为什么大家都在使用肽？

现在去给自己找个完美的夏日小窝吧。

Now go get yourself the perfect summer lair.

这里只是提醒一下，你不必是运动员才能拥有好教练。

This is just a quick reminder that you don't have to be an athlete to have a great coach.

Microcosm Coaching 为各个水平的人提供服务，真的是各个水平。

Microcosm Coaching works with people at every level, and I mean every level.

从完全的新手，到伤病恢复的人，到为第一个五公里训练的人，到第十个一百英里，第三个马拉松，或者只是想多动动又不讨厌运动的人。

From total beginners, people coming back from injury, people training for their first five k, their tenth 100 miler, their third marathon, or people who just want to move more without hating it.

每个人都值得有人在背后支持，而不是一个不知道你这一周过得很糟糕的应用程序生成的训练计划。

Everyone deserves someone in their corner, not a training plan generated by an app that doesn't know that you've had a rough week.

一个真实的人，会看你整个生活、你的压力、你的睡眠、你的目标，然后为你量身定制。

An actual living human who looks at your whole life, your stress, your sleep, your goals, and builds something that fits you.

这就是 Microcosm 做的事情。

That's what Microcosm does.

全面的、以人为本的教练服务，完全从你当前的状态出发。

Holistic, human centered coaching that meets you exactly where you are.

没有门槛，没有最低配速要求，只有贴心的人性化支持。

No prerequisites, no minimum pace, just amazing human support.

所以，如果你一直

So if you've

在等一个理由来认真对待自己的目标，这就是那个理由。

been waiting for permission to take your own goals seriously, this is it.

去 microcosmcoaching.com 预约免费咨询电话。

Book a free consultation call at microcosmcoaching.com.

网址是 microcosmcoachingmicrocosmcoaching.com。

That's microcosmcoachingmicrocosmcoaching.com.

或者发邮件到 microcosmcoachinggmail dot com。

Or shoot us an email at microcosmcoachinggmail dot com.

你可以和真人预约免费咨询，完全无压力。

You can book a free consultation call with a real human and zero pressure.

去找一个支持你的人吧。

Go get someone in your corner.

我觉得这个话题之所以这么有意思，是因为确实有一些靠谱的科学依据。

I think what makes this topic so interesting is there's genuinely some good science.

这不是乔·罗根随便编出来给大家看的东西。

It's not just something that Joe Rogan invented and kind of put out there for everyone to see.

对。

Yes.

是的。

Yeah.

我的意思是，我觉得这正是它这么有意思的原因——不是那种十五秒就能辟谣、然后我们早早收工去喝一杯的事，虽然我倒是挺想的。

I mean, I think that is what makes this so so interesting is that it's not just like a fifteen second debunk that we end the episode early and go to happy hour as much as I would love to.

所以，我想先从一个叫彭吉斯·科恩的研究者说起，他是一位老年学家，就是研究衰老的科学家，在南加州大学工作。

So, I think I wanna start with a researcher named Penjis Cohen who is a gerontologist which is just a scientist who studies aging who works at USC.

回到人类基因组首次被解码的时候，大概是2004年吧。那时候你拿着摩托罗拉的刀锋手机，穿着艾德·哈迪的牛仔裤，戴着一顶全新的冯·达奇帽子，在商场门口等你妈来接你，而人类基因组正在慢慢被解码，我当时上四年级，完全不知道这事儿。

So, going back to the time when the human genome was first decoded around 2004, right, You have your razor cell phone, you're wearing Ed Hardy jeans, you have a brand new Von Dutch hat and you're just waiting on your mom to pick you up at the local mall while the human genome is being slowly decoded unbeknownst to me in fourth grade.

当时，科学家只发现了大约两万个编码蛋白质的基因，这比任何人预期的都要少得多，而且这些基因只占我们DNA的2%。

At the time, scientists found only 20,000 protein coding genes, is way fewer than anyone expected, and those genes only make up 2% of our DNA.

所以当时科学家们就说，哦，无所谓，剩下的98%都是垃圾。

So at the time, scientists were like, oh, whatever, the other 98% is just junk.

完事了。

Done.

垃圾化了。

Junkoated.

垃圾化了。

Junkoated.

全都算上。

To hit them all.

但结果发现，那些垃圾并不是垃圾。

But it turns out that the junk wasn't junk.

所以科恩的实验室和其他人发现，在DNA的隐秘角落，包括我们线粒体里的DNA，隐藏着编码微小蛋白质的密码，这些肽类以前没人研究过。

So Cohen's lab and others have found that in the hidden corners of the DNA, including the DNA inside our mitochondria, the code for tiny proteins, peptides that no one had studied before.

线粒体，如果你还记得的话，就是细胞里制造能量的那些小结构。

Mitochondria, if you remember, are those little structures in your cells that make the energy.

它是细胞的能量工厂，就是AP课里学的那个。

It's the powerhouse of the cell from your AP

高中。

High school.

AP生物。

AP bio.

高中生物课。

High school biology class.

对。

Right.

这个我倒记得。

That's something I'm like, well, I do remember that.

所以，只要给我个好比喻，我就永远不会忘。

So it's That is like the powerhouse is give me a good metaphor and I will never forget.

为什么我还是搞不懂克雷布斯循环，这真是个谜。

Why I can't understand the Krebs cycle, still beyond me.

我确实觉得，我特别喜欢科恩实验室的一点是，他们给东西起名字的方式特别有意思。

I do think the thing I really love about Cohen's lab is they have these amazing naming conventions.

在他们实验室有个规矩，如果你发现了一种肽，你就有权给它命名。我爸爸是研究苹果遗传学的。

So in his lab, they have a rule that if you discover a peptide, you get to name it, which is my dad is an apple geneticist.

所以每次你培育出一种新的苹果，你就有权给它起名字。

So whenever you like breed a new type of apple, you get to name an apple.

我小时候，他跟我说，佐伊，你想不想给一种苹果起个名字？

And when I was a kid, he was like, Zoey, do you wanna name an apple?

那时候我才七岁，我就说，叫“糖梅仙子”吧。

And because I was like seven, I was like, Sugar Plum Fairy.

所以真的有一种苹果是我命名的，就叫“糖梅仙子”。

So there's literally a breed of apple that I named Sugar Plum Fairy.

天哪，这也太酷了。

Oh my god, that's cool.

你从来没跟我说过这事儿。

You never told me that.

你附近的超市可买不到。

Not available at a grocery store near you.

关于“糖”的版税

The royalties on Sugar

梅仙子，哇，我

Plum Wow, Fairy I

是

are

叫“宇宙脆”的。

named Cosmic Crisp.

我喜欢这个。

I love this.

对，说实话，这名字真酷。

Yeah, I mean, honestly, that is a sick name.

哇。

Wow.

一支超棒的即兴乐队。

An incredible jam band.

所以，科恩实验室也有类似的情况，最神奇的是，在真正的同行评审科学文献里，居然有微型蛋白质的名字叫“舒莫兹”、“门施”、“马泽尔”，还有，我没开玩笑，“普茨”。

So, similar thing in Cohen's lab, the thing that is amazing is that like in the actual peer reviewed scientific literature, it contains the names of micro proteins like schmooze, mensch, mazel, and I kid you not, putz.

最出名的一个叫“莫茨”，是以希伯来语中关于面包的祝福命名的。

The most famous one, motzee, is named after the Hebrew blessing over bread.

那“金刚狼”呢？

What about wolverine?

等等，那是“栈”。

Wait, that's the stack.

那是别人起的名字，对吧？

Is that somebody Correct.

是别人给“栈”起的名字。

Somebody else naming the stack

对，没错。

of Correct.

对。

The Yeah.

就在去年，有一项研究绘制了超过3000种这些以前未知的肽的图谱，而科恩的观点是，我们的基因数量可能接近一百万，而不是我们原本以为的两万。

There was a study that came out just this last year that mapped more than 3,000 of these previously unknown peptides, and Cohen's pitch is that we might have closer to a million genes than the original 20,000 that we thought.

这差别可大了。

That's a pretty big difference.

没错，大概在一百万之间。

That's right, like somewhere between A million.

两万到一百万之间。

20,000 and a million.

哇。

Wow.

对，就像如果我告诉别人我的净资产在两万到一百万之间，他们可能会说，

Right, like if I told someone that my net worth was somewhere between $20,000 and a million, they would be like,

哇。

Wow.

你还好吗？

Are you good?

你付钱吗？

Are you paying?

你需要一个更好的会计。

You need a better accountant.

这开启了药物发现的一个真正的新时代。

And that opens up a genuinely new era of drug discovery.

但我确实觉得这个前沿领域有双刃剑的一面。

But I do think that this frontier has like a double edged component.

所以，科恩最初的发现是一种叫做人类素的肽，看起来可能对阿尔茨海默病有保护作用。

So, Cohen's actually very first discovery which is a peptide called humanin looked like it might protect against Alzheimer's.

然后，它被与乳腺癌和脑癌联系起来，所以这就是前沿生物学的样子：强大、不可预测，而且远不是你在厨房台面上能随便混合的东西，因为最初他们觉得，天哪，这有效，在动物实验中，然后，哦不，有癌症风险。

Then, it got linked to breast and brain cancers so that's what the cutting edge biology floor can look like, is powerful, unpredictable, and nowhere close to something you mix up on your kitchen counter because initially they were like, oh my god, this is working, like in these animal studies, and then, oh no, cancer risk.

你是说

You're saying

我注射的东西可能不会致癌，但也可能致癌。

that I could inject something that might not, might cause cancer.

我们会做到的。

We'll get there.

我们一定会做到的。

We will get there.

所以我觉得这真的是一个非常有趣的转折点。

So I think that that's a really interesting sort of hinge in this.

即使是研究这些的科学家，他们自己也常常说不会给自己注射，因为他们更清楚下游的风险。

Even the scientists who are working on this often are the folks that will say they will not inject themselves with it because they are more aware of the downstream risk.

我们来具体聊聊这些肽吧。

Let's get more specific with some of these peptides.

我想多听听关于MOTS-c的，就是人们用来提升能量和减肥的那种。

I wanna hear more about MOTs C, the one people take for energy and weight loss.

关于这个，科学上到底是怎么说的？

What does the actual science say about that one?

对。

Yeah.

所以这是个大事。

So this is a big one.

MOTs C 来自科恩的实验室，它是一种由线粒体DNA编码的16个氨基酸的肽。

MOTs C is from Cohen's lab and it's a 16 amino acid peptide from mitochondrial DNA.

所以人们会称它为运动模拟物，意思是它能激活一些与运动相同的细胞开关。

So people will call it an exercise mimetic which means it flips on some of the same cellular switches that exercise does.

它能激活一种叫做AMPK的主代谢酶，这是你训练时身体会启动的部分机制。

It activates a master metabolic enzyme called AMPK which is part of what your body does when you're training.

所以那个“装在瓶子里的运动”的绰号在营销上起了很大作用，在网上真的火了起来。

So that nickname basically exercise in a vial is doing a lot of marketing work and has really taken off online.

这时候看动物研究，有些数据其实挺酷的。

This is where looking at the animal studies, some of the data is actually pretty cool.

比如，喂高脂饮食的小鼠，如果给了MOTs C，它们就不会增加应有的体重，肝脏里也不会堆积脂肪。

So mice that were fed a high fat diet and given MOTs C didn't gain the weight that they should have and it didn't pile up fat in their livers.

年纪大一点的老鼠吃了这个药，寿命稍微长了一点，不过这个结果更多是趋势，还不算板上钉钉。

Older mice on it lived a little bit longer though that one's not, that one's more of a trend than a sure thing.

在一个可爱的小老鼠跑步机上，所有高剂量组的老鼠都跑到了最后的冲刺阶段，而未治疗组只有大约17%能做到。

And on a cute little mouse treadmill, every single high dose mouse hit the final sprint stage versus about seventeen percent of the untreated ones.

这个实验真是太可爱了。做完老鼠实验后，就开始了真正的人体试验。

Just such a cute experiment to Then make mice came the actual human trials.

科恩联合创办了一家公司，筹集了大约8000万美元，进行了一项小规模的人体试验，有20人参加，为期28天，参与者都是高BMI和非酒精性脂肪肝患者。

So Cohen co founded a company that raised around $80,000,000 and ran a small human trial of MOTs- C with 20 people, twenty eight days, and folks with high BMI and non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

一半人服用药物，一半人服用安慰剂。

Half got the drug, half got a placebo.

说实话，结果在那些重要的指标上，比如体重和肝脏脂肪，这些是他们最初假设的核心，表现相当平淡。

And the honest results were pretty underwhelming on the big headline stuff that that they were that was a big part of their initial hypothesis like weight and liver fat.

药物组可能稍微好一点，但差异在统计上并不显著，也就是说差异太小，很容易被归因于偶然。

The drug group maybe did a little better but it wasn't statistically significant which means the difference was small enough that it could easily be written off to chance.

一些血糖和肝脏指标确实有所改善，而且看起来相当安全。

Some blood sugar and liver markers did improve and it was seemed to be reasonably safe.

主要的抱怨是注射部位皮肤发痒。

The main complaint was the itchy skin at the injection

部位。

site.

好的。

Okay.

所以，你知道，这真的，我不是特意想从中国搞到这个。

So, you know, it's a real like, I'm not trying to go out of my way to get this from China.

你买不到他们测试的那个版本，因为那家公司最后还是倒闭了，因为当时他们测试的时候，MOTS-C 需要每天注射。

You can't buy the version that they tested because the company did end up folding because at the time they were testing it, MOTs C was something you had to inject daily.

哦。

Oh.

其他 GLP-1 类药物，比如 Ozempic，是每周一次的，而且它成了历史上最畅销的药，所以显然投资者觉得每天注射的肽类不是个好主意，所以实际研究就停在了一个小型、基本没什么结果的人体试验上。

Other GLP-1s like Ozempic are weekly and that became the best selling drug in history so obviously the investors decided a daily peptide was not the move so the actual science stopped at one small mostly null trial.

这确实意味着，现在有成千上万的人，仅凭小鼠研究和一项只有 20 人、结果不明确的试验，就在网上买 MOTS-C 来注射，所以我真的觉得大家在 MOTS-C 上有点太超前了，证据根本跟不上。

That does mean that the tens of thousands of people who are currently injecting MOTs- C off the internet on the strength of mouse studies and a single inconclusive trial in 20 people, so I really feel like people are getting out over their evidentiary skis with MOTs- C.

所以他们测试的那个版本，现在根本买不到。

So, the version that they tested too is not even available.

那人们买的，就是这种非正规市场上的东西？

So, what people are buying is just this off market thing then?

我们也不知道。

We don't know.

随便什么玩意儿？

Random thing?

对。

Yes.

好吧。

Okay.

这就是你用的那种？对。

That's what you're Yes.

因为这东西不受监管。

Because it's not regulated.

好的。

Okay.

所以，这不是他们测试过的那种东西。

So, it's not the thing they tested.

那是什么？

What is it?

我们不知道。

We don't know.

我们不知道。

We don't know.

好的。

Okay.

我们来过一遍我用的所有补剂，以及我吃了什么、吃了多少。

Let's go over my whole stack and what I'm taking and how much of it I'm taking.

先从瑞塔开始，我每次吃两毫克，分成两次，分别在周日和周三服用。

Starting off with Retta, I take two milligrams split into two doses on Sundays and Wednesdays.

然后GHKCU，我每天吃两毫克，还有SS31，接着是我们的MOTs C，然后是KPV，我每天晚上吃一毫克。

So, GHKCU, I take two milligrams every single day, SS31, and then we got our MOTs C which, next up we got our KPV, I take one milligram of this every single day at night.

CJC和Ipamorelin，我每周五天，每天晚上睡前打三百微克，休息两天。

CJC Ipamorelin, I take three hundred micrograms at night before bed, five days a week, two days off.

还有谷胱甘肽，我每周五天皮下注射一百毫克，休息两天。

We got our glutathione which I take one hundred milligrams of subcutaneously five days a week, two days off.

NAD+，我隔天打五十毫克，在我不打MOTs-C的那些天。

NAD plus which I am taking fifty milligrams of every other day on the days that I don't take my MOTs-C.

口服补充剂，我也打算开始试试这些BPC和KPV的口服补充剂。

Oral supplements, I'm also gonna start trying these BPC KPV oral supplements.

我所有的东西都是从自己的渠道采购的，你可以在我的链接树里找到所有东西，包括入门用品、指南、群聊，什么都有。

I also source everything through my own source which you can find in my link tree with literally everything, starter supplies, guides, a group me, everything.

好的，那么BPC-157。

Okay, so BPC-157.

是的。

Yes.

组合起来，那就是金刚狼组合。

In combo, it's that Wolverine stack.

我们得让你试试金刚狼组合。

We've gotta get you on the Wolverine stack.

我知道，天哪。

I know, jeez.

我更像绿灯侠女孩，不过也行。

I'm more of a Green Lantern girl, but fine.

那这个是从哪里来的，真的有效吗？

So, where is this one from and does it actually work?

因为我觉得，再说一次，这个在我们圈子里会更常听到。

Because I think, again, this is the one where we would hear about it more in our space.

对，当然。

Yeah, for sure.

所以，BP-157代表身体保护化合物157。

So, BP-one hundred fifty seven stands for Body Protection Compound 157.

那当然了。

Duh.

它是由15个氨基酸组成的合成链，最早是1993年一个克罗地亚实验室从人的胃液里分离出来的，就是那种胃里的黏糊糊的东西。

It's a synthetic chain of 15 amino acids and it was first isolated from human gastric juice like your stomach ooze by a Croatian lab in 1993.

其实人体似乎并不产生BP-157，你在我们的DNA里找不到它的编码。

Humans don't actually seem to make BP-one hundred fifty seven, you can't find it coded anywhere in our DNA.

所以大家猜测，真正产生它的可能是肠道细菌。

So the leading guess is that a gut bacteria is actually what produces it.

所以那个“你身体本来就有这种天然化合物”的说法，一旦开始深究，很快就站不住脚了。

So the whole natural compound your body already makes pitch starts to sort of fall apart, like the second you start untangling the thread.

这让我想到肠道菌群那些事儿。

This makes me think of the microbiome stuff though.

对，没错。

Yeah, yes.

就像，哇哦。

It's like, woah.

那可能是

That could be a source of

一些抗菌肽的来源。

some of the microbicides.

你在产生不同的肽。

You're producing different peptides.

完全正确，因为如果我们的微生物组不同，那么不同的人可能产生的BP-157水平也完全不同。

Exactly right, because if our microbiomes are different, people could presumably have a totally different fabricated level of BP-one hundred fifty seven.

所以这里的说法真的很大。

So the claims here are really big.

这个据说能治愈肌腱、韧带、肌肉、神经、肠道，甚至角膜，保护器官，所以

This is the one where it supposedly heals tendons, ligaments, muscle, nerves, your gut, even your corneas, protects your organs, so

你的角膜？

Your corneas?

角膜。

Corneas.

什么？

What?

我知道。

I know.

希望他们不会把它注射到角膜里，但是……

Hopefully they're not injecting that in their cornea, but

天哪。

Dear God.

所以它真的被宣传成了一种万能修复工具，而且通常会和TB-500搭配使用。

So it's really been cast as this universal repair kit and that is the one that usually gets stacked with TB-five 100.

但问题是，这种肽有一个大问题：三十多年来，在动物的一生中，从来没有一项关于BP-157在人体上的公开对照试验。

But here is the big problem with this particular peptide because in more than thirty years, in a Zoey Rome lifespan, there has never been a single published controlled trial of BP-one hundred fifty seven in humans.

哇。

Wow.

真的吗？

Really?

不太好。

Not great.

一项都没有。

Not one.

几乎所有的研究都来自那个最初持有专利的克罗地亚实验室，其他科学家直接指责该实验室及其负责人挑选对自己有利的结果。

Almost all the research comes from that original Croatian lab which holds the patents on it and other scientists have flat out accused the lab and the lab owner of cherry picking results.

一个波兰团队说得很好：科学应该通过外部验证来推进，而不是由一个团队不断自我确认。

One Polish team actually put it well, is that the science is supposed to advance through outside verification, not one group endlessly confirming itself.

那实际上没人看过这些研究，对吧？

And no one's actually seen these studies then, right?

没有。

No.

对。

Yeah.

好的。

Okay.

没有人，

No one's,

他们宣布过一些研究，比如“我们正在做这项研究”，但之后就没有下文了。

there've been ones that they announced, like, we're doing the study, and then it won't come out.

这通常不是你在有发现时会做的事情。

Which is typically not what you do when you find something.

即使你没有发现，如果你的假设是这东西有效，但结果发现它无效，你也应该发表这个结果。

And even if you don't find, if your hypothesis is like this thing works and you find it doesn't work, you should publish that.

对。

Yeah.

那是一个合理的结果。

That is a legitimate finding.

我们需要知道这一点，除非你有既得利益。

We need to know that unless you have a vested interest.

是的，完全正确。

Yeah, exactly.

在金刚狼的配方里

In the Wolverine stack

做猪呢。

making pig.

就像我说的，人体试验总是这样不了了之。

Like I said, the human trials have had this habit of vanishing.

2015年有一项安全性试验注册了。

There was a safety trial that was registered in 2015.

结果一直没公布，2016年申请也被撤了。

The results were never published and the submission got pulled in 2016.

那一年还有一项试验也一直没公开。

A separate trial that year was also never released.

这个化合物最终授权给了大型制药公司，通过葛兰素史克，听起来就像卡通公司，像是史高治·麦克老鸭那种大药企。

The compound got licensed to big pharma eventually through GlaxoSmithKline, which like that sounds like cartoon company owned by like Scrooge McBig Pharma duck.

但一直没上市。

But it was never brought to market.

所以，当一个所谓的奇迹药物一直不发表研究结果时，我觉得这种沉默本身就是一个非常重要的数据点。

So, when a supposed miracle drug keeps not getting published on, I think that that silence itself is a very important data point.

当研究人员确实研究它可能如何起作用时，这其实是一把双刃剑，因为BP-157确实似乎能提升一氧化氮，从而改善血流并减轻炎症。

When researchers do look at how it might work, it is a pretty double edged sword because BP-one hundred fifty seven does seem to boost nitric oxide which improves blood flow and calms inflammation.

但它似乎也会产生自由基，就是那些会损伤DNA和蛋白质的不稳定分子，所以这不太理想。

But it also appears to generate free radicals which are those unstable molecules that damage your DNA and proteins so that's not ideal.

它促进血管生成，也就是新血管的生长，可能通过一个在许多人类癌症中也被激活的信号通路。

It promotes angiogenesis which is the growth of new blood vessels possibly through a signal that is also switched on in a lot of human cancers.

所以，为了运动而血管生成，是好事。

So, angiogenesis for sports, good.

为了癌症生长而血管生成，那就是坏事。

Angiogenesis for cancerous growth, bad.

正如一位生物学家所说，你不想在身体里随便乱长新血管，这话说得挺有道理。

As one biologist put it, you don't want to just randomly grow new blood vessels in your body, which like, vibes.

对。

Yeah.

所以我们最直接的测试来自加州大学戴维斯分校的基思·巴尔，我特别喜欢这项研究。

So the most direct test we have is from Keith Barr at UC Davis who I love this study.

他从真人身上取了活检样本，在实验室里用真实的断裂肌腱细胞培育出了真正的小型人体肌腱。

Took biopsies from actual humans and grew actual little human tendons in the lab from real ruptured tendon cells.

你和我现在作为受伤的肌腱女孩，肯定深有体会。

You and I as injured tendon girlies right now definitely feel.

然后他把这种已知的肌肉增长剂IGF-1和BP-157进行了对比。

And so he pitted this known muscle builder called IGF-one against BP-one 157.

IGF-1让肌腱明显变强了，大约增强了三分之一。

The IGF-one made the tendons measurably stronger, about a third stronger.

这些是在实验室培养皿里的小型体外肌腱。

These little in vitro in the lab, little petri dish tendons.

而BP-157什么都没做。

The BP-one 157 did nothing.

肌腱没有变差，只是什么都没发生。

The tendons didn't get worse, just nothing happened.

所以这项研究还处于早期阶段，还没发表，但我确实觉得在这场干净的正面对决中，金刚狼先生表现得很一般。

So this, the study is early and it hasn't been published yet, but I do think that in this clean head to head, Mr.

金刚狼先生的表现相当平淡。

Wolverine comes up pretty empty.

这对很多人来说挺失望的。

That's a let down for people out there.

我知道。

I know.

是的。

Yeah.

嗯，我的意思是，如果你把科学看作是想让自己支持的队伍赢，那当然，但科学不是这样的。

Well, I mean, you know, if you, if the way that you view science is I want my team to win, which is again not how science

想赢，但这是

ine to win, It's

不是纽约尼克斯队，这是科学。

not the New York Knicks, it's science.

所以你得耐心点。

So you're gonna have to hold your horses.

这里的监管简直糟糕透了。

The regulation side here is so freaking bad.

2023年，美国食品药品监督管理局把包括BP-157在内的19种肽类物质列入了禁止配制的风险名单，指出了免疫反应、胰腺炎和癌症加速生长等风险。

In 2023, the FDA put 19 peptides including BP-one hundred fifty seven on a do not compound risk flagging those risks like immune reactions, pancreatitis and faster cancer growth.

所以一些肽类诊所的应对措施是换成只差一个氨基酸的版本，然后继续使用。

So the response from some peptide clinics was to switch to a version that differs by a single amino acid and keep going.

哇。

Wow.

我们得找个漏洞。

We gotta have a loophole here.

这有点像BPA事件，人们当时就改了配方。

I mean, it's kind of like the BPA thing where people were like, changed it.

严格来说它不是BPA，现在有点像BPB了。

It's technically not B, it's like BPB now.

你们完全是在模仿体内的雌激素，但别担心。

You guys are totally It totally still mimics estrogen in the body, but don't worry about it.

别想太多。

Don't think too hard.

正如一位前FDA官员所说，等你禁了1P157，BPC-158早就出来了。

As one former FDA official described it, by the time you ban 1P157, there's already a BPC-one 158.

好的。

Okay.

咱们来聊聊夏季护肤吧，因为高温、烟雾和阳光，在外面待一天后，我的皮肤感觉就像廉价泡沫塑料，在空气炸锅里被烤得有点焦。

Let's talk summer skin care because between the heat, smoke and sun, after a big day out, my skin feels like cheap styrofoam that's been not so gently crisped in the air fryer.

Osmia小批量生产高品质成分的护肤品，现在这些产品支撑着我所有的户外活动。

Osmia makes small batch skin care with high quality ingredients and right now these products are carrying my entire outdoor life.

唇部医生系列，当我的嘴唇在户外待了几个小时后受到伤害时使用，然后是唇部修复，一款含有麦卢卡蜂蜜的夜间唇膜，让我醒来时仿佛损伤从未发生过。

The lip doctor for when my lips take a beating from the hours outside, then lip repair, an overnight lip mask with manuka honey so I wake up like the damage never even happened.

这两款产品组合在一起，就是我的嘴唇应得的修复方案。

Those two together are the recovery protocol that my lips deserve.

至于其他所有情况，还有这款Simple Face Cream，它是以芦荟为基础，专为敏感肌设计的，正是你在太阳下待了一整天后脸部最需要的。

And for everything else, there's the Simple Face Cream, which is an aloe based made for sensitive skin and exactly what your face wants after a long day in the sun.

我超爱这款产品。

I love the stuff.

我每天都用，我觉得它特别适合那些工作辛苦又可能皮肤敏感的人。

I use it every day and I think it's really great for hardworking folks that also might have sensitive skin.

说的就是我。

It me.

没有那种闻起来像2000年代中期商场烧焦味的神秘香精。

No mystery fragrances that smell like a mid aughts mall burn down.

不需要40步的护肤流程。

No 40 step routine.

就是简单的护肤，效果却和你一样给力。

Just simple skincare that works as hard as you do.

Osmia是由一位医生创立的，他厌倦了行业的那些把戏，这也正是我们所坚持的。

Osmia was founded by a physician who got tired of the industry's nonsense, which is exactly what we're about too.

去 osmiaskincare.com 看看，使用优惠码 YDS20 可以打八折。

Head to osmiaskincare.com and use code YDS20 for 20% off.

记住，Osmia，优惠码 YDS20，在 osmiaskincare.com。

That's Osmia, code YDS20 at osmiaskincare.com.

你的嘴唇会感谢你的。

Your lips will thank you.

我们回来了。

We are so back.

或者说，至少蓝莓柠檬味耐力饮料回来了，来自 Tailwind Nutrition。

Or at least blueberry lemonade endurance fuel is back from Tailwind Nutrition.

这是让你的锻炼从“完了”变成“我们回来了”的最有效方法。

This is the single biggest way to take your workout from it's so over to we are so back.

懂的人自然懂。

If you know, you know.

如果你还不懂，Tailwind 的耐力饮料就是一瓶搞定碳水和补水，而且味道超棒。

And if you don't, Tailwind's endurance fuel is carbohydrates and hydration in one bottle, and it tastes amazing.

我喝了好多好多这个，但真的完全不腻。

I have gone through an embarrassing amount of this stuff and I am absolutely not sick of it.

所以，与其带九种软糖、能量胶、冲剂、盐丸，还有你为了夏天训练能好受点而塞进包里的其他东西，不如换成Tailwind的蓝莓柠檬味耐力饮料。

So instead of packing nine kinds of chews, gels, mixes, salt pills, and whatever else you shoved into your workout to make summer training tolerable, swap it out for Tailwind's blueberry lemonade endurance fuel.

这是你夏天训练的理想全能燃料，还含电解质。

It's your perfect all in one summer fuel with electrolytes.

去tailwind.com，用优惠码YOURDIET20，首单打八折。

Head to tailwind.com and use code YOURDIET20 for 20% off your first order.

网址是Tailwind Nutrition，优惠码your diet 20，在tailwindnutrition.com。

That's Tailwind Nutrition, code your diet 20 at tailwindnutrition.com.

趁我还没把蓝莓柠檬味买光，赶紧去抢吧。

Go get the blueberry lemonade before I buy it all.

真的。

Seriously.

所以，这东西好像已经在培养皿、动物和一些人身上做过研究了，虽然可能不是特别多。

So it looks like this stuff's been studied in petri dishes, animals, and some humans, although maybe not Not that many

很多人。

a ton of humans.

那这能说明科学到底有多靠谱呢？特别是，如果我在考虑给自己注射的话，Zoey？

What does that tell us about how good the science actually is, especially if, what if I was considering injecting myself, Zoey?

Kylee，冷静点，把针放下。

Kylee, pump the bricks, Put the needle down.

因为我确实觉得这能说明很多问题，因为体外、动物、人体这三类研究并不等同。

Because I actually do think that this tells us a lot because those three in vitro, in animal, in human are not equal.

而且几乎所有那些令人兴奋、被大肆吹捧的肽类宣称，都建立在比较弱的两个研究上。

And almost all of the exciting much hyped peptide claims live on the two weaker ones.

所以我会把它想成一个证据阶梯，每一级代表研究在多大程度上接近真实的Kylee。

So I would think of it as like an evidentiary ladder where each rung is how much the study actually resembles a Kylee in the wild.

最底下一级是体外研究，也就是在玻璃器皿里，比如培养皿里的细胞，这便宜又快速，但也是最不像活生生的人体的。

So that bottom rung is in vitro which means in glass, so like cells in a petri dish which is cheap, fast, but also the least like a living human body.

我个人可不觉得自己是一小碗里的细胞团。

Personally do not identify as a cluster of cells in a tiny bowl.

所以，在培养皿里有效，算是一个不错的初步假设。

So it worked in a dish is like a pretty good starting hypothesis.

这肯定意味着要继续研究，但也不是说我明天就要开始尝试用它漱口。

It definitely means keep going, keep researching but again, not something I'm about to start trying to gargle tomorrow.

中间那层是体内动物实验，比如在活老鼠或大鼠身上做，这更好，因为它是真正的生物体，但也要注意，科学事实是，你不是老鼠。

So that middle rung is in vivo animal studies like in a living mouse or rat which is better because it is an actual organism but also worth noting, and this is a science fact, that you are not a mouse.

而且剂量通常是从啮齿动物身上按比例放大，其中有很多猜测成分。

And the doses usually get scaled up from rodents with a good amount of guesswork.

所以很多关于BP-157的大鼠研究，也是在手术切断肌腱或神经的情况下进行的。

So a lot of the BP-one hundred fifty seven research with rats is also with surgically cut tendons or nerves.

所以，哎，这工作真惨，得撕裂老鼠的前交叉韧带，然后给它们注射。

So also like, oh, what a bummer job to have to like tear up rats' ACLs to inject them.

对，我更喜欢跑步那个。

Yeah, I liked the running thing better

你知道，我也觉得，搞个老鼠奥运会可爱多了。

than You know, I know, having the little mouse Olympics is way cuter.

可爱多了。

Way cuter.

所以梯子的最顶端就是人体随机对照试验，也就是RCT。

So the top rung of our ladder is the human randomized controlled trial or the RCT.

随机指的是人们被随机分到药物组或安慰剂组，靠的是运气。

And what randomized means is that people get sorted into the drug group or the placebo group by chance.

对照指的是有一个安慰剂组用来做比较。

Controlled mean there's a placebo group to compare it against.

双盲指的是没人知道谁用了什么药，不管是病人还是研究人员，直到试验结束。

Double blind means nobody, not the patient, not the researcher knows who got what until the end.

这就是黄金标准。

And this is the gold standard.

对于这些肽类，你猜有多少研究属于这一类？

For these peptides, do you want to guess how many studies fall into that category?

我觉得一个都没有，对吧？

I don't think any, right?

对。

Yeah.

所以，2026年南加州大学的一篇综述调查了最流行的注射用肽，包括BPC-157、TB-500、CJC-1295，这些名字听起来都像——

So a 2026 review from USC went looking at the most popular injectable peptides including BPC-157, TB-five hundred, CJC-twelve ninety five, which like all of these sound

像——不，我是说——

like No, I'm like

《2001太空漫游》里飞船上的电脑。

The computer aboard 2,001: Space Odyssey.

听起来像是一台想害我的电脑。

This sounds like a computer that is trying to kill me.

还有Tessa Morelin、GHKCU，结果发现这些药几乎都没有可靠的人体研究证据。

Tessa Morelin, GHKCU, and found little to no solid human evidence for any of them.

这篇荟萃分析的一位作者说，他想不出还有哪种治疗方法在证据这么少的情况下还在被使用。

One of the authors of this meta analysis said that he couldn't think of another treatment with this little evidence that is being used.

而且还要注射。

And injected.

而且又是注射，尤其是补剂，我们看到人们吞下各种乱七八糟的东西，没有任何证据，但注射这件事，你得特意去把东西弄进身体里，对吧，确实值得稍微担心一下，对吧？

And injected, again, especially with supplements, we see people swallow all kinds of like gnarly stuff with no evidence, but the injecting, the fact that you have to like go out of your way to put something in your body, yeah, right, like, it is worth being a little concerned about, right?

针头可不是玩具，各位。

Like, needles is not toys, guys.

不知道为什么，我们居然还得说这种话，真是疯了。

I don't know why, crazy that we have to say that.

所以，回到你的问题，如果你明天想给自己注射，你并没有受益于成熟的科学。

So, to your question, if you were trying to inject yourself tomorrow, you are not benefiting from settled science.

你基本上就是自己当小白鼠，样本量为一。

You are basically the N of one experiment yourself.

你甚至比老鼠还不如，因为至少老鼠是在受控研究中，有人记录了它发生了什么。

You are somewhere below the mouse because at least the mouse was in a controlled study and somebody recorded what happened to it.

而且有个穿白大褂的人，不只是个派对DJ，在旁边看着。

And someone in a lab coat who wasn't just a DJ party was there to see it.

所以乔·罗根和胡伯曼也是样本量为一的实验了。

So Joe Rogan and Huberman are n of ones then.

各种混搭。

A mix, a match.

听一些轶事，

Hearing anecdotes on

在播客里讲得跟铁证似的，这就是为什么我们搞了个“个案陷阱”的提示音，就是为了提醒大家——虽然我最近在音效上用得少了——提醒大家，这不是最可靠的证据。

a pod cast as if it's undeniable data, which is like, that's why we put the N of One trap horn is to call out, which I haven't done as much lately in the sound production, but to call out, this is not the best evidence.

注意听。

Pay attention here.

因为你的大脑对轶事特别敏感，比如你听到乔·罗根用了有效，你就会觉得，那我也行。

Because your brain responds to anecdote like when you hear it worked for Joe Rogan, you're like, it'll work for me.

就好像我跟这个半退休、有点滑稽的MMA拳手差不多。

Like, I'm basically the same as this quasi retired clownish MMA fighter.

能出什么差错呢？

What could go wrong?

所以，最典型的反面教材就是佛罗里达的一个医生，他调查了自己12个膝盖疼痛的病人——当然，这也不是什么高标准的科学研究——这些病人都注射了BPC-157。

So the poster child for Bad Evidence is a doctor in Florida who surveyed, again, not a high bar for science, 12 of his own knee pain patients that he had injected with BPC-one hundred fifty seven.

12个人里有9个说几个月后疼痛有所缓解。

About nine out of the 12 said the pain was better months later.

没有对照组，也没有真正的测量工具，顶多就是问一句“从1到10，你的膝盖有多疼？”

There was no control group, no real measurement tools beyond like on a scale of one to 10, how much does your knee hurt?

而且时间本身也是个变量。

And time is a variable.

安慰剂效应也没有被控制。

The placebo effect was not controlled for.

所以这种调查在证据等级里是最底层的。

So that kind of survey is at the bottom of the evidence barrel.

但就是这种东西，经常被拿来当证据，比如“我健身房的小伙子用了有效，所以对我也会有效”。

But this is the kind of stuff that gets cited constantly as proof of like, this worked for Chad at my gym so it'll But work for

不过确实有9个人说感觉好多了。

nine of them said they felt better though.

那如果不是肽的作用，你觉得是什么原因呢？

So if it wasn't the peptide, then what are we thinking it is?

对。

Yeah.

我觉得答案就是安慰剂效应，而且我觉得讨论这个能帮我们看清它其实比人们以为的要强大得多，甚至可能更奇怪，因为我觉得“安慰剂”这个词经常被当成一种贬义，好像就是说完全没用，或者都是你脑子里想出来的。

I think the answer is the placebo effect and I think talking about it helps reveal that it's so much more powerful and potentially even weirder than people give it credit for because I think it's just a placebo gets thrown around like it's an insult or like that it means like something like totally doesn't work or it's like all in your head.

但安慰剂效应是一种真实的、可测量的改善，它来自于接受一种你大脑相信的治疗，即使这种治疗本身是惰性的，也就是说它本身不起任何作用。

But the placebo effect is a real measurable improvement that comes from getting a treatment that your brain believes in even when the treatment itself is inert which means it does nothing on its own.

这不是你在胡思乱想，疼痛确实减轻了。

It's not you imagining things, the pain genuinely drops.

身体确实有反应。

The body actually responds.

它只是对信念做出反应，而不是对药物。

It's just responding to the belief, not the drug.

而且你不再

Active And you're

那么焦虑了，所以炎症就减少了。

not stressing anymore, so that reduces inflammation.

对，就像有效成分并不是你注射的那个东西。

Right, like the active ingredient is not the thing you're injecting.

所以我觉得最有力的证明就是那个关于假膝关节手术的著名研究。

So I think the cleanest proof of this is this fascinating study in fake knee surgery.

这个研究里，有关节炎膝盖的人被分成了两组。

So there's this famous study where people with arthritic knees were split into two groups.

一组接受了真正的关节镜膝关节手术。

One group got real arthroscopic knee surgery.

另一组，这简直是噩梦般的场景，被推进手术室，打了麻醉，切开一个小口子留个疤，然后我猜医生就在那儿玩消消乐。

The other group, and this, oh my God, nightmare scenario, got wheeled in, given anesthetic, cut open just enough to leave a scar and then I guess the doctor sat in there playing Candy Crush.

哇。

Wow.

然后缝回去，推出来，里面什么都没做。

Sewed them back up, wheeled them out with nothing done inside.

但假手术组和真手术组恢复得一样好。

But the fake surgery group improved just as much as the real one.

他们只是靠一道疤痕和一个动人的故事就感觉好多了。

They felt better from a scar and a compelling story.

哇。

Wow.

是的。

Yes.

好的。

Okay.

这太不可思议了。

That's wild.

我觉得这太迷人了。

I think that is fascinating.

这太不可思议了。

That's wild.

而且还有更奇怪的。

And it gets weirder.

你越相信某种治疗很有效，它就越有效，即使它其实没什么用。

The more you believe that a treatment is powerful, the better it works even when it's a dud.

研究人员已经证明，当人们被告知安慰剂很贵时，它的效果比被告知便宜时更好，即使是同一种安慰剂。

Researchers have shown that a placebo people are told is expensive beats the exact same placebo when they're told it's cheap.

对于肽类来说，这些东西可不便宜。

Which for peptide, these things are not cheap.

当你给自己注射一种价值三百多美元的东西时，你的大脑会非常容易相信它有效。

And by the time you inject yourself with something that costs like 300 plus dollars, your brain is going to be very primed to think the shipwrecks.

效果会更好。

It's better work.

对。

Yeah.

所以价格标签实际上可以改变药物的效果，即使没有真正的药物在使用。

So the price tag can actually change the effect of the drug even if there's no actual drug being used.

这不仅仅是像那种主观的、软性的东西，比如情绪。

And this isn't just like the soft like kumbaya subjective stuff like mood.

安慰剂在帕金森病中也能产生可测量的效果，即使症状是身体上的、看得见的，因为仅仅期望就能推动大脑的多巴胺。

Placebos can produce measurable effects even in Parkinson's disease where the symptoms are physical and visible because the expectation alone can nudge the brain's dopamine.

所以我觉得值得承认，如果信念能对帕金森病产生影响，那它绝对能对佛罗里达医生治疗的膝盖疼痛产生影响。

So I think it's worth acknowledging that if belief can move the needle on Parkinson's, it can absolutely move the needle on a sore knee treated by a doctor in Florida.

所以肽类药物的使用方式基本上就是为了最大化这种效果而设计的。

So the way that peptides are consumed is basically engineered to maximize this effect.

你研究它好几个星期，在所有你喜欢的播客上听到它，从Gary Breca的网站订购，一盒注射器送到你家门口，有点吓人，你觉得自己有点调皮，你在厨房桌子上自己混合，就在你的格兰诺拉麦片旁边，我猜。

You research it for weeks, you hear about it on all your favorite podcasts, you order it from Gary Breca's website, a box of syringes shows up at your door, it's a little bit scary, you feel a little bit naughty, you're mixing it yourself at the kitchen table, right next to your granola, I guess.

你把它注射进自己的肚子，那感觉肯定不好，而且花了很多钱。

You inject it into your own stomach, that can't feel good and it costs a ton of money.

所以每一步，努力、仪式、恐惧、价格标签、针头，都让安慰剂效应更加强烈。

So every single one of those steps, the effort, the ritual, the fear, the price tag, the needle cranks that placebo effect up.

在经历了这一切之后，你非常希望，甚至需要，这一切是值得的。

And after all of that, you desperately want, if not need, it to have been worth it.

所以当有人发誓他们的伤在BPC-157上痊愈了，你知道，罗根也说过，胡伯曼也说过，我确实相信他们可能感觉更好了。

So when someone swears that their injury healed on BPC-one hundred fifty seven, which you know, Rogan has, Huberman has, I I do believe they probably felt better.

老实说，我不能确定是不是肽起的作用，因为他们可能也在休息、好好睡觉、更科学地训练、注意饮食，然后让时间去做它该做的事——让伤自然愈合。

I just can't tell you in all honesty if it was the peptide because they were also likely resting the injuries, sleeping, training smarter, eating and letting time do the thing that time does to injuries which is heal them.

所以你不能把肽从这里面单独拎出来，你知道，就像在一堆变量里找不到那根针一样。

So you can't pull the peptide out of that, you know, it's sort of the needle that you cannot extract from that variable haystack.

但有一点永远值得记住：轶事再多也不是数据，哪怕讲这个轶事的人能跑出2小时39分的马拉松成绩。

But it's always worth remembering that the plural of anecdote is not data, even when the anecdote can run a two thirty nine marathon.

如果有人过来说，我不管，我就是要用，那怎么办？

What if someone comes and they say, well, I'm gonna do it anyway.

这些人到底往自己身体里打了什么？

What are these people putting into their bodies?

你们老是问我，Sam，怎么把几种肽混合到这一支里？

You guys ask me all the time, Sam, how do I mix multiple peps into one of these?

那这个视频里，我不光告诉你方法，直接演示给你看。

Well, in this video, instead of telling you how, I'm gonna show you how.

这是一个完全新手向的视觉指南，教你怎么把多种肽混合到一支里，这样你就不用每天扎自己好几针了。

This is gonna be a complete beginner's visual guide on mixing multiple peps into one of these, so you don't have to poke yourselves as many times per day.

因为我用量很大。

Because I take a lot.

我每天要吃十四到十五种化合物。

I take fourteen to fifteen compounds daily.

我可不想一天扎自己那么多次。

I don't wanna poke myself that many times.

如果你们有任何问题需要帮助，请在评论区留言。

Or have any questions you need help, put them in the comments.

如果你需要我提到的任何肽类的好货源，链接在我的个人简介里。

You need a good source for any of the peps I talk about, links in my bio.

所以我觉得从标签开始讲很重要。

So I think it's important to start with the label.

这些东西看起来是粉末状，标注仅供研究使用，这其实是一种法律上的规避手段。

These things show up as a powder labeled for research use only, which is a legal dodge.

就像，它们还是和那种自己动手的实验室套装一起卖的。

Like, again, they're sold with the DIY sort of lab kit.

而且，你知道，你不需要出示什么科学家身份证明就能买到这些东西。

And not that, you know, you don't have to like show like your, I'm a scientist ID badge card to get this stuff.

再说，我也不知道Gary Breca到底卖了多少给真正的科学家。

And again, I don't know how much shit that Gary Breca is selling to actual scientists.

但这样做，卖家就能假装这是实验室用的化学试剂，把药寄给你。

But what this does is it lets the seller ship you a drug while pretending it's a chemistry reagent for a lab bench.

然后你把它和无菌水混合，天哪，希望如此，再用胰岛素注射器注射，那些注射器可能是从亚马逊上买的。

So then you'll mix it with sterile water, God, hope so, and inject it with insulin syringes that you got off like, I don't know, Amazon.

那个标签并不能让它合法或安全，只是让它技术上可以出售。

That label doesn't make it legal or safe, it just makes it technically sellable.

它只是让它不违法。

It makes it not illegal.

所以我想知道，有没有人真的检查过，是的。

So I wanna know, has anyone actually like checked to see Yes.

看看这里面到底有什么？

If there's anything in this stuff?

没错。

Absolutely.

有一位名叫德鲁夫·库拉尔的医生，为了《纽约客》的调查，从多个灰色市场网站订购了肽类产品，然后把它们送到了得克萨斯州奥斯汀的一家实验室。

So a physician named Dhruv Kular ordered peptides from a bunch of gray market sites for a New Yorker investigation and sent them off to a lab in Austin, Texas.

实验室的发现令人震惊。

And what the lab found is shocking.

一瓶BPC-157里面竟然含有铅。

One vial of BPC-one hundred fifty seven had actual lead in

什么？

it.

真的。

What?

是的。

Yes.

一瓶TB-500里面含有内毒素，也就是细菌细胞壁的碎片，这可不是什么好事，说明生产过程中水或制造环节受到了污染。

A vial of TB-five hundred had endotoxins which are bits of bacterial cell wall, not super chill which is a sign that the water or the manufacturing was contaminated.

有一瓶CJC-1295，实际含量不到标签上标的一半。而且从整体来看，测试人员估计他们看到的肽类产品中，有10%到20%存在严重问题，要么是纯度不够，要么是剂量不对，要么是无菌性不达标。

A vial of CJC one two five nine had less than half the dose that was printed on the label and zooming out, the testers estimated that 10% to 20% of everything they see from peptides has a serious problem with either purity, dose or sterility.

哇。

Woah.

这简直是“我绝对不会往肚子里注射”的三重糟糕组合。

Which is like the holy effed up trinity of I'm not injecting that into my stomach.

而且，我觉得这些细节一开始几乎有点好笑，直到你发现它们一点都不好笑。因为有个网站，就是那位医生试图买肽的网站之一，居然随手塞了30粒催产素胶囊，你知道吗？

And so, the details of this I think are almost funny right up until the point that they're absolutely not funny because one site threw in 30, like one of the websites that this physician tried to buy peptides from just threw in thirty capsules of a hormone used to induce labor, you know?

什么？

What?

就像你买润唇膏会送个小样一样。

Like how you get like a little ChapStick sample.

对，就送个催产药，搭配着来。哦，

Yeah, here's just like a labor inducing drug to go with Oh

天哪。

my gosh.

还有一家只收比特币，这可不是什么正常正经公司会干的事。

Another only took payment in Bitcoin, a thing that extremely normal cool businesses do.

有个实验室主任给出了最明显的破绽：你订购的CGHKCU肽应该是蓝色的。

One lab director gave the simplest tell of all, the peptide CGHKCU is supposed to be blue when you order it.

所以如果你拿到的是白色的，不管那是什么，反正不是GHKCU。

So if yours shows up white, whatever it is, it is not GHKCU.

所以，人们怎么确定注射剂量本身也是个问题，因为再说一遍，如果你是自己当小白鼠，我真不确定自己有没有准备好去研究这些药物的剂量。

So, the way that people figure out how much to inject is its own problem, because again, if you're your N of one, I don't know how prepared I am to figure out dosing on things.

那你是不是得

So do you

去研究别人都打多少，对吧？

have to like, so you essentially research how much people are taking, but Yeah.

我们其实不太

We don't really

所以你是在拿乔·罗根当参考。

so you're extrapolating from Joe Rogan.

天哪。

Oh my gosh.

而且作为一个人，我到现在都没搞清楚自己吃奶酪的正确剂量，我觉得我根本不可能搞清楚我的GHKCU剂量。

And as someone who, I still haven't figured out my personal cheese dose correctly, I feel like there is no way in hell I could figure out my GHKCU dose.

没有剂量标签，因为同样，没有人体试验作为依据，所以你只能照搬卖给你的人或者你在TikTok上看到的最后一个人的做法。

There's no dosing label because again, there are no human trials to base it on, so you're just copying whatever the person you bought it from or the last person you saw on TikTok.

一位研究这个的社会学家称之为“民间药理学”，就是跟着前人的共识和感觉走。

One sociologist who studies this calls it folk pharmacology where you go off the general consensus and the vibe of whoever came before you.

所以这有点像小组作业，但缺少那个什么都懂、真正干活的关键人物。

So it's kind of like a group project but it's missing that one key person who knows all the and actually does the work.

好。

Great.

对。

Yes.

所以如果你想了解这一切会走向何方，我觉得我们研究过的最相似的市场是非法类固醇。

So if you want a sense of where all of this goes, I think the most analogous market that we've studied is illegal steroids.

有一项澳大利亚的分析发现，22%的样本标签有误，一半剂量不足，还有一些被重金属、铅和砷污染了。

There was one Australian analysis that actually found that twenty two percent of samples were mislabeled, half were under dosed and some were contaminated with heavy metals, lead and arsenic.

所以这让我们几乎没有任何理由相信，不受监管的肽类供应会好到哪里去。

So think that gives us approximately zero reason to think the unregulated peptide supply is much better.

那么，除了不知道这些瓶子里到底有什么，我们身体面临的实际风险是什么？

So beyond not knowing what's actually in these vials, what are the real risks to our body?

我们真的知道吗？

Do we even know?

我是说，你……

I mean, you

我是说，我们其实可以猜一猜，但问题太多了。

I mean, we kind of could There's guess lot of but questions.

我不知道，对。

I don't Yeah.

那就从……开始吧。

So start with

针头本身，因为我觉得这一点真的不能忽略。

the needle itself because I mean, again, I think that's worth not glossing over.

你要反复给自己注射，这确实有感染风险，包括脓肿。

You are giving yourself repeated injections which does mean infection risk including abscesses.

Reddit 上的肽类板块，别提了，

The peptide section of Reddit is no,

你去看过吗？兄弟，

did you go Dude, on

天哪，我强烈建议你千万别在吃午饭的时候看这个。

oh my god, I cannot recommend not doing this while eating lunch enough.

哦。

Oh.

真不好。

Not good.

上面有很多照片，都是感染部位红肿的人，还有人需要抗生素。

There are so many pictures of people with red and swollen infection sites, people who needed antibiotics.

因为如果你总是在同一个地方注射，实际上可能会导致脂肪增生，也就是皮下形成橡胶状的脂肪硬块。

Because if you do it in the same spot over and over, can actually get lipohypertrophy which is a buildup of rubbery, fatty lumps under the skin.

从历史上看，共用或重复使用针头是注射者感染丙肝和艾滋病的途径。

Historically, sharing or reusing needles is how injectors have given themselves Hep C and HIV.

所以，你知道，不是每个自己给自己注射的人都是天才。

So, you know, not everyone that's dosing themselves is a certified genius.

对。

Yeah.

我得说。

I gotta say.

好，那关于癌症这事儿呢？

Okay, what about this cancer thing?

我想知道。

I wanna know.

有没有

Is there

是的，确实有人担心其中一些可能与癌症有关，这也是研究人员真正担忧的地方。

anything Yeah, on so there is concern that some of these might be linked with cancer, which is the thing that you actually see researchers being worried about.

所以，就像我们提到的，这些肽类中有几种似乎部分通过促进血管生成和生长新血管来起作用，理论上这对愈合有好处。

So, like we mentioned, several of these peptides seem to work partly by promoting angiogenesis and growing new blood vessels, which is great for healing, in theory.

问题在于，生长新血管正是肿瘤建立自身血液供应、从而生长和扩散的方式。

The problem is that growing new blood vessels is exactly how a tumor builds itself a blood supply so that it can grow and spread.

这是相同的机制。

It is the same mechanism.

需要说明的是，这还没有被证实。

To be clear, this isn't proven.

这并非在研究中已经观察到的情况，因为我们知道这个机制是什么。

This is not something that has been seen in the research as we know what this mechanism is.

我们知道这个机制可能与肿瘤生长有关。

Know this mechanism can be associated with tumor growth.

虽然还没有观察到，但这是有可能的。

Haven't seen it, it is possible.

这确实是个挺合理的担忧，不是瞎操心或者没事找事，但我觉得有点好笑的是，很多吹捧肽类的人，看到别处有个合理的机制时，他们特别急着去尝试。他们会说，哦，这个西兰花里的东西可能让我更好地运输乳酸。

It is a pretty plausible worry, not just hand ringing and trying to like find stuff to be stressed about, but I do think it's kind of funny because so many of the same people hyping peptides, when they see a plausible mechanism elsewhere, they're so eager to taste They're like, oh, this broccoli thing has this thing that like could make me better at shuttling lactate.

然后就像，这东西也可能让你更好地长肿瘤。

And it's like, well this thing also could make you better at growing tumors.

然后人们就说，不不不不，

And people like, no, no, no, no,

不，我们不想让你想那个。

No, we don't want you to think about that one.

还有一点就是，那些说微波炉致癌的人，很可能就是同一批在买BPC-157的人，而且根本没有标准剂量。

And it's also like, there's like, the overlap of people who are like, microwaves give you cancer, are also definitely the same people ordering BPC-157 off There the is no standard dose.

就是说，你根本不知道从哪开始。

Like, there's no way to know where to start.

你完全是照着安德鲁·胡伯曼怎么做的来，因为连一个人类试验都没有，没法校准这些东西，所以。

You're basing it off what literally Andrew Huberman did because there is not a single human trial to set one, to calibrate a lot of these things against, so.

嗯，我也在想，这会不会导致，你知道的，跟其他药物或者生理过程产生相互作用，

Well, I wonder too if that could cause, you know, just interactions with other medications or other physiological processes,

而且我们不知道那会怎样。我们不知道。

and we don't know that that's We don't know.

副作用方面，嗯，会怎样。

Gonna Side effect wise.

但我觉得，我们知道很多药物都会这样。

But I get, like we know that a lot of medicines do that.

我们知道很多补充剂也会这样。

We know that a lot of supplements do it.

我觉得不去想象它可能会这样，那就不太明智了。

I think it would be not smart to not imagine that that I'd can be

我很好奇，急诊室是不是有更多人来报告副作用。

curious on like, if the ERs have like, had increased reports of It's people coming in with side

不是那种在统计层面上能看到的东西，但你能看到，不是那种，我没看到具体的研究说急诊就诊量增加了多少，但确实有个案报告，在拉斯维加斯的长寿大会上，有两个女人在一个小展台拿了灰色市场的肽类产品，然后被紧急送去了医院。

not like something you see on a statistical level, but you are, like, you can see it on, it's not like, I haven't, I didn't see a specific study that was like ER visits have increased this amount, but there are specific case reports of there were two women at the longevity conference in Las Vegas who took gray market peptides at one of the little expo booths and got rushed to the hospital.

哦。

Oh.

结果两个人都上了呼吸机。

And they both ended up on ventilators.

哦，是的。

Oh, Yes.

我们不知道

We don't

是什么肽。

know what peptide it was.

我们不知道他们对什么产生了反应。

We don't know what they were responding to.

所以，再说一遍，这不是发生在数百万人身上的事情，但事实是，它发生在几个人身上，这并不会让我急于排队去尝试这些东西。

So, again, it's not like this is something happening to millions of people but again, the fact that it's happening to a couple doesn't exactly make me eager to line up for this stuff.

不。

No.

所以，是的。

So, yeah.

另一个让这件事变得真实的地方就是比赛，对吧？

The other place that this gets kind of real is in competition, right?

所以，如果有谁在参加有药物检测的运动，反兴奋剂的情况是怎样的？

So if anyone's out there in a drug tested sport, what's the anti doping situation?

是的，我的意思是，我对药物检测持开放态度，比如在我参加的超级马拉松比赛中，我必须完成所有药物培训，如果我比赛成绩足够好，可能就得尿检。

Yeah, mean, I'm open to drug test, like at the, you know, competing in the ultras I do, like I am, I have to do all the drug trainings and if I have a good enough race result, could pee in a cup.

所以，简单来说，这是被禁止的。

So, the simple version of this is that it is banned.

BPC-157在世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）的禁用清单上，属于S0类，即未经批准的物质。

BPC-one hundred fifty seven is on the WADA, World Anti Doping Administration prohibited list under a category called S zero which are non approved substances.

这个类别正是为那些在任何地方都没有获得监管批准的物质设立的，包括那些标有“仅供研究使用”的东西。

And that category exists exactly for stuff with no regulatory approval anywhere including things labeled for research use only.

所以这意味着它在比赛期间和比赛之外都是被禁止的。

So what that means is that it is banned all of the time in competition and out.

而且也没有医疗豁免的漏洞，因为有些禁用物质可以申请治疗用途豁免（TUE），比如某些治疗多动症或抑郁症的药物，这需要医生开具证明才能使用。

There's also no medical loophole because there are some banned substances that let you file for a therapeutic use exemption or a TUE like certain ADHD or depression medications, which is a doctor documented waiver to let you use something.

是的，这个人确实有甲状腺问题，他们需要服用这种药。

Yes, this person actually has a thyroid issue, they need to be on this medicine.

BPC-157没有治疗用途豁免的途径，因为没有已批准的医疗用途作为依据。

BPC-one hundred fifty seven has no TUE pathway because there's no approved medical use to base one on.

再说一次，就是感觉。

Again, vibes.

其余的补充剂组合中，TB-500在肽类激素类别下被禁止，CJC-1295、Epimorlin、GHKCU也都在名单上。

The rest of the stack is band two, TB-five hundred is prohibited under peptide hormone category, CJC-twelve ninety five, Epimorlin, GHKCU, all on the list.

所以整个金刚狼组合就像随时可能被查出来一样。

So the entire Wolverine stack is just like waiting to get popped.

它们是可以被检测到的，而且确实会带来实际的处罚。

They are detectable and it does come with a real penalty.

实验室用质谱法很容易就能检测到这些物质。

Labs can very easily catch these on mass spectometry.

BPC-157大约在两到三天内可以被检测到。

BPC-one hundred fifty seven is detectable for roughly two to three days.