海琴世界上的生命、星际碎片与暗物质调查

嗯

Mhmm.

我其实真的尝试过给我们找一个真正的赞助商，一个实实在在的赞助商。

I did actually try to get us an actual sponsor, like a real actual sponsor.

你是说之前这些都不是真的赞助商吗？

You mean all of these others haven't been?

什么？

What?

开玩笑的。

Psych.

那谁一直在给我付钱？

Who's been paying me?

该死的过去十一年。

Fucking the last eleven years.

我都记不清我们接赞助多久了。

I don't know how long we've been doing sponsors.

不是从一开始就有的。

Not since the beginning.

我不知道。

I don't know.

不。

No.

我们得查查。

We'll have to look.

过去这么多年，猜怎么着？

For the last many years, guess what?

没有。

No.

这些赞助商都是假的。

These sponsors are fake.

不。

No.

他们不是假的。

They're not.

他们是真实的赞助商。

They're real sponsors.

他们是真实的赞助商。

They're real sponsors.

附带货币价值的。

Come with monetary value attached.

他们并不提供实际的

They do not provide actual

但他们是真实的赞助商。

But they're real sponsors.

钱。

Money.

我其实没打算从另一个那里拿钱，但本来应该是

I wasn't actually gonna get money from this other one, but it would have been

一个有趣的

A fun

一个口头参与式的赞助信息在节目中播出。

an a a a a spoken participatory sponsored message on the show.

好吧。

Alright.

嗯，也许下次吧。

Well, maybe next time.

也许下次吧。

Maybe next time.

我双手合十祈祷，但希望正逐渐消退。

My fingers are crossed, but my hopes are flagging.

是啊。

Yeah.

就像之前麦克风倒下的那一刻。

Just like when the microphone fell over earlier.

嗯。

Yeah.

有

Are

太空新闻更新吗？

there space news updates?

我想是的。

I think so.

好的。

Okay.

那我们继续吧。

Well, let's move on then.

收到。

Check.

是的。

Yeah.

有哪些太空新闻更新？

What space news updates are there?

宇航员们回来了。

Astronauts came back.

我想那是我们上次录制之后的事。

Think that was since the last time we recorded.

是的。

Yeah.

我记得我们录制时他们正在溅落返回。

I think they were splashing down as we were recording.

对。

Yeah.

布奇和桑尼。

Butch and Sunny.

布奇和桑尼让那个提到的人用了她的名字。

Butch and Sunny made the said guy her name.

另外两个人。

Two other people.

错误地称为苏尼。

Incorrectly as Sunni.

是的。

Yeah.

是桑尼。

It's Sunny.

对。

Yeah.

那是简称。

That's short.

但这是苏尼塔的简称。

But it is short for Sunita.

没错。

Right.

所以我明白为什么会这样

So I can see how that would

可以原谅的错误。

Forgive forgivable mistake.

是的。

Yeah.

他们回来了，还有另外两个人也回来了

They came back as as did two other people

嗯。

Mhmm.

那些名字就不提了。

Who shall remain nameless.

因为我们不记得他们的名字了。

Because we don't remember their names.

我得查一下。

I'd have to look up.

抱歉。

Sorry.

欢迎回家。

Welcome home.

一些宇航员。

Some astronauts.

欢迎布奇和桑尼回家。

Welcome home to Butch and Sunny.

耶。

Yay.

耶。

Yay.

到现在这个阶段，发射什么的都成了家常便饭，发射啊，小菜一碟。

There have been it's like, at this point, launches, whatever, launches, schmages.

嗯，就在昨天，我记得有个挺有意思的——SpaceX发射了一颗NREL卫星，是侦察办公室的卫星。

There was well, there was just last yesterday, I think, there was an interesting so there was a SpaceX launch, but it was a NREL satellite, the reconnaissance office satellite.

它好像越过了第二阶段，我猜是在欧洲附近。

And it, like, went over the second stage, I guess, was somewhere near Europe.

因为车辆释放的冷冻燃料

Because the the frozen fuel from the vehicle

哦，对。

Oh, right.

是啊。

Yeah.

在天空中形成了螺旋状的展示，大家都惊呆了。

Let out this, like, spiral display in the sky, and everybody was freaking out.

没错。

Yeah.

是外星人吗？

Is it aliens?

对。

Right.

是啊。

Yeah.

只是SpaceX而已。

It's just SpaceX.

这就是新答案。

That's the new answer.

没错。

Yeah.

几乎不可能是外星人。

It's almost never aliens.

天上出现螺旋状的东西，多半是SpaceX的火箭。

Something spiraling in the sky, it's probably a SpaceX rocket.

某种看起来像爆炸的模糊玩意儿。

Something something various vaguely explody looking.

对。

Yeah.

是啊。

Yeah.

对。

Yeah.

我不清楚它为什么螺旋飞行，但它本不该那样做的。

Don't I know why it was spiraling, but Was it it wasn't supposed to do that.

我不知道。

I don't know.

我不知道。

I don't know.

那不是，那是第二级火箭，它们通常不会被回收。

It wasn't like, it was a second stage that, like, wasn't like, they're they're not recovered.

没错。

Yeah.

通常它们最终会返回并烧毁。

Usually, they come back eventually and burn up.

是的。

Yeah.

但我不知道为什么那个在排气时会这样。

But I don't know why that one, as it was venting.

我猜它在排气时还在旋转。

I guess it was rotating as it was venting.

很难防止物体翻滚。

It's hard to keep things from not tumbling.

好的。

Okay.

所以一般来说，物体倾向于

So generally things like to

就像小孩和火箭，对吧。

Toddlers, rockets Right.

喜欢翻滚。

Love to tumble.

是的。

Yeah.

对。

Yep.

对。

Yep.

对。

Yep.

除非你主动采取稳定措施。

Unless you're doing something active to stabilize them.

它们往往会失控。

They tend to go out of control that way.

吉姆。

Jim.

是啊。

Yeah.

吉米尼。

Jiminy.

上次上次，我们有个你擅长的冷知识环节。

Last time last time, we had a trivia up your alley.

这次我们不会有了。

This time, we will not.

我想作为补偿，不如我们先聊聊宇宙学，然后再

I figured in compensation for that, why don't we talk about cosmology first before we

讨论播客？

talk about podcast?

在我们讨论行星之前。

Before we talk about planets.

宇宙学有什么好聊的？

What about cosmology?

也许这不算宇宙学范畴？或者只是边缘相关？

Maybe it's isn't is it cosmological, or it's maybe only peripherally cosmological?

是的。

Yeah.

没错。

Yeah.

这确实与宇宙学相关，因为

It's it's, it's cosmological because

所以这是关于欧几里得任务的。

so so this is about the Euclid mission.

这只是一个名称。

Which is just a name.

它不是缩写词。

It's not an acronym.

我喜欢这个。

Love that.

太好了。

Yay.

我太喜欢这个了。

I love that.

是啊。

Yeah.

我是说，欧几里得，你不会因为欧几里得惹上麻烦，毕竟我们对他们一无所知。

I mean, Euclid You're not in trouble with Euclid because, you know, we know nothing about them anyway.

而且我喜欢给事物命名

And I like I like naming things

抱歉。

I'm sorry.

我们会惹上什么麻烦呢？因为事后可能会发现他其实是那样的人，或者类似的情况。

What kind of trouble would we get into because we would find out after the fact that maybe he was like That's why was like, or something like that.

是啊。

Yeah.

对啊。

Yeah.

是啊。

Yeah.

但你不会因为欧几里得惹上麻烦，因为我觉得我们对欧几里得的真实生活几乎一无所知，或者类似的事情。

But you're not gonna get in trouble with Euclid because I think we know almost nothing about Euclid's actual life or anything like Oh,

呃，这可不太好。

well, that's not good.

我是说，那都是很久以前的事了。

I mean, it was a long time ago.

哦，天啊。

Oh, god.

是的。

Yeah.

那是

It was

比如从三...会有什么被揭露出来呢。

like from three what's gonna be uncovered.

而且，你知道，我也不清楚。

And, you know, I don't know.

总之，是的。

Anyway Yeah.

当然，欧几里得被认为是几何学之父，这是我们普遍认同的。

And of course, Euclid was is the father of geometry, you know, is what we we think of him as.

真是充满争议啊。

So controversial.

它有一个庞大的家族谱系。

It's got a big family tree.

没错。

Right.

这是欧洲航天局的一项名为'欧几里得'的任务，旨在研究宇宙的大尺度结构，就像盖亚任务对银河系局部进行测绘那样。

This is a a European Space Agency mission, Euclid, that is kind of doing for large scale structure of the universe what Gaia was doing for the local galaxy that is just kind of mapping.

它想要绘制出一切。

It wants to map everything out.

你知道吗？

You know?

它本质上就是一个大型广角相机，将要观测无数星系，数百万个星系，确定它们的位置并测量其红移，这能大致告诉我们它们距离我们有多远。

It wants to it it's just a big wide field camera that is gonna look at lots and lots and lots of galaxy, millions of galaxies, and find out where they are and measure their redshifts, which tells us roughly how far away they are.

所以某种程度上是在三维空间中绘制所有物质的位置分布图。

So kind of mapping out in three-dimensional space where all the stuff is.

其中一些星系将会被乔希最爱的引力透镜现象所扭曲。

And using some of those galaxies are gonna be warped by Josh's favorite phenomenon of gravitational lensing.

是啊。

Yeah.

哇哦。

Woah.

而这将帮助我们了解介于我们之间的物质。

And that will tell us about stuff in between us.

没错。

Yeah.

以前能够去，我以前能够

Used to be able to go I used to be able to

去，我以前能发出欢呼声，但我已经失去了高音区。

go I used to be able to make whoopee noises, but I've lost the upper register.

哦，不。

Oh, no.

是啊。

Yeah.

哇哦。

Woah.

哦，这就对了。

Oh, there you go.

有一点点。

A little bit there.

所以红移告诉我们距离，以及自我们的黑洞宇宙形成以来已经过了多久。

So so red shift tells us distance and how long since we since our black hole universe formed.

没错。

That's right.

没错。

That's right.

所以，是的。

So, yeah.

基本上，这里的新闻是欧几里得卫星刚刚发布了它的第一批数据。

So this so the the basically, the the the news here is that Euclid just dumped its first batch of data.

它于2023年发射升空，已经在太空中观测了一段时间，刚刚吐出了一大堆

So it launched in 2023, and it's been up there looking at the sky for a little while, and it just puked out a huge pile

它是吐出来的还是倾倒出来的？

of Did it puke it or dump it?

等等。

Hang on.

这是个重要的区别。

This is important distinction.

特别是它是不是有两面性还是什么？

Especially is it is it two faced or what?

嗯，有两面性，所以本质上是一回事。

Well, that's two faces, so it's kind of the same thing.

对。

Yeah.

没错。

Yeah.

好吧，如果它如果

Well, if it if

如果是'倾倒'出来的，那它就有两个屁股。

it dumped it, then it has two butt two butts.

而如果是

And if it's

两个屁股。

Two butts.

吐出来，它就有两张脸。

Puked it, it has two faces.

嗯，如果它吐了，至少有一个屁股。

Well, it has at least one butt if it dumped.

是啊。

Yeah.

确实如此。

That's true.

他说，我不

Well, he said, I don't

知道它是吐了还是怎么的，总之

know if it did a puke it or did it Anyway,

我们有很多欧几里得数据。

we have a lot of Euclid data.

播客。

Podcast.

欧几里得数据。

Euclid data.

播客。

Podcast.

除了开始绘制宇宙地图的项目外，它还

And in addition to beginning the project of mapping out the universe, it also

我就喜欢这是你的项目。

I just love that that's your project.

哦，你在忙什么呢？

Oh, what are you working on?

我在绘制宇宙地图。

I'm mapping the universe.

绘制整个宇宙，没错。

Mapping the entire yeah.

是啊。

Yeah.

你懂的 你懂的。

You know You know.

小菜一碟。

Casual.

常规操作。

As one does.

数据量很大。

It's a lot of data.

我光是画个家里的地图就要花很长时间。

Takes me a long time just to just to make a map of my house.

是啊。

Yeah.

对啊。

Yeah.

嗯。

Yeah.

这太荒谬了

It's a ludic

我是说，我是说，这不是

I mean, I mean, it's not

它本意并非要绘制宇宙的每一寸，但即便是绘制一小部分也很困难，因为宇宙实在太大了。

it's not intended to map out every bit of the universe, but, like, even mapping out some tiny segment is tough because the universe is freaking huge.

是啊。

Yeah.

但他们发现了大约五十万个具有这种引力扭曲特征的星系。

But they found something like half a million galaxies that had this gravitational warping signature.

哦。

Oh.

所以这...这很棒。

So what Which is great.

他们怎么

How do they

去寻找。

to find.

他们如何识别这是引力作用下的特征？

How do they identify that it's gravitationally this what is that signature?

是不是像

Is it like

嗯，

Well,

它非常显著，后面跟着一些...你知道引力扭曲特征看起来像什么吗？

it's really prominent j followed by some you know, what does the gravitational warping signature look like?

简单来说，你可能会看到星系的多个版本，或者星系形状被扭曲成一种通常不会见到的形态。

Well, it just so you might see more than one version of the galaxy, or you might just see the galaxy shape be warped into a, you know, a shape that you would typically not see.

对。

Right.

我是说，我们都见过那些引力透镜效应下的星系照片。

Well, I mean, we've all seen those photos of gravitationally lensed galaxies.

对。

Right.

而且种类繁多。

And there's a variety of them.

我只是好奇，他们有没有自动化的技术手段？

I'm just wondering, did they have an automated technique?

我认为他们采用的方法是一种结合体——既运用了人工智能等技术，又通过人工进行编程训练。

So I think what they I think what they're doing is it's it's kind of a combination of so they're using, you know, AI and whatever to do this, but they're programming that with people.

所以他们其实是在进行众包。

So there's they're crowdsourcing.

他们把海量星系图像分发给大众，让人们寻找看起来异常的星系。

They send out images of a zillion galaxies to people, and they say, look for galaxies that look funny.

没错。

Right.

这些反馈数据能帮助他们的模型在未来更好地识别目标特征。

And then that tells that helps, you know, their their model figure out what are the things to pick out in the future.

所以完全靠肉眼或其他方式来做的话，工作量会大得太多太多

So doing it all by by eye or whatever would just be way way take way too way too

好的

Okay.

但他们在这里做的是一种公民科学项目吗？

But they are doing sort of a citizen science thing here on these?

对

Right.

是的

Yeah.

是的

Yeah.

是的

Yeah.

好的

Okay.

这很酷。

That's cool.

嗯。

Mhmm.

这很酷。

Which is cool.

是啊。

Yeah.

所以是的。

So yeah.

所以这是开始。

So this is this is the beginning.

你知道，这个任务应该持续多年。

You know, this this mission should be years.

他们会多次测绘天空的同一区域以及许多不同区域。

They'll they'll map out the same part of the sky multiple times and many parts of the sky.

最终，我们不仅能清晰地观测到星系的分布（这正是他们拍摄的目标），还能通过光线扭曲现象研究暗物质的存在，你知道的，

And at the end of it, we should have this really nice look at not only the distribution of the galaxies, which is the thing they're taking the pictures of, but also of the dark matter that is warping the light as the you know,

吉姆，他们是怎么拍摄暗物质的照片的？

the How are they taking pictures of dark matter, Jim?

他们并没有直接拍摄暗物质。

They're not taking pictures of dark matter.

你看，导致那些星系光线扭曲的正是暗物质。

They're looking you know, the things that doing the warping of those galaxies is the dark matter.

物质。

Matter.

尽管看不见暗物质，但通过它对后方星系光线的扭曲效应，就能定位它的存在。

Figure out where the dark matter is even though you can't see it because it's warping the light from the galaxies behind it.

酷。

Cool.

所以这个

So this

这是首次大规模尝试做这件事。

is this is the first, like, large scale attempt to do that.

你可以，是的。

You can Yeah.

有趣的是，它既在进行大规模测绘，又设有三个深空区域，会长时间进行非常深入的观测。

And it's interesting because it's doing, like, large scale map, but it also has, like, three deep field areas that it's gonna, like, just roll look really, really hard for a long time at.

对。

Right.

你刚才说他们发现了50万个被引力透镜效应影响的星系吗？

Did you say that they found a half a million galaxies that are gravitationally, lensed?

是的。

Yes.

除非我记错了数字，但这是我看到的数字。

Unless I screwed up that number, but that's that's what I thought I saw.

那么这个数字占他们观测到的星系总数的百分之多少呢？

And and that's what percentage of the total number that they've looked at is that?

没关系。

That's okay.

我完全错了。

I'm totally wrong.

是啊。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

酷。

Cool.

我以前也犯过错。

I've been I've been wrong before.

500个候选目标。

500 candidates.

500个候选目标，是的。

500 candidates Yeah.

目前从38万个星系中筛选出来的。

Out of 380,000 galaxies so far.

我有点超前了，因为最终他们要观测的星系数量将达到数百万个。

I'm getting ahead of myself because, like, in the in the end, there's gonna be millions of galaxies that they're looking at.

不过确实。

But sure.

等我们登陆火星时，肯定会有更多发现。

By the time we land on Mars, there'll be Right.

没错。

Right.

对。

Right.

抱歉刚才跑题了。

Sorry about that.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

所以目前他们已经观测了大约五十万个星系，其中约1%出现了引力透镜效应。

So right now, they've looked at about a half a million, and they're seeing gravitational lensing in about 1% of them.

对。

Right.

好的。

Okay.

没错。

Right.

等等。

Wait.

这是否意味着只有大约1%的区域存在暗物质？

Does that mean that there's only dark matter in about 1%?

因为那并不

Because that doesn't

意味着不是。

mean No.

暗物质是

Dark matter is

位于你与星系之间的。

in between you and the galaxy.

那个遥远星系中的。

Of the galaxy that's off in the distance.

明白了。

Gotcha.

好的。

Okay.

所以这并不是那些遥远星系内部的暗物质。

So this isn't dark matter that's within those distant galaxies.

正确。

Correct.

它位于中间，它位于中间

It's in between It's in between

我们与被观测物体之间。

us and the thing that's seen.

酷。

Cool.

对吧？

Right?

好的。

Okay.

这样更合理

That makes more

有道理。

sense.

是的。

Yeah.

当然，你知道，我们确实在星系中观测到暗物质，但这次研究的目的不在于此。

Of course, you know, we, you know, we we do see dark matter in galaxies, but this isn't to look for that.

这是说，更多的暗物质存在于星系之间，但这部分很难被发现。嗯。

This is this is the much more of the dark matter is in between galaxies, but that's hard to find Mhmm.

因为

Because

但我的意思是，如果暗物质在宇宙中是均匀平滑分布的，就不会出现这种现象。

But I mean, that so you you wouldn't have this if dark matter were, like, uniformly smoothly distributed across the universe.

这种现象的发生是因为暗物质存在团块结构。

Is happening because there's clumps of it.

没错。

Right.

而那些暗物质团块与可见物质团块相伴相随。

And those clumps go with clumps of light matter.

对吧？

Right?

重子物质通常如此。

Baryonic They often do.

是的。

Yeah.

没错。

Yeah.

对。

Yeah.

嗯。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

我是说，你在宇宙中看到的这些巨大物质纤维，主要是由暗物质构成的纤维，但其中嵌入了

I mean, these big filaments of stuff you see in the universe are filaments largely of dark matter, but embedded in that is

我们的星系和其他天体。

our galaxies and things.

对。

Yeah.

对。

Yeah.

没错。

Right.

对。

Yeah.

那么我的下一个问题是，当你在某个方向观测深邃宇宙时看到一堆物质，你大致可以估算出在我和背景之间有多少东西存在。

And so my my next question then is, knowing, like, when you look out into the deep universe in some direction and you see a bunch of stuff, you can kind of estimate how many things are between me and whatever is behind.

就像，你应该能够粗略估计出预期会看到多少次星系因引力透镜效应而被观测到。

Like, you know, you should be able to sort of roughly estimate how many times you would expect to see a galaxy gravitationally lensed.

他们在这里看到的1%或其他比例是否符合他们的预期？

And is 1% or whatever they're seeing here sort of in line with what they're expecting?

比如，在这最初的38万个中，他们是否在想‘哎呀’？

Like, out of these first 380,000, are they think, oh, gee.

这比我们预想的多还是少？还是说我们已经找全了，现在要开始研究下50万个星系了？

That's more than we thought or fewer than we thought or we found them all, and now we're on to the next half a million galaxies.

我认为这大致符合我们的预期。

I I think that's roughly in line what we would expect.

我的意思是，关于物质总量和结构形态，目前应该没有出现什么大的意外。

I mean, I don't think there have been big surprises about the amount of stuff and what the structure looks like.

好的。

Okay.

那么怎么...

So how

这已经够令人兴奋了，因为这个比例相当小对吧，1%左右，这意味着要通过逐个观察星系来发现它们——这通常是我们的研究方法。

how exciting just because it's so like, that percentage is fairly small, right, 1% or something, that means that finding them just by, like, looking at one galaxy at a time, which is typically how you do things.

对吧？

Right?

没错。

Right.

我观察这个和那个。

I look at this one and that.

要找到任何合理数量都需要很长时间。

It takes forever to find any reasonable number.

好的。

Okay.

所以这种大规模巡天的方式将会

So the sort of mass survey aspect of things is gonna

是的。

Yeah.

这将改变游戏规则。

It's gonna change the game.

在未来几年左右的时间里。

Over the over the next, several years or something.

是的。

Yeah.

对。

Yep.

好的。

Okay.

没错。

Yep.

酷。

Cool.

奥黛丽

Audrey

嗯。

Mhmm.

现在稍微靠近家一点。

Moving now a little bit closer to home.

稍微。

Slightly.

是的。

Yes.

嗯。

Mhmm.

你有个关于半人马座阿尔法星的有趣故事。

You had an interesting story about Alpha Centauri.

是啊。

Yeah.

所以

So

哦，那太近了。

Oh, that's so close.

我知道。

I know.

太近了。

So close.

是半人马座。

It's centauri.

不是这么说的。

That's not the way to say that.

所以

So

它几乎和比邻星一样近。

It's almost as close as Proxima Centauri.

这就对了。

There we go.

这样才对。

That works.

所以未来几年将会有几台望远镜问世，它们会进行更多的测绘工作。

So the there's gonna be a couple of telescopes coming out in the near future that are gonna do a lot more mapping.

其中一项任务就是测绘大量的小行星，对吧。

And one of the things is mapping a whole bunch of, asteroids Right.

包括近地空间和主小行星带中的天体。

In near Earth space and in the main asteroid belt.

我们的设想是，通过频繁的全天测绘，将能发现更多类似奥陌陌和鲍里索夫这样的星际天体。

And the idea is that with a whole bunch of very frequent all sky maps, we'll be able to detect more interstellar objects like, Almuamua and, Borisov.

这两个是目前已知的，对吧。

Those are two Right.

仅有的两个我们掌握的星际天体。

The only two interstellar objects that we have.

除了某些尘埃之外，除了某些尘埃之外。

Aside from some dust Aside from some by dust.

比如尤利西斯号、卡西尼号和伽利略号上的各种尘埃探测器。

Various dust detectors on things like Ulysses and Cassini and Galileo.

哦，好的。

Oh, okay.

是的。

Yeah.

所以关于我们预期会发现多少星际物体，还存在一些问题。

So there are, there's questions about how many interstellar objects should we expect.

比如，小行星类型的天体。

Like, asteroidal type things.

小行星。

Asteroidal.

更大的。

Larger.

对，没错。

Like yeah.

我...我不太确定具体想要什么

I I don't know exactly what want

撞击我们。

to hit us.

是的。

Yeah.

那些我们不想被撞击的东西，但

Things that we don't want to hit us, but that

我们希望能靠近一些，这样我们就能观察它。

we would love to get, like, kinda close to us so that we can look at it.

这可能是个不错的对象，

This could be a good object for

高尔夫。

golf.

高尔夫？

Golf?

我们管它叫什么来着？

What did we call it?

折叠

Fold.

折叠

Fold.

折叠

Fold.

折叠

Fold.

哦，对

Oh, yeah.

用来折叠的

For folding.

我们不打高尔夫

Well, we don't Golf.

我们不清楚奥陌陌或鲍里索夫彗星的确切来源，但看起来像是来自半人马座阿尔法星

We don't know exactly where Oumuamua or Borisov came from, but it looks like Alpha Centauri yeah.

太空。

Space.

它们并非来自半人马座阿尔法星，但似乎有大量类似小行星和彗星的天体可能源自那里。

It they don't come from Alpha Centauri, but it seems as though lots of asteroids and comet like objects can come from Alpha Centauri.

这是一个三合星系统，因此动力学上不稳定，会像文章中比喻的湿狗一样抛洒物质。

It's a triple system, so dynamically unstable and will shed material like a wet dog was the analogy given in the article.

就像湿狗甩动身体那样。

So as a wet dog shakes Shakes.

一只沾满泥水的湿狗甩动时，会把泥浆、水渍和各种东西甩向四面八方。

Mud a muddy wet dog shakes mud, it's gonna fling mud and water and whatever in every single direction.

半人马座阿尔法星正以这种方式抛洒大量小型天体。

And so Alpha Centauri is doing this with a whole bunch of small objects.

尽管我们无法捕获所有抛射物，因为相比这个三合星系统，我们的太阳系实在太小了

And even though we're not going to collect all of them because our solar system is really small compared to

这一切。

all this.

是的。

Yeah.

我们是个

We're a

相当小的目标。

pretty small target.

太阳系很小。

Solar system's small.

谢谢。

Thank you.

很好

Good

很好，这是个巧妙操控的方式。

good, good way to manipulate that.

是啊。

Yeah.

是啊。

Yeah.

当然。

Of course.

没错。

Yeah.

所以尽管我们的太阳系相对较小，但奥尔特云——这个由大量极寒天体组成、位于太阳系最外层的球状壳层——每年可能捕获多达50个天体。

So even though our solar system is fairly small, it seems as though the Oort cloud, which is the outermost spherical shell of the solar system made up of a whole bunch of very, very cold objects, could potentially collect up to 50 objects.

抱歉。

Excuse me.

保重。

Bless you.

每年50个天体

50 objects a year

好的。

Okay.

来自半人马座阿尔法星。

From Alpha Centauri.

这些并非我们必然能够探测到的天体

These aren't objects that we would necessarily be able to detect

是的。

Yeah.

因为它们非常微小。

Because they're very small.

它们中的大多数

And most of them

非常小，意思是

Very small, meaning

非常小。

Very small.

就像，它们只有小行星那么大。

Like, they're asteroid sized.

好的。

Okay.

那确实很小。

That's pretty small.

对。

Yeah.

所以我们有时会讨论奥尔特云从这里的位置。

So sometimes we talk about the location of the Oort cloud from here.

但我觉得，你知道，在天文学里'非常小'可以指从尘埃颗粒到行星大小的任何东西。

But I'm just like, you know, very small in astronomy can mean anything from a dust particle to, like, a planet.

是啊。

Yeah.

这很合理。

That's fair.

确实如此。

That is very true.

这些可能是黑洞。

These are maybe black hole.

嗯。

Mhmm.

这些属于小行星大小的范围。

These are in the range of sizes of asteroid type things.

是的。

Yeah.

每年50次，持续十亿年的话，让我算算50次。嗯。

50 per year for, you know, a billion years is let me do 50 Mhmm.

一。

One.

500亿。

50,000,000,000.

当然。

Sure.

哇。

Wow.

心算不错嘛。

Some good head math.

所以这仍然是个微小的

So which is still a tiny

零头。

fraction.

相信吧。

Believe it.

挣扎的过程。

The struggling.

当然。

Sure.

居然有这么多。

That it's that many.

太多了。

Too many.

是啊。

Yeah.

看起来太多了。

Seems too many.

确实看起来很多。

It does seem to be a lot.

有没有

Is there

这似乎意味着来自那里的总通量超出了太阳系中合理存在的星子数量。

Like, that would imply a total flux coming from that that seems beyond the reasonable number of planetesimals that you would have in a solar system.

那么，奥尔特云中的星体数量是多少？

But Well, what's the population in the Oort Cloud?

我的意思是，比那要大得多。

My it's, much bigger than that.

是的。

Yeah.

但我的问题是，当你提到捕获或进入时

But my question is when you say captured or entering

进入。

Enter.

不是捕获。

Not captured.

只是

Just

经过。

passing through.

它们大多数都会直接穿过去。

Most of them are just gonna pass right on through.

所以在这个情景中，奥尔特云，吉姆，只是天空中的一个点对吧。

So the Oort cloud in this scenario, Jim, is just a spot on the sky Right.

这些东西只是穿行而过。

That these things pass through.

嗯哼。

Mhmm.

所以它们实际上不太可能与内太阳系产生任何相互作用

So they're not actually gonna unlikely to have any interaction with the inner solar

完全不会。

system at all.

是啊。

Yeah.

但50这个数字还是相当高的。

But still, 50 is pretty high.

这依然...依然是个很大的数字，不过

It's still it's still a lot, but that

这确实稍微有点帮助。

does help a little bit.