雅思能量1464：现代环境议题助你在雅思考试中脱颖而出

这里是IELTS能量播客第1464期。

This is an IELTS energy podcast episode fourteen sixty four.

现代环境议题在IELTS考试中的突出表现。

Modern environmental issues to stand out on IELTS.

欢迎收听All Ears English出品的IELTS能量播客，节目下载量已突破2200万次，由前IELTS考官Jessica Beck和IELTS专家Aubrey Carter共同主持。

Welcome to the IELTS energy podcast from All Ears English, downloaded more than 22,000,000 times with former IELTS examiner Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz.

如果您正苦于分数停滞不前，我们的内部方法将帮助您获得实现梦想所需的目标分数。

If you are stuck with a low score, our insider method will help you get the score you need to unlock your dreams.

现在通过我们的两分钟测试立即获取您的预估分数段。

Get your estimated band score now with our two minute quiz.

请访问allearsenglish.com/myscore。

Go to allearsenglish.com forward slash myscore.

您可能听说过环境议题是IELTS口语和写作中最常见的话题之一，但您使用的可能是过时的备考资料。

You have likely heard that the environment is one of the most common topics on both IELTS speaking and writing, but you may be using outdated resources.

今天我们将分享针对这些不断变化议题的最新词汇和观点。

Today, we share updated vocabulary and ideas for these ever changing issues.

奥布里，你觉得很多雅思考生会担心环境话题吗？

Aubrey, would you say that a lot of IELTS students are worried about the environment topic?

这是个好问题。

That's a good question.

我不知道你们是否担心这个话题，不是说你们应该担心，但你们绝对应该做好准备。

I don't know if you guys are worried about it, and not that you should be worried, but you should definitely be prepared.

这是雅思考试中非常常见的问题，无论是写作还是口语部分。

This is such a common question on IELTS, both writing and speaking.

考官们特别喜欢问关于环境的问题。

Examiners love to ask you about the environment.

我认为这里的风险在于，环境是个众所周知的话题。

I think the danger here, guys, is that the environment is such a known topic.

它总是出现在雅思热门话题清单上。

It's like it's always on the IELTS Hot Topics list.

而且确实应该如此。

And it should be.

环境话题确实在雅思考试中频繁出现，但问题在于有太多参考资料了。

It does come up on IELTS a lot, but the danger here is that there are so many resources.

如果你在YouTube上观看，可以看到我正在做'空气引号'的手势。

If you're watching on YouTube, you can see me doing air quotes.

关于雅思环境话题的参考资料实在太多了。

There are so many resources about IELTS environment topics.

这些资料全都千篇一律，而且内容都已过时。

These resources are all the same and they're all outdated.

它们都在提供同样乏味的清单。

They're all giving you the same boring list.

对吧？

Right?

今天我们要鼓励大家在回答这些问题时脱颖而出，不要使用那些老套的清单，多思考与环境相关的现代问题。

And today, guys, we want to encourage you to stand out on these questions, to not use those lists, to think more about the modern problems associated with the environment.

没错。

Yeah.

这些问题也会随之更新。

And these questions will be updated as well.

随着世界变化，你可能会被问到人类如何影响环境，对吧？

As the world changes, as you might be asked how are humans affecting the environment, right?

完全正确。

Totally.

有些可能是你平时不太会想到的方面。

Something that you might not think about as much.

所以最重要的是，你要保持更新，多听新闻和播客来积累词汇量。

So it's important that first of all, you're saying update, you're listening to the news and podcasts so that you're hearing a lot of vocab.

另外，我很赞同你刚才说的，杰西卡。

But also, love what you said here, Jessica.

你要确保自己不只是听那些过时的参考答案，因为情况在不断变化。

You want to make sure you're not just listening to like outdated sample answers because things are changing.

我是说，如果雅思考试中出现看似简单的问题，比如'你居住地的环境问题有哪些？'

I mean, if you have, you know, a seemingly simple question on IELTS, like, you know, what are the environmental problems where you live?

很多学生会给出完全相同的答案。

So many students are going to give exactly the same answer.

如果他们能给出答案的话——如果他们练习过的话。你知道，有些学生可能对这个问题没有好的回答。

If- if they give answers at all, if they've practiced, you know, some students might not have a good answer for that.

但如果学生确实有答案，他们的回答听起来都会一样，比如：'空气污染很严重，你必须戴口罩，因为空气污染会导致呼吸问题'。

But if students do have answers for that, they're all gonna sound the same like, well, the air pollution is very bad and you you have to wear a mask because the air pollution can cause, you know, breathing problems.

每个人都会说同样的话，对吧？

Like everybody's gonna say the same thing, right?

如果考官一遍又一遍地听到相同的词汇，即使对你来说这个词很高级，但如果考官今天已经听了30遍，那分数就会很低，因为这太常见了。

And if it's the vocabulary the examiner is hearing again and again and again, even if it seems high level to you because it's a new word, if the examiner has heard it 30 times today, it's low scoring because it's very common.

这个观点太棒了。

That's such a good point.

这个观点太棒了。

That's such a good point.

是啊，这是另一个不要使用那些清单的理由。

Yeah, another reason not to use those lists.

总之，我们开始吧。

Anyway, let's dive in here.

今天我们有五个现代环境问题供大家思考。

So we have five modern environmental problems for you guys to think about today.

当你们听我们讨论这些问题并举例时，我真心希望大家能思考这些情况如何适用于你们所居住的地方。

And as you're hearing us talk about these and give examples, I really want you guys to think about how they apply to where you live.

好的。

All right.

你会如何运用这个观点？

How would you use this idea?

这第一个环境问题建议传统上可能不会被称作环境问题。

So this first suggestion for an environmental problem would not traditionally be called an environmental problem, I think.

是的，但肯定可以提出论证，对吧？

Yeah, but definitely could be argued, right?

这就是无家可归问题，现在我们越来越多地称其为'无固定居所人群'。

So this is homelessness, which more and more we're calling them unhoused, the unhoused population.

所以考官可能对此非常关注。

So the examiner might feel very passionate about that.

所以我强烈建议你使用这个术语，明白吗？

So I definitely recommend that you use that terminology, right?

这确实与环境有关，城市环境，对吧？

And it is about the environment, the urban environment, right?

它是否导致了垃圾问题或水污染？

Is it causing an issue with litter or maybe water pollution?

我知道波特兰和凤凰城都有大量无家可归者。

I know there's a large unhoused population in Portland and here in Phoenix as well.

天啊，确实，我能想象。

Oh gosh, yeah, I bet.

所以在第三部分或写作任务二中，你要使用这个现代术语——'无住所者'或'无住所人群'，而不是说'无家可归'。

So in part three or writing task two, right, you would use this modern terminology, the unhoused or the unhoused population instead of saying homelessness.

然后你需要举一个例子。

And then you have to give an example.

我就住在波特兰，这并不难。

So I live in Portland, that's not hard.

不过有个有趣的例子，我们这里真的有所谓的无家可归海盗。

An interesting example though, is we literally have like homeless pirates.

波特兰周围有很多河流。

There are a lot of rivers around Portland.

如果你去波特兰市中心，就能看到无家可归者的船屋。

If you go to Downtown Portland, you can see, homeless houseboats.

这听起来很奇怪，无家可归者的船屋，但它们看起来确实像小型海盗船。

That sounds weird, homeless houseboats, but it does look like a little pirate junker.

他们偷来的自行车堆在船上，有些都掉进河里了。

And they have like stolen bicycles piled up on there that like fall into the river.

船上就是一堆垃圾，而且你知道那些人直接在河里解决内急问题。

And it's just it's it's just a pile of trash on this boat, and you know that people are, relieving themselves, you know, going to the bathroom in the river.

他们用河水洗衣服、洗澡，还把不要的东西都扔进河里。

They're using the river to wash their clothes and wash themselves and, throwing things they don't want into the river.

这就是水污染。

And that's water pollution.

对吧？

Right?

但这是多么有趣的水污染案例啊。

But what an interesting example of water pollution.

是啊，这个现象很有意思，因为任何觉得自己没有选择余地的人，都不会像那些觉得自己有选择且属于这个系统的人那样遵守公民法律，对吧？

Yeah, and it is interesting to think about because anyone who feels like they don't have options is not going to obey like civic laws as much as someone who does feel like they have options and they're part of the system, right?

所以最终导致很多环境问题确实是有道理的。

So it does make sense that there would end up being a lot of environmental issues.

确实如此。

For sure.

是的，关于这个话题我能说很久，但我们今天不是来讨论无家可归人群的。

Yeah, I could speak for so long about this But we're not here to talk about the unhoused population.

我们是来讨论环境问题的。

We are here to talk about the environment.

或许在下一期节目中，我们会更深入地讨论这个话题。

Maybe in an upcoming episode, we'll talk more about that.

但接下来我常听到学生们讨论的环境话题就是空气污染。

But the next very common topic that I hear students talk about with the environment is air pollution.

不过现在对此有更现代的观点了，对吧奥布里？

However, there are more modern takes on this, right Aubrey?

没错。

Right.

想想野火问题，最近在美国就非常猖獗。

If you think about wildfires, they are rampant in The US lately.

说到野火产生的烟雾和雾霾，你知道的，夏天亚利桑那州和加州都有野火，我们不仅肉眼可见，连你们那边都能闻到烟味对吧？

So talking about the smoke, the smog generated by wildfires, You know, summer there's wildfires here in Arizona and also in California we we can visibly see it, we can smell it up where you are as well, right?

天啊，每年夏天都是这样。

Oh my gosh, every summer.

我是说，现在这已经是全球性问题了，对吧？

I mean, this is happening all over the world now, right?

所以，不幸的是你们应该能够用到这个话题。

So, unfortunately you guys should be able to use this.

举个例子，每年夏天至少有一周时间，波特兰居民被建议出门就要戴口罩，因为空气质量指数(AQI)非常不健康，空气污染严重到我们不得不戴口罩才能外出，这都是因为山火烟雾。

So the example I would give would be like, every summer for at least a week, Portland residents are, advised to wear masks anytime they leave the house because the AQI or air quality index is so unhealthy and the air is so dangerous that we have to wear masks just to be outside because of the wildfire smoke.

是的，虽然这是个普遍问题，但我们更常听到学生谈论城市工厂烟雾问题——当然那也是问题，只是这个答案太常见了。

Yeah, and though this is a rampant problem, we will hear students much more often talk about city smog from factories from yes, that also is a problem, but we do hear that answer a lot.

这个话题出现频率不高，考虑到它的严重性，这有点令人惊讶。

This doesn't come up that often, which is sort of surprising for what a big problem it is.

所以如果你转而谈论你居住地经历的山火，或是全球范围内的山火事件，对考官来说会更新颖？

So if instead you talk about the wildfires that you experience where you live or that you hear about all over the world, that will be more unique to the examiner?

确实，在当今世界，大多数工业化国家都有工厂监管规定。

Yeah, I mean, in today's world, most industrialized countries have rules about their factories.

老实说，这已经不像过去那样是个大问题了。

And so that is honestly not as much of a problem anymore as it used to be.

山火才是个真正的问题。

Wildfires Thank are a problem.

这就引出了另一个环境问题：为什么如今山火如此肆虐，而过去却没有，对吧？

And then that leads you to this whole other environmental issue of why wildfires are rampant today when they weren't in the past, right?

是什么导致了这种新现象？

What is causing this, this new phenomenon?

没错。

Right.

这将为你提供分享更多细节和有趣词汇的机会。

Which is going to give you an opportunity to share so many more details and interesting vocabulary.

你知道在你居住的地方参加雅思考试需要多少钱吗？

Do you know how much an IELTS exam costs where you live?

如今全球大多数雅思考试费用在200到300美元之间。

Most IELTS exams around the world cost around $200 to $300 these days.

这可是一大笔钱。

That is a lot of money.

我们制作这个播客就是为了帮助像你这样的全球考生正确备考雅思。

We made this podcast so we could help students like you from all over the world prepare correctly for the IELTS exam.

这样你就不必反复支付这笔昂贵的考试费用。

So you don't have to pay to take this expensive test over and over.

我们还知道，在参加考试前你必须对自己的分数有十足把握。

We also know that you absolutely must be sure of your score before you go in for your exam.

这样才能确保获得你需要的分数。

So you're sure to get the score you need.

这就是我们推出免费雅思分数测试的原因。

That's why we made our free IELTS band score quiz.

免费测试你今天参加考试能获得多少分。

Find out what you'd get if you took the exam today for free.

请访问allenglish.com/myscore。

Go to allenglish.com/myscore.

网址是allearsenglish.com/myscore，现在就去试试吧。

That's allearsenglish.com/myscore and go today.

好的。

All right.

我们经常听到的另一个问题是森林砍伐，这个词很有意思。

So another issue we hear about often is deforestation, which is a great word.

我仍然希望你们讨论这个问题，因为它依然存在。

I still want you to talk about it because it is still a problem.

但关于森林砍伐，有什么更有趣的讨论角度呢？

But what is a more interesting take on talking about deforestation?

我能想到的一个例子是

One thing I can

山体滑坡。

think of is landslides.

加利福尼亚曾发生过山体滑坡，大片悬崖瞬间坍塌。我查阅资料发现，正是森林砍伐导致地基整体失稳。

California, there was a landslide where a lot of the cliff just swept away and I was reading about it and it was due to deforestation that destabilized the whole foundation.

这很大程度上源于人类想在那里建造房屋的活动，但最终

So a lot of that is human activity wanting to build houses there, but then we end

我们引发了一系列连锁问题。

up causing all this ripple effect of problems.

确实如此，确实如此。

Exactly, exactly.

所以没错，关于森林砍伐的问题，各位如果还不清楚这意味着什么，就像奥布里说的，人类总想不断建造和扩张居住地，这和我们今天要讨论的最后一个议题相关。

So yeah, deforestation guys, in case you're not sure what that means, Like Aubrey said, humans wanna keep building and expanding where we live, which is linked to our last issue we'll talk about today.

但我们会破坏森林，对吧？

But we destroy the forests, right?

这样人类就有更多居住空间。

So humans have more area to live.

与此相关的另一个有趣环境问题是动物流离失所。

So another interesting environmental issue related to this is animal displacement.

就是我们砍伐森林时破坏了它们的栖息地。

That's when we ruin their habitats because we're cutting down the forest.

举个有趣的例子，我前不久去了俄勒冈州的阿什兰，那是距离波特兰约四小时车程的城市。

And an example here, which is interesting, I went to Ashland, Oregon not that long ago, a city about four hours from from Portland.

城里到处都是鹿，在居民前院、市中心街道上随处可见。

And there are deer everywhere in the town, like everywhere in people's front yards, on downtown city streets.

这简直是个疯狂的问题。

Like it is an insane problem.

而且这些鹿已经不再害怕人类了。

And these deer are not afraid of humans anymore.

它们甚至会追赶人类，因为它们失去了栖息地，正在抢占人类居住的新领地。

They will chase people, like because they've lost their habitat and they are claiming a new one, which is where people live.

这是个与森林砍伐相关的非常有趣的问题。

And it's a very interesting problem related to deforestation.

没错。

Right.

那么你就得考虑这个城市该如何处理这个问题？

So then you have to think about how does that city deal with that problem?

他们必须迁移这些鹿吗？

Do they have to displace them?

是否需要动物管控措施？

Does there have to be animal control?

它们本不该以非自然方式减少种群数量，这会带来各种负面影响。

Shouldn't them were decreasing populations unnaturally, so there are all kinds of negative effects.

很多人会不知道该如何处理这种情况。

A lot of people would be would have a hard time knowing how to handle that situation.

是的，这完全是新情况。

Yes, It's completely new.

我们从未学过如何处理前院里具有攻击性的鹿。

We've never learned how to deal with aggressive deer in our front yards.

好吧。

Alright.

另一个问题是入侵物种。

So another, problem is invasive species.

这有多种原因，我们就不深入讨论了。

There are a number of causes for this, which we won't go into now.

但这值得研究，不仅因为它很有趣，而且很适合在雅思考试中讨论。

But it's worth researching because not only is it interesting, but it'd be good to talk about on IELTS.

那么什么是入侵物种呢？

So what are invasive species?

是的，这类物种会引发各种问题。

Yeah, so this is a species that is causing some kind of problem.

它们可能会破坏当地的动植物群。

It might be ruining local flora and fauna.

这个短语指的是某个地方的植物和动物。

This is an expression that means the plants and animals in a place.

举个好例子，我们在夏威夷时到处都能看到猫鼬，导游说它们其实并非夏威夷原生物种。

A good example, when we were in Hawaii, we were seeing mongoose everywhere and a tour guide was saying that they're actually not native to Hawaii.

它们是制糖业从印度引进用来控制老鼠数量的。

They were brought from India by the sugar industry to control the rat population.

结果适得其反，因为猫鼬白天活动而老鼠只在夜间出没。

It really backfired because mongoose are active during the day and rats are only active at night.

它们彼此没有影响，却对夏威夷本土物种构成了巨大威胁，而且到处都是它们的身影。

They didn't affect each other, but they became a huge threat to the native species in Hawaii and that they were everywhere.

它们在当地确实非常具有入侵性。

They're really invasive there.

这太有趣了。

That is so interesting.

天啊，伙计们。

Oh my gosh, guys.

真的，只要谷歌搜索'入侵物种'，你就会发现很多这样引人入胜的故事。

Literally just like Google invasive species and you're gonna get so many really fascinating stories like that.

这些故事的特点，就像奥布里刚才说的，同时也是观察历史的一个很酷的小窗口。

And the thing about these stories, like what Aubrey just says, is like this cool little window into history as well.

你知道，它总是与... 对。

You know, like it's always linked to- Right.

移民、商业这些话题相关。

How's immigration, business.

没错，正是这样。

Yeah, exactly.

入侵物种指的是那些本不该存在的动植物，它们并非本地物种，因此具有入侵性。

So invasive species, it's a plant or animal that should not be, it's not native to the place, which means it's invasive.

它们来自其他地方，正在破坏当地的动植物生态。

It came from somewhere else and it's ruining the local flora and fauna.

对。

Yeah.

最后我们还有城市扩张问题。

And finally we have urban sprawl.

这些都是相互关联的。

This is all related here.

随着人口——人类数量的增长，会产生各种连锁反应，对吧？

So as populations, human populations increase, there are all kinds of ripple effects, right?

我们消耗了太多水资源。

We're using too much water.

这在凤凰城是个大问题，那里可是沙漠地带。

This is a huge issue in Phoenix, which is a desert.

人类或许根本不该居住在这里。

Probably humans shouldn't be living here at all.

他们绝对不应该建造高尔夫球场。

They definitely should not be building golf courses.

不应该

Should not

建造那些需要消耗大量水资源的高尔夫球场。

be building golf courses that are then needing all of this water.

这太疯狂了。

It's crazy.

奥布里，几十年前我住在亚利桑那时，记得凤凰城地区的城市扩张速度惊人，规模巨大。

Aubrey, when I lived in Arizona decades ago, I remember that the urban sprawl of the Phoenix area was so rapid, was so huge.

当时看起来每天都在扩张。

It appeared to be growing by the day.

现在还是这样吗？

Is that still the case?

确实如此。

Absolutely, yes.

在我居住的郊区，直到最近很多土地还是农田和建筑用地，但新开发项目如雨后春笋般涌现，导致各种问题层出不穷。

Where I live in the suburbs, just recently a lot of this land was farmland and building, developments are popping up so quickly that there are all kinds of problems.

现在每户人家的后院都有很多蝎子出没，因为不久前这里还是柑橘园。

There are a lot of scorpions in everyone's backyard because very recently they were citrus orchards.

蝎子们原本在那里生活得很惬意。

And so the scorpions were happy living there.

它们喜欢柑橘树，但现在人类住进来了，这些蝎子又被新建的房屋所包围。

They love citrus, but now people live here and again, these scorpions are being by homes that are being built.

于是它们就被驱赶到更早建成的住宅区，让所有居民都为此困扰。

So then they're pushed to homes that were here longer and everyone's dealing with it.

天啊，这太不可思议了。

Oh my gosh, that's fascinating.

各位，我真心希望你们能把今天的节目内容当作家庭作业，因为你们当地肯定也正在发生这些现代环境问题——至少一个，甚至可能全部。

Guys, I really, really hope that you are using today's episode as a homework assignment because you know, at least one, if not all of these environmental issues, these modern environmental issues are happening where you live.

你们需要能够用英语在雅思考试中讨论这个话题。

And you need to be able to talk about this in English on IELTS.

所以大家要做些小研究，了解正在发生的事情。

So do a little research guys, learn about what's happening.

是的。

Yes.

我们将在这里推出一个两部分的系列。

And we are going to have a two part series here.

所以下次请继续收听，我们将分享一些雅思9分范文，回答近期关于环境的雅思问题，这样你们可以听听这些回答听起来如何，并一定要自己练习回答这些问题。

So tune in next time, we are going to share some Band nine sample answers, answering recent IELTS questions about the environment so that you can see how these might sound and definitely practice answering them on your own.

所以下次记得回来。

So come back next time.

很好，很好。

Nice, nice.

大家一定要点击关注哦。

Make sure to hit follow guys.

这样你就不会错过这个精彩的两部分系列了，太棒了。

So you don't miss any of these amazing two part series and fantastic.

奥布里，今天表现很棒。

Aubrey, great job today.

下次见。

I'll see you next time.

下次见。

See you next time.

再见..com/myscore。

Bye..com/myscore.