以色列轰炸贝鲁特，密歇根和弗吉尼亚遭袭，住房法案

以色列军队袭击了贝鲁特市中心。

Israeli forces struck Central Beirut.

他们命令人们撤离黎巴嫩首都的部分地区，并对之前未被袭击的区域进行了空袭。

They ordered people to evacuate parts of Lebanon's capital and conducted airstrikes on areas that weren't hit before.

以色列军方负责人表示，黎巴嫩的行动将‘不会短暂’。

Israel's military chief says the operation in Lebanon will, quote, not be short.

我是史蒂夫·因斯科普，与A·马丁内斯一起，为您带来NPR新闻的《今日要闻》。

I'm Steve Inskeep with A Martinez, and this is Up First from NPR News.

周四，两起暴力事件引起了广泛关注。

Two acts of violence commanded attention on Thursday.

一名男子驾车冲入密歇根州的一座犹太教堂，弗吉尼亚州一所大学发生枪击事件，造成一人死亡、两人受伤。

A man drove a car into a synagogue in Michigan, and a shooting at a Virginia university left one victim dead and two injured.

调查人员如何看待这些袭击事件？

How are investigators thinking about those attacks?

参议院通过了数十年来最大的住房法案，共和党和民主党在很大程度上达成了一致。

And the Senate passed the largest housing bill in decades with both Republicans and Democrats, for the most part, on the same page.

该法案将禁止大型企业收购独栋住宅。

It would ban large corporations from buying up single family homes.

它会获得总统的支持吗？

Will it get the president's support?

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们将为您提供开启一天所需的新闻。

We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

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This message comes from Wise, the app for international people using money around the globe.

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You can send, spend, and receive in up to 40 currencies with only a few simple taps.

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Be smart.

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昨晚，以色列作为其在黎巴嫩重启攻势的一部分，袭击了贝鲁特市中心，此前伊朗支持的武装组织真主党向以色列北部发射了火箭。

Israel hit Central Beirut last night as part of its renewed offensive in Lebanon after the Iranian backed militant group Hezbollah launched rockets into Northern Israel.

自伊朗战争爆发以来，这已经是双方经历的最激烈战斗的几个夜晚之一。

This has been a couple of nights of some of the fiercest fighting yet between the two sides since the beginning of the war in Iran.

以色列表示，除非真主党被彻底击败，否则它不会停止行动。

Israel says it will not stop until Hezbollah is completely defeated.

NPR的哈迪勒·阿尔·沙尔奇正在贝鲁特。

NPR's Hadil Al Shalchi is in Beirut.

哈迪勒，昨晚发生了什么？

Hadil, what happened last night?

自伊朗战争爆发以来，这是以色列第三次袭击贝鲁特市中心。

So this was the third Israeli strike in Central Beirut since the war in Iran began.

但昨晚，这次袭击首次伴随着对贝鲁特市中心部分地区发布的疏散令。

But last night, it came with the first ever evacuation order for a part of Central Beirut.

以色列军方通知贝舒拉街区一栋建筑周围300码范围内的居民立即撤离。

The Israeli military told people within a 300 yard radius of a building in the Bashoorah neighborhood to leave the area.

这个街区是一个繁忙的住宅和商业区，距离我所在的位置大约一公里。

Now that neighborhood is a busy residential and commercial area about a kilometer from where I am.

它非常靠近总理办公室、联合国大楼以及一些外国大使馆。

It's very close to the prime minister's office, the UN building, and some foreign embassies.

自从我两周前抵达以来，头顶上一直有以色列无人机持续发出嗡嗡声，但昨晚当地时间05:30左右，这种声音突然停止了。

And, you know, ever since I arrived two weeks ago, there's been this constant loud buzz of Israeli drones overhead, but it stopped around 05:30 local time last night.

我们听到了战斗机从头顶飞过，接着是一声呼啸的预警性打击，警告人们真正的攻击即将来临。

We heard the fighter jets overhead, then a whoosh of a warning strike telling people that the real attacks were coming.

随后，我们听到了两声巨大的爆炸声，接连不断。

Then we heard two big booms, explosions one after another.

黑色的浓烟升腾而起，笼罩了贝鲁特的天际线，被袭击的建筑遭到损毁，但并未完全倒塌。

Black plumes of smoke rose over the Beirut skyline, and the building targeted was damaged but not destroyed.

以色列方面对这次袭击的原因有什么说法吗？

Has Israel said anything about why they carried out this attack?

虽然我们知道以色列军方声称其目标是打击和消灭真主党成员，但我们并不清楚昨晚那栋建筑里具体 targeting 的是什么。

So while we know that the Israeli military says it is targeting and killing Hezbollah operatives, we don't know what was being targeted in the building last night.

但一位不愿公开身份、仅以匿名方式接受 NPR 采访的地区官员表示，以色列在贝鲁特市中心的这次打击具有象征意义，意在传递一个信息：以色列不会再容忍真主党的炮火太久。

But an official in the region not authorized to speak publicly and speaking on condition of anonymity told NPR the Israeli strike in Central Beirut was symbolic to send a message that Israel will not tolerate Hezbollah's fire much longer.

你知道，真主党在周三晚上向以色列发射了迄今为止最猛烈的火箭弹袭击。

You know, Hezbollah unleashed its heaviest barrage of rockets on Israel on Wednesday night.

以色列军方估计，这次袭击包括约200枚火箭弹，同时伊朗也发射了弹道导弹。

The Israeli military estimates that it included 200 rockets and Iran fired ballistic missiles at the same time.

但以色列的表态是：听好了。

But the Israeli messaging is, look.

我们并没有像以往战争中那样攻击黎巴嫩的民用基础设施，比如电网或机场。

We're not attacking Lebanese civilian infrastructure like the electricity grid or the airport like we've done in previous wars.

因此，我们通过这些预警性打击来划定界限。

So we are keeping boundaries with these warning strikes.

当然，黎巴嫩和以色列几十年来一直处于战争状态，没有正式的外交关系，但黎巴嫩总统最近呼吁与以色列直接谈判，以结束这场战争，并一再请求国际社会帮助加强其军队，试图解除真主党的武装，因为真主党的武器装备远超这个国家。

Now Lebanon and Israel, of course, have been at war for decades, don't have formal diplomatic relations, but the Lebanese president has recently called for direct talks with Israel to see an end to this war and has asked the international community repeatedly to help bolster its army to try to disarm Hezbollah, which outguns this state.

以色列尚未公开评论，但这位官员告诉我们，以色列认为黎巴嫩政府正在采取积极措施打击真主党。

Israel has not commented publicly yet, but the official told us Israel sees positive signs from the Lebanese government to crack down on Hezbollah.

因此，如果我们最终看到双方展开谈判，也不会太令人意外。

So it wouldn't be too surprising if we do see talks at some point.

好的。

Okay.

现在我们看到这场战争正在导致大量人口流离失所，不仅在黎巴嫩，也在伊朗。

Now we're seeing how this war is really displacing huge numbers of people both in in Lebanon and Iran.

是的。

Mhmm.

在黎巴嫩，近一百万人从南部黎巴嫩和贝鲁特南郊流离失所，这些地区都被视为真主党的根据地，但同时也居住着大量平民。

So in Lebanon, almost a million people are displaced from South Lebanon and the suburbs in South Beirut, which are both considered to be Hezbollah strongholds, but also densely populated with civilians.

因此，贝鲁特的人口密度因此进一步上升，而一些从南部撤离的人又在贝鲁特市中心再次遭到袭击。

So Beirut has become even more densely populated as a result, and some of those displaced from the South are being struck again in Central Beirut.

根据黎巴嫩官员的说法，这场战争已造成超过700人死亡。

The war has also killed over 700 people according to Lebanese officials.

在伊朗，联合国表示，自战争爆发以来，已有多达320万人流离失所，其中大多数人从德黑兰及其他主要城市向北逃亡以寻求安全。

And in Iran, the United Nations says up to 3,200,000 people have been displaced since the war started, most of them fleeing from Tehran and other major urban areas towards the north of the country to look for safety.

这是NPR驻贝鲁特记者齐亚德·埃尔-萨尔奇的报道。

That's NPR's Ziad El Salchi in Beirut.

谢谢您坚持听完并为我们带来这篇报道。

Thanks for hanging in there and giving us, this report.

不客气。

You're welcome.

联邦调查局正在调查两起发生在周四的袭击事件。

The FBI is investigating two attacks that both happened Thursday.

在密歇根州，一名持枪男子驾车冲入一座犹太教堂。

In Michigan, an armed man drove a car into a synagogue.

在弗吉尼亚州，一名男子在大学教室开枪，造成一人死亡、两人受伤。

In Virginia, a man opened fire in a university classroom, killing one person and wounding two more.

联邦调查局称密歇根州的袭击是针对犹太社区的有针对性暴力行为，并称弗吉尼亚州的袭击是恐怖主义行为。

The FBI calls the Michigan attack a targeted act of violence against the Jewish community and calls the Virginia attack an act of terrorism.

我们首先连线底特律WDET成员台的亚历克斯·麦克伦南，了解被指控袭击密歇根州西布卢姆菲尔德以色列圣殿的嫌疑人详情。

We begin with Alex McLennan of member station WDET in Detroit with details on the person accused of the attack on Temple Israel in West Bloomfield, Michigan.

昨晚，国土安全部确认了在事件中被击毙的据称袭击者身份。

So last night, the Department of Homeland Security identified the alleged attacker who was killed during the incident.

他们表示，他是一名41岁的归化公民，出生于黎巴嫩。

They say he was a 41 year old naturalized citizen born in Lebanon.

他的名字是伊曼·穆罕默德·加扎利。

His name is Eman Mohamad Ghazali.

NPR已证实，加扎利的两名兄弟于本月早些时候在黎巴嫩被以色列空袭身亡。

NPR has confirmed that two of Ghazali's brothers were killed by an Israeli strike in Lebanon earlier this month.

他兄弟的两个孩子也不幸遇难。

Also killed were his brother's two children.

他的父母受伤住院，但当局表示调查需要时间，目前尚未公布作案动机。

His parents were wounded and are in the hospital, but authorities say their investigation will take time and they have not yet shared a motive.

好的。

Okay.

请描述一下当时发生了什么。

So take us through what happened.

所以昨天下午稍晚时候发生了枪击事件。

So the shooting occurred a little afternoon yesterday.

奥克兰县警长表示，一辆车撞进了以色列圣殿，击中了一名安保人员并将其撞倒。

The Oakland County sheriff said a vehicle crashed into Temple Israel striking a security guard and knocking him over.

随后发生了交火，导致加扎利死亡。

There was an exchange of gunfire which left Ghazali dead.

詹妮弗·鲁尼翁是联邦调查局底特律分局的负责人。

Jennifer Runyon is special agent in charge of the FBI's Detroit field office.

我可以确认，我们目前正主导这项调查，认定这是一起针对犹太社区的

And I can confirm that we are leading the investigation right now as a targeted act of

暴力行为。

violence against the Jewish community.

车辆撞入以色列圣殿后，会堂内充满了浓烟，三十一名急救人员因吸入浓烟被送往医院。

After the vehicle crashed into Temple Israel, the synagogue filled with smoke, Thirty first responders were taken to the hospital for smoke inhalation.

保安也被送往医院。

The security guard was also taken to the hospital.

是的。

Yeah.

我注意到以色列圣殿白天还运营着一个幼儿中心。

And I saw that Temple Israel runs an early childhood center during the day.

那个中心有受到影响吗？

Was was that affected at all?

没有。

No.

包括140名学生以及他们的工作人员和教师，所有人都成功撤离了大楼。

All 140 students as well as their staff and teachers made it out of the building.

就在六周前，联邦调查局底特律办公室曾在以色列圣殿进行过一次枪手袭击演练。

Just six weeks ago, the FBI's Detroit office carried out an active shooter drill at Temple Israel.

他们表示，那次演练中学到的经验在昨天派上了用场。

They say the lessons learned during that exercise came in handy yesterday.

但这次袭击让当地居民想起了六个月前在距西布卢姆菲尔德一小时车程的格兰德布兰克发生的一起针对摩门教团体的袭击。

But this attack reminds locals of one carried out on a Mormon congregation in Grand Blanc about an hour away from West Bloomfield six months ago.

那次袭击也是以一辆车冲撞宗教场所开始的。

That attack also began with a vehicle crashing into a house of worship.

现在我们连线弗吉尼亚州诺福克的史蒂夫·沃尔什，了解弗吉尼亚州立大学发生了什么。

And now we go to Steve Walsh in Norfolk, Virginia with information on what happened at Old Dominion University.

据我们所知，枪手、36岁的莫哈默德·贝拉尔·贾拉尔来自弗吉尼亚州斯特林，于上午11点前进入了一间ROTC教室。

So from what we know, the shooter, 36 year old Mohamad Belar Jalal of Sterling, Virginia came into an ROTC classroom before 11AM.

枪声响起后，后备军官训练团的学员们将他制服，最终他被击毙。

After shots were fired, members of the reserve officers training corps class wrestled him to the ground, and he was ultimately killed.

弗吉尼亚州州长阿比盖尔·斯潘伯格表示，军事科学系主任布兰登·肖中校在枪击中身亡。

Virginia governor Abigail Spanberger says that lieutenant colonel Brandon Shaw, the chairman of the military science department, died in the shooting.

另一名受害者伤势严重，第三名受害者也受了伤。

Another victim was in serious condition, and a third victim was also wounded.

关于这名疑似枪手，目前知道些什么？

What's known about the suspected gunman?

他是弗吉尼亚陆军国民警卫队的前成员。

Well, he was a former member of the Virginia Army National Guard.

他于2015年获得荣誉退役。

He was given an honorable discharge in 2015.

在接下来的几年里，他似乎逐渐被极端化了。

Over the next couple of years, he seemed to have been radicalized.

他曾前往尼日利亚，并与伊斯兰国组织的成员会面。

He traveled to Nigeria and met with members of ISIS, the Islamic State group.

他们把他介绍给了一位在美国的人，结果那人是一名政府线人。

They introduced him to someone in The United States who turned out to be a government informant.

除此之外，贾拉尔还告诉线人，他曾考虑过效仿2009年发生在德克萨斯州胡德堡的枪击事件，那次事件导致13人死亡。

Among other things, Jalal told the informant that he contemplated doing something like the 2009 shooting at Fort Hood, Texas, where 13 people died.

他曾一度在联邦特工的监视下购买了一把突击步枪。

At one point, he bought an assault rifle while being watched by federal agents.

那时，他实际上并没有和伊斯兰国直接联系。

Back then, he was never actually talking to ISIS.

他被逮捕，并承认试图向伊拉克伊斯兰国提供物质支持。

He was arrested and pleaded guilty to attempting to provide a material support to the Islamic State of Iraq.

2017年，他被判处十一年监禁和五年监督释放。

In 2017, he was sentenced to eleven years in prison and five years supervised release.

他于2024年获释。

He was released in 2024.

联邦调查局尚未公布此案的动机。

The FBI hasn't released a motive in the case.

在新闻发布会上，被问及为何将此案定性为恐怖主义时，负责的特工指出，他此前有犯罪记录，且目击者称他高喊了‘真主至大’，这是阿拉伯语中‘安拉最伟大’的意思。

Asked why the FBI was investigating this as terrorism at a press conference, the special agent in charge pointed to his previous conviction and that witnesses say he yelled alahu akbar, the Arabic phrase for god is greatest.

好的。

Alright.

史蒂夫·沃尔什来自WHRO，亚历克斯·麦克莱农来自WDET。

Steve Walsh with WHRO, Alex McLennan with WDET.

谢谢你们两位。

Thanks to you both.

谢谢。

Thanks.

随时效劳。

Anytime.

美国参议院周四通过了数十年来最大的住房法案，且得到了共和党和民主党共同支持。

United States Senate passed the largest housing bill in decades on Thursday, and they did it with both Republicans and Democrats.

目标是让美国住房更实惠，包括禁止大型企业大量收购独栋住宅。

The goal is to make American homes more affordable, including by banning large corporations from buying up single family houses.

接下来由NPR的个人理财记者贝莎为大家解读法案内容。

Here to explain what's in the bill is NPR's personal finance reporter, Besaha.

这项法案包含了四十多项条款。

So there are more than 40 provisions in this legislation.

史蒂文，谈谈这项法案的核心内容。

Steven, break down the main idea.

好吧，这项法案的主要目标是

Well, the big goal of

通过鼓励更多住房建设来降低住房成本。

the bill is to drive down housing costs by encouraging more home building.

我们国家目前缺少数百万套住房来满足需求，这推高了房价。

We are millions of homes short of meeting the demand in this country, and that drives prices.

问题是，联邦政府并没有一个可以直接操控的大型工具来强制增加建设。

The problem is the federal government doesn't have, like, one big lever it could pull to mandate more construction.

这实际上是私人建筑商与地方政府合作的领域。

This is really the wheelhouse of private builders working with local and state governments.

因此，这项法案是一系列不同项目和激励措施的集合。

Instead, this bill is an amalgamation of a bunch of different programs and incentives.

以下是该法案的共同发起人、民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦对此的表述。

Here's how the bill's cosponsored Democratic senator Elizabeth Warren put it.

可以把这项法案想象成一个巨大的肉丸。

Think of this bill like a giant meatball.

它包含了很多不同的成分，但正是这些成分全都聚在一起，才让它如此美味。

It's got a lot of different ingredients in it, but it's the fact that it's all there together is what makes it so delicious.

好的。

Alright.

那么，是什么成分让它这么好吃呢？

So what's an ingredient that makes it so delish?

其中一个可能很受投资者欢迎的措施是阻止他们收购独栋住宅。

Well, one that will probably be really popular investors from buying up single family homes.

这些是拥有350套或以上房屋并将其出租的团体。

These are groups that own 350 or more houses and rent them out.

其目的是阻止他们与想要购买这些房屋的家庭竞争。

The idea is to stop them from competing with families who want to buy these houses.

现在，有些人指责这些投资者推高了房价，因为他们能出更高的价格抢购家庭住房。

Now, some people blame those investors for driving up prices because they can outbid families.

这种说法有研究支持吗？

Is that backed up by any research?

关于这一点，研究结果并不一致。

The research on this is mixed.

大型投资者实际上在全国拥有的房屋数量并不多。

Large investors don't actually own that many homes across the country.

在某些情况下，投资者实际上可以帮助降低成本。

In some cases, investors can actually help lower costs.

他们不仅购买房屋，还在建造新的出租房，并翻新那些 otherwise 会退出市场的旧房。

They're not just buying up homes, they're building new ones to rent and rehabbing old ones that otherwise would just fall out of the market.

现在，这项法案包含了一些例外条款，允许公司建造和翻新房屋。

Now the bill has some exceptions to allow companies to do just that, build and rehab homes.

但他们必须在七年后出售这些房屋。

But they would have to sell these homes after seven years.

而且，这项住房法案中还有更多内容，比如让银行更容易投资于经济适用房、简化建筑审批流程，以及提供补助以鼓励投票。

And again, there's a lot more in this housing bill meatball, like like making it easier for banks to invest more in affordable housing, streamlining the process of getting construction approved, and grants to encourage voting.

这项法案以广泛的两党支持在参议院通过。

Now this bill passed the Senate with wide bipartisan support.

投票结果是九票对十票。

A nine ten was the vote.

所以它必须提交给众议院，最终交给总统。

So it has to go to the house and eventually the president.

有什么可能阻止这个参议员沃伦所说的巨大美味肉球吗？

Anything at all that could possibly stop this giant delicious meatball as senator Warren describes it?

是的。

Yeah.

从山坡上滚下来。

From rolling down the hill.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

嗯，确实有一些反对声音。

Well, you know, there is some pushback on it.

并不是每个人都喜欢它的广泛性。

Not everybody likes how expansive it is.

比如，我与卡托研究所的一位自由派经济学家谈过。

Like, I spoke with an economist at a libertarian think tank, the Cato Institute.

他认为，立法者只是在重复过去常用的相同手段和解决方案，比如那些补助金。

And he argues that lawmakers are just turning to the same ingredients and solutions they have in the past like those grants.

而且，你知道，我们仍然面临住房危机。

And, you know, we still have a housing crisis.

上个月，众议院通过了一项类似的法案，但没有包含对大型投资者的禁令。

Now the house passed a similar bill last month, but did not have that ban on large investors.

这可能成为一个问题。

That could be an issue.

行业团体警告说，强制投资者出售会打击他们最初建房的积极性。

Industry groups warned that forcing investors to sell would discourage them from building in the first place.

但最大的变数可能是特朗普总统。

But the biggest x factor could be president Trump.

他支持在住房问题上采取行动，但尚未表明他对这项具体立法的立场。

He supported getting something done on housing, but hasn't said where he lands on this specific legislation.

好的。

Alright.

这是NPR的个人理财记者史蒂文·贝萨哈。

That's NPR's personal finance reporter, Steven Besaha.

我得去吃点意大利面了，史蒂文，因为听了这么多肉丸的话题。

I gotta get me some spaghetti now, Steven, because of all the meatball talk.

给自己盛一盘吧。

Make yourself a plate.

谢谢，史蒂文。

Thanks, Steven.

祝你有美好的一天。

Have a good one.

好的。

Alright.

在节目结束之前，我想表扬一位听众的评论，他承认自己很长一段时间以为《Up First》的主持人是加拿大人，因为他们总是在句尾说‘a’，直到他后来才意识到，大家其实只是在叫我的名字——A Martinez。

Before we end the show, I wanna shout out to a review from a listener who admitted that for a long time, they thought the up first hosts were Canadian because they kept saying a at the end of sentences until they actually realized everyone was just saying my name, a Martinez.

确实如此。

That's true.

我以前在多伦多走动的时候可闹了不少笑话。

Had so much trouble when I walked through Toronto.

什么？

What?

那是以前的事了。

Back in the day.

我老是转头看，以为每个人都在喊我的名字。

I kept spinning my head thinking everyone was calling out my name.

无论你是从《Up First》开播就一直听的老听众，还是刚加入的新朋友，都请给我们留个评论吧。

Now whether you've been with Up First since the very beginning or are new around here, please leave us a review.

你们的反馈帮助我们不断成长。

Your feedback helps us grow.

所以告诉我们你的想法，哦，等等。

So let us know what you think, Oh, wait.

那是我的名字。

That's my name.

无论如何，我们都很感激。

Either way, we appreciate it.

这是3月13日星期五的首次情况。

And that's a first for Friday, March 13.

我是A Martinez。

I'm A Martinez.

我是史蒂夫·因斯科普。

And I'm Steve Inskeep.

今天的《Up First》由汉娜·布洛克、切丽尔·科利、朱莉娅·雷德帕斯、卡拉·普拉托尼、穆罕默德·埃尔巴迪西和妮亚·沃尔夫勒编辑。

Today's up first was edited by Hannah Block, Cheryl Corley, Julia Redpath, Kara Platoni, Mohamad ElBardicy, and Alice Woelfle.

制作人是齐亚德·布赫和妮亚·杜马斯。

It was produced by Ziad Buchh and Nia Dumas.

我们的导演是克里斯托弗·托马斯。

Our director is Christopher Thomas.

我们得到尼莎·海纳斯的工程支持，我们的技术总监是卡莉·斯特兰奇。

We get engineering support from Nisha Heinous, and our technical director is Carly Strange.

我们的执行制片人是杰·谢勒。

Our executive producer is Jay Shaylor.

明天请继续关注我们。

Join us tomorrow.

想在没有广告中断的情况下收听这个播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可以通过亚马逊音乐免费收听《Up First》，或者您也可以支持NPR的重要新闻报道，并在plus.npr.org获取《Up First Plus》。

Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

网址是plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.