about that?

他们反对放弃那片土地，米歇尔。

Well, they're against giving that land up, Michelle.

而且你知道，即使在没有暖气和电力的严寒冬季，乌克兰人也绝不屈服。

And, you know, even in this frigid winter without heat and power, Ukrainians refuse to give in.

昨天，我沿着贯穿基辅市中心的第聂伯河散步。

Yesterday, I was out walking on the Dnipro River that cuts through the heart of Kyiv.

现在河面已经结冰了。

It's now frozen.

我遇到了一些冰上钓鱼的人，他们笑着告诉我，阳光明媚的河面上比他们没电的家里还要暖和。

And I talked to ice fishermen who told me, laughing, that it was warmer out there in the bright sun than in their homes with no power.

这位65岁的弗拉基米尔·卡拉贝n科通过NPR的制片人波琳娜·利特维诺娃向我们讲述了这些。

And here is 65 year old Volodymyr Karabenko who spoke to us through NPR's producer, Polina Litvinova.

我们

We

不会投降。

won't surrender.

我们不会放弃，至少不会不战而降。

We won't give up, at least without a fight.

你在街头和河面上听到的，正是民意调查所显示的。

And that's what you hear out on the streets and the river, and that's what polls say.

无论是轰炸还是严寒，都未能击垮乌克兰人。

Neither the bombing nor the cold is breaking Ukrainians.

确实如此。

That is.

NPR驻乌克兰首都基辅的记者埃莉诺·贝尔斯利。

NPR's Eleanor Bearsley in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

埃莉诺，谢谢。

Eleanor, thanks.

不客气，米歇尔。

You're welcome, Michelle.

特朗普总统本周表示，共和党人应该接管多个地区的投票工作，并将选举国家化。

President Trump said this week that Republicans should take over voting in a number of places and nationalize elections.

在前FBI副局长丹·邦尼诺的播客中，特朗普就非公民投票问题提出了多项不实主张，随后进一步推动联邦政府对选举的控制。

On the podcast of his former FBI deputy director Dan Bongino, Trump made a number of false claims about noncitizens voting before pushing for more federal control of elections.

我们至少应该在十几个地方接管投票。

We should take over the voting the voting in at least many 15 places.

共和党人应该将投票权国家化。

The Republicans ought to nationalize the voting.

为了明确一点，如果没有法律修改，这将是严重违法的。

Just to be clear, that would be super illegal without some change in the law.

周二，白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·利维特声称，总统指的是他希望共和党人在国会通过的一项法案，而总统在与共和党议员会面时再次重申了这一意愿。

On Tuesday, White House press secretary Caroline Leavitt claimed the president was referring to a bill that he wants Republicans to pass in congress, and the president repeated his desire while appearing with Republican lawmakers.

如果一个州无法组织选举，我认为我身后的人应该采取行动。

If a state can't run an election, I think the people behind me should do something about it.

因为，你知道，仔细想想，州政府在选举中只是联邦政府的代理人。

Because, you know, if you think about it, a state is an agent for the federal government in elections.

我不明白为什么联邦政府不直接来组织选举。

I don't know why the federal government doesn't do them anyway.

迈尔斯·帕克斯为NPR报道这个问题，所以我们请他来核实所有这些说法。

Miles Parks covers this issue for NNPR, so we're gonna ask him to fact check all this.

迈尔斯·帕克斯，早上好。

Miles Parks, good morning.

早上好。

Good morning.

加入我们的节目。

Joining us.

那我们先从特朗普总统的说法开始吧。

So let us start with what president Trump said.

你怎么看？

What do you make of it?

我的意思是，这感觉又是特朗普把心里话直接说出来的时刻。

I mean, it feels like another one of those moments where Trump says the quiet part out loud.

对吧？

Right?

我的意思是，在他的第二个任期内，我们一直报道政府在选举问题上不断侵入各州的职责范围。

I mean, for much of his second term, we've reported administration has been encroaching on state responsibilities when it comes to elections.

但这是总统首次如此明确地表示，他想在某些地方接管选举事务。

But this is the clearest we've heard the president just come out and say he wants to take over in some places.

至于他具体指的是哪15个地方，目前还不太清楚，不过他确实提到了亚特兰大、底特律和费城。

In terms of where exactly he's talking about these 15 places, that's still a little bit unclear, though he did mention Atlanta, Detroit, and Philadelphia.

这些地方都由民主党控制，拥有大量少数族裔人口，并且自2020年以来一直是选举阴谋论关注的焦点。

All places controlled by Democrats, all places with high minority populations, and all places that election conspiracy theories have really focused since 2020.

我想问问你，总统还采取了哪些其他方式来影响选举。

I wanna ask you about some of the other ways that the president has sought to influence elections.

但在那之前，你能先给我们简单介绍一下背景和历史吗？

But first, can you just give us a little background, a little history here?

宪法对总统在选举中的角色是如何规定的？

What does the constitution say about a president's role in elections?

他基本上没有任何职权。

He has basically no rule.

宪法第一条第四款，即选举条款，规定各州负责管理选举，但国会可以制定法律来建立全国性规则。

Article one section four of the constitution known as the elections clause says that states run elections, though congress can pass laws to make national rules.

那么，特朗普总统是如何突破这一界限的呢？

So how has president Trump been pushing that boundary?

有几种不同的方式。

A few different ways.

我的意思是，他上任后不久就签署了一项行政命令，但该命令因越权干预选举而被法院阻止。

I mean, shortly after he took office, he signed an executive order that's been blocked by the courts for trying to overstep his presidential authority in elections.

司法部正在要求每个州提供未经删减的选民名单，似乎是想监督各州如何维护这些名单。

The Department of Justice is asking every state for unredacted versions of their voter lists, seemingly to try to police how they're maintaining those lists.

大多数州并未配合。

The majority of states haven't complied.

而最近，我们看到了上周在佐治亚州富尔顿县的突袭行动，联邦特工没收了与特朗普2020年在那里落败相关的选举设备和选票。

And then most recently, we saw this raid in Fulton County last week, Fulton County, Georgia, where federal agents seized election equipment and ballots related to Trump's loss there in 2020.

我接触过的当地官员认为，这里存在一种趋势。

And local officials I talked to see a trend here.

缅因州州务卿谢娜·贝尔洛斯——她是一位民主党人——在周五的一场活动中这样说道。

Here's how Maine secretary of state Shenna Bellows, she's a democrat, put at an event on Friday.

我们知道2020年大选是安全且可靠的，2024年大选也是如此，只要联邦政府停止其违宪且非法的干预，2026年的大选也将如此。

We know the twenty twenty election was safe and secure as was the twenty twenty four election, and so will be the 2026 as long as the federal government stops its unconstitutional and unlawful interference.

她说，各州是主权实体，特朗普需要停止干预。

The states are sovereign, she said, and Trump needs to, quote, back off.

所以，比利斯秘书长是一位民主党人。

So secretary Billis is a Democrat.

只有民主党人对此感到担忧吗？

Are only Democrats concerned about this?

民主党人在这类问题上确实更为活跃，但今年我也听到了一些共和党选举官员的声音，他们表示正在积极应对联邦政府可能干预今年中期选举的可能性。

Democrats have definitely been more vocal on this issue, but I've heard from Republican election officials as well this year who say that they are actively preparing for the idea of federal interference in this year's midterms.

同样值得记住的是，在2020年，有许多共和党选举官员曾挺身而出，抵制特朗普的压力行动。

It's also worth remembering that in 2020, there were many, many Republican election officials that stood up to Trump's pressure campaign.

因此，在未来九个月里，我肯定会密切关注共和党选举官员如何应对这类言论，尤其是因为‘州权’——即选举中的州权理念——多年来一直是保守派的重要价值观。

So over the next nine months, this is definitely gonna be something I'm watching, how Republican election officials engage with some of this rhetoric, especially since states' rights, the idea of states' rights in elections, has been a big conservative value over the years.

这是NPR投票事务记者迈尔斯·帕克斯。

That is NPR voting correspondent, Miles Parks.

迈尔斯，谢谢。

Miles, thank you.

谢谢，米歇尔。

Thanks, Michelle.

以上是2月4日星期三的《Up》节目。

And that's Up for Wednesday, February 4.

我是米歇尔·马丁。

I'm Michelle Martin.

我是史蒂夫·因斯科普。

And I'm Steve Inskeep.

今天《Up First》的编辑是安娜·尤科纳诺夫、米格尔·纳西阿斯、本·斯韦兹、穆罕默德·埃尔·巴尔迪西和艾丽丝·沃尔夫林斯。

Today's Up First was edited by Anna Yukonanov, Miguel Nassias, Ben Swayze, Mohammed El Bardisi, and Alice Wolflings.

制作人是齐亚德·巴奇、尼娅·杜马斯和克里斯托弗·托马斯，我们的制片人。

Produced by Ziyad Butch, Nia Dumas, and Christopher Thomas, our director.

他一指我，我就说话。

I talk when he points.

我们得到尼莎·海尼斯的工程支持，我们的技术总监是卡莉·斯特兰奇。

We get engineering support from Nisha Heinis, and our technical director is Carly Strange.

她一打开麦克风，我也会说话。

I also talk when she opens the microphone.

谢谢。

Thank you.

我们的监制是迈克尔·利普金，他只是对我所说的话提出批评。

Our supervising producer is Michael Lipkin, who merely critiques what I say.

米歇尔一如既往地在这里。

And Michelle is here as always.

明天请继续关注我们。

Join us tomorrow.

想在没有广告插播的情况下收听这个播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可以通过亚马逊音乐免费收听UpFirst，或者您也可以支持NPR的重要新闻报道，并在plus.npr.org获取Up First Plus服务。

Amazon Prime members can listen to UpFirst sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

网址是plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.