美国和以色列袭击伊朗，伊朗对以色列及其他中东国家进行报复

经过数周的军事集结，美国和以色列已对伊朗发动了大规模军事行动。

After weeks of military buildup, The US and Israel have launched a major combat operation in Iran.

这是一个非常简单的信息。

It's a very simple message.

他们永远不可能拥有核武器。

They will never have a nuclear weapon.

我是阿伊莎·拉斯科。

I'm Ayesha Rasco.

我是斯科特·西蒙，这里是NPR新闻的《今日要闻》。

And I'm Scott Simon, and this is Up First from NPR News.

国防部将此次行动称为“史诗狂怒行动”，并针对伊朗领导层进行了打击。

The defense department calls this mission Operation Epic Fury and has targeted Iran's leadership.

特朗普总统呼吁伊朗人民‘接管你们的政府’。

President Trump is calling on the Iranian people to, quote, take over your government.

稍后，我们将带来NPR记者格雷格·迈尔的详细报道。

In a moment, details from NPR's Greg Myrae.

伊朗已通过发射导弹袭击以色列进行报复。

Iran has retaliated by launching a missile attack on Israel.

以色列的防空系统正在做出回应。

Israel's air defense systems are responding.

我们将听取我们在中东的记者的报道。

We'll hear from our correspondents in The Middle East.

请继续关注我们。

So please stay with us.

我们为您带来开启周末所需的新闻。

We've got the news you need to start your weekend.

这条信息来自Wise，一款为全球使用货币的国际人士设计的应用。

This message comes from Wise, the app for international people using money around the globe.

您只需轻点几下，即可发送、消费和接收多达40种货币。

You can send, spend, and receive in up to 40 currencies with only a few simple taps.

聪明一点。

Be smart.

使用Wise。

Get Wise.

立即下载Wise应用或访问wise.com。

Download the Wise app today or visit wise.com.

条款和条件适用。

Ts and cs apply.

美国对伊朗发动军事行动。

The US launches a military operation against Iran.

我们的目标是通过消除伊朗政权迫在眉睫的威胁来保护美国人民。

Our objective is to defend the American people by eliminating imminent threats from the Iranian regime.

在《世界局势》节目中，我们将为您带来该行动的最新进展，以及来自该地区和全球的反应。

On State of the World, we'll bring you the latest on the operation as well as reaction from the region and around the globe.

在NPR应用或您收听播客的任何平台收听《世界局势》。

Listen to State of the World on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

本广告由加拿大广播公司（CBC）发布。

This message comes from CBC.

来自《揭露》的加拿大邪教女王，这是一个关于极化的故事，讲述了一个小社区如何成为现代加拿大极端主义的试验场。

The cult queen of Canada from uncover is a story about polarization and what happens when a small community becomes the testing ground for extremism in modern Canada.

立即在您收听播客的平台收听。

Listen now wherever you get your podcasts.

周六清晨，随着美国和以色列对伊朗的军事行动开始，德黑兰传出大规模爆炸声。

Large explosions were reported in Tehran as The US Israeli military operation in Iran began early Saturday morning.

这发生在中东局势持续升级数周之后。

It followed weeks of escalating tension in The Middle East.

此外，我们邀请到跨国安全记者格雷格·迈尔。

And paranational security correspondent Greg Myrie is with us.

感谢你加入我们，格雷格。

Thanks for being with us, Greg.

嗨，斯科特。

Hi, Scott.

关于这次军事行动，你能告诉我们些什么？

And what can you tell us about this military operation?

首先，这是一次大规模的行动，这基于最初的打击规模以及特朗普总统对此的描述。

Well, first of all, this is a massive operation, and that's based extent of the initial strikes and in the way president Trump is describing this.

在此之前，人们广泛猜测他可能会选择一次短暂而猛烈的攻击，还是持续更久的行动。

There was a lot of speculation beforehand whether he might opt for a a short, sharp attack or a longer one.

初步印象是，总统选择了大规模出击。

The initial impression is that the president chose to go very big.

这些打击是在伊朗日出后开始的。

These strikes began after sunrise in Iran.

德黑兰首都响起了巨大的爆炸声。

Huge explosions rang out in the capital Tehran.

伊朗人在社交媒体上发布了视频，显示了大量浓密的烟柱。

Iranians posted videos on social media that showed large plumes of thick smoke.

有初步报告称，伊朗多地都遭到了打击，但我们尚不清楚对具体目标（如该国核设施）造成的破坏程度。

There are preliminary reports of strikes in many parts of Iran, though we don't have word on the extent full extent of damage on specific targets like the country's nuclear facilities.

特朗普总统在Truth Social上发布了一段八分钟的视频。

President Trump posted this eight minute video on Truth Social.

这是其中一部分。

Here's part of it.

我们的目标是通过消除伊朗政权带来的迫在眉睫的威胁来保护美国人民，这是一个极其残忍、可怕的群体。

Our objective is to defend the American people by eliminating imminent threats from the Iranian regime, a vicious group of very hard, terrible people.

格雷格，总统对这次行动本身有任何细节透露吗？

Greg, did the president offer any details about the operation itself?

有一点。

A bit.

他说美国将摧毁伊朗的导弹项目和海军。

He said The US would destroy Iran's missile program and its navy.

这些是伊朗军队中可能攻击美国舰船或该地区军事基地的部分。

So these are parts of the Iranian military that could hit US ships or military bases in the region.

因此，在战役初期优先打击这些目标是合理的。

So it makes sense that they'd be a priority in the early days of the campaign.

现在他还表示，伊朗正在重建其核计划，也就是他去年称已被美国彻底摧毁的那个计划。

Now he also said Iran was rebuilding its nuclear program, the same one he said The US obliterated last year.

而且，核分析人士表示，他们并未看到这种重建迹象，但特朗普总统一直引用这一点。

And, nuclear analysts have said they haven't seen that rebuilding, but it's something president Trump keeps citing.

伊朗今天怎么说？

What does Iran say today?

是的。

Yeah.

伊朗外交部称这次空袭严重侵犯了其国家主权。

The foreign ministry calls the airstrikes a gross violation of its national sovereignty.

该声明称，美国和以色列的空袭击中了军事和民用目标。

The statement said The US and Israeli airstrikes hit both military and civilian targets.

伊朗表示将自卫，并称学校和大学将停课，同时警告伊朗民众避免前往人群密集区域。

Iran said it will defend itself, adding that schools and universities will be closed, and it warned Iranians to avoid crowded areas.

在空袭开始前，总统并未多谈他在伊朗的最终目标是什么，但今天情况已经改变了，不是吗？

Before the strikes began, the president didn't say much about what his ultimate goal might be in Iran, but that that's changed today, hasn't it?

是的。

Yeah.

没错，斯科特。

That's right, Scott.

事实上，他视频中最引人注目的部分出现在临近结尾时，他直接对伊朗人民讲话。

And and, really, the most striking part of his video came right near the end when he spoke directly to the Iranian people.

他说，你知道的，他们现在应该待在室内，寻找掩护。

He said, you know, they should stay inside and shelter now.

炸弹将会在各处落下。

Bombs would be falling everywhere.

但随后他又补充说：‘当我们完成时，接管你们的政府。’

But then he added, quote, when we are finished, take over your government.

这将是你们去接管的。

It will be yours to take.

这可能是你们几代人中唯一的机会。

This will be probably your only chance for generations.

所以这真的意义重大。

So this is really hugely significant.

他正在鼓励伊朗人直接对抗上个月在大规模街头抗议中杀害了数千名示威者的同一政府。

He's encouraging Iranians to directly confront the very same government that killed thousands of demonstrators in mass street protests just last month.

现在，特朗普明确呼吁政权更迭。

Now Trump is explicitly calling for regime change.

他描述的不是一次有限的行动，而是希望伊朗人自己推翻已经执政四十七年的伊斯兰神权政权。

He's not describing a limited operation, and he wants Iranians themselves to oust the Islamic clerical regime that's ruled for forty seven years.

不过，还有一点需要强调：目前没有任何迹象表明美国会向伊朗派遣地面部队，也不清楚单靠空袭能对伊朗政府造成多大削弱。

One final point, though, we should stress that there's no sign The US will send ground troops into Iran, and it's not clear how much The US will weaken the government with air power alone.

因此，在现阶段，根本无法判断领导层是否会对特朗普所呼吁的那种国内起义变得脆弱。

So at this stage, it's just impossible to say whether the leadership might be vulnerable to the kind of domestic uprising that Trump is calling for.

接下来是格雷格·迈尔。

And here's Greg Myrie.

非常感谢。

Thanks so much.

不客气，斯科特。

Sure thing, Scott.

今天早上，以色列人被防空警报惊醒。

Israelis woke up this morning to air raid sirens.

据以色列军方称，伊朗迄今已向以色列发射了数十枚导弹。

Iran has fired dozens of missiles toward Israel so far according to the Israeli military.

尚未报告有重大命中。

No significant hits have been reported.

据一位了解该行动并接受NPR采访的人士称，以色列曾试图暗杀伊朗的最高领导人。

And Israel has tried to assassinate Iran's top leaders according to a person briefed on the operation who spoke with NPR.

我们现在连线来自特拉维夫的NPR记者丹尼尔·埃斯特林。

We're joined now from Tel Aviv by NPR's Daniel Estrin.

丹尼尔，感谢你加入我们。

Daniel, thanks for being with us.

谢谢你，斯科特。

Thank you, Scott.

跟我们说说你现在所在地方的情况如何。

Give us a sense of what it's like right now where you are.

嗯，这并不完全出乎意料。

Well, I can't say this was a complete surprise.

我的意思是，以色列人已经预料到军事行动好几周了。

I mean, Israelis have been anticipating military action for many weeks now.

昨天，美国驻以色列大使告诉其使馆工作人员，如果想离开以色列，昨天就是最后的机会。

And yesterday, The US ambassador to Israel told his embassy staff if they wanted to leave Israel then yesterday was the day to do it.

从今天早上开始，已经发生了好几波空袭警报。

Since this morning, there have been several waves of air raid sirens.

我一直在阳台上录下这些警报声。

I've been tape recording them from my balcony.

空袭警报停止后，你就会听到这个声音。

The air raid siren goes quiet and then you hear this.

窗外传来一声巨响。

Boom outside the window.

那是以色列的防空系统在拦截来袭导弹。

That's Israel's air defense system intercepting incoming missiles.

你可以看到特拉维夫上空的烟雾轨迹。

And you can see the trail of smoke in the sky over Tel Aviv.

现在，我身处一个安全室，也就是防护掩体。

Right now, I'm in a safe room, a protected sheltered room.

以色列的机场已关闭所有航班。

And, the airport in Israel has been closed to all flights.

全国范围内的公共避难所均已开放。

Public shelters are open across the country.

咖啡馆都关闭了。

Cafes are closed.

所以街道很安静，但在防空警报的间隙，我走到街上，遇到了一位遛狗的女士，拉赫eli·亚哈罗尼，她说她的公寓里没有防护掩体。

So the streets are quiet, but in between air raid sirens, I was out on the street and I I met a woman walking her dog, Racheli Aharoni, and she says she doesn't have a protected room in her apartment.

我也觉得很难过。

I feel bad also.

我非常难过。

I feel very bad.

非常糟糕，因为我也不知道接下来会发生什么，你知道的，如果人们知道该怎么做就好了，但人们根本不知道该怎么做。

Very bad because I don't know what will be, you know, if I know, you know, if people knows what to do, people don't know what to do.

所以你能听到其中充满了不确定性和焦虑。

So a lot of uncertainty and apprehension you hear there.

她说她真的无法理解袭击伊朗的决定，因为她称掌权者——特朗普总统和以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡——是疯子。

And she says she just doesn't really know what to make of the decision to strike Iran because she said the people in charge, president Trump and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, she called them crazy people.

内塔尼亚胡是如何为以色列和美国现在攻击伊朗辩护的呢？

And how does Netanyahu make the case, for why Israel and The US are attacking Iran now?

内塔尼亚胡发布了一段视频，称自去年六月以色列对伊朗发动战争以来，伊朗一直在试图重建其导弹和核能力，而美国也参与了那次行动。

Netanyahu put out a video saying Iran was trying to rebuild its missile and nuclear capacities since the Israeli war on Iran last June, which The US also took part in.

他说，如果现在不阻止伊朗，它们将来就会变得无法被攻击。

And he said if Iran was not stopped now, they would become immune to attack.

他还说，伊朗正试图通过与美国就其核计划进行谈判来争取时间。

And he said Iran was trying to buy time with talks with The US over its nuclear program.

他称这种谈判是封建且欺骗性的。

He called that a feudal and deceptive negotiation.

他还说，以色列不会坐视‘灭绝的阴影’笼罩以色列。

And he said that Israel would not stand by while, quote, the shadow of annihilation hangs over Israel.

因此，他表示最终目标是帮助伊朗人民推翻自己的政府。

So he said the ultimate goal was to help Iranians topple their own government.

以下是内塔尼亚胡说的一些话。

Here's a bit of what Netanyahu said.

所以

So

他用希伯来语说，如今伊朗人有机会掌握自己的命运。

he's saying there in Hebrew, now Iranians have the chance to take their destiny into their own hands.

以色列到目前为止打击了哪些目标？

What has Israel struck so far?

我采访了一位了解此次行动的人，他说以色列曾试图暗杀伊朗最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊以及伊朗总统。

I spoke to a person briefed on the operation who said that Israel did try to assassinate Iran's supreme leader, Ali Khamenei, and the Iranian president as well.

内塔尼亚胡表示，以色列一直针对政权要员、伊朗革命卫队的设施以及被围困的准军事力量。

Netanyahu said that Israel has been targeting regime figures, also sites of the Iranian revolutionary guards and the besieged paramilitary forces.

他还表示，以色列与美国一起正在打击弹道导弹阵地。

And he said Israel, together with The US, was striking ballistic missile sites.

丹尼尔，在接下来的几小时和几天里，你会关注什么？

Daniel, what are you gonna be looking out for in the coming hours and days ahead?

首先，以色列军方表示，他们将征召约7万名预备役士兵，并加强边境防御，特别是在黎巴嫩和叙利亚边境，因为人们普遍担心伊朗的代理民兵组织真主党可能会加入报复行动，发射火箭弹，甚至像哈马斯在2023年10月7日那样突袭进入以色列境内。

Well, first of all, the Israeli military says that it's gonna be calling up about 70,000 reservist soldiers and fortifying its borders, especially along the Lebanese and Syrian borders because there's a lot of concern here that Iran's proxy militia Hezbollah could join in in the retaliation, firing rockets or even storming the border into Israel like Hamas did on 10/07/2023.

NPR驻特拉维夫的丹尼尔·埃斯特林。

NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.

非常感谢你与我们在一起。

Thanks so much for being with us.

不客气。

You're very welcome.

NPR的简·阿拉思正在约旦安曼密切关注该地区的局势发展。

NPR's Jane Arath is in Amman, Jordan monitoring the developments in the region.

她现在加入我们的连线。

She joins us now.

简，感谢你参与我们的节目。

Jane, thanks for being with us.

谢谢。

Thank you.

伊朗已经对美国和以色列的空袭进行了报复。

Iran has retaliated to The US and Israeli airstrikes.

告诉我们你了解到的情况。

Tell us what you know.

我可以告诉你，我在这里约旦所看到和听到的——空中有喷气式战斗机和拦截导弹的声响，这表明这场冲突正在整个地区引发巨大影响。

Well, I can tell you what I'm seeing and hearing and here in Jordan where there's the sound of war of jet fighters and missiles being intercepted, and it's an indication that this is having immense repercussions across the region.

除了对以色列的空袭之外，伊朗已将所有美国和以色列的利益列为打击目标。

So in addition to those strikes on Israel, Iran has declared all US and Israeli interests a target.

这意味着，该地区任何国家境内的美国基地，几乎都成了合法目标。

And what that means is pretty much all The US bases that are dotted in this region in any country are fair game.

到目前为止，伊朗已在巴林、阿联酋和卡塔尔发动了袭击。

There have been attacks by Iran so far in Bahrain, The UAE, and Qatar.

有导弹被发射进入约旦领空，伊朗军方总参谋部发言人称，其武装部队将给美国和以色列一个深刻的教训。

There have been missiles launched into Jordanian airspace, and the spokesman for Iran's military general staff says their armed forces will teach America and Israel a big lesson.

关于美国和以色列对伊朗的空袭，我们目前是否知道炸弹落在了哪些地方、伤亡情况以及目标是什么？

In terms of The US and Israeli strikes on Iran, do we have any sense yet of, where the bombs have fallen and the casualties and what's being targeted?

目前尚无关于今早袭击重点区域——最高领袖住所或总统府附近——的伤亡或破坏情况的消息。

Well, there's no word on casualties or damage yet in the strikes near the supreme leader's residence or the Presidential Palace that were part of the focus of these attacks this morning.

但伊朗称，伊朗南部一所女童小学遭到直接命中，据称有50多名学生遇难。

But Iran says there was a direct hit on a girl's elementary school in Southern Iran, where it says more than 50 of the students have been killed.

并且还有50多人被埋在废墟之下。

And it says another 50 plus are still buried under that rubble.

我们必须记住，斯科特，这些袭击始于伊朗新一周的工作和开学日。

We have to remember, Scott, that these attacks began at the beginning of the work and school week in Iran.

因此，许多人在学校和办公室里。

So lots of people in schools, at offices.

不过，伊朗政府认为，对伊朗的袭击将集中在首都，并已建议公民离开德黑兰及其他主要城市。

The government though believes that strikes in Iran will be focused on the capital, and it has advised citizens to leave Tehran and other major cities.

学校和大学都停课了。

It's closed schools and universities.

今天早上，在通信中断前，我们采访了两位德黑兰居民。

And this morning, we spoke to two Tehran residents before communications were cut.

他们描述了人们惊慌失措地赶回家，孩子们惊恐地从教室里涌出。

They described panicked people rushing home and terrified children pouring out of classrooms.

在过去几个月里，我们采访过的一位人士表示，她一直参与抗议，并希望政权终结。

One of the people who we've spoken to over the last few months says she's been protesting, and she has been hoping for the end of the regime.

她希望这次就是终结，但许多伊朗人也担忧随之而来的不确定性和危险。

She hopes this is it, but a lot of Iranians fear the uncertainty and the danger that would also come.

这在地区范围内是如何演变的？

And, how is this playing out across the region?

航空领域已经关闭。

Aerospace has been closed.

已有航班被取消。

There have been flights canceled.

例如，美国已建议在约旦的美国人就地避难。

The US has advised Americans, for instance, here in Jordan to shelter in place.

通常情况下，当局势紧张时，约旦人会到屋顶上观看导弹飞行，但这次感觉更加严重。

And normally, Jordanians go to the rooftops to watch missiles flying when when tensions arise like this, but this feels more serious.

特雷恩，就在昨天， literally 昨天，还有人谈论伊朗和美国之间可能达成协议。

Trane, only yesterday, literally yesterday, there was talk of a possible deal between Iran and The US.

你对未来几天有何展望？

What do you foresee in the days ahead?

这真的很难，斯科特，看不出这种情况如何能回归外交或任何接近外交的途径。

It's really hard, Scott, to see how this could return to diplomacy or anything approaching it.

就连阿曼的首席外交官——他一直是美国和伊朗之间谈判的调解人——也表示，美国和以色列的这些袭击并不符合美国的利益，也不符合全球和平的利益。

Even Oman's chief diplomat, and he's been the one mediating these talks between The US and Iran, says these attacks by The US and Israel don't serve US interests or the interests of global peace.

伊朗已呼吁安理会召开紧急会议，但尚不清楚这会带来什么实际效果。

Iran has been calling for an urgent meeting of the Security Council, but it's not clear what that would even do.

让本地区政府和民众深感担忧的是，很难想象这种情况如何能被控制住。

And one of the things that deeply worries governments and people in this region is it's hard to see how this would remain in control.

特朗普总统呼吁政权更迭，但接下来会发生什么？

President Trump is calling for regime change, but what happens next?

接下来会发生什么？

What comes next?

所有这些都如此不确定，以至于这里的人们深感担忧。

All of that is so uncertain that people here are deeply worried.

以下是简·阿腊夫和阿曼·约旦。

And here's Jane Arraf and Aman Jordan.

简，非常感谢你参与我们的节目。

Jane, thanks so much for being with us.

谢谢。

Thank you.

这就是周六，2026年2月28日的《上头条》节目。

And that's Up First for Saturday, 02/28/2026.

我是阿伊莎·罗斯科。

I'm Ayesha Roscoe.

我是斯科特·西蒙。

And I'm Scott Simon.

安迪·克雷格制作了今天的播客。

Andy Craig produced today's podcast.

我们的编辑是安德鲁·苏斯曼、塔拉·尼尔、马丁·帕蒂斯和梅丽莎·格雷。

Our editors are Andrew Sussman, Tara Neal, Martin Patience, and Melissa Gray.

我们的导演是迈克尔·拉特克利夫。

Our director is Michael Ratcliffe.

我们的技术总监是大卫·格林伯格，技术支持来自西蒙·拉斯洛·詹森、佐伊·范肯霍文和杰·西兹。

Our technical director is David Greenberg with engineering support from Simon Laszlo Jansen, Zoe Vankenhoven, and Jay Sizz.

香农·罗兹是我们高级主管编辑。

Shannon Rhodes is our senior supervising editor.

我们的执行制片人是埃维·斯通，吉姆·凯恩是我们副主编。

Our executive producer is Evie Stone, and Jim Cain is our deputy managing editor.

今天我们将继续在pr.org和广播上关注中东的最新进展。

We will continue following developments in The Middle East today on pr.org and on the radio.

您可以在 stations.npr.org 找到您当地的广播电台。

You can find your local station at stations.npr.org.

感谢您的收听。

Thank you for being with us.

想在没有广告中断的情况下收听这个播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可以通过亚马逊音乐免费收听《Up First》，或者您也可以通过访问 plus.npr.org 支持NPR的重要新闻报道，获取《Up First Plus》。

Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

网址是 plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.

您最喜欢的NPR播客还能怎么更好呢？

How could your favorite NPR podcast get any better?

如果它能提供额外内容，比如更长的访谈和零广告中断，会怎么样？

Well, what if it had bonus features such as extended interviews and zero sponsor breaks?

有一个非常简单的方法，能把这个幻想变成现实。

There is a remarkably easy way to turn that fantasy into reality.

它叫做NPR Plus。

It's called NPR Plus.

您在支持制作这些节目的团队的同时，还能享受超过25个NPR播客的专属福利。

You get perks across more than 25 NPR podcasts while supporting the teams that make them.

访问 +.npr.org，让优秀的播客变得更出色。

Make great podcasts even greater by visiting +.npr.org.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

This is Ira Glass.

在《This American Life》中，我们寻找那些令人惊讶、别处听不到的故事。

On This American Life, we look for stories that are surprising that you won't hear anywhere else.

比如，这位去过月球的宇航员。

Like, for example, this one astronaut who went to the moon.

你知道他对什么不感兴趣吗？

You know what he's not into?

太空。

Space.

在失重状态下漂浮感觉怎么样？

Was it cool to float around weightless?

不。

No.

不。

No.

不。

No.

这是《美国生活》，意想不到的故事，无论你在哪儿听播客都能找到。

This is American Life, unexpected stories, wherever you get your podcasts.