明尼苏达州ICE枪击事件，委内瑞拉油轮追逐战，小罗伯特·肯尼迪新膳食指南

特朗普政府表示，导致明尼阿波利斯一名女性死亡的移民与海关执法局特工是在自卫情况下开枪的。

The Trump administration says the ICE agent who killed a Minneapolis woman did it in self defense.

但该市市长表示，目击者证词和视频 footage 显示事实并非如此。

But the city's mayor says eyewitness accounts and video footage show that's not true.

这是一名特工滥用权力的行为。

This was an agent recklessly using power.

我是莱拉·法尔丁，与米歇尔·马丁一起，这是来自NPR新闻的首要报道。

I'm Leila Faldin with Michelle Martin, and this is up first from NPR News.

美国军队登上了艘在大西洋上躲避美国船只两周的油轮。

US forces boarded an oil tanker that spent two weeks fleeing American ships across the Atlantic.

这艘船甚至在追捕过程中重新涂装了船名并升起了俄罗斯国旗。

The ship even repainted its name and raised a Russian flag mid pursuit.

关于委内瑞拉石油产业的冲突会升级到什么地步？

How far will the conflict over Venezuela's oil industry go?

RFK Jr. 的新饮食指南彻底颠覆了长期的营养建议，将红肉和乳制品置于新食物金字塔的顶端，这些推荐得到了科学支持。

And RFK junior's new dietary guidelines overhaul long standing nutrition advice and put red meat and dairy at the top of a new food pyramid are the recommendations backed by science.

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

为您带来开启一天所需的新闻。

We give you news you need to start your day.

在NPR的《Wildcard》播客中，重量级主持人乔纳森·戈德斯坦讲述了他作为作家的早期岁月。

On NPR's wildcard podcast, heavyweight host Jonathan Goldstein talks about his early years as a writer.

我当时在写作，但没人买我的账。

I was writing, and no one was buying what I was selling.

我就是无法取得任何进展。

I just couldn't get anywhere.

但我还是坚持写下去，因为我感到必须这么做，就像蜘蛛织网一样。

And I just kept doing it because I felt compelled to do it like a spider spinning a web.

请在NPR应用或您收听播客的任何平台收听这段《Wildcard》对话。

Listen to that wildcard conversation on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

一名移民和海关执法局（ICE）的官员于周三开枪射杀了一名明尼阿波利斯女性。

An officer with immigration and customs enforcement, ICE, shot and killed a Minneapolis woman on Wednesday.

这次枪击事件被多名目击者拍摄下来，立即引发了抗议，社区成员指责该特工犯有谋杀罪。

The shooting, which was captured on video by multiple observers, immediately sparked protests as community members accused the agent of murder.

逮捕开枪者。

Arrest no shooter.

明尼苏达州执法官员表示，他们正在与联邦调查局合作调查这起致命枪击事件，而特朗普政府称这是一起自卫行为。

Minnesota state law enforcement officials say they are working with the FBI to investigate the fatal shooting, which the Trump administration says was an act of self defense.

与此同时，市长要求ICE离开明尼阿波利斯，并指责该警官滥用权力、行为鲁莽。

This as the mayor demanded that ICE get out of Minneapolis and accuse the officer of recklessly using their power.

NPR犯罪司法记者梅格·安德森来到了事发地点，她现在

NPR criminal justice correspondent Meg Anderson was at the intersection where it happened, and she's

正在与我们连线，带来最新进展。

with us now to give us the latest.

早上好，梅格。

Good morning, Meg.

早上好。

Good morning.

就像很多人一样，我整个下午都在观看直播报道，感觉细节是一点一点浮现出来的。

So like a lot of people, I was watching the coverage all afternoon, and it just seemed like details were coming out bit by bit.

那么现在你能告诉我们什么？

So what can you tell us now?

是的。

Yeah.

城市官员已确认遇害女子为37岁的雷妮·尼科尔·古德。

So city officials have identified the woman killed as 37 year old Renee Nicole Good.

我们目前对她的了解仍然不多，但我采访的一名目击者称，她当时在现场担任法律观察员。

We don't yet know much more about her, though a witness I spoke to said she was there at the scene as a legal observer.

关于事件经过，社区成员一直密切关注双子城地区ICE活动的激增，昨天早上，观察员们被召集到明尼阿波利斯南部的这个十字路口。

Regarding what happened, community members have been very active here tracking a surge in ice activity around the Twin Cities, and observers were called to this intersection in South Minneapolis yesterday morning.

凯特琳·卡利辛森在现场并拍摄了枪击过程。

Caitlin Callinson was there and videotaped the shooting.

她说，古德当时在车里，却收到了来自多名警员相互矛盾的指令。

She says Good was in her car and received multiple conflicting instructions from officers.

她被要求下车，同时也被要求离开道路。

She was told to get out of her car, and she was also told to get out of the road.

她被命令开车离开。

She was told to drive away.

开枪射杀她的ICE官员当时就在她的车前。

The ICE officer who ended up shooting her was in front of her vehicle.

当她试图逃离，因为有人在拉她的车门时，站在她车前的ICE特工先从挡风玻璃开了一枪，然后又从侧面开了两枪。

And when she tried to get away because someone was pulling at her door, the ICE agent who was in front of her shot through the windshield once and then twice through the side.

她说，当ICE官员把古德从车里拖出来时，她已经没有反应了。

She says when ICE officers pulled good from the car, she was already unresponsive.

正如关注此事的人们所看到和听到的，我们听到了联邦和地方官员之间相互矛盾的说法。

And as I think people who've been following this have seen and heard, we've heard conflicting interpretations from federal and local officials.

那么他们都在说什么？

So what have they been saying?

是的。

Yeah.

因此，在昨天晚上的新闻发布会上，国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆为开枪打死这名女性的警官进行了辩护。

So in a press conference yesterday evening, homeland security secretary Christy Noem defended the officer who killed the woman.

她声称，根据NPR审查的视频，这名警官被她的车辆撞到，并在自卫情况下开枪。

She claimed he was hit by her vehicle and shot in self defense in the video NPR reviewed.

然而，视频中并未显示警官被撞，他开枪后还能看到在行走。

However, the officer does not appear to be hit and can be seen walking after he fired the shots.

明尼阿波利斯市长雅各布·弗莱昨天在新闻发布会上表示，枪击事件的视频并不支持诺姆的说法。

Minneapolis mayor Jacob Fry said in a press conference yesterday that the video of the shooting does not corroborate Noem's account.

当我看到自己的视频后，我想直接告诉所有人。

Having seen the video of myself, I wanna tell everybody directly.

这是一名特工滥用权力，导致他人死亡的事件。

That is This was an agent recklessly using power that resulted in somebody dying.

该市警察局长布莱恩·奥哈拉也发表了讲话。

The city's police chief Brian O'Hara also spoke.

他强调，每当发生对未持武器人员的车辆开枪事件时，都应引起极大关注。

He stressed that it should be very concerning whenever there's a shooting into a vehicle of someone who is not armed.

我应该指出，这并不是ICE首次在车内开枪致人死亡。

And I should note this is not the first time that ICE has shot someone inside their car.

例如，今年九月，一名ICE官员在芝加哥的一辆车内开枪打死了一名男子。

An ICE officer killed a man in Chicago in September, for instance, inside his car.

那么那里的气氛如何？

So what's been the atmosphere like there?

是的。

Yeah.

昨晚，这里举行了一场规模巨大的守夜活动，总体上保持了和平。

So last night, there was a very large vigil held here, and it's been mostly peaceful.

人们充满愤怒，局势非常紧张。

There's a lot of anger, and it's been very tense.

出于谨慎考虑，明尼阿波利斯的公立学校本周余下时间将停课。

Minneapolis public schools are closing for the rest of the week out of an abundance of caution.

昨天，数百名抗议者在她被杀的十字路口集会，高呼口号，要求逮捕枪手。

Yesterday, there were hundreds of protesters at the intersection where she was killed chanting and calling for the shooter to be arrested.

一些抗议者告诉我，他们对这次枪击并不感到惊讶，因为ICE官员在本市一直对社区成员表现出很强的攻击性。

And some of the protesters told me, you know, they weren't surprised by the shooting, that ICE officers have been very aggressive towards community members in the city.

接下来会发生什么？

So what happens next?

明尼苏达州州长蒂姆·沃尔兹表示，他昨天向明尼苏达州国民警卫队下达了预警令，他说这基本上是为可能发生的骚乱做准备。

Minnesota governor Tim Wall said he gave a warning order to the Minnesota National Guard yesterday, which he said is basically a heads up in case there is unrest.

州执法官员表示，由于这现在是一项正在进行的调查，他们无法进一步评论。

And state law enforcement officials said they couldn't comment more on what is now an active investigation.

这是NPR的梅格·安德森。

That is NPR's Meg Anderson.

梅格，谢谢你。

Meg, thank you.

嗯。

Yeah.

不客气。

You're welcome.

美国军队登上了他们跨越大西洋追击了近两周的一艘油轮。

US forces boarded an oil tanker they had been pursuing for nearly two weeks across the Atlantic.

嗯。

Yeah.

在追击过程中，这艘油轮更改了名称，甚至开始悬挂俄罗斯国旗。

During the chase, the tanker changed its name and even began flying a Russian flag.

所有这些都发生在特朗普政府开始公布其对委内瑞拉石油行业计划的新细节之际。

All of this comes as the Trump administration begins releasing new details about their plans for Venezuela's oil industry.

NPR的格雷格·迈尔为您带来详细报道。

NPR's Greg Myrie has the details.

早上好，格雷格。

Good morning, Greg.

你好，米歇尔。

Hi, Michelle.

所以这艘船当时位于英国和冰岛之间。

So this boat was somewhere between Britain and Iceland.

它是怎么到那里的？

How did it get there?

这可真是一场冒险。

It was quite the adventure.

过去一个月，美国军舰一直在加勒比海地区追击被制裁的油轮，也就是这些幽灵船。

US ships in The Caribbean have been targeting sanctioned oil tankers, these ghost ships for the past month.

他们在去年12月底锁定了一艘。

They homed in on one in late December.

这艘船名叫贝拉一号，据信正前往委内瑞拉装载石油。

It was called the Bella one and believed to be heading to Venezuela to pick up oil.

但贝拉一号拒绝停船。

But the Bella one refused to halt.

相反，它改变了航向，驶向大西洋，美国军方紧追不舍。

Instead, it changed course and headed out to the Atlantic with US forces in pursuit.

在途中某个时刻，贝拉一号更改了船名。

Now somewhere along the way, the Bella one changed its name.

船员只是在船体上漆上了新名字。

The crew simply painted a new name on the hull.

它变成了‘马里纳拉’号，同时还更换了国旗。

It became the Marinara, and it also changed flags.

它降下了圭亚那的国旗，换上了俄罗斯的国旗。

It lowered the flag of Guyana and used the flag of Russia.

这对追击它的美国部队有任何影响吗？

Did that make any difference to The US forces chasing it?

没有。

No.

这种海上伪装并没有吓退美国人。

This nautical makeover did not deter the Americans.

他们在北大西洋、英国和冰岛之间追上了‘马里纳拉’号，正如你所指出的，那里距离这场追逐的起点已有数千英里。

They caught up with the Marinara in the North Atlantic, between Britain and Iceland, as you noted, several thousand miles from where this chase began.

美国部队登上了这艘油轮，目前油轮和船员正前往美国。

The US forces boarded the tanker, which along with the crew is now headed to The US.

因此，对于美国涉及委内瑞拉的行动来说，这真是戏剧性的一周，但许多批评者仍在质疑，美国是否真有明确的后续计划。

So it's been a pretty dramatic week for The US operations related to Venezuela, but many critics are still asking if there's a real plan for the road ahead.

国务卿马尔科·卢比奥回应称，美国确实有一项稳定委内瑞拉的策略。

Secretary of state Marco Rubio responded and said The US does have a strategy to stabilize Venezuela.

其中一项措施是美国接管高达五千万桶的委内瑞拉石油。

One component is The US taking control of up to 50,000,000 barrels of oil from Venezuela.

我们将以市场价格在市场中出售这些石油，而不是委内瑞拉之前享受的折扣价。

We're gonna sell it in the marketplace at market rates, not at the discounts Venezuela was getting.

这些资金将被以一种我们能够控制其分配方式的方式处理，确保真正惠及委内瑞拉人民。

That money will then be handled in such a way that we will control how it is dispersed in a way that benefits the Venezuelan people.

目前石油价格相对较低，但他所提到的这一数量可能价值约20亿至30亿美元。

So the current price of oil is relatively low, but that amount that he's talking about could work out to somewhere between 2 and $3,000,000,000.

我在想，美国扣押一艘悬挂俄罗斯国旗的油轮会引发怎样的反应。

I'm wondering about the reaction to The US seizing a tanker with a Russian flag.

这在任何程度上加剧了与莫斯科的紧张关系吗？

Has that, in any way, sort of increasing tensions with Moscow?

好吧，俄罗斯人当然对这并不高兴，但到目前为止，他们的反应还算克制。

Well, the Russians certainly are not happy about this, but so far, the response has been pretty measured.

俄罗斯交通部表示，早在12月24日就给予这艘船临时悬挂俄罗斯国旗的许可。

The transportation ministry says it gave this ship temporary permission to fly the Russian flag back on December 24.

该部门补充称，‘公海上的航行自由规则适用，任何政府都无权对船舶使用武力。’

It added that, quote, freedom of navigation rules operate in the open sea, and no government has the right to use force against ships.

俄罗斯并未说明为何授予这一许可。

Russia didn't say why it granted this permission.

也许他们认为这可以阻止美国扣押这艘船。

Perhaps it thought it might deter The US from seizing the ship.

俄罗斯是委内瑞拉的盟友，但并未真正采取任何措施阻止此次美国的行动。

Russia is an ally of Venezuela, but didn't really do anything to prevent this recent US campaign.

因此，这或许是一种低成本援助委内瑞拉的方式。

So maybe this seemed like some sort of low cost way to assist Venezuela.

因此，随着特朗普政府谈论其对委内瑞拉的计划，焦点似乎越来越集中在石油产业上。

So as the Trump administration talks about its plans for Venezuela, the focus seems to be increasingly on the oil industry.

关于这个，你还能告诉我们些什么？

So what else can you tell us about this?

嗯。

Yeah.

特朗普昨晚接受了《纽约时报》的长时间采访，称美国对委内瑞拉的监管可能会持续数年，其中许多内容聚焦于管理该国的石油产业。

Trump, gave a long interview to the New York Times last night and said US oversight of Venezuela could last for years, and a lot of this focused on running the country's oil industry.

能源部长克里斯·赖特似乎也将发挥关键作用。

It also looks like energy secretary Chris Wright will be playing a key role.

他昨天在佛罗里达州的一次能源会议上表示，美国将无限期控制委内瑞拉石油产业的销售。

He told an energy conference in Florida yesterday that The US will be controlling the sales of Venezuela's oil industry indefinitely.

因此，这种多管齐下的方法，很大程度上都与该国的石油产业有关。

So it looks like this multipronged approach, much of it related to the country's oil industry.

这是NPR的格雷格·迈拉。

That's NPR's Greg Myra.

格雷格，谢谢。

Greg, thank you.

当然，米歇尔。

Sure thing, Michelle.

卫生部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪 Jr. 发布了新的饮食指南，他表示这些指南旨在‘彻底改变我们的饮食文化’。

Health secretary Robert f Kennedy junior released new dietary guidelines, which he says aim to, quote, revolutionize our food culture, end quote.

这些指南引入了一个新的食物金字塔，取代了现有的“我的餐盘”标志，并颠覆了多年的营养建议。

The guidelines come with a new food pyramid replacing the current MyPlate symbol, and they upend years of nutrition advice.

NPR 的艾莉森·阿伯里现在与我们连线，为我们详细介绍这一情况。

NPR's Alison Arbery is with us now to tell us more about this.

早上好，艾莉森。

Good morning to you, Alison.

早上好，米歇尔。

Good morning, Michelle.

这些新指南的主要变化是什么？

So what are the main changes in these new guidelines?

几十年来，美国人一直被建议食用低脂乳制品并限制红肉摄入，但这一建议现在被完全颠覆了。

For decades, Americans have been advised to eat low fat dairy and limit red meat, but that advice has been turned on its head.

这个新金字塔的最顶端是一块牛排、一块奶酪，以及一只整鸡或火鸡。

At the very top of this new pyramid is a cut a steak, a wedge of cheese, and a whole turkey or chicken.

以下是秘书长肯尼迪在发布时的场景。

Here's secretary Kennedy at the unveiling.

蛋白质和健康脂肪是必不可少的，而之前的饮食指南却错误地劝阻了人们摄入它们。

Protein and healthy fats are essential, and we're wrongly discouraged in prior dietary guidelines.

我们正在结束对饱和脂肪的战争。

We are ending the war on saturated fats.

不过，说结束对饱和脂肪的战争可能有点过头了，因为指南仍保留了长期以来建议将饱和脂肪限制在每日卡路里摄入量10%以内的规定。

Now ending the war on saturated fat may be a bit strong as the guidelines do still include a long held recommendation to limit saturated fat to 10% of your daily calories.

公共卫生和营养专家对此有何反应？

What's been the reaction from public health and nutrition experts?

嗯，有一些批评意见。

Well, there's some criticism.

请记住，美国心脏协会和营养与饮食学会都指出，科学证据表明，来自红肉等来源的过量饱和脂肪与心脏病有关。

Keep in mind that both the American Heart Association and the Academy of Dietetics and Nutrition point to the science showing that excessive saturated fat from sources like red meat is linked to heart disease.

我采访了斯坦福大学的克里斯托弗·加德纳。

I spoke to Christopher Gardner of Stanford University.

他是一位营养专家。

He's a nutrition expert.

他曾是膳食指南咨询委员会的成员，该委员会花了两年时间审查所有证据，包括饱和脂肪对健康的影响。

He was on the dietary guidelines advisory committee, a group that spent two years reviewing all the evidence, including the effects of saturated fat on health.

我对新金字塔将红肉和饱和脂肪来源置于最顶端、仿佛它们是需要优先选择的食物感到非常失望。

I'm very disappointed in the new pyramid that teaches red meat and saturated fat sources at the very top as if that's something to prioritize.

这与几十年来的科学证据和研究背道而驰。

It does go against decades and decades of evidence and research.

他主张增加植物性蛋白质来源，如豆类，而不是仅仅强调动物蛋白。

Now he's in favor of increasing plant based sources of protein such as beans rather than just emphasizing animal protein.

你之前提到，我们摄入饱和脂肪的建议实际上保持不变。

Now you mentioned, you know, earlier that the guidance on how much saturated fat we should eat is actually staying the same.

那么这里真的有变化吗，还是只是在这个图表中呈现方式不同了？

So are there real changes here, or is it just being presented differently in this chart?

是的。

Yeah.

嗯，确实有一些真正的变化。

Well, there are some definitely some real changes.

指南建议美国人大幅减少精制碳水化合物和高度加工食品的摄入，包括含糖饮料和零食。

The guidelines call for Americans to cut way back on refined carbohydrates and highly processed foods, including sugary drinks and snacks.

说起来容易做起来难。

Now this is easier said than done.

这些食品占了大约70%的食品供应量，从薯片和汽水到即食加工食品都包括在内。

These foods make up, you know, about 70% of the food supply, everything from chips and soda to grab and go prepared foods.

我采访了达里乌斯·莫萨法里安医生。

I spoke to doctor Darius Mosafarian.

他是塔夫茨大学‘食物即药物’研究所的主任，也是一名心脏病专家。

He's a cardiologist who directs the Food is Medicine Institute at Tufts University.

他赞赏这一大幅减少高度加工食品的呼吁。

He applauds this call for a dramatic reduction in highly processed foods.

美国政府首次建议减少一大类因加工而应少吃的食物，这意义重大，我认为这对公共健康是一个非常积极的举措。

To have the US government for the first time recommend that a wide class of foods be eaten less because of their processing is a big deal and I think a very positive move for public health.

所以我认为，肯尼迪秘书长在这一问题上与许多公共卫生专家达成了共识。

So I'd say Secretary Kennedy has found some common ground with lots of public health experts on this issue.

众所周知，普遍共识认为，美国标准饮食和不良饮食习惯是慢性疾病的主要诱因。

You know, there's this widespread consensus that the standard American diet and poor eating habits are a leading cause of chronic disease.

这些饮食指南会产生影响吗？

Will these dietary guidelines make a difference?

真的有人会关注它们吗？

Does anybody really pay attention to them?

当然，仅靠新的指南无法改变人们的习惯，但它们具有极大的影响力。

You know, new guidelines alone can't change people's habits, of course, but they are highly influential.

它们决定了学校餐食、军事基地供餐的内容，并决定了联邦营养计划中允许提供的食品。

They dictate what can be served in school meals, on military bases, and determine what's allowed in federal nutrition programs.

令人担忧的是，人们看到肉类位于金字塔顶端后，会忽视增加水果蔬菜摄入、减少糖分和高度精制加工食品（即垃圾食品）摄入的建议。

The worry is that people will see meat at the top of the pyramid and ignore the call to also eat more fruits and vegetables and cut back on sugar and highly refined and processed foods, aka junk food.

确实如此。

That is.

接下来是艾莉森·奥布里。

And here's Alison Aubrey.

艾莉森，谢谢。

Alison, thank you.

谢谢你，米歇尔。

Thank you, Michelle.

以上就是周四，1月8日的节目。

And that's Up for Thursday, January 8.

我是米歇尔·马丁。

I'm Michelle Martin.

我是莱拉·福德尔。

And I'm Leila Faudel.

如果你喜欢以《早间新闻》开启你的一天——我希望你确实喜欢——请考虑订阅NPR Plus。

If you enjoy starting your day with Up First, and I hope you do, please consider signing up for NPR Plus.

您的订阅将有助于维持NPR网络的强劲运作，并通过每月定期捐款支持本地公共广播电台。

Your subscription will help keep the NPR network strong and support local public radio stations through a recurring monthly donation.

此外，您还能获得一些很棒的福利，比如无广告收听、独家附加剧集，以及提前访问部分NPR内容。

And you get some cool perks with it too, like ad free listening, bonus episodes, and early access to some NPR content.

请访问 +.npr.org 进行注册。

Visit +.npr.org to sign up.

今天《Up First》节目的编辑是切丽尔·科利、安德鲁·苏斯曼、简·格林哈奇、穆罕默德·埃尔·巴尔迪西和埃利斯·沃尔利。

Today's episode of Up First was edited by Cheryl Corley, Andrew Sussman, Jane Greenhalch, Mohamed El Bardisi, and Ellis Wolffley.

本集由齐亚德·布奇、尼亚·杜马斯和克里斯托弗·托马斯制作。

It was produced by Ziyad Butch, Nia Dumas, and Christopher Thomas.

我们的工程支持来自大卫·格林伯格。

We get engineering support from David Greenberg.

我们的技术总监是斯泰西·阿博特，副执行制片人是凯莉·狄更斯。

Our technical director is Stacy Abbott, and our deputy executive producer is Kelly Dickens.

我们希望您明天能再次与我们一同收听。

We hope you'll join us again tomorrow.

想在没有广告插播的情况下收听这个播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可以通过亚马逊音乐免费收听《Up First》，或者您也可以支持NPR的重要新闻报道，通过plus.npr.org获取《Up First Plus》。

Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

网址是plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.