军队待命应对明尼苏达、格陵兰北约紧张局势及加沙和平委员会

明尼苏达州正成为抵制联邦移民打压的前沿阵地。

Minnesota is becoming the front line of resistance to federal immigration crackdowns.

在特朗普总统威胁要援引《叛乱法》来镇压抗议活动后，多达1500名现役士兵已处于待命状态。

Up to 1,500 active duty troops are on standby after president Trump threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act to suppress protests.

我是米歇尔·马丁。

I'm Michelle Martin.

这是史蒂夫·因斯科普，欢迎收听NPR新闻的《早间头条》。

That's Steve Inskeep, and this is Up First from NPR News.

白宫计划通过关税施压北约盟友，促成购买格陵兰岛的协议。

The White House plans to use tariffs to pressure NATO allies to make a deal for the purchase of Greenland.

总统愿意将美国最亲密的伙伴推到何种地步？

How far is the president willing to push America's closest partners?

此外，总统正邀请世界各国领导人加入一个新成立的和平委员会，以保障冲突地区的安全，显然不仅限于加沙。

Also, president is inviting world leaders to join a new board of peace to secure conflict zones, apparently not just Gaza.

NPR获得了一份章程副本，该章程要求其他国家支付数十亿美元以永久加入该委员会，并赋予特朗普广泛且看似永久的权力。

NPR obtained a copy of the charter, which asks other countries to pay billions to join the board permanently and gives Trump sweeping seemingly permanent authority.

以色列怎么看？

What does Israel think?

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们为您提供开启一天所需的新闻。

We've got the news you need to start your day.

我是塔尼娅·莫西利，《新鲜空气》的联合主持人。

This is Tanya Moseley, cohost of Fresh Air.

你可以在深夜电视节目或YouTube上看到你喜爱的演员、导演和喜剧演员，但《新鲜空气》能带你深入探索。

You'll see your favorite actors, directors, and comedians on late night TV shows or YouTube, but what you get with Fresh Air is a deep dive.

与比莉·艾利什、奎斯特洛夫、爱莉安娜·格兰德、斯蒂芬·科尔伯特等人共度一段高质量的时光。

Spend some quality time with people like Billie Eilish, Questlove, Ariana Grande, Stephen Colbert, and so many more.

我们提出的问题，你在其他地方听不到。

We ask questions you won't hear asked anywhere else.

收听来自NPR和WHYY的《新鲜空气》播客。

Listen to the Fresh Air podcast from NPR and WHYY.

在NPR的《Wildcard》播客中，喜剧演员蒂尼亚·塔罗。

On NPR's wildcard podcast, comedian Tigna Taro.

每当人们说她至死都保持着幽默感时，我总是忍不住笑。

It always makes me laugh when people say she had her sense of humor to the end.

我一直觉得，如果在我的讣告里写上‘我最后失去了幽默感’，那会特别搞笑。

And I always thought it would be so funny to put in my obituary that I lost my sense of humor in the end.

就像

Like

请在NPR应用或YouTube上的NPR Wildcard频道观看或收听这场对话。

Watch or listen to that wildcard conversation on the NPR app or on YouTube at NPR wildcard.

明尼苏达州的抗议者在一个寒冷的周末走上街头，与移民官员对峙，而特朗普政府则在周末加大了施压力度。

Minnesota protesters spent a cold weekend on the streets confronting immigration agents, and president Trump's administration spent the weekend escalating pressure.

多达1500名现役军人已待命，准备可能被派往当地。

Up to 1,500 active duty troops are on standby for possible deployment there.

一位美国官员告诉我们的同事汤姆·鲍曼，这些士兵来自第十一空降师。

A US official tells our colleague Tom Bowman that the troops are from the eleventh Airborne Division.

他们驻扎在阿拉斯加，受过在寒冷天气下行动的训练。

They're based in Alaska and trained to operate in cold weather.

总统曾威胁要援引《叛乱法案》，以证明派遣军队执行通常由执法部门承担的任务是合理的。

The president has threatened to invoke the Insurrection Act to justify sending troops to perform tasks typically performed by law enforcement.

这些只是政府在周末采取的一些措施，明尼苏达公共广播电台的克莱·马斯特斯在这里。

Those were just some of the administration moves over the weekend, and Minnesota Public Radio's Clay Masters is here.

克莱，早上好。

Clay, good morning.

早上好。

Good morning.

政府还采取了哪些其他行动？

What else did the administration do?

我们了解到，司法部已对明尼苏达州州长蒂姆·沃尔斯和明尼阿波利斯市长雅各布·弗莱展开调查。

We learned that the Department of Justice has opened an investigation into Minnesota governor Tim Walls and Minneapolis mayor Jacob Fry.

沃尔斯和弗莱一直强烈反对移民与海关执法局（ICE）在该州增加存在，尤其是自雷内·麦金利·古德被ICE特工乔纳森·罗斯致命枪击后，ICE在明尼阿波利斯采取的手段。

Both Walls and Fry have been loud opponents of ICE's increased presence in the state, especially the tactics in Minneapolis since the fatal shooting of Renee Macklin Good by ICE agent Jonathan Ross.

沃尔斯几周前宣布放弃连任竞选，他表示，将司法系统武器化并威胁政治对手是一种专制手段。

Walls, announced a couple weeks ago he was dropping his bid for reelection, said weaponizing the justice system and threatening political opponents is an authoritarian tactic.

这是明尼阿波利斯市长雅各布·弗莱昨天在CBS《面对全国》节目中的发言。

And here's mayor Jacob Fry on CBS's Face the Nation yesterday.

我们正在尽一切努力维持和平，尽管这支占领力量实际上已经入侵了我们的城市。

We are doing everything possible to keep the peace, notwithstanding this occupying force that has quite literally invaded our city.

特朗普总统表示，他可能会在明尼苏达州动用《叛乱法案》。

And president Trump has said he might use the Insurrection Act in Minnesota.

当记者周五向他问及此事时，他对这一威胁做了些许调整。

He refined that threat a bit on Friday when asked by reporters about it.

他说，如果需要的话他会动用该法案，但目前没有理由使用它。

He said he would use it if he needed it, but he didn't see any reason right now to use it.

好的。

Okay.

那么，这1500名士兵在这种情况下扮演什么角色？

Given that, where do these 1,500 troops fit in?

我的意思是，我们应该明确，军队处于待命状态，这一安排是在州长沃尔斯命令明尼苏达国民警卫队准备可能部署，以协助当地执法和应急管理机构之后作出的。

I mean, we should be clear that the troops are on standby, and this comes as governor Walls has directed the Minnesota National Guard to prepare for possible deployment to assist local law enforcement and emergency management agencies.

究竟这两支部队可能接到相互冲突的命令会是什么情况，目前还不得而知。

It really remains to be seen what that would look like to have two units potentially receiving, conflicting orders.

好的。

Okay.

那我们会继续关注这件事。

So we'll keep watching that.

但目前为止还没有发生。

Hasn't happened yet.

那么关于雷妮·麦金林·古德被枪杀事件，目前情况如何？

But where do things stand with the shooting of Renee Macklin Good?

司法部副部长托德·布兰奇在福克斯新闻周日节目中表示，司法部只有在适当的情况下才会展开调查，但在这起事件中并非如此——他在1月7日一名移民与海关执法局特工致命枪击麦金林·古德时如此表示。

Assistant attorney general Todd Blanche said on Fox News Sunday that the justice department investigates when it's appropriate to do so, but that's not the case here, he said, when an ICE agent fatally shot Macklin Good on January 7.

司法部阻止了明尼苏达州获取证据和证人，因此该州正在开展自己的调查。

The DOJ blocked Minnesota from accessing evidence and witnesses, so the state has their own investigation going on.

你可能还记得，上周有六名联邦检察官因司法部试图调查麦金林·古德的遗孀而辞职，我还想指出，上周五晚些时候，一名联邦法官发布了一项裁决，禁止执法人员对参与和平、不引人注目抗议活动的人进行报复。

You might remember too that six federal prosecutors in the state resigned last week over the DOJ's push to investigate Macklin Good's widow, and I also wanna note there was a ruling issued late Friday by a federal judge that prohibits agents from retaliating against people who engage in peaceful, unobtrusive protest activity.

好的。

Okay.

所以联邦特工正在越来越多地调查其他人，却偏偏不调查那些三次枪击雷内·麦金林·古德的特工？

So federal agents are finding more and more people to investigate, just not the agents who shot Renee Macklin Good three times?

我知道民主党对此很不满，但他们有什么权力呢？

I know Democrats are unhappy about that, but what power do they have?

我的意思是，除了公开谴责州内有超过两千名联邦移民执法人员外，他们其实也做不了太多。

I mean, aside from public denouncements about the presence of more than 2,000 federal immigration agents in the state, there's not a lot they can do.

明尼阿波利斯市和圣保罗市的总检察长基思·埃里森提起诉讼，称这是违反第一和第十修正案的违宪联邦入侵行为。

Attorney general Keith Ellison in the cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul sued calling it an unconstitutional federal invasion violating the first and tenth amendments.

沃尔斯州长已呼吁明尼苏达州民众继续和平地记录移民与海关执法局特工与公众互动的情况。

Governor Walls, has asked Minnesotans to continue to peacefully document how ICE agents are interacting with the public.

而在《福克斯新闻周日》节目中，布兰奇进行了反驳。

And on Fox News Sunday, Blanche pushed back.

你看到州长和市长积极鼓励罪犯上街阻挠移民局。

You saw the governor and the mayor actively encouraging encouraging criminals to go out on the street and impede ICE.

这在我们的法律下是不被允许的。

That is not allowed under our law.

我的意思是，他们正在通过联邦法院走法律途径，但就政治选项而言，距离11月的中期选举还有好几个月。

I mean, there are legal channels they're pursuing in federal courts, but as far as political options, it's still, you know, months until the midterm elections in November.

明尼苏达公共电台的克莱·马斯特斯。

Minnesota Public Radio's Clay Masters.

非常感谢。

Thanks so much.

不客气。

You're welcome.

特朗普总统就美国收购格陵兰岛发表了新言论，加剧了与欧洲的紧张关系。

President Trump is escalating tensions across Europe with new comments about The United States acquiring Greenland.

总统再次提出要取得该岛，该岛是丹麦王国的一部分。

The president has renewed his demand to take the island, which is part of the Kingdom Of Denmark.

他表示，美国需要格陵兰以保障国家安全，尽管格陵兰作为北约成员国已经受到美国的保护。

He has said that The US needs it for national security, although Greenland is already defended by The US as part of a NATO nation.

上周，北约盟国派遣军队前往格陵兰参加军事演习。

Last week, NATO allies sent troops to participate in military exercises in Greenland.

特朗普回应称，计划对美国从这些盟国进口的商品加征关税。

Trump responded by announcing plans to place tariffs on goods that Americans import from those allies.

周日，这八个成员国召开紧急会议，警告称大西洋关系正陷入危险的下行螺旋。

On Sunday, those eight nations convened an emergency meeting and warned of a, quote, dangerous downward spiral for transatlantic relations.

所有这些发生之际，恰逢美国国会代表团结束对丹麦的访问。

All this came just as a US congressional delegation was wrapping up a tour in Denmark.

NPR国会记者芭芭拉·斯普鲁恩特现在从哥本哈根为我们连线。

NPR congressional correspondent Barbara Sprunt joins us now from Copenhagen.

你好，芭芭拉。

Hi there, Barbara.

你好，史蒂夫。

Hi, Steve.

谁去了？为什么去？

Who went and why?

这是一群两党成员组成的代表团。

Well, it was a bipartisan group.

但其中民主党人占了绝大多数。

It skewed heavily towards Democrats.

但共和党参议员、来自阿拉斯加的丽莎·穆尔科斯基表示，不应将共和党人缺席视为他们缺乏支持的迹象，她说这个代表团是迅速组建起来的。

But Republican senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska said we shouldn't take the lack of Republicans there as an indicator for a lack of their support, saying this delegation came together rather quickly.

目标是缓和紧张局势。

And the goal was to deescalate a tense situation.

好的。

Okay.

那么，他们对总统关于格陵兰的要求有什么看法？

So what are they saying about the president's demands for Greenland then?

我采访了新罕布什尔州的民主党参议员让·谢赫恩。

Well, I spoke with Democratic senator Jean Shaheen of New Hampshire.

她说，总统对盟友对美国安全的重要性缺乏理解。

She said the president has shown a lack of understanding about the importance of allies to US security.

总统任何削弱这些关系、削弱北约的行为，只会给俄罗斯的弗拉基米尔·普京和中国的习近平提供庆祝的理由，你可以肯定他们现在正在庆祝。

Anything that the president does to undermine those relationships, to undermine NATO, does nothing but give Vladimir Putin in Russia and president Xi in China reasons to celebrate, and you can bet they're celebrating now.

这引发了关于北约终结的评论。

This has prompted commentary about the end of NATO.

如果以某种方式真的对北约盟友发动军事打击，那将……

If the were to go through on in some fashion, waging a military strike against a NATO ally.

但总统就俄罗斯和中国提出了这一论点，称美国必须抢先一步行动。

But the president has made this argument about Russia and China, saying The United States effectively has to get there first.

议员们对此有何看法？

What do lawmakers say about that?

这个周末，史蒂夫，议员们多次表示，他们没有收到任何关于俄罗斯和中国正在包围格陵兰并构成迫在眉睫威胁的情报。

Many times this weekend, Steve, lawmakers said that they hadn't received any intelligence about this idea that Russia and China are encircling Greenland and posing an imminent threat.

至于美国的国家安全，他们指出，丹麦王国与美国之间 already 存在合作。

And as to national security for The United States, they point out that there is already cooperation between The Kingdom of Denmark and The US.

事实上，正如你所说，美国已经在格陵兰拥有军事存在。

And The US, in fact, as you said, already has a military presence in Greenland.

而且根据北约第五条，美国对格陵兰有军事承诺，对格陵兰的攻击将被视为对美国的攻击。

And a military commitment to Greenland under NATO's article five, an attack on Greenland would be considered an attack on The United States.

因此，美国已经做好了保卫它的准备。

So The US is already in position to defend it.

但丹麦人民对失去这片领土的看法是什么？

But what do people in Denmark say about the idea of losing this territory?

周六举行了一场大规模的示威活动。

Well, there was a massive demonstration on Saturday.

成千上万的人游行至美国大使馆。

Thousands of people marched to the US embassy.

活动是和平的，但充满了激情。

It was peaceful, but there was a lot of passion.

我看到了很多格陵兰旗帜。

I saw a lot of Greenland flags.

我看到很多红色帽子，上面写着‘让美国滚蛋’。

I saw a lot of red hats that said make America go away.

来自哥本哈根、家人在格陵兰的夏洛特·霍尔姆表示，她担心如果特朗普如愿以偿，北约会面临怎样的命运。

Charlotte Holm, who's from Copenhagen and has family in Greenland, said she's worried about what happens to NATO if Trump gets what he wants.

如果我们跨过那条线，就再也回不去了。

If we go across that line, there's no going back.

覆水难收。

You can't put the toothpaste back into the tube.

需要明确的是，这不仅是抗议活动之外的一个重要话题。

And to be clear, this is a big topic of conversation here outside of the protest itself.

我采访了22岁的法律系学生威廉·布鲁斯，他分享了自己第一次听说特朗普计划收购格陵兰时的感受。

I talked to William Bruce, a 22 year old law student, and he shared how he felt when he first heard of Trump's plan to acquire Greenland.

在某种程度上，它就像是我们的大哥。

It's in some ways our big brother.

美国是一个我们一直仰望的国家，我们觉得它与我们共享价值观，美国受益，我们也会受益，反之亦然。

It's a nation, The US that we've always looked up to, felt that it was someone we shared values with, that what benefited The US would benefit us and vice versa.

他说，看到美国可能放弃这种合作，令人震惊。

And he says to see The US perhaps throw away that cooperation is shocking.

NPR的芭芭拉·斯普鲁恩特发自丹麦哥本哈根。

NPR's Barbara Sprunt in Copenhagen, Denmark.

芭芭拉，一路平安。

Barbara, safe travels.

谢谢。

Thank you.

特朗普的和平委员会实际上比宣传的更加庞大和昂贵。

President Trump's board of peace turns out to be more expansive and expensive than advertised.

和平委员会被宣传为帮助加沙重建的一种方式。

The board of peace was advertised as a way to help Gaza reconstruction.

特朗普将担任主席，其他各国派代表参与。

Trump would be the chairman with representatives from other nations.

我们说它更庞大，是因为NPR获得的其章程副本显示，该委员会主张的权力远远超出了加沙地区。

We say it's more expansive because a copy of its charter obtained by NPR shows the board asserting power far beyond Gaza.

它更昂贵，因为其他国家被要求支付永久代表权的费用。

It's more expensive because other nations are asked to pay for the privilege of permanent representation.

丹尼尔·埃斯特林一直在阅读这份章程。

And bureaus Daniel Estrin has been reading the charter.

他在特拉维夫。

He's in Tel Aviv.

你好，丹尼尔。

Hi there, Daniel.

你好，史蒂夫。

Hi, Steve.

这份文件说了什么？

What's the document say?

首先，这份章程中根本没提到‘加沙’一词，尽管这个和平委员会是为了推动加沙重建而设立的。

Well, first of all, the word Gaza is not mentioned once in this charter, even though the border peace was created for the purpose of Gaza reconstruction.

而这份章程中的措辞却表明，特朗普实际上是在试图建立一个类似于联合国安理会的替代机构，以处理加沙以外的各种全球冲突。

And instead, the language in this charter makes it seem that Trump is really trying to create a kind of rival UN Security Council to handle all kinds of world conflicts beyond Gaza.

该宪章的措辞指出，有必要建立一个更有效的国际和平建设机构。

The language of this charter says there's a need for a more effective international peacebuilding body.

所以这听起来像是对联合国的暗讽。

So it sounds like a dig at the UN there.

它将特朗普列为永久性主席，可能意味着终身任职。

It lists Trump as chairman in a permanent capacity, so potentially for life.

他将独自有权指定继任者，而希望成为和平委员会常任成员的国家，每年需支付至少10亿美元（Billion，以B开头）。

He alone would get to designate his successor and countries that would want to be a permanent member of the Board of Peace would need to pay at least $1,000,000,000 billion with a B.

许多分析人士批评称，特朗普实际上正试图削弱联合国，甚至将世界外交变成交易性行为。

There's a lot of criticism among analysts saying Trump is really trying to undermine the UN here and even make world diplomacy, transactional.

是的。

Yeah.

但宪章并未说明美国总统是主席。

And the charter does not say the president of The United States is the chairman.

它写的是唐纳德·J·特朗普将是

It says Donald j Trump would be

对的。

Right.

主席。

The chairman.

但话又说回来，加沙在这里到底扮演什么角色呢？

But with that said, where where does Gaza come in at all here then?

加沙将是这个边境和平的首个测试案例。

Well, Gaza would be the first test case of this border peace.

但如果成功，特朗普可以将这种边境和平模式推广到世界其他冲突地区。

But if successful, Trump could apply the border peace to other conflict zones around the world.

参与特朗普领导委员会、协助思考这一切的人之一，是前英国首相托尼·布莱尔。

One of the people involved in Trump's leadership committee in thinking through all of this is former British prime minister, Tony Blair.

他曾经参与过一个名为中东四方和平使团的组织。

He used to be involved in a group called the Quartet of Peacemakers for the Middle East.

我询问了他以前在中东的特派团负责人罗布·德宁，他对这一切有何看法。

And I asked his former head of mission in The Middle East, Rob Denin, what he thought about all this.

他说，他的印象是，加沙将被置于美国主导的托管之下，这在以巴冲突中是完全新的做法。

And he says that his impression is that Gaza is going to be put basically under a US led trusteeship, which is something completely new for the Israeli Palestinian conflict.

你知道，加沙过去曾处于以色列的占领之下。

You know, Gaza has been in the past under Israeli occupation.

它曾由巴勒斯坦权力机构领导。

It's been led by the Palestinian authority.

它曾由激进组织哈马斯控制。

It's been under the control of the militant group Hamas.

而现在战争结束后，计划是将其置于国际领导之下。

And now after the war, the plan here is to put it under international leadership.

好的。

Okay.

这份宪章公之于众后，以色列人现在怎么看？

What do Israelis think now that this charter has become public?

嗯，以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡已被邀请加入和平委员会。

Well, prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been invited to be on the board of peace.

但在和平委员会之下，将有一个领导小组监督加沙的日常技术委员会，而以色列实际上反对特朗普任命土耳其和卡塔尔的代表加入这个领导小组。

But under the board of peace is a leadership group that's going to be overseeing a day to day technocrat committee in Gaza, and Israel is actually objecting to Trump appointing the representatives of Turkey and Qatar to be part of that leadership group.

以色列认为土耳其和卡塔尔是哈马斯的主要支持者。

Israel sees Turkey and Qatar as the primary backers of Hamas.

因此，这实际上是以色列对特朗普和平计划部分内容的罕见公开异议。

So this is actually rare public disagreement by Israel to a part of Trump's peace plan.

好的。

Okay.

如果以色列不喜欢，能阻止吗？

Could Israel stop it if it doesn't like it?

你知道，简短的回答是不能。

You know, I guess the short answer is no.

我的意思是，卡塔尔和土耳其是特朗普的亲密盟友，所以他们将在这一监督委员会或监督小组中拥有代表。

I mean, Qatar and Turkey are close allies of Trump, so they will have representatives on this oversight board or this oversight group.

但我认为，史蒂夫，更大的图景是，以色列领导人对特朗普将国际力量引入加沙的更大计划持高度怀疑态度。

But I think the bigger picture here, Steve, is that Israeli leaders are very skeptical of Trump's bigger plan for Gaza, bringing international players in.

以色列认为，任何国际行为体都无法让哈马斯真正解除武装。

Israel does not think that any international player can get Hamas to actually disarm.

因此，今年将是检验特朗普能否真正推动这一针对加沙新方案的关键时刻。

So this year is going to be a major test of Trump's ability to really push through this new approach to Gaza.

NPR驻特拉维夫的丹尼尔·埃斯特林。

NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.

感谢你的报道。

Thanks for your reporting.

不客气。

You're welcome.

以上就是本周一，1月19日马丁·路德·金纪念日的《上头条》节目。

And that's Up First for this Monday, January 19, Martin Luther King Day.

我是史蒂夫·因斯克普。

I'm Steve Inskeep.

我是米歇尔·马丁。

And I'm Michelle Martin.

如果你喜欢以《Up First》开启你的一天，请考虑订阅NPR Plus。

If you enjoy starting your day with Up First, please consider signing up for NPR Plus.

你的订阅将帮助维持NPR网络的运转，并通过每月定期捐款支持本地公共广播电台。

Your subscription will help keep the NPR network strong and support local public radio stations through a recurring monthly donation.

此外，你还能享受到一些优质权益，比如无广告收听、独家附加剧集，以及提前获取部分NPR内容。

And you get some good perks with it too, like ad free listening, bonus episodes, and early access to some NPR content.

请访问 +.npr.org 进行订阅。

Visit +.npr.org to sign up.

今天的《Up First》由帕德玛·拉玛、本·斯韦兹、杰里·霍姆斯、穆罕默德·阿尔·巴尔迪西和梅海珍编辑。

Today's Up First was edited by Padma Rama, Ben Swayze, Jerry Holmes, Mohammed Al Bardisi, and HJ Mai.

节目由齐亚德·巴奇、尼亚·达马斯和克里斯托弗·托马斯制作。

It was produced by Ziyad Butch, Nia Damas and Christopher Thomas.

我们获得西蒙·利斯尔·延森的工程支持，技术总监是卡莉·斯特兰奇。

We get engineering support from Simon Lisle Jensen, and our technical director is Carly Strange.

明天再见。

Join us tomorrow.