学习水暖系统、锅炉与蒸汽技术——与Ray Wohlfarth一起

本期HVAC学院播客由我们的合作伙伴赞助播出。

This episode of the HVAC School podcast is brought to you by our partners.

制冷技术公司及其Viper盘式排水处理剂。

Refrigeration Technologies and their Viper Pan and Drain Treatment.

Viper盘式排水处理剂是一种喷雾凝胶，可应用于排水盘和蒸发器盘管底部。

Viper Pan and Drain Treatment is a spray gel that you can put in your drain pan and the bottom rows of the evaporator coil.

它采用酶基清洁技术，能有效处理顽固淤泥和生物膜，在佛罗里达州的气候条件下效果尤为显著。

It utilizes enzyme based cleaning, which works on tough sludge, biofilm, and works wonders on our climate here in Florida.

针对细菌菌胶团（俗称'象结'）等特殊挑战。

Unique challenges like bacterial zooglya, otherwise known as elephant's knot.

该产品还具有无毒和食品级安全特性。

It's also nontoxic and food safe.

经证实其持久性优于传统排水片剂，并能润滑排水组件保持管道畅通。

It's been shown to outlast traditional drain tabs and lubricates the drain assembly to keep those drains clear.

谁不想要一个润滑良好的排水组件呢？

Who doesn't want a lubricated drain assembly?

我说得对吧？

Am I right?

了解更多关于Viper的盘管排水处理产品，请访问refrigergetech.com。

Find out more about the pan and drain treatment from Viper at refrigergetech.com.

Carrierandcarrier.com？

Carrierandcarrier.com?

Copeland与White Rogers的SureSwitch，这款多电压替换接触器适用于24伏、120/208伏控制应用。

Copeland and the White Rogers SureSwitch, the multi voltage replacement contactor that works for 24 volt, one hundred and twenty two zero eight volt, and two zero eight volt control applications.

得益于其一加极设计，SureSwitch可替代100多种常见接触器。

The SureSwitch replaces over 100 common contactors thanks to its one plus pole design.

这是一款密封接触器，能防止昆虫、碎屑和湿气进入，使用寿命比普通接触器长约五倍。

It's a sealed contactor that keeps insects, debris, and moisture out, and it lasts a lot longer than your typical contactor, up to about five times longer.

说实话，这是我的个人观点，并非他们的说法。

And honestly, my opinion, not theirs.

我认为实际使用寿命甚至会更长。

I think it'll even be longer than that.

它具备多项保护压缩机的功能。

It has a few features that protect your compressor.

欠压保护可防止压缩机在低电压条件下受损，而短周期制动定时器延迟则能避免压缩机因频繁启停承受不当压力。

Brown out protection helps protect the compressor from low voltage conditions, and a short cycle timer delay on brake prevents undue stress on the compressor from short cycling.

了解更多信息，请访问hvacrschool.com/sureswitch。

Find out more at hvacrschool.com/sureswitch.

hvacrschool.com/sureswitch。

Hvacrschool.com/sureswitch.

Santa Fe和Santa Fe除湿机。

Santa Fe and Santa Fe dehumidifiers.

他们拥有业内最出色的产品线之一，而现在更胜从前。

They have one of the best product lines in the business, and it just got better.

全新推出的'全面安心保修计划'为客户提供五年整机更换保障，外加一年零部件延保服务。

With their new Total Peace of Mind Warranty program that gives your customers a five year complete replacement coverage plus an extra year for parts.

这是市场上最可靠、最全面的保修方案，您的客户必将对此深表赞赏。

That's the most reliable and comprehensive warranty program on the market, and your customers are sure to appreciate it.

访问hvcrschool.com/santafe了解更多详情。

Go to hvcrschool.com/santafe to find out more.

别错过2026年北美最大的年度HVCR贸易盛会：AHR博览会，将于二月在拉斯维加斯会议中心举行。

Don't miss the biggest annual North American HVCR trade event in 2026: the AHR Expo, February at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

当然是在拉斯维加斯。

In Las Vegas, of course.

我们的研讨会规模相对紧凑，而AHR博览会则是一场盛大的活动。

Whereas our symposium is a relatively tight knit event, the AHR Expo is a huge event.

它规模宏大，几乎涵盖了暖通空调制冷专业人员所需的一切。

It's huge, it's massive, and has just about everything under the sun that an HVACR professional could ask for.

数千名与会者，绝佳的交流机会，行业领先制造商的大型展示，以及由包括我们自己的Roman Baugh在内的行业最具影响力人士主持的教育研讨会和小组讨论。

Thousands of attendees, great networking opportunities, massive showcase with industry's leading manufacturers, educational sessions and panels featuring some of the industry's most influential voices, including our own Roman Baugh.

他将在那里授课。

He's going to be teaching a class there.

参展商众多，AHR新产品剧场将在展会上快速预览200多种产品和技术，每项仅需20分钟。

There are so many exhibitors, so AHR gets quick twenty minute previews of over 200 products and technologies in their new product theater on the show floor.

播客展区也将回归。

And the Podcast Pavilion's coming back.

这里有许多优秀的播客主持人，比如我和其他很多人。

There are some great podcasters each here, guys like me and many others.

在播客展区，你将听到关于新技术、法规和其他行业热点话题的精彩访谈。

At the Podcast Pavilion, you're gonna hear great interviews about new technologies, regulations, and other hot button industry topics.

但最重要的是，你能见到我，我觉得这是个非常值得去的理由。

But more than anything else, you get to meet me, and I think that's a really good reason to go.

了解更多信息，请免费注册。

So to find out more, register for free.

访问a hrexpo.com，2月在内华达州拉斯维加斯。

Go to a hrexpo.com, February in Las Vegas, Nevada.

当你难以入睡时会打开的播客主持人。

The podcast host you turn on when you're having a hard time getting to sleep.

布莱恩·奥尔。

Brian Orr.

大家好，锅炉团队的朋友们。

Howdy do, boiler crew.

这里是HVAC学校播客。

This is the HVAC school podcast.

我是布莱恩，这个播客不仅能帮你记起一些遗忘的知识，还能让你了解那些你一开始就不知道的事情。

I'm Brian, and this is the podcast that helps you remember some things you forgot along the way as well as helps you remember some things you forgot to know in the first place.

今天，我们要和雷·伍尔法斯聊聊。

And today, we're talking to Ray Woolfarth.

雷最初在开利公司起步，后来创立了自己的企业，并逐渐成为锅炉、液压和蒸汽领域最知名的专家之一。

Ray started out with Carrier, built his own company, and along the way became one of the most recognized names in boilers, hydraulics, and steam.

今天我们将讨论锅炉房安全、液压系统故障排除、蒸汽基础知识、水处理，以及为什么辐射供暖让人感觉如此舒适。

So today, we're gonna talk about boiler room safety, hydraulic troubleshooting, steam fundamentals, water treatment, and why radiant heat feels so darn comfortable.

不过最主要的，我们会浅尝辄止地了解一下雷这个人。

But mostly, we're just gonna scratch the surface and just get to know Ray a little bit better.

那我们开始吧。

So here we go.

锅炉、水力系统以及我从新朋友雷·沃尔法斯那里学到的经验。

Boilers, hydronics, and lessons learned with my new friend, Ray Wolfarth.

感谢你参加HVAC学校播客节目，雷。

Thanks for joining us on the HVAC school podcast, Ray.

谢谢，布莱恩。

Thanks, Brian.

我很感激这次机会。

I appreciate the opportunity.

是啊。

Yeah.

真的很高兴你能来。

It's really good to have you.

显然，水力系统和锅炉那个世界，与我在佛罗里达从事的HVAC领域同属一个宇宙，但有时我们的圈子并不相同。

Obviously, hydronics and boilers and that whole world and my world of HVAC down here in Florida, we're all in the same universe, but sometimes we operate in different circles.

所以你能来真是太好了。

So it's really good to have you here.

你在行业内非常有名。

You're super well known in the industry.

多年来我做了很多出色的工作。

I've I've done a lot of great work over the years.

但我们还是从基础开始吧。

But let's just start with the basics.

跟我们介绍一下你自己，你这些年都做了些什么，以及你是如何取得今天的成就的。

Tell us about you, what you've done over the years, and how you've gotten to where you are today.

我曾在开利公司工作，大约三十年前收购了自己的公司。

I used to work for Carrier, and I bought my company about thirty some years ago.

可以想象，当时竞争相当激烈。

And it was pretty competitive, as you can imagine.

当时该地区还有其他几家锅炉公司。

There were several other boiler companies in the area.

我的竞争对手过去常说，'别从雷那里买'。

And my competition used to say, Oh, don't buy from Ray.

他对锅炉一窍不通。

He doesn't know anything about boilers.

他只懂空调方面的知识。

All he knows about is air conditioning.

于是我开始每天研读相关资料。

So I started to read every day about it.

我在锅炉上犯过很多错误，却因此对它们产生了热情。

I made a whole lot of mistakes on boilers, and I just came to have a passion for them.

我就是喜欢每台锅炉都有自己独特的个性。

I just love that every boiler has its own personality.

就算把五台锅炉并排放置，每台的操作方式也会不同。

You could have five of them right in a row, and each one's going to operate differently.

这就是我涉足锅炉行业的经过。

And that's how I got involved with the boiler business.

后来某个阶段，你开始越来越多地从事培训教育、撰写书籍等工作。

And then at some point, you got into more and more training and education and writing books and all that.

那么这一切是怎么开始的呢？

So how did that all get started?

我以前做得不错，现在依然如此。

I used to do well, I still do.

我曾为承包商和大学等机构提供锅炉培训。

I did boiler training for contractors and universities and things.

我的一位好友，我曾为他员工做过一整天锅炉培训。

And a really good friend of mine, I had done a full day training on boilers for his employees.

他说，如果你能把培训内容写成书就太好了。

And he said, you know, it'd be really great if you had this in a book.

我当时想，哦，是啊，当然可以。

And I'm like, oh, yeah, sure.

我能做到。

I could do that.

我就想着直接从PPT里提取内容，转录成一本书。

And I just thought I'll just take it from my PowerPoint, transcribe it into a book.

结果两年后书出版了，我写作期间每天都在咒骂他们。

Well, two years later, it came out, and I cursed them every day I was writing on it.

但我后来真的开始享受这个过程。

But I came to really enjoy it.

我有个朋友有句名言：'不要带着未唱出的歌离开人世'。

And a friend of mine has this saying that says, Don't die with the song still inside you.

所以我想把自己的知识传给下一代，因为我认为锅炉在我们行业中仍有一席之地。

So I wanted to pass my knowledge on to the next generation because I think there's still a place for boilers in our industry.

于是我开始写作，每年还参加几次创意写作课，保持大脑这方面的活跃。

So I started doing writing, and I take a creative writing class a couple of times a year just to keep that side of my brain going.

我每天早晨6点到8点都会写作，这是我的避风港。

And I try to write every morning from about 6AM till about eight, and it's my escape.

这是我应对经营企业等各种压力的方式。

That's how I deal with the stresses of running a business and things.

我对这点深有共鸣。

I relate to that in a really big way.

对我来说，我是从音频开始的。

For me, I started with audio.

但当我开始写作后，虽然不想用‘上瘾’这个词，但确实有种东西让你欲罢不能，因为它给了你一个宣泄的出口。

But then once I started writing, there is something really I don't wanna say addictive, but there's something about it that keeps you going because it gives you that outlet.

它为你脑海中那些盘旋的思绪提供了一个安放之处。

It gives you a place to put those thoughts that are swimming around in your head.

我写书的初衷是想象一个技术人员周五晚上9点还在锅炉房，试图弄清楚发生了什么。

I write my books with the idea of a technician being in a boiler room at 9PM on a Friday night trying to figure out what's going on.

我曾亲身经历过这种紧急呼叫。

And I've been there on those calls.

我希望他们能看着我的书说：‘天哪’。

And I'm hoping that they're gonna be able to look at my book and say, oh goodness.

这太棒了。

This is great.

真希望我早点知道这些。

I wish I'd known this before.

所以我试着站在你的立场上思考问题。

So that's where I try to put myself in your position.

是的。

Yeah.

我对此也深有同感。

I relate to that again.

而我在锅炉业务这边认识的第一个家伙是丹·霍洛汉。

And the first guy who I've gotten to know on this side of the business, on the boiler side, is Dan Holohan.

显然，我相信你对丹相当了解。

And, obviously, I'm sure you know Dan pretty well.

丹的出身背景有些不同。

And Dan comes from a little different side.

他更多来自销售代表那一方，但风格依旧相同。

He comes from more the rep side and all that, but it's still that same tone.

这种风格确实能帮助人们理解那些困扰他们的问题，就像你说的，当你被困在那个房间里时。

The tone is helping people really understand the things that stick them up, like you said, when you're stuck in that room.

对我来说，无论是面对屋顶机组还是制冷机组，道理都是一样的。

And for me, it was in front of a rooftop unit or in a refrigeration rack or whatever, but it's the same thing.

用一点点信息就能帮那个人摆脱困境。

Helping out that guy with a little bit of information that can get him unstuck.

以这种方式提供支持的感觉真的很棒。

It's a really nice feeling to support in that way.

丹是个了不起的人。

Dan's an incredible guy.

他是我的好朋友，也是他让我开始写书的。

He is a good friend of mine, and he's the one that got me started writing books.

他还让我为PMP等刊物撰写文章。

And he got me writing articles for PMP and things.

但我常说丹挽救了我的婚姻，因为我们买第一套房时，里面装的是单管蒸汽系统。

But I like to say that Dan saved my marriage because when we first bought our first house, it had a one pipe steam system.

那时候我对蒸汽系统还一窍不通。

And I didn't know anything about steam at that time.

就在我们搬进去的第一天半夜，我听到'嘶嘶'的声音。

And the middle of the first night we're there, I hear a psst.

我还以为是我妻子想感谢我为家里买了房子。

And I thought it was my wife trying to thank me for buying a house for the family.

我转身看她，她却一脸怒气。

And I turn around, look at her, and she has this look of anger.

她说这声音整晚都在响。

And she says, it's been doing that all night long.

想办法解决。

Figure it out.

我当时就懵了。

And I'm like, okay.

我不知道该怎么办。

I didn't know what to do.

于是我把排气阀拆下来，结果手指被烫得够呛，又赶紧装了回去。

So I pulled the air vent off and I got the hell burned out of my fingers and I put it back in.

最后我只好套上袜子试图让噪音消停一晚，完全不知道该怎么办。

And I ended up putting socks over to try to quiet it down for the night, and I had no idea what to do.

后来一位朋友给了我丹的书。

And a friend of mine gave me Dan's book.

我当时反应是，天哪。

And I'm like, oh my gosh.

这说得太有道理了。

This makes so much sense.

我把这事告诉了他。

And I tell him that.

我说，他拯救了我的婚姻。

I said, he saved my marriage.

确实都是些小事。

It is the little things for sure.

说真的，丹对我的种种善意我能滔滔不绝讲个不停。

I mean, I could go on and on about the kindnesses that Dan has shown me.

显然，我是在他职业生涯后期才认识他的，那时他已经准备退休了。

Obviously, I got to know him later in his career when he was already winding down.

不过，确实，他真的是个非常非常好的人，看到这样的社群也很棒。

But, yeah, really, really great human being and great to see the community.

我是说，这里有这么多人，特别是在培训和教育领域，他们乐于互相帮助、互相鼓励，而不是过度竞争，而是寻找各种方式来帮助那些技术人员。

I mean, there's so many folks out here, especially in training and education, who are willing to help one another and who encourage one another and aren't, like, hypercompetitive, but instead just look for ways to help give a hand up to the technicians out there.

我同意。

I agree.

在我看来，我并不是在和你或克雷格·米廖蒂奇竞争。

And the way I look at it is that I'm not in competition with you or Craig Migliotchi.

我念不出他的姓氏，不过

I can't say his last name, but

这个名字确实很难念。

It's a tough one.

我的想法是尽力提供帮助。

My idea is to try to help.

每个人提供的都各不相同。

Each one provides something different.

就像那句老话说的，你可能听过一百次却从未真正理解。

And it's like that adage, you'll hear something a 100 times and it never resonates.

然后突然有一天，你从别人的口中听到它。

And then all of a sudden you hear it from somebody else's voice.

你就会恍然大悟，天啊，现在我明白了。

And you're like, oh my gosh, now I get it.

这就是我唯一想要的。

And that's the only thing I want.

我有一家承包公司。

I have a contracting company.

我们负责锅炉维护和屋顶机组。

We do boiler service, and we do rooftop units.

我做这些纯粹是为了乐趣。

And I just do this for fun.

就像我说的，这是我逃避现实去写作的方式。

This is like I said, this is my escape to write.

我相信，因为你讲过你进入锅炉学习领域的故事，最初朋友们对你的评价是‘马特对那方面一窍不通’，而你后来却真正深入钻研了进去。

I'm sure because you talked about the story of why you got into this world of learning more about boilers, having that reputation from your friends of, oh, Matt, he doesn't know anything about that, and then really diving in.

实际上，我认为很多专业知识就是这样获得的——那些意识到自己需要成长的人会真正深入钻研。

And, actually, I think a lot of times expertise comes from that, people who recognize that they need to grow, and so they really dive in deep.

你已经提到了一个，这很有趣。

You already mentioned one, which is funny.

但你在学习过程中遇到过哪些早期的错误或误解？当你努力克服它们时，是否曾有过顿悟时刻或早期快速突破的经历？

But what are some of the maybe early mistakes or early misunderstandings that you had that you were trying to work through where you had maybe some of those eurekas or some of those quick wins early on when you

在学习更多相关知识时？

were learning more about it?

那是一次深夜去公寓楼的维修电话，其中一间公寓没有暖气。

It was a late night service call to an apartment building, and they had no heat in one apartment.

那是一个水力系统，每个公寓都有自己的区域阀门。

And it was a hydronic system, and each apartment had its own zone valve.

他们那里装着一个大型循环泵。

And they had this big circulator that was there.

你可能也接过这种报修电话，一进门就有个人在旁边盯着问‘还要多久？’

And you've probably been on those calls where as soon as you walk in, there's a guy's looking over your shoulder going, How much longer?

我说‘我也不知道’

I'm like, I don't know.

这是我第一次来这儿

This is my first time here.

我检查了一遍，但就是找不出为什么这间公寓没有暖气

So I went through it, and I could not figure out why this apartment wasn't having to eat.

不是气堵问题，业主还把温度从180调到了210

It wasn't air bound, and the owner had turned the temperature up from 180 to two ten.

遇到这种难题时，我总是回归基本原理

And when I get stumped like that, I always go back to the basics.

比如在水循环系统中，我总认为需要保持20度的温差

Like in Hydronic, I always think I need a 20 degree delta T.

而这套公寓的温度差只有大约两度。

And on this particular apartment, it was only like a two degree delta T.

我当时就想，天哪。

And I'm thinking, oh my goodness.

所以我做的完全是碰运气，我开始关闭其中一个阀门，直到温度差达到20度。

So what I did is just a fluke, was I started closing down one of the valves until I got to 20 degree delta t.

我刚做完这个，布莱恩，那套公寓就开始源源不断地获得热量了。

As soon as I did that, Brian, they started getting all kinds of heat in that apartment.

为此我在供暖求助论坛上发了帖子。

And I posted something on heating help for it.

我说这真的很奇怪。

And I said, this is really weird.

结果有很多人在帖子里反驳我。

And I had all these people fighting me about it.

他们说‘不可能有热量’，而我坚持‘我告诉你们，事实就是这样’

No heat, it's gonna I'm like, I'm telling you, this is what it did.

几年后，有三个人联系我，说他们看到过相关的内容。

And a couple years later, I had three people contact me saying they had seen something about it.

他们说，我遇到了完全相同的情况。

And they said, I had the same exact thing.

但我热爱这个行业的原因在于，你自以为很了不起，觉得自己是专家无所不知。

But what I love about this industry is you think you're cocky, you think you're an expert and know everything.

它总有办法很快让你谦卑下来。

It has a way of humbling you very quickly.

它会狠狠敲打你的脑袋说，嘿，笨蛋。

It smacks you upside the head and says, hey, dummy.

我打赌你绝对没料到这一招。

I bet you never saw this one coming.

这就是我热爱这个行业的原因。

And that's what I love about the industry.

我每天都能学到新东西。

I learn something new every day.

是啊。

Yeah.

对我来说，那个叫什么来着？

For me, what was the name?

我觉得它现在应该还存在。

And I think it still exists.

叫HVAC论坛。

It's HVAC Talk.

那是我最初开始与其他技术人员互动的地方之一。

That was one of the first places that I started interacting with other technicians.

就是这个名字。

That's what it's called.

对吧？

Right?

HVAC论坛。

HVAC Talk.

是啊。

Yeah.

而且，天哪，在我自己创业之前，我已经为之前的公司做过一些培训了。

And, gosh, I had already been done a little training for the prior company before I started my own.

我当时非常自信地加入讨论，因为作为一个佛罗里达州的小伙子，我已经接触过相当数量的燃气炉——虽然对其他市场来说这根本不算什么，但当时我并不了解。

And I went on there really confident because I had worked on a decent amount of gas furnaces for a Florida boy, which is absolutely nothing for other markets, but I didn't know that.

我以为所有地方都像佛罗里达一样。

I figured every everywhere was like Florida.

然后有人提出了一个关于暖气炉的问题，涉及操作顺序之类的。

And so somebody had asked a question about furnaces, and it was something about sequence of operation or whatever.

于是我就跳出来给出了我平时教学时用的解释。

So I hopped in and gave my explanation that I would teach.

结果，伙计，立刻就有20个人跳出来反驳我。

And, man, I had 20 guys jumping down my throat right away.

比如：'你到底在说什么啊？'

Like, what are you even talking about?

我并不确定我说的内容是否真的错了，但可能不是最恰当的表述方式。

I don't even know if it was necessarily what I was saying was wrong, but it wasn't maybe the best way of describing it.

就在那一刻，我才真正意识到，哇。

And that's when I really learned, wow.

这个行业有很多东西需要向其他市场的人学习。

There's a lot to learn in this industry from people from other markets.

看待事物的方式多种多样，而我立刻就爱上了这一点。

There's a lot of different ways of looking at things, and I loved it right away.

我认为这正是成为一名优秀技术员必须具备的素质之一。

I mean, I think that's one of the things you have to have to be a really good technician.

我在文章中也写过这点，即保持谦逊，随时向任何人学习，并认识到总会遇到前所未见的新事物。

And I've written about that as, like, humility to be able to learn from anyone at any time and recognizing that you're always gonna find something new that you haven't seen before.

这正是它最棒的地方，也是我喜欢的部分——每次外出都能学到新东西。

That's what's really great about it and that I like about it, is that I'll learn something new each time I go out.

我最近在当地为一个学区做咨询工作。

I was out doing a consulting for a school district here locally.

当我遇到不懂的东西时，我会尝试研究它，因为我不想再次被它搞得措手不及。

And when I see something I don't know, I try to research it because I don't want to get blindsided with it again.

然后我发现了一些东西，心想这不可能对吧。

And I found something and I'm like, that can't be right.

结果我发现它确实是对的。

And what I found out was it was indeed right.

那是关于锅炉上的气压调节风门。

It was about the barometric damper on a boiler.

业主当时说，哦，我们装的是单作用式的。

And the owner was saying that, oh, we have a single acting one.

于是我做了各种研究。

So I did all kinds of research.

我联系了菲尔德斯控制公司。

I called fields controls.

我和他们的技术人员交流，终于明白了他们为什么采用那种特定做法。

I talked to their technical people, and I found out why they did it a certain way and stuff.

所以我希望从每天醒来直到生命终结，我都能不断学习。

So I'm hoping I learn every day from one till I die.

我也是。

Same here.

好的。

Alright.

现在花点时间跟你聊聊制冷技术公司的湿抹布产品。

Gonna take a second to talk to you about Refrigeration Technologies' wet rag.

这是我们的技术人员长期使用的一款产品。

It's a product that our techs have used for a long time.

效果非常好。

Works great.

这是一种隔热腻子，工作原理就像湿抹布一样。

It's a heat blocking putty that works just like a wet rag.

钎焊时把它包在阀门周围，可以用于阀门口、检修阀、蒸发器检修阀以及换向阀。

You put it around valves while brazing, put it at a valve inlet, your service valves, your evaporate your service valves, your reversing valves.

如果你要更换一个换向阀，虽然这没帮上你什么，但这个产品在这方面确实效果出色。

If you're replacing a reversing valve, haven't helped you, but this really works great for that.

热力膨胀阀、电子膨胀阀均可重复使用多达40次，并配有染料指示何时接近使用寿命终点。

TXVs, electronic expansion valves, reusable up to 40 times with dye that lets you know when it's nearing the end of its life.

轻松耐受焊枪高温，保护我们提到的各类部件：压缩机、油漆面、换向阀、管路干燥器、吸气干燥器、液体管路干燥器、双向流干燥器——基本上所有干燥器都能防护。

Easily withstands our torch temperatures and protects things like we talked about, compressor, paints, reversing valves, line dryers, suction dryers, liquid line dryers, bi flow dryers, basically all the dryers.

它对干燥器特别管用，尤其是那些带超短接口的型号。

It's great for dryers, especially ones with the really short stubs.

真是麻烦透顶。

Pain in the butt.

你肯定不想烧坏那层油漆。

You don't wanna burn that paint.

你也不想新装的干燥器上产生锈蚀。

You don't wanna create rust on those new dryers that you put in.

只需取出产品，包裹住需要保护的部件，用完后放回容器即可重复使用。

All you have to do is take it out, put it around anything you wanna protect, then put it back in the container to reuse it.

对于更大面积的情况，我们已经讨论过很多次了。

For larger areas, we've talked about this a lot.

制冷技术公司还推出了热屏蔽罩，可干湿两用，覆盖更大区域，比如空气处理机前端或Apidroquel机箱等。

Refrigeration Technologies also has introduced the heat shield, which you can use wet or dry and cover a larger area, like the front of a air handler or a case of Apidroquel, for example.

同样适用于航空沉降或旋流焊枪，它们在对流侧会释放更多热量，这款产品对此效果极佳。

Also great for aero settling or swirl tip torches, where they tend to blow out a lot more heat on the convective side works great for that.

了解更多关于原始湿抹布及热屏蔽罩的信息，请访问refrigergetech.com。

Find out more about the original wet rag as well as heat shield by going to refrigergetech.com.

好的。

Alright.

那么让我们深入探讨一些细节问题。

So let's get into some nitty gritty.

再次强调，我们一开始就讨论过这个问题。

And, again, we talked about this right off the bat.

显然，我们无论如何也不可能涵盖这些主题的所有知识点。

Like, we obviously aren't going to cover everything there is to know about these topics by any stretch of the imagination.

我们只是浅尝辄止，希望能提出一些技术人员能从中受益的观点和想法。

We're just gonna scratch the surface and hopefully surface some things that techs will be able to benefit from, just some ideas and thoughts.

所以我喜欢从这样一个场景开始：当你带着多年经验走进锅炉房，无论是进行咨询还是故障排查，你首先会关注哪些迹象？

So one of the places I like to start is when you walk into now with all your experience, all your years of doing it, you walk into a boiler room now, and you're there for a consult or you're there for troubleshooting or whatever you're there for, what are some of the first tells you look for?

那些你本能地用感官去捕捉、试图在锅炉房里发现的初始线索。

Some of those first natural things that you use your senses and you're looking for and trying to spot in that boiler room.

我最重要的习惯之一就是倾听。

One of the most important things I do is I like to listen.

花五分钟时间静静聆听。

Take five minutes just to listen.

有没有滴水声？

Do I hear dripping?

有没有嘶嘶声？

Do I hear hissing?

如果听起来像倒牛奶时的脆米声，就说明水侧开始结垢了。

Do I hear If it sounds like Rice Krispies when they pour milk on, it's telling me it's starting to scale on the water side.

它启动时听起来是怎样的？

How does it sound when it starts?

是伴随着'呼'的一声启动，还是平稳顺畅地启动？

Does it come on with a whoosh or does it come on nice and smooth?

我还喜欢四处观察。

And I like to look around.

我提倡的一点是锅炉房的安全问题。

One of the things that I advocate is safety in the boiler room.

前几天我刚在课堂上讲过，我说：'当你进入锅炉房时，要提前想好逃生路线。因为如果安全阀突然起跳，蒸汽充满整个锅炉房，第一，这会置换掉所有氧气，导致你无法清晰思考。'

And I'd like to tell, I was just teaching a class the other day, and I said, When you go into a boiler room, try to think about an escape route, because if something were to happen and the relief valve lifts and fills the boiler room with steam, Number one, it displaces all the oxygen, so you're not thinking as clearly as you should.

第二，你的所有视线都会被遮蔽。

And number two is all your visibility's gone.

而且如果地上有软管，似乎每根管道或风管都正好在额头高度或小腿位置。

And if you have hoses on the floor, and it seems like every pipe or every duct is right at forehead level or shin level.

我告诉他们：'进入时要小心，因为你不知道之前在这里的人做过什么。'

And I tell them, Be careful when you're walking into there, because you don't know what the other person did that was there.

如果你有时间，我给你讲个故事。

I'll give you a story about, if you have time.

我接到一家燃气公司的电话，是我在西弗吉尼亚州燃气公司工作的朋友打来的。

I was called by a gas company, a friend of mine that worked for the gas company down in West Virginia.

他说那家医院付不起燃气费，问我能否过去看看。

And he said that the hospital couldn't afford their gas bill and asked if I would come down and look at it.

我回答：“当然可以。”

I said, Certainly.

于是我们约好在布恩斯的那家医院见面，谢天谢地那医院现在已经关闭了。

So we met and went to this hospital in Booneys, and it's since closed, thank God.

当时我们在锅炉房里，我正在和总工程师、维修主管以及燃气公司的人交谈。

But we're in the boiler room, and I'm talking with the chief engineer and director of maintenance and the gas company guy.

突然总工程师说，他得去启动锅炉。

And all of a sudden, the chief engineer said, well, I have to go start the boiler.

我当时心想：什么叫‘得去启动锅炉’？

I'm thinking, what do you mean you have to start the boiler?

现在又不是1910年。

This isn't like 1910.

我正和那些人交谈，余光瞥见这个叫布莱恩的家伙朝锅炉走去。

And I'm talking with the people, and out of the corner of my eye, see this guy walk toward the boiler, Brian.

他打开通往燃烧室的那些门，拧开一个三英寸的煤气阀。

And he opens up these doors into the combustion chamber, opens up a three inch gas valve.

他抓起旁边的一把扫帚，点燃后直接捅进燃烧室里。

He grabs this broom that was next to it, lights the broom, sticks it into the combustion chamber.

突然就听'轰'的一声。

And all of a sudden, are voom.

一条约六英尺长的火舌从检修门喷涌而出。

And this flame about six feet long come flying out the man door.

那家伙抓起扫帚往地上一扔，使劲踩了几脚。

And the guy grabs his broom and sets it down and stomps on it.

我说：你他妈在干什么？

I said, what the hell are you doing?

他说，哦，那些火焰保护装置很贵，而且这个已经坏了。

And he said, oh, that flame safeguards, they're really expensive and this one's bad.

所以我需要加热时就直接跳过锅炉操作。

So I just jumper the boiler out whenever I need heat.

只要打开阀门，把点燃的扫帚塞进去就行。

Just open the valve and stick a lit broom inside.

我当时就说，你不能这么做。

And I'm like, You can't do that.

他说，哦，我一直都这么干的。

He said, Oh, I do it all the time.

没什么大不了的。

It's no big deal.

他根本没把这当回事。

And he thought nothing of that.

在工地上看到某些人的操作真是让人心惊胆战。

And it's just scary what you see some people do on job sites.

是啊。

Yeah.

这类事情我也见过不少。

I've seen my fair share of that kind of thing.

很多这样做的人其实本意是好的。

A lot of the guys who do that sort of thing are very well meaning.

他们只是想做好工作，只是不知道更好的方法。

They're just trying to do their job, but they don't know better.

所以从你那里我听到的是，锅炉房的首要事项之一就是考虑逃生路线。

So what I'm hearing from you is one of the first things in a boiler room is think about your way out.

要考虑最坏情况下会发生什么。

Think about what happens in worst case scenarios.

锅炉附近有哪些管道或设备是你第一时间要检查的？

What are some of the near boiler piping or things that are close to the boiler that you're looking for right away?

因为我觉得情况很相似。

Because I think it's similar.

我们总是讨论风管系统。

We always talk about ductwork.

最靠近风机盘管或炉子的风管最为关键，因为那里显然也是压差最大的地方。

The ductwork that's nearest to the fan coil or nearest to the furnace is the ductwork that matters the most because, obviously, that's where the greatest pressure differential is right there as well.

锅炉周围有哪些需要特别注意的地方？

What are the things around the boiler that you're paying close attention to?

如果是蒸汽锅炉，我会检查近锅炉管道。

If it's a steam boiler, I look at the near boiler piping.

90%的安装都是错误的。

90% of them are wrong.

我还会检查保温情况，特别是蒸汽系统的保温。

I also look for insulation if there's especially with the steam system.

未保温的蒸汽管道能量损失是保温管道的五倍。

Steam an uninsulated pipe loses five times the energy of an insulated one.

这样一来，你的蒸汽系统一开始就处于不利境地。

So right away, you put your steam system behind the eight ball type of thing.

我会检查是否有泄漏，并查看锅炉外壳是否有变色。

I'll look for leaks, and I'll look on the boiler jacket for discoloration.

这表明烟气没有正确排出。

That's telling me that the flue gases aren't going up the right way.

同时也意味着锅炉正在产生一氧化碳。

And it also means that that boiler's producing carbon monoxide.

这些通常是我会重点检查的地方。

So those are the things that I typically look for.

你可能会看到烟灰，外壳侧面、燃烧器附近或烟道出口处有黑色条纹。

You could see soot, It's black streaks on the side of the jacket or near the burner or near the flue outlet.

嗯。

Yeah.

这些都是典型的目视检查项目。

All those typical visual inspections.

他们之前提到过听觉检查也非常重要。

They already mentioned listening being absolutely huge.

我们先快速概述一下蒸汽系统。

Let's do just a quick overview on steam.

讲一些蒸汽基础知识。

So just some steam fundamentals.

我认为很多人对这个领域确实感到非常困惑。

That's an area that I think a lot of people do get very confused about.

比如单管与双管系统、疏水阀、排气行为这些。

So one pipe versus two pipe, traps, venting behavior.

请给我们快速介绍一下蒸汽系统的宏观概况。

Just give us a quick 50,000 foot introductory overview to steam.

首先要说的是，很多维修技术人员容易犯的错误是试图用液压知识来维修蒸汽系统，结果适得其反。

The first thing I would say is what trips a lot of service techs up is they try to they try to use their hydraulic knowledge to service the steam system, and it backfires dramatically.

举个例子，随着蒸汽压力升高，蒸汽体积反而会变小。

For example, steam, as you increase the steam pressure, what happens is the steam volume gets smaller.

因此需要更多的蒸汽进入系统。

So you need more steam to go into there.

另一个要点是，你必须认识到存在两种不同的气体状态。

And the other thing is that you have to look at there's two different gases.

蒸汽系统更接近于空调系统的运行原理，而非传统蒸汽系统，因为它涉及两种物态变化。

A steam system more closely operates to an air conditioning system than it does to a steam system because there's two changes of state.

我常听很多人说，蒸汽系统效率低下。

And a lot of people I hear will say, Well, steam systems are inefficient.

但想想看，纽约帝国大厦大约有102层楼高（如果我没记错的话）。

Well, if you think about it, the Empire State Building in New York City is about 102 stories high, I believe it is.

他们仅用2到3磅的蒸汽压力就实现了整栋建筑的供暖。

They heat the building on two to three pounds of steam pressure.

几年前他们还因高效节能获得了LEED金级认证。

And they won a LEED Gold Award several years ago for efficiency.

因此关键在于，你必须成为全面型的维修技师，而非只会处理单个部件的技师。

So what happens is steam, you have to more be a holistic service tech rather than a component service tech.

举例来说，如果水泵不运转，更换水泵就能让锅炉或整个系统恢复运行。

For example, if you have a pump that's not running, you could replace that pump and get that boiler or that system back online.

反之，如果某个地方的疏水阀泄漏，泄漏处的房间可能会变热，但相邻的房间则不会。

Whereas if I have a trap leaking through somewhere, the room where it's leaking through is probably gonna heat, but the ones adjacent to it aren't.

丹·霍拉汉总说，在蒸汽系统中，问题和解决方案很少出现在同一个房间里。

And Dan Holohan always has this saying that the problem and the solution are rarely in the same room on a steam system.

所以我对蒸汽系统非常着迷。

So I'm fascinated with steam.

我也喜欢水力系统，因为我认为它能提供最舒适的供暖，尤其是地暖辐射供暖，非常舒适。

I also like hydronic because, yeah, I think it's the most comfortable heat you can get, especially like radiant in floor heating is very comfortable.

我们常见的一种情况是，如果你想更换锅炉，原本用的是80%大气压的Wild MacLean锅炉，现在想换成95%冷凝锅炉。

And one of the things that we see that people do is if you want to go out and you want to replace a boiler and you have an 80% atmospheric Wild MacLean, you say, okay, I want to get a 95% condensing boiler.

这是有条件冷凝的。

It's a conditional condensing.

而对于暖炉来说，由于70度的空气持续流经热交换器，它始终处于冷凝状态。

Whereas with a furnace, it condenses all the time because you have 70 degree air going across the heat exchanger.

冷凝锅炉只有在水温低于特定温度时才会冷凝。

A condensing boiler only condenses if the water temperature is below a certain temperature.