中东陷入战争，国会听取战争简报，得克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州初选

美国国务院警告中东地区的美国公民立即撤离。

The state department warns Americans across the Middle East to depart now.

随着战争规模扩大，以色列正向黎巴嫩派遣部队。

Israel is sending troops into Lebanon as the scope of the war grows.

以色列和美国表示，他们已做好应对数周战斗的准备。

Israel and The US say they are prepared for weeks of fighting.

我是E。

I'm E.

马丁内斯。

Martinez.

这是莱拉·法德尔，接下来是来自NPR新闻的头条。

That's Leila Faddle, and this is up first from NPR News.

国务卿马可·卢比奥对记者说，美国之所以攻击伊朗，是因为以色列即将攻击伊朗，而伊朗会进行报复。

Secretary of state Marco Rubio told reporters The US attacked Iran because Israel was going to attack Iran, and Iran would retaliate.

我们主动采取防御性行动，以防止他们造成更大的破坏。

We went proactively in a defensive way to prevent them from inflicting higher damage.

他在国会就一项限制总统战争权力的法案进行投票前，向议员们作了简报。

He gave a briefing to congress before they prepared a vote on a measure to curb the president's war powers.

今天是德克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州的初选日。

And it's primary day in Texas and North Carolina.

两场备受关注的参议员选举，可能揭示两党在十一月中期选举中的走向。

Two closely watched senate races could tell us where both parties are headed in November's midterms.

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们将为您提供开启一天所需的新闻。

We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

中东的战争仍在持续扩大。

The war in The Middle East continues to expand.

今天早上，以色列战机袭击了伊朗和黎巴嫩，而美国正呼吁其公民撤离该地区十多个国家，因为伊朗正在报复。

Israeli warplanes this morning are striking Iran and Lebanon, and The US is calling on its citizens to evacuate more than a dozen countries across the region as Iran retaliates.

自本周末战争爆发以来，NPR的丹尼尔·埃斯特林一直驻守特拉维夫进行报道。

NPR's Daniel Estrin has been in Tel Aviv covering the war since it began this weekend.

丹尼尔，你到那儿几天了？

Daniel, are you a few days in?

现在整体情况进展到哪个阶段了？

What stage is, everything in right now?

昨天，以色列主要针对伊朗的政权象征目标进行了打击。

Well, yesterday, Israel focused on, targeting regime symbols in Iran.

所以它轰炸了伊朗情报部总部、国家广播公司、总统办公室以及国家安全委员会大楼。

So it bombed the Iranian intelligence ministry headquarters, the state broadcaster, the presidential office, the building of the National Security Council.

今天，以色列军方表示，其重点转向了伊朗的导弹和导弹发射器。

Today, Israel's military says its focus is on Iran's missiles and missile launchers.

以色列方面称，已经摧毁了数百枚弹道导弹和数十个导弹发射器。

And already, Israel says it has destroyed hundreds of ballistic missiles and dozens of missile launchers in Iran.

你确实看到针对以色列的导弹袭击数量大幅下降，这可能是因为基础设施遭到严重破坏。

And you really see a huge drop in the number of missile attacks on Israel, which could be because of all that degraded infrastructure.

也可能是因为伊朗正在节约弹药，为一场长期战争做准备。

It also could be because Iran may be rationing its, munitions, gearing up for a long war.

现在，特朗普总统昨天谈到，这场冲突可能会持续四五周，甚至更久一些。

Now president Trump spoke yesterday about maybe this lasting, what, four or five weeks or maybe even a little bit longer.

那边的情况看起来如何？

What's it looking like there?

我的意思是，人们普遍认为这场冲突会持续多久？

I mean, how what what are people thinking about how long this might last?

今天，以色列军方表示，他们正在为数周的战争做准备。

Well, the Israeli military today said it's preparing for weeks of war.

我与一位地区官员交谈过，他以匿名方式告诉我，以色列认为自己可以在两周内实现其战争目标。

I spoke with an official in the region who spoke on condition of anonymity who told me Israel thinks it can achieve its war goals in two weeks total.

但战争目标这个问题至关重要。

But the question of war goals is a key one.

我们听到了许多关于目标的矛盾信息。

We are hearing a lot of mixed messages about the goals.

以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡昨天在福克斯新闻上表示，政权更迭才是目标。

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu was on Fox News yesterday saying regime change is the goal.

我们将首先创造条件，让伊朗人民掌握自己的命运，建立他们自己民主选举的政府，从而使伊朗成为一个完全不同的国家。

We're gonna create the conditions first for the Iranian people to get control of their destiny, to form their own democratically elected government, which will make Iran a different Iran altogether.

然而，美国官员正在淡化这是场政权更迭战争的说法。

US officials, however, are walking back the idea that this is a regime change war.

他们只表示，这种结果会很好。

They're saying only that that outcome would be nice.

在伊朗实地，我们并没有看到在轰炸下的伊朗民众涌上街头，抗议并试图推翻他们的政府。

On the ground in Iran, we are not seeing Iranians under bombardment pouring into the streets, protesting against their government trying to take it over.

今天，以色列表示，它不计划向伊朗派遣地面部队。

And Israel today said it's not planning to send ground troops to Iran.

因此，人们不禁要问：政权更迭，或为伊朗人民推翻政府创造条件，是否真的可能实现。

So there is a question of, whether regime change or allowing the conditions for Iranians to overthrow their government, whether that's possible.

几天前，特朗普总统不是刚告诉伊朗民众待在掩体里，暂时不要外出吗？

And didn't president Trump just a few days ago tell people in Iran to stay sheltered, to not go out quite yet?

我记得他确实说过这样的话。

I I do remember him saying that.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

That's right.

是的。

Yeah.

炸弹会落下，然后他呼吁伊朗人接管他们的政府。

Bombs will fall, and then afterwards, he called on Iranians to take over their government.

而现在，我们听到了来自美国的完全不同的说法。

And now we're hearing a very different message from The US.

对。

Yeah.

然后，当然，这场战争也在整个地区蔓延。

And then, of course, the war is also expanding all over the region.

是的。

Yeah.

真主党与黎巴嫩向以色列开火，以色列正在反击。

Hezbollah and Lebanon opened fire at Israel, and Israel is striking back.

以色列还表示，正派遣地面部队越过边境进入黎巴嫩，沿边境巡逻，以防止真主党渗透。

Israel also says it's sending ground troops across the border into Lebanon just along the border to patrol that border to prevent Hezbollah infiltration.

我应该说，目前以色列与真主党之间的冲突还属于低烈度战争。

I should say this is very low grade warfare so far between Israel and Hezbollah.

我们还没有看到以色列摧毁黎巴嫩的重大基础设施。

We're not seeing Israel taking out major Lebanese infrastructure.

你知道，美国支持黎巴嫩政府。

You know, The US supports the Lebanese government.

真主党的火力尚未达到最猛烈的程度。

Hezbollah fire is not at its most intensive.

然而，海湾地区正在发生的事情规模巨大。

What is happening in The Gulf, however, is huge.

伊朗正在猛烈打击美国在海湾地区的阵地。

Iran is pounding US positions in The Gulf.

几名美国军人丧生。

Several US service members have been killed.

美国驻沙特大使馆遭到伊朗无人机袭击，造成轻微损坏。

The US embassy in Saudi Arabia was hit by Iranian drones and causing minor damage there.

卡塔尔表示击落了伊朗战机。

Qatar says it shot down Iranian warplanes.

这是已知的伊朗首次向卡塔尔派遣战机。

This is the first known instance of Iran sending warplanes toward Qatar.

这也是我们所知的海湾阿拉伯国家首次攻击伊朗飞机。

And the first instance we know of of a Gulf Arab country actually attacking Iranian aircraft.

卡塔尔攻击伊朗战机，这标志着海湾阿拉伯国家的角色有所扩大。

That is an expanded role for a Gulf Arab country, what Qatar did attacking Iranian warplanes.

因此，我们现在将关注那些遭到伊朗袭击的阿拉伯国家是否会主动参战。

And so now we're gonna be watching for whether Arab countries being attacked by Iran now will actively join the war.

这是NPR的丹尼尔·埃斯特林从特拉维夫发来的报道。

That's NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.

丹尼尔，谢谢。

Daniel, thanks.

不客气。

You're welcome.

特朗普政府官员于周一向国会的高级议员简报了美国和以色列对伊朗的战争。

Trump administration officials briefed top lawmakers in congress on Monday about The US and Israeli war against Iran.

反应在党派之间存在分歧。

Reactions are split along partisan lines.

以下是众议院议长迈克·约翰逊。

Here's a house speaker Mike Johnson.

他们向我们提供了行动细节。

They gave us operational details.

他们解释了所做行动的理由，我对简报非常满意。

They gave us the rationale for what was done, and I I was very satisfied with the briefing.

以下是参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默。

And here's senate minority leader Chuck Schumer.

这次简报提出的问题比解答的还要多。

That briefing raised many more questions than it answered.

如今，两院预计将就限制总统在未经国会批准的情况下进一步干预的措施进行投票。

Now this comes as both chambers are expected to vote on measures to limit the president's ability to intervene further without congressional approval.

以下是 NPR 国会记者芭芭拉·斯普伦特来为我们分析这一情况。

Here to talk through this is NPR congressional correspondent Barbara Sprunt.

嗨，芭芭拉。

Hey, Barbara.

嗨，莱拉。

Hey, Leila.

好的。

Okay.

那我们先从简报说起吧。

So let's start with the briefing.

我们从中了解到了什么？

What did we learn?

国务卿马可·卢比奥对记者说，这次袭击的原因是他所称的对美国的迫在眉睫的威胁。

Well, secretary of state Marco Rubio told reporters the reason for the attacks was what he called an imminent threat to The United States.

我们知道以色列将会采取行动。

We knew that there was going to be an Israeli action.

我们知道这会引发对美国部队的攻击，我们也知道，如果我们不先发制人地打击他们，在他们发动攻击之前，我们就会遭受更大的伤亡。

We knew that that would precipitate an attack against American forces, and we knew that if we didn't preemptively go after them before they launch those attacks, we would suffer higher casualties.

刚才我们听到了舒默参议员的说法，他认为这次简报带来的问题比答案还多。

Now we just heard from senator Schumer that the briefing raised more questions than answers for him.

民主党人还有什么其他说法？

What else are Democrats saying?

让我特别注意到的是，简报后参议员马克·沃纳——参议院情报委员会的最高民主党人——发表的言论。

Well, one thing that really stood out to me was hearing from senator Mark Warner, the top Democrat on senate intelligence after the briefing.

他出来表示，他认为政府一直在改变这次行动发生的原因。

He came out and he said that he thinks the administration has kept shifting the reason as to why this happened now.

一周前，理由还是关于伊朗的核能力。

A week ago, it was about the Iranian nuclear capacity.

几天后，理由变成了摧毁弹道导弹。

A few days later, it was about taking out the ballistic missiles.

接着又说是推翻政权，而现在我们听说是为了击沉伊朗舰队。

It was then about regime change, and now we hear it's about sinking the Iranian fleet.

沃纳和其他民主党人明确承认伊朗政权存在侵犯人权和核野心的问题，但他们表示，政府并未充分说明此次军事行动的理由，也没有解释其后续计划。

Warner and other Democrats have made a point of acknowledging the human rights abuses and nuclear ambitions of the Iranian regime, but say the administration hasn't given sufficient justification for this military action or explained what their plan is going forward.

宪法赋予国会宣战的权力。

Now the constitution, that gives congress the power to declare war.

但在实践中，总统们在军事行动上越来越很少咨询国会。

But in practice, presidents increasingly have very minimally consulted congress on military operations.

这一动态本周是如何体现的？

How is that dynamic playing out this week?

是的。

Yeah.

我的意思是，这反映了立法部门权力向行政部门逐步转移的大趋势。

I mean, this is a bigger theme of the seeding of ground from the legislative branch to the executive branch.

尽管特朗普总统正在加剧这一趋势，但这绝非新鲜事。

And although president Trump is ramping that up, it's certainly not new.

本周，众议院和参议院将就一项法案进行投票，要求对更多针对伊朗的军事行动获得国会批准。

And this week, the House and Senate are to vote on measures to require congressional approval for more military operations in Iran.

这可能会让人感觉有些似曾相识，因为今年一月，曾有一项独立的战争权力决议试图撤回对委内瑞拉的干预。

And it may feel a little like deja vu because back in January, there was a separate war powers resolution to pull back intervention in Venezuela.

那项决议失败了。

That failed.

本周的这项决议也面临类似的挑战。

The resolution this week faces similar challenges.

尽管美国民众普遍强烈反对这场战争，但我们预计投票将主要沿着党派界限划分。

We expect the votes will largely fall along partisan lines despite broad disapproval from Americans more generally about this war.

但在国会中也有一些例外情况：少数共和党人表示他们将投票限制总统的行动，而一些民主党人则认为，这项决议实际上可能限制了应对实时威胁所需的灵活性。

But there are some outliers here on the hill, a small number of Republicans who say they'll vote to curb the president's actions and some Democrats who say that the resolution could actually restrict the flexibility that's needed to respond to threats in real time.

这一切都发生在国土安全部仍处于停摆状态之际。

And this is all happening as the Department of Homeland Security is still shut down.

那里最新的情况是什么？

What's the latest there?

嗯，谈判进展缓慢。

Well, negotiations are slow.

自二月中旬停摆以来，似乎没有取得多少进展。

Not much progress seems to have been made since there was this shutdown in mid February.

我们今天和明天将听到国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺埃姆的发言。

We'll hear from DHS secretary Christy Noem today and tomorrow on the hill.

一些共和党人实际上将此事与伊朗问题联系起来。

Some Republicans are actually tying this to Iran.

他们表示，由于反恐属于国土安全部的广泛职责，国会应尽快为该部门拨款。

They say that, you know, because counterterrorism falls under the broad mandate of DHS, congress should fund the department as soon as possible.

但我还没有看到民主党方面有任何迹象表明这会很快实现。

But I haven't seen any movement from Democrats indicating that that is forthcoming.

他们仍在推动对移民执法进行改革。

They are still pushing for changes to immigration enforcement.

这是NPR的芭芭拉·斯普鲁nt。

That's NPR's Barbara Sprunt.

谢谢你，芭芭拉。

Thank you, Barbara.

谢谢。

Thank you.

得克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州的选民正在对今年中期选举的首批投票进行表态。

Voters in Texas and North Carolina are weighing in on some of the first contests of this year's midterm elections.

是的。

Yep.

今天是这两个州投票的最后一天。

Today is the last day of voting in those states.

两地都有昂贵且备受关注的参议员初选，这些选举能让我们更清楚地了解各政党的走向。

Both have expensive and closely watched senate primary races that can tell us a lot more about the direction of each party.

现在我们邀请NPR的政治记者阿什莉·洛佩兹来和我们聊聊这一切。

Here to talk to us about all this is NPR's political correspondent, Ashley Lopez.

早上好，阿什利。

Good morning, Ashley.

早上好。

Good morning.

为什么这两个参议员席位受到如此多的关注？

Why is there so much attention on these two senate seats?

我的意思是，一个重要的原因是，目前几乎没有多少具有竞争力的众议院选区。

I mean, a big reason why is that there aren't really that many competitive house races.

大多数年份都是这样，但因为这两个州去年重新划分了选区，今年具有竞争力的席位更少了。

That's true most years, but because both these states redistricted last year, there are even fewer competitive seats this time around.

因此，参议员选举才是真正的焦点，最终也能让我们一窥选民在本场中期选举初期对各党派的期待。

So the senate races are really where the fight is and ultimately where you can maybe draw some insights into what voters in each party may be looking for at the start of this midterm season.

好的。

Okay.

我们先从德克萨斯州说起，两党都将这场参议员竞选视为一种试金石。

Let's start with Texas where both parties see the senate contest as a kind of litmus test.

关于民主党的竞选，我们应该了解些什么？

What should we know about the democratic race?

当然。

Sure.

这场竞选的领先者是国会议员贾斯敏·克罗克特和来自奥斯汀地区的州议员詹姆斯·塔拉里科。

So the front runners in that race are congresswoman Jasmine Crockett and James Talarico, who is a state lawmaker from the Austin area.

在此次竞选前，克罗克特在国会任职期间可能是两人中知名度更高的候选人。

Going into this, Crockett was perhaps the most well known candidate of the two in her time in congress.

她以在众议院与共和党人激烈辩论而闻名。

She's been known for, like, verbally sparring with Republicans in the house.

来自民主党基层选民的普遍批评是，自特朗普再次上台以来，党领袖在应对他时表现软弱，而克罗克特则将自己定位为一名斗士。

A common complaint about the Democratic Party from its base voters is that party leaders have been weak in their response to Trump since he took office again, and Crockett has positioned herself as a fighter.

好的。

Okay.

克罗克特将自己定位为一名斗士。

Crockett has positioned herself as a fighter.

那塔拉里科呢？

And Talarico?

是的。

Yeah.

嗯，塔拉里科也说自己是个斗士，但他的风格明显不同。

Well, Talarico said he sees himself as a fighter too, but his style is definitely different.

他刚当选德克萨斯州众议员时，赢得的是一个共和党席位。

When he was first elected to the Texas house, Republican seat.

他竞选的一个重要策略是尽量不疏远独立选民，甚至在某些情况下不疏远保守派选民。

And a big part of how he campaigns is trying not to alienate independent and even conservative voters in some cases.

他是一名神学院学生，因此经常提及自己的基督教信仰，这可能会吸引一些民主党通常无法触及的选民。

He's a seminarian, so he invokes his Christian faith a lot, which could appeal to some voters Democrats don't typically speak to.

所以我认为，就个人风格和两位候选人说话的方式而言，他们确实很不同，但我认为他们实际表达的内容并没有太大差异，因为在大多数议题和政策上，克罗克特和塔拉里科的看法基本一致。

So I think just in terms of personalities and the way these two candidates talk are pretty different, but I don't think what they are actually saying is all that different because when it comes to most issues and policies, Crockett and Talarico largely agree.

好的。

Okay.

我们来看看这一方的共和党人。

Let's turn to the Republican side of this.

现任参议员约翰·科宁正在寻求连任。

Incumbent senator John Cornyn is running for reelection.

他的对手们提出了什么样的论点？

What kind of argument are his opponents making?

是的。

Yeah.

这场初选的核心问题是，哪位共和党人最支持特朗普。

So this primary is centered around the question of which Republican is the most Trump aligned.

科宁于2002年当选，他的对手称他就像来自另一个时代的保守派。

Cornyn was elected in 2002, which his opponents say make him like a conservative from a different time.

尽管科宁经常指出，他一直与特朗普保持一致投票。

Although Cornyn often points out that he votes with Trump consistently.

德克萨斯州近十年来的总检察长肯·帕克顿是他最强大的对手，多年来一直深陷法律麻烦。

Ken Paxton, Texas's attorney general for the past decade, is his most formidable opponent, and he has been mired in legal troubles for years.

但他表示，和特朗普一样，大部分这些行为都是政治性的。

But he has said that, like Trump, most of that has been political.

另一位参选的共和党人是国会议员韦斯利·亨特，他在民调中位列第三，但已获得足够支持，可以说这场选举很可能进入决选。

The other Republican running is congressman Wesley Hunt who has been polling third in the race, but garnering enough support that, I mean, it is likely this race could head to a runoff.

好的。

Okay.

我们快速聊聊北卡罗来纳州的情况。

Let's quickly talk about North Carolina.

在那里我们应该关注什么？

What should we watch out for there?

这是一个参议院空缺席位，由汤姆·蒂利斯卸任后留下。

So this is an open seat in the senate being vacated by Tom Tillis.

蒂利斯是少数几位公开批评特朗普的当选共和党国会议员之一。

Tillis has been one of the few elected Republicans in congress who has openly criticized Trump.

作为回应，特朗普曾威胁要支持其他人挑战蒂利斯，但这位参议员最终选择退休，而在我看来，这在特朗普时代已变得司空见惯。

In response, Trump had threatened to get someone to primary Tillis, but the senator chose to retire instead, which, I mean, at this point has become a common story in the Trump era.

这为民主党提供了一个不错的机会，有望将一个共和党席位翻转。

So this has presented Democrats with a decent shot of flipping a Republican seat.

领跑者是前州长罗伊·库珀。

The front runner is former governor Roy Cooper.

他拥有很高的知名度，并已多次证明自己能在全州范围内获胜。

He's got a lot of name recognition and has proved he can win statewide multiple times.

共和党的领跑者是前共和党全国委员会主席迈克尔·沃特利。

The front runner for republicans is former RNC chairman Michael Watley.

上一次民主党赢得该州的参议员席位是在2008年，已经很久了。

The last time a democrat won a senate seat in the state was in 2008, so it's been a while.

但如果民主党想重新夺回参议院的控制权，这将是他们最好的机会之一，也是必须赢得的席位。

But if Democrats want to win back power in the senate, this is one of their better shots as well as a must win for them.

这是NPR的政治记者阿什莉·洛佩兹。

That's NPR's political correspondent, Ashley Lopez.

谢谢你，阿什莉。

Thank you, Ashley.

是的

Yeah.

谢谢。

Thank you.

在你离开之前，如果你想获取更多我们的新闻报道与深度分析，请下载NPR应用，收听我们的晨间节目《晨间版》。

Before you go, if you want more of our coverage and analysis behind the news, download the NPR app where you can listen to our radio show, morning edition.

如果你希望获得更多NPR内容，请今天就加入公共广播支持者社区，注册NPR Plus服务。

And if you want more NPR content, please consider joining the community of public radio supporters today by signing up for NPR Plus.

你的捐款将用于支持在你所在社区及全球各地的记者。

Your money goes to supporting reporters on the ground in your community and around the world.

以上是3月3日星期二的《Up First》节目。

And that's Up First for Tuesday, March 3.

我是莱拉·法尔丁。

I'm Leila Faldin.

我是阿梅·马丁内斯。

And I'm Ame Martinez.

今天《Up First》这期节目由米格尔·马西亚斯、凯尔西·内尔、帕德玛·拉玛、穆罕默德·埃尔·巴尔迪西和爱丽丝·沃尔夫编辑。

Today's episode of Up First was edited by Miguel Macias, Kelsey Snell, Padma Rama, Mohammed El Bardisi, and Alice Wolf.

本节目由齐亚德·布奇、安娜·佩雷斯和妮亚·杜马斯制作。

It was produced by Ziyad Butch, Ana Perez, and Nia Dumas.

我们的导演是克里斯托弗·托马斯。

Our director is Christopher Thomas.

我们的工程支持来自尼莎·海恩斯。

We get engineering support from Nisha Haines.

我们的技术总监是卡莉·斯特兰奇，主管高级制片人是文斯·皮尔森。

Our technical director is Carly Strange, our supervising senior producer is Vince Pearson.

明天请继续收听。

Join us again tomorrow.

想在没有广告中断的情况下收听这个播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可以通过亚马逊音乐免费收听无广告版的《Up First》，或者您也可以通过访问plus.npr.org支持NPR的重要新闻报道，并获取《Up First Plus》服务。

Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

那就是 plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.